A131198 -id:A131198 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001263 Triangle of Narayana numbers T(n,k) = C(n-1,k-1)*C(n,k-1)/k with 1 <= k <= n, read by rows. Also called the Catalan triangle.

1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 6, 6, 1, 1, 10, 20, 10, 1, 1, 15, 50, 50, 15, 1, 1, 21, 105, 175, 105, 21, 1, 1, 28, 196, 490, 490, 196, 28, 1, 1, 36, 336, 1176, 1764, 1176, 336, 36, 1, 1, 45, 540, 2520, 5292, 5292, 2520, 540, 45, 1, 1, 55, 825, 4950, 13860, 19404, 13860, 4950, 825

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Number of antichains (or order ideals) in the poset 2*(k-1)*(n-k) or plane partitions with rows <= k-1, columns <= n-k and entries <= 2. - Mitch Harris, Jul 15 2000
T(n,k) is the number of Dyck n-paths with exactly k peaks. a(n,k) = number of pairs (P,Q) of lattice paths from (0,0) to (k,n+1-k), each consisting of unit steps East or North, such that P lies strictly above Q except at the endpoints. - David Callan, Mar 23 2004
Number of permutations of [n] which avoid-132 and have k-1 descents. - Mike Zabrocki, Aug 26 2004
T(n,k) is the number of paths through n panes of glass, entering and leaving from one side, of length 2n with k reflections (where traversing one pane of glass is the unit length). - Mitch Harris, Jul 06 2006
Antidiagonal sums given by A004148 (without first term).
T(n,k) is the number of full binary trees with n internal nodes and k-1 jumps. In the preorder traversal of a full binary tree, any transition from a node at a deeper level to a node on a strictly higher level is called a jump. - Emeric Deutsch, Jan 18 2007
From Gary W. Adamson, Oct 22 2007: (Start)
The n-th row can be generated by the following operation using an ascending row of (n-1) triangular terms, (A) and a descending row, (B); e.g., row 6:
  A: 1....3....6....10....15
  B: 15...10....6.....3.....1
  C: 1...15...50....50....15....1 = row 6.
Leftmost column of A,B -> first two terms of C; then followed by the operation B*C/A of current column = next term of row C, (e.g., 10*15/3 = 50). Continuing with the operation, we get row 6: (1, 15, 50, 50, 15, 1). (End)
The previous comment can be upgraded to: The ConvOffsStoT transform of the triangular series; and by rows, row 6 is the ConvOffs transform of (1, 3, 6, 10, 15). Refer to triangle A117401 as another example of the ConvOffsStoT transform, and OEIS under Maple Transforms. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 09 2012
For a connection to Lagrange inversion, see A134264. - Tom Copeland, Aug 15 2008
T(n,k) is also the number of order-decreasing and order-preserving mappings (of an n-element set) of height k (height of a mapping is the cardinal of its image set). - Abdullahi Umar, Aug 21 2008
Row n of this triangle is the h-vector of the simplicial complex dual to an associahedron of type A_n [Fomin & Reading, p.60]. See A033282 for the corresponding array of f-vectors for associahedra of type A_n. See A008459 and A145903 for the h-vectors for associahedra of type B and type D respectively. The Hilbert transform of this triangle (see A145905 for the definition of this transform) is A145904. - Peter Bala, Oct 27 2008
T(n,k) is also the number of noncrossing set partitions of [n] into k blocks. Given a partition P of the set {1,2,...,n}, a crossing in P are four integers [a, b, c, d] with 1 <= a < b < c < d <= n for which a, c are together in a block, and b, d are together in a different block. A noncrossing partition is a partition with no crossings. - Peter Luschny, Apr 29 2011
Noncrossing set partitions are also called genus 0 partitions. In terms of genus-dependent Stirling numbers of the second kind S2(n,k,g) that count partitions of genus g of an n-set into k nonempty subsets, one has T(n,k) = S2(n,k,0). - Robert Coquereaux, Feb 15 2024
Diagonals of A089732 are rows of A001263. - Tom Copeland, May 14 2012
From Peter Bala, Aug 07 2013: (Start)
Let E(y) = Sum_{n >= 0} y^n/(n!*(n+1)!) = 1/sqrt(y)*BesselI(1,2*sqrt(y)). Then this triangle is the generalized Riordan array (E(y), y) with respect to the sequence n!*(n+1)! as defined in Wang and Wang.
