A105489 -id:A105489 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000071 a(n) = Fibonacci(n) - 1.

0, 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 12, 20, 33, 54, 88, 143, 232, 376, 609, 986, 1596, 2583, 4180, 6764, 10945, 17710, 28656, 46367, 75024, 121392, 196417, 317810, 514228, 832039, 1346268, 2178308, 3524577, 5702886, 9227464, 14930351, 24157816, 39088168, 63245985, 102334154

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

a(n) is the number of allowable transition rules for passing from one change to the next (on n-1 bells) in the English art of bell-ringing. This is also the number of involutions in the symmetric group S_{n-1} which can be represented as a product of transpositions of consecutive numbers from {1, 2, ..., n-1}. Thus for n = 6 we have a(6) from (12), (12)(34), (12)(45), (23), (23)(45), (34), (45), for instance. See my 1983 Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. paper. - Arthur T. White, letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 18 1986
Number of permutations p of {1, 2, ..., n-1} such that max|p(i) - i| = 1. Example: a(4) = 2 since only the permutations 132 and 213 of {1, 2, 3} satisfy the given condition. - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 04 2003 [For a(5) = 4 we have 2143, 1324, 2134 and 1243. - Jon Perry, Sep 14 2013]
Number of 001-avoiding binary words of length n-3. a(n) is the number of partitions of {1, ..., n-1} into two blocks in which only 1- or 2-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block and there is at least one 2-string. E.g., a(6) = 7 because the enumerated partitions of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} are 124/35, 134/25, 14/235, 13/245, 1245/3, 145/23, 125/34. - Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 11 2005
Numbers for which only one Fibonacci bit-representation is possible and for which the maximal and minimal Fibonacci bit-representations (A104326 and A014417) are equal. For example, a(12) = 10101 because 8 + 3 + 1 = 12. - Casey Mongoven, Mar 19 2006
Beginning with a(2), the "Recamán transform" (see A005132) of the Fibonacci numbers (A000045). - Nick Hobson, Mar 01 2007
Starting with nonzero terms, a(n) gives the row sums of triangle A158950. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 31 2009
a(n+2) is the minimum number of elements in an AVL tree of height n. - Lennert Buytenhek (buytenh(AT)wantstofly.org), May 31 2010
a(n) is the number of branch nodes in the Fibonacci tree of order n-1. A Fibonacci tree of order n (n >= 2) is a complete binary tree whose left subtree is the Fibonacci tree of order n-1 and whose right subtree is the Fibonacci tree of order n-2; each of the Fibonacci trees of order 0 and 1 is defined as a single node (see the Knuth reference, p. 417). - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 14 2010
a(n+3) is the number of distinct three-strand positive braids of length n (cf. Burckel). - Maxime Bourrigan, Apr 04 2011
a(n+1) is the number of compositions of n with maximal part 2. - Joerg Arndt, May 21 2013
a(n+2) is the number of leafs of great-grandparent DAG (directed acyclic graph) of height n. A great-grandparent DAG of height n is a single node for n = 1; for n > 1 each leaf of ggpDAG(n-1) has two child nodes where pairs of adjacent new nodes are merged into single node if and only if they have disjoint grandparents and same great-grandparent. Consequence: a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-3). - Hermann Stamm-Wilbrandt, Jul 06 2014
2 and 7 are the only prime numbers in this sequence. - Emmanuel Vantieghem, Oct 01 2014
From Russell Jay Hendel, Mar 15 2015: (Start)
We can establish Gerald McGarvey's conjecture mentioned in the Formula section, however we require n > 4. We need the following 4 prerequisites.
