cp's OEIS Frontend

Sometimes erroneously called "Lossnitsch's triangle". But the author's name is Losanitsch (I have seen the original paper in Chem. Ber.). This is a German version of the Serbian name Lozanic. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 29 2008

For n >= 3, a(n-3,k) is the number of series-reduced (or homeomorphically irreducible) trees which become a path P(k+1) on k+1 nodes, k >= 0, when all leaves are omitted (see illustration). Proof by Pólya's enumeration theorem. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 08 2001

The number of ways to put beads of two colors in a line, but take symmetry into consideration, so that 011 and 110 are considered the same. - Yong Kong (ykong(AT)nus.edu.sg), Jan 04 2005

Alternating row sums are 1,0,1,0,2,0,4,0,8,0,16,0,... - Gerald McGarvey, Oct 20 2008

The triangle sums, see A180662 for their definitions, link Losanitsch's triangle A034851 with several sequences, see the crossrefs. We observe that the Ze3 and Ze4 sums link Losanitsch's triangle with A005683, i.e., R. K. Guy's Twopins game. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 14 2011

T(n-(L-1)k, k) is the number of ways to cover an n-length line by exactly k L-length segments excluding symmetric covers. For L=2 it is corresponds to A102541, for L=3 to A228570 and for L=4 to A228572. - Philipp O. Tsvetkov, Nov 08 2013

Also the number of equivalence classes of ways of placing k 1 X 1 tiles in an n X 1 rectangle under all symmetry operations of the rectangle. - Christopher Hunt Gribble, Feb 16 2014

T(n, k) is the number of non-isomorphic outer planar graphs of order n+3, size n+3+k, and maximum degree k+2. - Christian Barrientos, Oct 18 2018

From Álvar Ibeas, Jun 01 2020: (Start)

T(n, k) is the sum of even-degree coefficients of the Gaussian polynomial [n, k]_q. The area below a NE lattice path between (0,0) and (k, n-k) is even for T(n, k) paths and odd for A034852(n, k) of them.

For a (non-reversible) string of k black and n-k white beads, consider the minimum number of bead transpositions needed to place the black ones to the left and the white ones to the right (in other words, the number of inversions of the permutation obtained by labeling the black beads by integers 1,...,k and the white ones by k+1,...,n, in the same order they take on the string). It is even for T(n, k) strings and odd for A034852(n, k) cases.

(End)

Named after the Serbian chemist, politician and diplomat Simeon Milivoje "Sima" Lozanić (1847-1935). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 10 2021

T(n, k) is the number of caterpillars with a perfect matching, with 2n+2 vertices and diameter 2n-1-k. - Christian Barrientos, Sep 12 2023

Coefficients of the (left, normalized) shifted cyclotomic polynomial. Or, coefficients of the basic n-th q-series for q=-2. Indeed, let Y_n(x) = Sum_{k=0..n} x^k, having as roots all the n-th roots of unity except for 0; then coefficients in x of (-1)^n Y_n(-x-1) give exactly the n-th row of A059260 and a practical way to compute it. - Olivier Gérard, Jul 30 2002

The maximum in the (2n)-th row is T(n,n), which is A026641; also T(n,n) ~ (2/3)*binomial(2n,n). The maximum in the (2n-1)-th row is T(n-1,n), which is A014300 (but T does not have the same definition as in A026637); also T(n-1,n) ~ (1/3)*binomial(2n,n). Here is a generalization of the formula given in A026641: T(i,j) = Sum_{k=0..j} binomial(i+k-x,j-k)*binomial(j-k+x,k) for all x real (the proof is easy by induction on i+j using T(i,j) = T(i-1,j) + T(i,j-1)). - Claude Morin, May 21 2002

The second greatest term in the (2n)-th row is T(n-1,n+1), which is A014301; the second greatest term in the (2n+1)-th row is T(n+1,n) = 2*T(n-1,n+1), which is 2*A014301. - Claude Morin

Diagonal sums give A008346. - Paul Barry, Sep 23 2004

Riordan array (1/(1-x^2), x/(1-x)). As a product of Riordan arrays, factors into the product of (1/(1+x),x) and (1/(1-x),1/(1-x)) (binomial matrix). - Paul Barry, Oct 25 2004

Signed version is A239473 with relations to partial sums of sequences. - Tom Copeland, Mar 24 2014

From Robert Coquereaux, Oct 01 2014: (Start)

Columns of the triangle (cf. Example below) give alternate partial sums along nw-se diagonals of the Pascal triangle, i.e., sequences A000035, A004526, A002620 (or A087811), A002623 (or A173196), A001752, A001753, A001769, A001779, A001780, A001781, A001786, A001808, etc.