Generating function E(y)*E(x*y) = 1 + (1 + x)*y/(1!*2!) + (1 + 3*x + x^2)*y^2/(2!*3!) + (1 + 6*x + 6*x^2 + x^3)*y^3/(3!*4!) + .... Cf. A105278 with a generating function exp(y)*E(x*y).
The n-th power of this array has a generating function E(y)^n*E(x*y). In particular, the matrix inverse A103364 has a generating function E(x*y)/E(y). (End)
T(n,k) is the number of nonintersecting n arches above the x axis, starting and ending on vertices 1 to 2n, with k being the number of arches starting on an odd vertice and ending on a higher even vertice. Example: T(3,2)=3  [16,25,34] [14,23,56] [12,36,45]. - Roger Ford, Jun 14 2014
Fomin and Reading on p. 31 state that the rows of the Narayana matrix are the h-vectors of the associahedra as well as its dual. - Tom Copeland, Jun 27 2017
The row polynomials P(n, x) = Sum_{k=1..n} T(n, k)*x^(k-1), together with P(0, x) = 1, multiplied by (n+1) are the numerator polynomials of the o.g.f.s of the diagonal sequences of the triangle A103371: G(n, x) = (n+1)*P(n, x)/(1 - x)^{2*n+1}, for n >= 0. This is proved with Lagrange's theorem applied to the Riordan triangle A135278 = (1/(1 - x)^2, x/(1 - x)). See an example below. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 31 2017
T(n,k) is the number of Dyck paths of semilength n with k-1 uu-blocks (pairs of consecutive up-steps). - Alexander Burstein, Jun 22 2020
In case you were searching for Narayama numbers, the correct spelling is Narayana. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 11 2020
Named after the Canadian mathematician Tadepalli Venkata Narayana (1930-1987). They were also called "Runyon numbers" after John P. Runyon (1922-2013) of Bell Telephone Laboratories, who used them in a study of a telephone traffic system. - Amiram Eldar, Apr 15 2021 The Narayana numbers were first studied by Percy Alexander MacMahon (see reference, Article 495) as pointed out by Bóna and Sagan (see link). - Peter Luschny, Apr 28 2022
From Andrea Arlette España, Nov 14 2022: (Start)
T(n,k) is the degree distribution of the paths towards synchronization in the transition diagram associated with the Laplacian system over the complete graph K_n, corresponding to ordered initial conditions x_1 < x_2 < ... < x_n.
T(n,k) for n=2N+1 and k=N+1 is the number of states in the transition diagram associated with the Laplacian system over the complete bipartite graph K_{N,N}, corresponding to ordered (x_1 < x_2 < ... < x_N and x_{N+1} < x_{N+2} < ... < x_{2N}) and balanced (Sum_{i=1..N} x_i/N = Sum_{i=N+1..2N} x_i/N) initial conditions. (End)
From Gus Wiseman, Jan 23 2023: (Start)
Also the number of unlabeled ordered rooted trees with n nodes and k leaves. See the link by Marko Riedel. For example, row n = 5 counts the following trees:
  ((((o))))  (((o))o)  ((o)oo)  (oooo)
             (((o)o))  ((oo)o)
             (((oo)))  ((ooo))
             ((o)(o))  (o(o)o)
             ((o(o)))  (o(oo))
             (o((o)))  (oo(o))
The unordered version is A055277. Leaves in standard ordered trees are counted by A358371. (End)

			The initial rows of the triangle are:
  [1] 1
  [2] 1,  1
  [3] 1,  3,   1
  [4] 1,  6,   6,    1
  [5] 1, 10,  20,   10,    1
  [6] 1, 15,  50,   50,   15,    1
  [7] 1, 21, 105,  175,  105,   21,   1
  [8] 1, 28, 196,  490,  490,  196,  28,  1
  [9] 1, 36, 336, 1176, 1764, 1176, 336, 36, 1;
  ...