(1) a(n) = F(n) - 1, with {F(n)}A000045.%20(2)%20(Binet%20form)%20F(n)%20=%20(d%5En%20-%20e%5En)/sqrt(5)%20with%20d%20=%20phi%20and%20e%20=%201%20-%20phi,%20de%20=%20-1%20and%20d%20+%20e%20=%201.%20It%20follows%20that%20a(n)%20=%20(d(n)%20-%20e(n))/sqrt(5)%20-%201.%20(3)%20To%20prove%20floor(x)%20=%20y%20is%20equivalent%20to%20proving%20that%20x%20-%20y%20lies%20in%20the%20half-open%20interval%20%5B0,%201).%20(4)%20The%20series%20%7Bs(n)%20=%20c1%20x%5En%20+%20c2%7D">{n >= 1} the Fibonacci numbers A000045. (2) (Binet form) F(n) = (d^n - e^n)/sqrt(5) with d = phi and e = 1 - phi, de = -1 and d + e = 1. It follows that a(n) = (d(n) - e(n))/sqrt(5) - 1. (3) To prove floor(x) = y is equivalent to proving that x - y lies in the half-open interval [0, 1). (4) The series {s(n) = c1 x^n + c2}{n >= 1}, with -1 < x < 0, and c1 and c2 positive constants, converges by oscillation with s(1) < s(3) < s(5) < ... < s(6) < s(4) < s(2). If follows that for any odd n, the open interval (s(n), s(n+1)) contains the subsequence {s(t)}_{t >= n + 2}. Using these prerequisites we can analyze the conjecture.
Using prerequisites (2) and (3) we see we must prove, for all n > 4, that d((d^(n-1) - e^(n-1))/sqrt(5) - 1) - (d^n - e^n)/sqrt(5) + 1 + c lies in the interval [0, 1). But de = -1, implying de^(n-1) = -e^(n-2). It follows that we must equivalently prove (for all n > 4) that E(n, c) = (e^(n-2) + e^n)/sqrt(5) + 1 - d + c = e^(n-2) (e^2 + 1)/sqrt(5) + e + c lies in [0, 1). Clearly, for any particular n, E(n, c) has extrema (maxima, minima) when c = 2*(1-d) and c = (1+d)*(1-d). Therefore, the proof is completed by using prerequisite (4). It suffices to verify E(5, 2*(1-d)) = 0, E(6, 2*(1-d)) = 0.236068, E(5, (1-d)*(1+d)) = 0.618034, E(6, (1-d)*(1+d)) = 0.854102, all lie in [0, 1).
(End)
a(n) can be shown to be the number of distinct nonempty matchings on a path with n vertices. (A matching is a collection of disjoint edges.) - Andrew Penland, Feb 14 2017
Also, for n > 3, the lexicographically earliest sequence of positive integers such that {phi*a(n)} is located strictly between {phi*a(n-1)} and {phi*a(n-2)}. - Ivan Neretin, Mar 23 2017
From Eric M. Schmidt, Jul 17 2017: (Start)
Number of sequences (e(1), ..., e(n-2)), 0 <= e(i) < i, such that there is no triple i < j < k with e(i) != e(j) <= e(k). [Martinez and Savage, 2.5]
Number of sequences (e(1), ..., e(n-2)), 0 <= e(i) < i, such that there is no triple i < j < k with e(i) >= e(j) <= e(k) and e(i) != e(k). [Martinez and Savage, 2.5]
(End)
Numbers whose Zeckendorf (A014417) and dual Zeckendorf (A104326) representations are the same: alternating digits of 1 and 0. - Amiram Eldar, Nov 01 2019
a(n+2) is the length of the longest array whose local maximum element can be found in at most n reveals. See link to the puzzle by Alexander S. Kulikov. - Dmitry Kamenetsky, Aug 08 2020
a(n+2) is the number of nonempty subsets of {1,2,...,n} that contain no consecutive elements. For example, the a(6)=7 subsets of {1,2,3,4} are {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {1,3}, {1,4} and {2,4}. - Muge Olucoglu, Mar 21 2021
a(n+3) is the number of allowed patterns of length n in the even shift (that is, a(n+3) is the number of binary words of length n in which there are an even number of 0s between any two occurrences of 1). For example, a(7)=12 and the 12 allowed patterns of length 4 in the even shift are 0000, 0001, 0010, 0011, 0100, 0110, 0111, 1000, 1001, 1100, 1110, 1111. - Zoran Sunic, Apr 06 2022
Conjecture: for k a positive odd integer, the sequence {a(k^n): n >= 1} is a strong divisibility sequence; that is, for n, m >= 1, gcd(a(k^n), a(k^m)) = a(k^gcd(n,m)). - Peter Bala, Dec 05 2022
In general, the sum of a second-order linear recurrence having signature (c,d) will be a third-order recurrence having a signature (c+1,d-c,-d). - Gary Detlefs, Jan 05 2023
a(n) is the number of binary strings of length n-2 whose longest run of 1's is of length 1, for n >= 3. - Félix Balado, Apr 03 2025