The dimension of the space of closed currents (distributional forms) of degree p on Gr(n), the Grassmann algebra with n generators, equivalently, the dimension of the space of Gr(n)-valued symmetric multilinear forms with vanishing graded divergence, is V(n,p) = 2^n T(p,n-1) - (-1)^p.

If p is odd V(n,p) is also the dimension of the cyclic cohomology group of order p of the Z2 graded algebra Gr(n).

If p is even the dimension of this cohomology group is V(n,p)+1.

Cf. A193844. (End)

From Peter Bala, Feb 07 2024: (Start)

The following remarks assume the row indexing starts at n = 1.

The sequence of row polynomials R(n,x), beginning R(1,x) = 1, R(2,x) = x, R(3,x) = 1 + x + x^2 , ..., is a strong divisibility sequence of polynomials in the ring Z[x]; that is, for all positive integers n and m, poly_gcd( R(n,x), R(m,x)) = R(gcd(n, m), x) - apply Norfleet (2005), Theorem 3. Consequently, the polynomial sequence {R(n,x): n >= 1} is a divisibility sequence; that is, if n divides m then R(n,x) divides R(m,x) in Z[x]. (End)

From Miquel A. Fiol, Oct 04 2024: (Start)

For j>=1, T(i,j) is the independence number of the (i-j)-supertoken graph FF_(i-j)(S_j) of the star graph S_j with j points.

(Given a graph G on n vertices and an integer k>=1, the k-supertoken (or reduced k-th power) FF_k(G) of G has vertices representing configurations of k indistinguishable tokens in the (not necessarily different) vertices of G, with two configurations being adjacent if one can be obtained from the other by moving one token along an edge. See an example below.)

Following the suggestion of Peter Munn, the k-supertoken graph FF_k(S_j) can also be defined as follows: Consider the Lattice graph L(k,j), whose vertices are the k^j j-vectors with elements in the set {0,..,k-1}, two being adjacent if they differ in just one coordinate by one unity. Then, FF_k(S_j) is the subgraph of L(k+1,j) induced by the vertices at distance at most k from (0,..,0). (End)

Row n is symmetric if and only if n mod 4 in {0,3} (or if T(n,n) = 1).

The atomic numbers of the augmented alkaline earth group in Charles Janet's spiral periodic table are 0 and the first eight terms of this sequence (see Stewart reference). - Alonso del Arte, May 13 2011

Maximum number of 123 patterns in an alternating permutation of length n+3. - Lara Pudwell, Jun 09 2019

Partial sums of the rows of A136564.

Equals A000217 (1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ...) convolved with A193356 (1, 0, 3, 0, 5, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 16 2009

F(1,4,n) is the number of bracelets with 1 blue, 4 red and n black beads. If F(1,4,1)=3 and F(1,4,2)=9 taken as a base;

F(1,4,n) = n(n+1)(n+2)/6+F(1,2,n) + F(1,4,n-2). [F(1,2,n) is the number of bracelets with 1 blue, 2 red and n black beads. If F(1,2,1)=2 and F(1,2,2)=4 taken as a base F(1,2,n)=n+1+F(1,2,n-2)]. - Ata Aydin Uslu and Hamdi G. Ozmenekse, Jan 11 2012

a(A254338(n)) = 6 for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 27 2015

Row sums of A136564, limiting values of A138107. - Benoit Jubin, May 13 2008

Euler transform of A137975. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 31 2017

Alternating sum of row n equals A175254(n), i.e., Sum_{k=1..A003056(n)} (-1)^(k-1)*T(n,k) = A175254(n), which is also the volume (or the total number of units cubes) in the first n levels of the stepped pyramid described in A245092.

Row n has length A003056(n) hence the first element of column k is in row A000217(k).

a(n) = A000030(A254143(n));

also initial digits of A254323: a(n) = A000030(A254323(n)).

all terms are of the form u*v mod 10, where u <= v and belonging to {1,3,4,6,7}, the distinct elements of A254397:

length of k-th run of consecutive 1s = A005993(k-2), k > 1;

length of k-th run of consecutive 2s = k*(k+1)/2 = A000217(k), k >= 1;

length of k-th run of consecutive 3s = k+1, k >= 1;

length of k-th run of consecutive 4s = A065033(k-1);

n with a(n) = 4: A237424(n) = (10^a+10^b+1)/3 with b = 0, see also A093137, A133384;

n with a(n) = 6: A237424(n) = (10^a+10^b+1)/3 with a = b; A005994(a(n)) = 6 for n > 1; see also A199682;

Also number of partitions of n objects of 2 colors into k parts, each part containing at least one black object.