For all n, 12...n (1 block) and 1|2|3|...|n (n blocks) are noncrossing set partitions.
Example of umbral representation:
  A007318(5,k)=[1,5/1,5*4/(2*1),...,1]=(1,5,10,10,5,1),
  so A001263(5,k)={1,b(5)/b(1),b(5)*b(4)/[b(2)*b(1)],...,1}
  = [1,30/2,30*20/(6*2),...,1]=(1,15,50,50,15,1).
  First = last term = b.(5!)/[b.(0!)*b.(5!)]= 1. - _Tom Copeland_, Sep 21 2011
Row polynomials and diagonal sequences of A103371: n = 4,  P(4, x) = 1 + 6*x + 6*x^2 + x^3, and the o.g.f. of fifth diagonal is G(4, x) = 5* P(4, x)/(1 - x)^9, namely [5, 75, 525, ...]. See a comment above. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jul 31 2017

Berman and Koehler, Cardinalities of finite distributive lattices, Mitteilungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar Giessen, 121 (1976), pp. 103-124.
Miklos Bona, editor, Handbook of Enumerative Combinatorics, CRC Press, 2015, page 196.
P. A. MacMahon, Combinatory Analysis, Vols. 1 and 2, Cambridge University Press, 1915, 1916; reprinted by Chelsea, 1960, Sect. 495.
T. V. Narayana, Lattice Path Combinatorics with Statistical Applications. Univ. Toronto Press, 1979, pp. 100-101.
A. Nkwanta, Lattice paths and RNA secondary structures, in African Americans in Mathematics, ed. N. Dean, Amer. Math. Soc., 1997, pp. 137-147.
T. K. Petersen, Eulerian Numbers, Birkhäuser, 2015, Chapter 2.
J. Riordan, Combinatorial Identities, Wiley, 1968, p. 17.
R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 2, 1999; see Problem 6.36(a) and (b).

T. D. Noe, Rows n=1..100 of triangle, flattened
M. Aigner, Enumeration via ballot numbers, Discrete Math., 308 (2008), 2544-2563.
Per Alexandersson, Svante Linusson, Samu Potka, and Joakim Uhlin, Refined Catalan and Narayana cyclic sieving, arXiv:2010.11157 [math.CO], 2020.
N. Alexeev and A. Tikhomirov, Singular Values Distribution of Squares of Elliptic Random Matrices and type-B Narayana Polynomials, arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.04615 [math.PR], 2015.
Jarod Alper and Rowan Rowlands, Syzygies of the apolar ideals of the determinant and permanent, arXiv:1709.09286 [math.AC], 2017.
C. Athanasiadis and C. Savvidou, The local h-vector of the cluster subdivision of a simplex, arXiv:1204.0362 [math.CO], 2012, p. 8, Lemma 2.4 A_n. [_Tom Copeland_, Oct 19 2014]
Arvind Ayyer, Matthieu Josuat-Vergès, and Sanjay Ramassamy, Extensions of partial cyclic orders and consecutive coordinate polytopes, arXiv:1803.10351 [math.CO], 2018.
Axel Bacher, Antonio Bernini, Luca Ferrari, Benjamin Gunby, Renzo Pinzani, and Julian West, The Dyck pattern poset, Discrete Math. 321 (2014), 12--23. MR3154009.
Jean Luc Baril, Rigoberto Flórez, and José L. Ramirez, Generalized Narayana arrays, restricted Dyck paths, and related bijections, Univ. Bourgogne (France, 2025). See p. 2.
Jean-Luc Baril, Pamela E. Harris, Kimberly J. Harry, Matt McClinton, and José L. Ramírez, Enumerating runs, valleys, and peaks in Catalan words, arXiv:2404.05672 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 5.
Jean-Luc Baril and Sergey Kirgizov, The pure descent statistic on permutations, Preprint, 2016.
M. Barnabei, F. Bonetti, and M. Silmbani, Two Permutation Classes Enumerated by the Central Binomial Coefficients, J. Int. Seq. 16 (2013) #13.3.8.