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GCHQ, The GCHQ Puzzle Book, Penguin, 2016. See page 28.
M. Kauers and P. Paule, The Concrete Tetrahedron, Springer 2011, p. 64.
D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 3, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1998, p. 417.
J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 155.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
J. L. Yucas, Counting special sets of binary Lyndon words, Ars Combin., 31 (1991), 21-29.

Christian G. Bower, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..500
Isha Agarwal, Matvey Borodin, Aidan Duncan, Kaylee Ji, Tanya Khovanova, Shane Lee, Boyan Litchev, Anshul Rastogi, Garima Rastogi, and Andrew Zhao, From Unequal Chance to a Coin Game Dance: Variants of Penney's Game, arXiv:2006.13002 [math.HO], 2020.
Ricardo Gómez Aíza, Symbolic dynamical scales: modes, orbitals, and transversals, arXiv:2009.02669 [math.DS], 2020.
Kassie Archer and Noel Bourne, Pattern avoidance in compositions and powers of permutations, arXiv:2505.05218 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 6-7.
Kassie Archer and Aaron Geary, Powers of permutations that avoid chains of patterns, arXiv:2312.14351 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 15.
Mohammad K. Azarian, The Generating Function for the Fibonacci Sequence, Missouri Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring 1990, pp. 78-79. Zentralblatt MATH, Zbl 1097.11516.
Mohammad K. Azarian, A Generalization of the Climbing Stairs Problem II, Missouri Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 2004, pp. 12-17.
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Erik Bates, Blan Morrison, Mason Rogers, Arianna Serafini, and Anav Sood, A new combinatorial interpretation of partial sums of m-step Fibonacci numbers, arXiv:2503.11055 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 1-2.
Andrew M. Baxter and Lara K. Pudwell, Ascent sequences avoiding pairs of patterns, 2014.
Serge Burckel, Syntactical methods for braids of three strands, J. Symbolic Comput. 31 (2001), no. 5, 557-564.
Alexander Burstein and Toufik Mansour, Counting occurrences of some subword patterns, arXiv:math/0204320 [math.CO], 2002-2003.
Peter J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
Fan Chung and R. L. Graham, Primitive juggling sequences, Am. Math. Monthly 115 (3) (2008) 185-194.
Ligia Loretta Cristea, Ivica Martinjak, and Igor Urbiha, Hyperfibonacci Sequences and Polytopic Numbers, arXiv:1606.06228 [math.CO], 2016.
Michael Dairyko, Samantha Tyner, Lara Pudwell, and Casey Wynn, Non-contiguous pattern avoidance in binary trees. Electron. J. Combin. 19 (2012), no. 3, Paper 22, 21 pp. MR2967227. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Feb 01 2013
Emeric Deutsch, Problem Q915, Math. Magazine, vol. 74, No. 5, 2001, p. 404.
Christian Ennis, William Holland, Omer Mujawar, Aadit Narayanan, Frank Neubrander, Marie Neubrander, and Christina Simino, Words in Random Binary Sequences I, arXiv:2107.01029 [math.GM], 2021.
Taras Goy and Mark Shattuck, Toeplitz-Hessenberg determinant formulas for the sequence F_n-1, Online J. Anal. Comb. 19 (2024), no. 19, Paper #1, 27 pp.
Fumio Hazama, Spectra of graphs attached to the space of melodies, Discrete Math., 311 (2011), 2368-2383. See Table 2.1.
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Augustine O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations,IJMMS 2005:3 (2005), 451-463.
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Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,0,-1).

Cf. A000032, A000045, A000119, A001611, A001654, A001911, A005968, A005969.
Cf. A006327, A014417, A054761, A081006, A081007, A081008, A081009, A083368.
Cf. A098531, A098532, A098533, A101220, A104326, A105488, A105489, A119282.
Cf. A128697, A157725, A157726, A157727, A157728, A157729, A158950, A167616.
Cf. A001622, A228074.
Antidiagonal sums of array A004070.
Right-hand column 2 of triangle A011794.
Related to sum of Fibonacci(kn) over n. Cf. A099919, A058038, A138134, A053606.
Subsequence of A226538. Also a subsequence of A061489.

a000071 n = a000071_list !! n
a000071_list = map (subtract 1) $ tail a000045_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 23 2013

[Fibonacci(n)-1: n in [1..60]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 04 2011

A000071 := proc(n) combinat[fibonacci](n)-1 ; end proc; # R. J. Mathar, Apr 07 2011
a:= n-> (Matrix([[1, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1]])^(n-1))[3, 2]; seq(a(n), n=1..50); # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 24 2008

Fibonacci[Range[40]] - 1 (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{2, 0, -1}, {0, 0, 1}, 40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 23 2013 *)
Join[{0}, Accumulate[Fibonacci[Range[0, 39]]]] (* Alonso del Arte, Oct 22 2017, based on Giorgi Dalakishvili's formula *)