Marilena Barnabei, Flavio Bonetti, and Niccolò Castronuovo, Motzkin and Catalan Tunnel Polynomials, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 21 (2018), Article 18.8.8.
Paul Barry, On Integer-Sequence-Based Constructions of Generalized Pascal Triangles, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 9 (2006), Article 06.2.4.
Paul Barry, On a Generalization of the Narayana Triangle, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.4.5.
Paul Barry, Riordan arrays, generalized Narayana triangles, and series reversion, Linear Algebra and its Applications, 491 (2016) 343-385.
Paul Barry, Jacobsthal Decompositions of Pascal's Triangle, Ternary Trees, and Alternating Sign Matrices, Journal of Integer Sequences, 19, 2016, #16.3.5.
Paul Barry, Three Études on a sequence transformation pipeline, arXiv:1803.06408 [math.CO], 2018.
Paul Barry, The Gamma-Vectors of Pascal-like Triangles Defined by Riordan Arrays, arXiv:1804.05027 [math.CO], 2018.
Paul Barry, On the f-Matrices of Pascal-like Triangles Defined by Riordan Arrays, arXiv:1805.02274 [math.CO], 2018.
Paul Barry, On a Central Transform of Integer Sequences, arXiv:2004.04577 [math.CO], 2020.
Paul Barry, On the inversion of Riordan arrays, arXiv:2101.06713 [math.CO], 2021.
Paul Barry and A. Hennessy, A Note on Narayana Triangles and Related Polynomials, Riordan Arrays, and MIMO Capacity Calculations, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011), Article 11.3.8.
Paul Barry and Aoife Hennessy, Generalized Narayana Polynomials, Riordan Arrays, and Lattice Paths, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 (2012), Article 12.4.8.
C. Bean, M. Tannock, and H. Ulfarsson, Pattern avoiding permutations and independent sets in graphs, arXiv:1512.08155 [math.CO], 2015.
S. Benchekroun and P. Moszkowski, A bijective proof of an enumerative property of legal bracketings Discrete Math. 176 (1997), no. 1-3, 273-277.
Carl M. Bender and Gerald V. Dunne, Polynomials and operator orderings, J. Math. Phys. 29 (1988), 1727-1731.
J. Berman and P. Koehler, Cardinalities of finite distributive lattices, Mitteilungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar Giessen, 121 (1976), 103-124. [Annotated scanned copy]
A. Bernini, L. Ferrari, R. Pinzani, and J. West, The Dyck pattern poset, arXiv:1303.3785 [math.CO], 2013.
Aubrey Blecher, Charlotte Brennan, Arnold Knopfmacher, and Toufik Mansour, The perimeter of words, Discrete Mathematics, 340, no. 10 (2017): 2456-2465.
Miklós Bóna and Bruce E. Sagan, On divisibility of Narayana numbers by primes, arXiv:math/0505382 [math.CO], 2005.
Miklós Bóna and Bruce E. Sagan, On Divisibility of Narayana Numbers by Primes, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.2.4.
N. Borie, Combinatorics of simple marked mesh patterns in 132-avoiding permutations, arXiv:1311.6292 [math.CO], 2013.
J. M. Borwein, A short walk can be beautiful, 2015.
Jonathan M. Borwein, Armin Straub, and Christophe Vignat, Densities of short uniform random walks, Part II: Higher dimensions, Preprint, 2015.
Jasper Bown, Peter Kagey, Alan Kappler, Michael E. Orrison, and Jayden Thadani, Preference-restricted parking functions, arXiv:2507.11701 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 16.
Kevin Buchin, Man-Kwun Chiu, Stefan Felsner, Günter Rote, and André Schulz, The Number of Convex Polyominoes with Given Height and Width, arXiv:1903.01095 [math.CO], 2019.
Michael Bukata, Ryan Kulwicki, Nicholas Lewandowski, Lara Pudwell, Jacob Roth, and Teresa Wheeland, Distributions of Statistics over Pattern-Avoiding Permutations, arXiv:1812.07112 [math.CO], 2018.
Alexander Burstein, Distribution of peak heights modulo k and double descents on k-Dyck paths, arXiv:2009.00760 [math.CO], 2020.
Steve Butler, Kimberly Hadaway, Victoria Lenius, Preston Martens, and Marshall Moats, Lucky cars and lucky spots in parking functions, arXiv:2412.07873 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 12.
D. Callan, T. Mansour, and M. Shattuck, Restricted ascent sequences and Catalan numbers, arXiv:1403.6933 [math.CO], 2014.
L. Carlitz, and John Riordan, Enumeration of some two-line arrays by extent. J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. A 10 1971 271--283. MR0274301(43 #66). (Coefficients of the polynomials A_n(z) defined in (3.9)).
Ricky X. F. Chen and Christian M. Reidys, A Combinatorial Identity Concerning Plane Colored Trees and its Applications, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 20 (2017), Article 17.3.7.
Xi Chen, H. Liang, and Y. Wang, Total positivity of recursive matrices, Linear Algebra and its Applications, Volume 471, 15 April 2015, Pages 383-393.
Xi Chen, H. Liang, and Y. Wang, Total positivity of recursive matrices, arXiv:1601.05645 [math.CO], 2016.
Johann Cigler, Some remarks and conjectures related to lattice paths in strips along the x-axis, arXiv:1501.04750 [math.CO], 2015-2016.
Tom Copeland, Generators, Inversion, and Matrix, Binomial, and Integral Transforms, 2015.
Robert Coquereaux and Jean-Bernard Zuber, Counting partitions by genus. A compendium of results, arXiv:2305.01100 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 7.
Robert Coquereaux and Jean-Bernard Zuber, Counting partitions by genus: a compendium of results, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 27 (2024), Article 24.2.6. See p. 12.
R. Cori and G. Hetyei, Counting genus one partitions and permutations, arXiv:1306.4628 [math.CO], 2013.
R. Cori and G. Hetyei, How to count genus one partitions, FPSAC 2014, Chicago, Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DMTCS), Nancy, France, 2014, 333-344.
R. De Castro, A. L. Ramírez, and J. L. Ramírez, Applications in Enumerative Combinatorics of Infinite Weighted Automata and Graphs, arXiv:1310.2449 [cs.DM], 2013.
Colin Defant, Counting 3-Stack-Sortable Permutations, arXiv:1903.09138 [math.CO], 2019.
Yun Ding and Rosena R. X. Du, Counting Humps in Motzkin paths, arXiv:1109.2661 [math.CO], 2011.
T. Doslic, Handshakes across a (round) table, JIS 13 (2010) #10.2.7.
T. Doslic, D. Svrtan, and D. Veljan, Enumerative aspects of secondary structures, Discr. Math., 285 (2004), 67-82.
D. Drake, Bijections from Weighted Dyck Paths to Schröder Paths, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010) # 10.9.2.
Jennifer Elder, Nadia Lafrenière, Erin McNicholas, Jessica Striker, and Amanda Welch, Toggling, rowmotion, and homomesy on interval-closed sets, arXiv:2307.08520 [math.CO], 2023.
Sergi Elizalde, Johnny Rivera Jr., and Yan Zhuang, Counting pattern-avoiding permutations by big descents, arXiv:2408.15111 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 18.
A. España, X. Leoncini, and E. Ugalde, Combinatorics of the paths towards synchronization, arXiv:2205.05948 [math.DS], 2022.
L. Ferrari and E. Munarini, Enumeration of Edges in Some Lattices of Paths, J. Int. Seq. 17 (2014) #14.1.5.
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The number of peaks of a Dyck path, The number of double rises of a Dyck path, The number of valleys of a Dyck path, The number of left oriented leafs except the first one of a binary tree, The number of left tunnels of a Dyck path.
T. A. Fisher, A Caldero-Chapoton map depending on a torsion class, arXiv:1510.07484 [math.RT], 2015-2016.
P. Flajolet and R. Sedgewick, Analytic Combinatorics, 2009; see page 182.
S. Fomin and N. Reading, Root systems and generalized associahedra, Lecture notes for IAS/Park-City 2004.
Alessandra Frabetti, Simplicial properties of the set of planar binary trees, Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 13, 41-65 (2001).