PARI
```
{a(n) = if( n<1, 0, fibonacci(n)-1)};
```

[fibonacci(n)-1 for n in range(1,60)] # G. C. Greubel, Oct 21 2024

a(n) = A000045(n) - 1.
a(0) = -1, a(1) = 0; thereafter a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + 1.
a(n) = A101220(1, 1, n-2), for n > 1.
G.f.: x^3/((1-x-x^2)*(1-x)). - Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation, dropping initial 0's
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-3). - R. H. Hardin, Apr 02 2011
Partial sums of Fibonacci numbers. - Wolfdieter Lang
a(n) = -1 + (A*B^n + C*D^n)/10, with A, C = 5 +- 3*sqrt(5), B, D = (1 +- sqrt(5))/2. - Ralf Stephan, Mar 02 2003
a(1) = 0, a(2) = 0, a(3) = 1, then a(n) = ceiling(phi*a(n-1)) where phi is the golden ratio (1 + sqrt(5))/2. - Benoit Cloitre, May 06 2003
Conjecture: for all c such that 2*(2 - Phi) <= c < (2 + Phi)*(2 - Phi) we have a(n) = floor(Phi*a(n-1) + c) for n > 4. - Gerald McGarvey, Jul 22 2004. This is true provided n > 3 is changed to n > 4, see proof in Comments section. - Russell Jay Hendel, Mar 15 2015
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..floor((n-2)/2)} binomial(n-k-2, k+1). - Paul Barry, Sep 23 2004
a(n+3) = Sum_{k = 0..floor(n/3)} binomial(n-2*k, k)*(-1)^k*2^(n-3*k). - Paul Barry, Oct 20 2004
a(n+1) = Sum(binomial(n-r, r)), r = 1, 2, ... which is the case t = 2 and k = 2 in the general case of t-strings and k blocks: a(n+1, k, t) = Sum(binomial(n-r*(t-1), r)*S2(n-r*(t-1)-1, k-1)), r = 1, 2, ... - Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 11 2005
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n-2} k*Fibonacci(n - k - 3). - Ross La Haye, May 31 2006
a(n) = term (3, 2) in the 3 X 3 matrix [1, 1, 0; 1, 0, 0; 1, 0, 1]^(n-1). - Alois P. Heinz, Jul 24 2008
For n >= 4, a(n) = ceiling(phi*a(n-1)), where phi is the golden ratio. - Vladimir Shevelev, Jul 04 2010
Closed-form without two leading zeros g.f.: 1/(1 - 2*x - x^3); ((5 + 2*sqrt(5))*((1 + sqrt(5))/2)^n + (5 - 2*sqrt(5))*((1 - sqrt(5))/2)^n - 5)/5; closed-form with two leading 0's g.f.: x^2/(1 - 2*x - x^3); ((5 + sqrt(5))*((1 + sqrt(5))/2)^n + (5 - sqrt(5))*((1 - sqrt(5))/2)^n - 10)/10. - Tim Monahan, Jul 10 2011
A000119(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 28 2012
a(n) = A228074(n - 1, 2) for n > 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2013
G.f.: Q(0)*x^2/2, where Q(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x*(4*k + 2 - x^2)/( x*(4*k + 4 - x^2) + 1/Q(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 30 2013
A083368(a(n+3)) = n. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 10 2014
E.g.f.: 1 - exp(x) + 2*exp(x/2)*sinh(sqrt(5)*x/2)/sqrt(5). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jun 15 2016
a(n) = A000032(3+n) - 1 mod A000045(3+n). - Mario C. Enriquez, Apr 01 2017
a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n-2} Fibonacci(i). - Giorgi Dalakishvili (mcnamara_gio(AT)yahoo.com), Apr 02 2005 [corrected by Doug Bell, Jun 01 2017]
a(n+2) = Sum_{j = 0..floor(n/2)} Sum_{k = 0..j} binomial(n - 2*j, k+1)*binomial(j, k). - Tony Foster III, Sep 08 2017
From Peter Bala, Nov 12 2021: (Start)
a(4*n) = Fibonacci(2*n+1)*Lucas(2*n-1) = A081006(n);
a(4*n+1) = Fibonacci(2*n)*Lucas(2*n+1) = A081007(n);
a(4*n+2) = Fibonacci(2*n)*Lucas(2*n+2) = A081008(n);
a(4*n+3) = Fibonacci(2*n+2)*Lucas(2*n+1) = A081009(n). (End)
G.f.: x^3/((1 - x - x^2)*(1 - x)) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n * x^(n+3) *( Product_{k = 1..n} (k - x)/Product_{k = 1..n+2} (1 - k*x) )  (a telescoping series). - Peter Bala, May 08 2024
Product_{n>=4} (1 + (-1)^n/a(n)) = 3*phi/4, where phi is the golden ratio (A001622). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 28 2024

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 04 2011

A077868 Expansion of 1/((1-x)*(1-x-x^3)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 18, 27, 40, 59, 87, 128, 188, 276, 405, 594, 871, 1277, 1872, 2744, 4022, 5895, 8640, 12663, 18559, 27200, 39864, 58424, 85625, 125490, 183915, 269541, 395032, 578948, 848490, 1243523, 1822472, 2670963, 3914487, 5736960, 8407924, 12322412

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 17 2002

Row sums of Riordan array (1/(1-x), x*(1+x^2)). - Paul Barry, Feb 16 2005

a(n) is the number of partitions of {1, ..., n+3} into two blocks in which only 1- or 3-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block and there is at least one 3-string. E.g., a(3)=5 because the enumerated partitions of {1,2,3,4,5,6} are 1235/46, 1345/26, 15/2346, 13/2456, 123/456. - Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 11 2005

Chu, Hung Viet. "Various Sequences from Counting Subsets." Fib. Quart., 59:2 (May 2021), 150-157.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Kassie Archer and Aaron Geary, Powers of permutations that avoid chains of patterns, arXiv:2312.14351 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 15.
Hung Viet Chu, Various sequences from counting subsets, arXiv:2005.10081 [math.CO], 2020-2021.
A. O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations, IJMMS 2005:3 (2005), 451-463.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,-1,1,-1).