Samuele Giraudo, Intervals of balanced binary trees in the Tamari lattice, arXiv:1107.3472 [math.CO], 2011.
Samuele Giraudo, Tree series and pattern avoidance in syntax trees, arXiv:1903.00677 [math.CO], 2019.
R. L. Graham and J. Riordan, The solution of a certain recurrence, Amer. Math. Monthly 73, 1966, pp. 604-608.
R. K. Guy, Catwalks, sandsteps and Pascal pyramids, J. Integer Sequences, Vol. 3 (2000), Article #00.1.6.
Kevin G. Hare and Ghislain McKay, Some properties of even moments of uniform random walks, arXiv:1506.01313 [math.CO], 2015.
F. Hivert, J.-C. Novelli, and J.-Y. Thibon, Commutative combinatorial Hopf algebras, arXiv:math/0605262 [math.CO], 2006.
H. E. Hoggatt, Jr., Triangular Numbers, Fibonacci Quarterly 12 (Oct. 1974), 221-230.
F. K. Hwang and C. L. Mallows, Enumerating nested and consecutive partitions, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 70 (1995), no. 2, 323-333.
M. Hyatt and J. Remmel, The classification of 231-avoiding permutations by descents and maximum drop, arXiv:1208.1052 [math.CO], 2012.
Matthieu Josuat-Verges, A q-analog of Schläfli and Gould identities on Stirling numbers, Ramanujan J 46, 483-507 (2018); arXiv preprint, 2016.
S. Kamioka, Laurent biorthogonal polynomials, q-Narayana polynomials and domino tilings of the Aztec diamonds, arXiv:1309.0268 [math.CO], 2013.
Thomas Koshy, Illustration of triangle with dark color for odd number, light for even number [Although the illustration says "Applet", this is simply a plain jpeg file]
Vladimir Kostov and Boris Shapiro, Narayana numbers and Schur-Szego composition, arXiv:0804.1028 [math.CA], 2008.
W. Krandick, Trees and jumps and real roots, J. Computational and Applied Math., 162, 2004, 51-55.
G. Kreweras, Sur les éventails de segments, Cahiers du Bureau Universitaire de Recherche Opérationnelle, Institut de Statistique, Université de Paris, #15 (1970), 3-41. [Annotated scanned copy]
G. Kreweras, Traitement simultané du "Problème de Young" et du "Problème de Simon Newcomb", Cahiers du Bureau Universitaire de Recherche Opérationnelle. Institut de Statistique, Université de Paris, 10 (1967), 23-31.
G. Kreweras, Traitement simultané du "Problème de Young" et du "Problème de Simon Newcomb", Cahiers du Bureau Universitaire de Recherche Opérationnelle. Institut de Statistique, Université de Paris, 10 (1967), 23-31. [Annotated scanned copy]
G. Kreweras, Sur les éventails de segments, Cahiers du Bureau Universitaire de Recherche Opérationnelle, Institut de Statistique, Université de Paris, #15 (1970), 3-41.
G. Kreweras, Les préordres totaux compatibles avec un ordre partiel, Math. Sci. Humaines No. 53 (1976), 5-30.
G. Kreweras, Les préordres totaux compatibles avec un ordre partiel, Math. Sci. Humaines No. 53 (1976), 5-30. (Annotated scanned copy)
G. Kreweras, and P. Moszkowski, A new enumerative property of the Narayana numbers, Journal of statistical planning and inference 14.1 (1986): 63-67.
Nate Kube and Frank Ruskey, Sequences That Satisfy a(n-a(n))=0, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.5.5.
A. Laradji and A. Umar, Combinatorial Results for Semigroups of Order-Decreasing Partial Transformations, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 7 (2004), Article 04.3.8.
A. Laradji and A. Umar, On certain finite semigroups of order-decreasing transformations I, Semigroup Forum 69 (2004), 184-200.
Elżbieta Liszewska and Wojciech Młotkowski, Some relatives of the Catalan sequence, arXiv:1907.10725 [math.CO], 2019.
Amya Luo, Pattern Avoidance in Nonnesting Permutations, Undergraduate Thesis, Dartmouth College (2024). See p. 16.
Feihu Liu, Guoce Xin, and Chen Zhang, Ehrhart Polynomials of Order Polytopes: Interpreting Combinatorial Sequences on the OEIS, arXiv:2412.18744 [math.CO], 2024. See pp. 26-27.
P. A. MacMahon, Combinatory analysis.
K. Manes, A. Sapounakis, I. Tasoulas, and P. Tsikouras, Nonleft peaks in Dyck paths: a combinatorial approach, Discrete Math., 337 (2014), 97-105.
Toufik Mansour and Reza Rastegar, On typical triangulations of a convex n-gon, arXiv:1911.04025 [math.CO], 2019.
Toufik Mansour, Reza Rastegar, Alexander Roitershtein, and Gökhan Yıldırım, The longest increasing subsequence in involutions avoiding 3412 and another pattern, arXiv:2001.10030 [math.CO], 2020.
Toufik Mansour and Mark Shattuck, Pattern-avoiding set partitions and Catalan numbers, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 18(2) (2012), #P34.
Toufik Mansour and Gökhan Yıldırım, Permutations avoiding 312 and another pattern, Chebyshev polynomials and longest increasing subsequences, arXiv:1808.05430 [math.CO], 2018.
A. Marco and J.-J. Martinez, A total positivity property of the Marchenko-Pastur Law, Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra, Volume 30 (2015), #7, pp. 106-117.
MathOverflow, Narayana polynomials as numerator polynomials for Ehrhart series rational functions?, a MO question posed by Tom Copeland and answered by Richard Stanley, 2017.
D. Merlini, R. Sprugnoli, and M. C. Verri, Waiting patterns for a printer, Discrete Applied Mathematics, Volume 144, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 359-373.
A. Micheli and D. Rossin, Edit distance between unlabeled ordered trees, arXiv:math/0506538 [math.CO], 2005.
T. V. Narayana, Sur les treillis formés par les partitions d'un entier et leurs applications à la théorie des probabilités, Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, Vol. 240 (1955), p. 1188-1189.
J.-C. Novelli and J.-Y. Thibon, Polynomial realizations of some trialgebras, arXiv:math/0605061 [math.CO], 2006; Proc. Formal Power Series and Algebraic Combinatorics 2006 (San-Diego, 2006).
J.-C. Novelli and J.-Y. Thibon, Hopf algebras and dendriform structures arising from parking functions, Fundamenta Mathematicae 193 (2007), pp. 189-241; arXiv version, 0511200 [math.CO], 2005.
J.-C. Novelli and J.-Y. Thibon, Hopf Algebras of m-permutations,(m+1)-ary trees, and m-parking functions, arXiv:1403.5962 [math.CO], 2014. See Fig. 4.
Judy-anne Osborn, Bi-banded paths, a bijection and the Narayana numbers, Australasian Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 48 (2010), Pages 243-252.
T. K. Petersen, Chapter 2. Narayana numbers. In: Eulerian Numbers. Birkhäuser Basel, 2015. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3091-3.
Vincent Pilaud and V. Pons, Permutrees, arXiv:1606.09643 [math.CO], 2016-2017.
Lara Pudwell, On the distribution of peaks (and other statistics), 16th International Conference on Permutation Patterns, Dartmouth College, 2018. [Broken link]
Dun Qiu and Jeffery Remmel, Patterns in words of ordered set partitions, arXiv:1804.07087 [math.CO], 2018.
Marko Riedel, Mathematics Stack Exchange, Narayana numbers count unlabeled ordered rooted trees on n nodes having k leaves, proof.
A. Sapounakis, I. Tasoulas, and P. Tsikouras, Counting strings in Dyck paths, Discrete Math., 307 (2007), 2909-2924.
Paul R. F. Schumacher, Descents in Parking Functions, J. Int. Seq. 21 (2018), #18.2.3.
M. Sheppeard, Constructive motives and scattering 2013 (p. 41). [_Tom Copeland_, Oct 03 2014]
R. P. Stanley, Theory and application of plane partitions, II. Studies in Appl. Math. 50 (1971), p. 259-279. DOI:10.1002/sapm1971503259. Thm. 18.1.