Cf. A000071, A077888, A077941, A105489.
Cf. A000930, A050228, A144898, A144899, A144900, A144901, A144902, A144903, A144904, A226405.
Cf. A078012, A099567, A135851.

A077868:= func< n | n eq 0 select 0 else (&+[Binomial(n-2*j+, j+1): j in [0..Floor((n+1)/3)]]) >;
[A077868(n): n in [0..40]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jul 27 2022

a:= n-> (Matrix(4, (i,j)-> if i=j-1 then 1 elif j=1 then [2,-1,1,-1][i] else 0 fi)^n)[1,1]: seq(a(n), n=0..41); # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 05 2008
g:=(1+z+z^2)/(1-z-z^3): gser:=series(g, z=0, 43): seq(coeff(gser, z, n)-1, n=1..42); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jan 09 2009

LinearRecurrence[{1,1,0,0,-1}, {1,2,3,5,8,12}, 42] (* or *)
CoefficientList[Series[1/((1-x)(1-x-x^3)), {x, 0, 41}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jun 06 2018 *)

Vec(1/(1-x)/(1-x-x^3)+O(x^99)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 23 2012

{a = vector(50);
a[1] = 1; a[2] = 2; a[3] = 3;
for(n=4,50,
a[n] = 1 + a[n-1] + a[n-3];
); a} \\ Gerry Martens, Jun 03 2018

{a(n) = if( n<0, n=-4-n; polcoeff( -1 / (1 - x) / (1 + x^2 - x^3) + x * O(x^n), n), polcoeff( 1 / (1 - x) / (1 - x - x^3) + x * O(x^n), n))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 17 2018 */

def A077868(n): return sum(binomial(n-2*j+1, j+1) for j in (0..((n+1)//3)))
[A077868(n) for n in (0..40)] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 27 2022

Partial sums of A000930. a(n-1) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-2*k, k+1). - Paul Barry, Jul 07 2004
a(n-3) = Sum(binomial(n-r, r)), r=1, 2, ... which is the case t=3 and k=2 in the general case of t-strings and k blocks: a(n-3, k, t) = Sum(binomial(n-r*(t-1), r)*S2(n-r*(t-1)-1, k-1)), r=1, 2, ... - Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 11 2005
From Paul Weisenhorn, Oct 28 2011: (Start)
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) - a(n-5) for n > 4.
a(n) = a(n-2) + a(n-3) + a(n-4) + 2 for n > 3.
G.f.: 1/((1-x)*(1-x-x^3)). (End)
a(n) = 1 + a(n-1) + a(n-3), a(1)=1, a(2)=2, a(3)=3. - Gerry Martens, Jun 10 2018
a(n) = -A077888(-4-n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Jun 17 2018
a(n) = A000930(n+3) - 1. - Greg Dresden, Jun 20 2021
a(n) = A099567(n+3, 4). - G. C. Greubel, Jul 27 2022

More terms from Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 11 2005

A105479 a(n) = C(n,2)*Bell(n-2) (cf. A000217, A000110).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 3, 12, 50, 225, 1092, 5684, 31572, 186300, 1163085, 7654350, 52928460, 383437327, 2902665885, 22907918640, 188082362120, 1603461748491, 14169892736484, 129594593170210, 1224875863061970, 11948280552370932, 120142063487658003, 1243853543811461148

Offset: 0

Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 10 2005

Number of blocks of size 2 in all set partitions of {1,2,...,n}. Example: a(3)=3 because the set partitions of {1,2,3} are 1|2|3, 1|23, 12|3, 13|2 and 123, containing exactly 3 blocks of size 2. a(n) = Sum_{k>=0} k*A124498(n-1,k). - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 06 2006
Number of partitions of {1...n} containing 2 pairs of consecutive integers, where each pair is counted within a block and a string of more than 2 consecutive integers are counted two at a time. E.g. a(4) = 3 because the partitions of {1,2,3,4} with 2 pairs of consecutive integers are 123/4,12/34,1/234. - Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 10 2005
a(n) is the total sum of singletons in all set partitions of [n-1]. a(4) = 12 = 0+1+2+3+6: 123, 1|23, 13|2, 12|3, 1|2|3. - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 06 2024

Augustine O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations, Int. J. Math and Math. Sc. 2005, no. 3 (2005), 451-463.

Cf. A105480, A105489, A105484, A124498.

Column k=2 of A193297.

[seq(binomial(n,2)*combinat[bell](n-2),n=0..50)];

Join[{0,0},Table[Binomial[n,2]BellB[n-2],{n,2,30}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 06 2014 *)

from itertools import count, accumulate, islice
def A105479_gen(): # generator of terms
    yield from (0,0,1)
    blist, b, c = (1,), 1, 1
    for n in count(2):
        c += n
        blist = list(accumulate(blist, initial=(b:=blist[-1])))
        yield b*c
A105479_list = list(islice(A105479_gen(),20)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 22 2022

a(n) = binomial(n-1, 2)*Bell(n-3), the case r = 2 of the general case of r pairs: c(n, r) = binomial(n-1, r)*Bell(n-r-1).
E.g.f.: z^2/2 * e^(e^z-1) - Frank Ruskey, Dec 26 2006
G.f.: exp(-1)*Sum_{n>=0} (x^2/(n!*(1-n*x)^3)). - Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 05 2008
Let A be the upper Hessenberg matrix of order n defined by: A[i,i-1]=-1, A[i,j]=binomial(j-1,i-1), (i<=j), and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=2, a(n)=(-1)^(n-2)coeff(charpoly(A,x),x^2). - Milan Janjic, Jul 08 2010
G.f.: x^2/exp(1)*G(0), where G(k) = 1 + (2*k*x-1)^3/((2*k+1)*(2*k*x+x-1)^3 - (2*k+1)*(2*k*x+x-1)^6/((2*k*x+x-1)^3 + 2*(k+1)*(2*k*x+2*x-1)^3/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jun 14 2013

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 01 2007

A105488 Number of partitions of {1...n} containing 2 detached pairs of consecutive integers, i.e., partitions in which only 1- or 2-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block and there are exactly two 2-strings.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 30, 150, 780, 4263, 24556, 149040, 951615, 6378625, 44785620, 328660566, 2515643767, 20044428810, 165955025400, 1425299331992, 12678325080012, 116635133853189, 1108221018960830, 10862073229428120, 109694927532209481, 1140199081827172719

Offset: 4

Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 10 2005

Number of partitions enumerated by A105479 in which the maximal length of consecutive integers in a block is 2.
With offset 2t, number of partitions of {1...N} containing 2 detached strings of t consecutive integers, where N=n+2j, t=2+j, j = 0,1,2,..., i.e., partitions of [n] in which only v-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block, where v=1 or v=t and there are exactly two t-strings.
Equals the minimum of the sum of the Rand distances over all A000110(n) set partitions of n elements. E.g. a(3) = 6 because over the 5 set partitions of {1, 2, 3} the sum of Rand distances from {{1}, {2}, {3}} to the rest is 6. - Andrey Goder (andy.goder(AT)gmail.com), Dec 08 2006
a(n+3) = A000110(n) * A000217(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} A285362(n,k) is the sum of the entries in all set partitions of [n]. - Alois P. Heinz, Apr 16 2017

			a(5)=6 because the partitions of {1,2,3,4,5} with 2 detached pairs of consecutive integers are 145/23,125/34,1245/3,12/34/5,12/3/45,1/23/45.

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 4..577
A. O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations, IJMMS 2005:3 (2005), 451-463.
W. Rand, Objective criteria for the evaluation of clustering methods, J. Amer. Stat. Assoc., 66 (336): 846-850, 1971.

Cf. A000110, A000217, A052889, A105479, A105489, A105484, A271023, A285362.

seq(binomial(n-2,2)*combinat[bell](n-3),n=4..28);

a[n_] := Binomial[n-2, 2]*BellB[n-3];
Table[a[n], {n, 4, 25}] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 11 2019 *)

a(n) = binomial(n-2, 2)*Bell(n-3), which is the case r = 2 in the general case of r pairs, d(n, r)=binomial(n-r, r)*Bell(n-r-1), which is the case t=2 of the general formula d(n, r, t)=binomial(n-r*(t-1), r)*B(n-r*(t-1)-1).

A105485 Number of partitions of {1...n} containing 3 strings of 3 consecutive integers, where each string is counted within a block and a string of more than 3 consecutive integers are counted three at a time.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 10, 44, 215, 1112, 6141, 35968, 222659, 1451770, 9939702, 71265036, 533744979, 4166533826, 33831424388, 285213338300, 2492259168784, 22538314947452, 210639529104328, 2031804667766532, 20203377516199587, 206861906112012524, 2178715175981722659

Offset: 5

Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 10 2005

nonn

			a(6)=2 because the partitions of {1,...,6} with 3 strings of 3 consecutive integers are 12345/6, 1/23456.

Augustine O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations, Int. J. Math and Math. Sc., 2005:3 (2005), 451-463.

Cf. A105482, A105484, A105489, A105493.

c := proc(n,k,r) option remember ; local j ; if r =0 then add(binomial(n-j,j)*combinat[stirling2](n-j-1,k-1),j=0..floor(n/2)) ; else if r <0 or r > n-k-1 then RETURN(0) fi ; if n <1 then RETURN(0) fi ; if k <1 then RETURN(0) fi ; RETURN( c(n-1,k-1,r)+(k-1)*c(n-1,k,r)+c(n-2,k-1,r)+(k-1)*c(n-2,k,r) +c(n-1,k,r-1)-c(n-2,k-1,r-1)-(k-1)*c(n-2,k,r-1) ) ; fi ; end: A105485 := proc(n) local k ; add(c(n,k,3),k=1..n) ; end: for n from 5 to 28 do printf("%d, ",A105485(n)) ; od ; # R. J. Mathar, Feb 20 2007

S2[_, -1] = 0;
S2[n_, k_] = StirlingS2[n, k];
c[n_, k_, r_] := c[n, k, r] = Which[r == 0, Sum[Binomial[n - j, j]*S2[n - j - 1, k - 1], {j, 0, Floor[n/2]}], r < 0 || r > n - k - 1, 0, n < 1, 0, k < 1, 0, True, c[n - 1, k - 1, r] + (k - 1)*c[n - 1, k, r] + c[n - 2, k - 1, r] + (k - 1)*c[n - 2, k, r] + c[n - 1, k, r - 1] - c[n - 2, k - 1, r - 1] - (k - 1)*c[n - 2, k, r - 1]];
A105485[n_] := Sum[c[n, k, 3], {k, 1, n}];
Table[A105485[n], {n, 5, 28}] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 10 2023, after R. J. Mathar *)

a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} c(n, k, 3), where c(n, k, 3) is the case r=3 of c(n, k, r) given by c(n, k, r)=c(n-1, k-1, r)+(k-1)c(n-1, k, r)+c(n-2, k-1, r)+(k-1)c(n-2, k, r)+c(n-1, k, r-1)-c(n-2, k-1, r-1)-(k-1)c(n-2, k, r-1), r=0, 1, .., n-k-1, k=1, 2, .., n-2r, c(n, k, 0) = Sum_{j= 0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-j, j)*S2(n-j-1, k-1).

More terms from R. J. Mathar, Feb 20 2007

A105490 Number of partitions of {1...n} containing 4 detached pairs of consecutive integers, i.e., partitions in which only 1- or 2-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block and there are exactly four 2-strings.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 75, 780, 7105, 61390, 521640, 4440870, 38271750, 335892150, 3012721855, 27672081437, 260577574530, 2516984551900, 24942738309860, 253566501600240, 2643729700672284, 28259635983501165, 309569087038701420

Offset: 8

Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 10 2005

Number of partitions enumerated by A105481 in which the maximal length of consecutive integers in a block is 2.

With offset 4t, number of partitions of {1...N} containing 4 detached strings of t consecutive integers, where N = n + 4j, t = 2 + j, j = 0, 1, 2, ..., i.e., partitions of {1,...,N} in which only v-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block, where v=1 or v=t and there are exactly four t-strings.

			a(8) = 5 because the partitions of {1,...,8} with 4 detached pairs of consecutive integers are 1256/3478, 1256/34/78, 12/3478/56, 1278/34/56, 12/34/56/78.

A. O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations, Int. J. Math and Math. Sc. 2005, no. 3 (2005), 451-463.

Cf. A105481, A105489, A105491, A105486.

seq(binomial(n-4, 4)*combinat[bell](n-5), n=8..28);
with(combinat): a:=n->sum(numbcomb(n-5, 3)*bell(n-5)/4, j=0..n-5): seq(a(n), n=8..28); # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 25 2007

a(n) = binomial(n-4, 4)*Bell(n-5), which is the case r=4 in the general case of r pairs, d(n,r) = binomial(n-r, r)*Bell(n-r-1), which is the case t=2 of the general formula d(n,r,t) = binomial(n-r*(t-1), r)*Bell(n-r*(t-1)-1).

A105493 Number of partitions of {1,...,n} containing 3 strings of 3 consecutive integers such that only v-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block, where v = 1,2,3.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 20, 170, 1340, 10375, 80652, 636990, 5143740, 42613980, 362863600, 3178544754, 28650249848

Offset: 9

Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 11 2005

Partitions enumerated by A105485 in which the maximal length of consecutive integers in a block is 3.

			a(9)=2, the enumerated partitions are 123/789/456, 123/456/789.

A. O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations, Int. J. Math and Math. Sc. 2005, no. 3 (2005), 451-463

A. O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations,IJMMS 2005:3 (2005), 451-463.

Cf. A105485, A105489, A105492.

a(n)=Sum(w(n, k, 3), k=1...n), where w(n, k, 3) is the case r=3 of w(n, k, r) given by w(m, k, r)=w(m-1, k-1, r)+(k-1)w(m-1, k, r)+w(m-2, k-1, r)+(k-1)w(m-2, k, r) +w(m-3, k-1, r-1)+(k-1)w(m-3, k, r-1) r=0, 1, ..., floor(n/3), k=1, 2, ..., n-2r, w(n, k, 0)=sum(binomial(n-j, j)*S2(n-j-1, k-1), j=0..floor(n/2)).

A105483 Number of partitions of {1...n} containing one string of 3 consecutive integers, counted within a block.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 8, 32, 141, 672, 3451, 18962, 110882, 686866, 4489422, 30853656, 222276063, 1674067342, 13149209956, 107481488424, 912490408782, 8031867965568, 73181346933680, 689194657064660, 6699707386510583, 67143409071264516, 692926011957479445, 7356058078964945382

Offset: 3

Augustine O. Munagi, Apr 10 2005

nonn

			a(5) = 8 because the partitions of {1,2,3,4,5} with one 3-string of consecutive integers are 1235/4, 1345/2, 15/234, 123/45, 12/345, 123/4/5, 1/234/5, 1/2/345.

Augustine O. Munagi, Set Partitions with Successions and Separations, Int. J. Math and Math. Sc. 2005:3 (2005), 451-463.

Cf. A105484, A105489, A105493.

c := proc(n,k,r) option remember ; local j ; if r =0 then add(binomial(n-j,j)*combinat[stirling2](n-j-1,k-1),j=0..floor(n/2)) ; else if r <0 or r > n-k-1 then RETURN(0) fi ; if n <1 then RETURN(0) fi ; if k <1 then RETURN(0) fi ; RETURN( c(n-1,k-1,r)+(k-1)*c(n-1,k,r)+c(n-2,k-1,r)+(k-1)*c(n-2,k,r) +c(n-1,k,r-1)-c(n-2,k-1,r-1)-(k-1)*c(n-2,k,r-1) ) ; fi ; end: A105483 := proc(n) local k ; add(c(n,k,1),k=1..n) ; end: for n from 3 to 26 do printf("%d, ",A105483(n)) ; od ; # R. J. Mathar, Feb 20 2007

S2[_, -1] = 0;
S2[n_, k_] = StirlingS2[n, k];
c [n_, k_, r_] := c[n, k, r] = Which[r == 0, Sum[Binomial[n - j, j]*S2[n - j - 1, k - 1], {j, 0, Floor[n/2]}], r < 0 || r > n - k - 1, 0, n < 1, 0, k < 1, 0, True, c[n - 1, k - 1, r] + (k - 1)*c[n - 1, k, r] + c[n - 2, k - 1, r] + (k - 1)*c[n - 2, k, r] + c[n - 1, k, r - 1] - c[n - 2, k - 1, r - 1] - (k - 1)*c[n - 2, k, r - 1]];
A105483[n_] := Sum[c[n, k, 1], {k, 1, n}];
Table[A105483[n], {n, 3, 26}] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 10 2023, after R. J. Mathar *)

a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} c(n, k, 1), where c(n, k, 1) is the case r=1 of c(n, k, r) given by c(n, k, r)=c(n-1, k-1, r)+(k-1)c(n-1, k, r)+c(n-2, k-1, r)+(k-1)c(n-2, k, r)+c(n-1, k, r-1)-c(n-2, k-1, r-1)-(k-1)c(n-2, k, r-1), r=0, 1, .., n-k-1, k=1, 2, .., n-2r, c(n, k, 0) = Sum_{0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-j, j)*S2(n-j-1, k-1).

More terms from R. J. Mathar, Feb 20 2007

cp's OEIS Frontend

A000071 a(n) = Fibonacci(n) - 1.

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A077868 Expansion of 1/((1-x)*(1-x-x^3)).

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A105479 a(n) = C(n,2)*Bell(n-2) (cf. A000217, A000110).

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A105488 Number of partitions of {1...n} containing 2 detached pairs of consecutive integers, i.e., partitions in which only 1- or 2-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block and there are exactly two 2-strings.

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A105485 Number of partitions of {1...n} containing 3 strings of 3 consecutive integers, where each string is counted within a block and a string of more than 3 consecutive integers are counted three at a time.

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A105490 Number of partitions of {1...n} containing 4 detached pairs of consecutive integers, i.e., partitions in which only 1- or 2-strings of consecutive integers can appear in a block and there are exactly four 2-strings.

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