R. A. Sulanke, Moments, Narayana numbers and the cut and paste for lattice paths
R. A. Sulanke, Three-dimensional Narayana and Schröder numbers
R. A. Sulanke, Catalan path statistics having the Narayana distribution, Discrete Math., vol. 180 (1998), 369--389. [Gives additional contexts where Narayana numbers appear. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Nov 11 2020]
A. Umar, Some combinatorial problems in the theory of symmetric ..., Algebra Disc. Math. 9 (2010) 115-126.
W. Wang and T. Wang, Generalized Riordan arrays, Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 308, No. 24, 6466-6500.
Yi Wang and Arthur L.B. Yang, Total positivity of Narayana matrices, arXiv:1702.07822 [math.CO], 2017.
Tad White, Quota Trees, arXiv:2401.01462 [math.CO], 2024. See pp. 19-20.
Wikipedia, Noncrossing partition
L. K. Williams, Enumeration of totally positive Grassmann cells, arXiv:math/0307271 [math.CO], 2003-2004.
Anthony James Wood, Nonequilibrium steady states from a random-walk perspective, Ph. D. Thesis, The University of Edinburgh (Scotland, UK 2019), 44-46.
Anthony J. Wood, Richard A. Blythe, and Martin R. Evans, Combinatorial mappings of exclusion processes, arXiv:1908.00942 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2019.
J. Wuttke, The zig-zag walk with scattering and absorption on the real half line and in a lattice model, J. Phys. A 47 (2014), 215203, 1-9.
F. Yano and H. Yoshida, Some set partition statistics in non-crossing partitions and generating functions, Discr. Math., 307 (2007), 3147-3160.
James J. Y. Zhao, On the positive zeros of generalized Narayana polynomials related to the Boros-Moll polynomials, arXiv:2108.03590 [math.CO], 2021.

Other versions are in A090181 and A131198. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 18 2007
Cf. variants: A181143, A181144. - Paul D. Hanna, Oct 13 2010
Row sums give A000108 (Catalan numbers), n>0.
Columns give A000217, A002415, A006542, A006857, A108679. A084938.
Cf. A000372, A002083, A056932, A056939, A056940, A056941, A065329, A073345.
A145596, A145597, A145598, A145599. - Peter Bala, Oct 22 2008
A008459 (h-vectors type B associahedra), A033282 (f-vectors type A associahedra), A145903 (h-vectors type D associahedra), A145904 (Hilbert transform). - Peter Bala, Oct 27 2008
Cf. A016098 and A189232 for numbers of crossing set partitions.
Cf. A243752.
Cf. A089231, A103371, A135278.
Cf. A002378, A007318, A010790, A089732, A105278, A119900, A132710, A134264.
Triangles of generalized binomial coefficients (n,k)_m (or generalized Pascal triangles) for m = 1,...,12: A007318 (Pascal), A001263, A056939, A056940, A056941, A142465, A142467, A142468, A174109, A342889, A342890, A342891.
Cf. A000081, A005043, A032027, A055277, A358371.

Flat(List([1..11],n->List([1..n],k->Binomial(n-1,k-1)*Binomial(n,k-1)/k))); # Muniru A Asiru, Jul 12 2018

a001263 n k = a001263_tabl !! (n-1) !! (k-1)
a001263_row n = a001263_tabl !! (n-1)
a001263_tabl = zipWith dt a007318_tabl (tail a007318_tabl) where
   dt us vs = zipWith (-) (zipWith (*) us (tail vs))
                          (zipWith (*) (tail us ++ [0]) (init vs))
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 10 2013

/* triangle */ [[Binomial(n-1,k-1)*Binomial(n,k-1)/k : k in [1..n]]: n in [1.. 15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 19 2014

A001263 := (n,k)->binomial(n-1,k-1)*binomial(n,k-1)/k;
a:=proc(n,k) option remember; local i; if k=1 or k=n then 1 else add(binomial(n+i-1, 2*k-2)*a(k-1,i),i=1..k-1); fi; end:
# Alternatively, as a (0,0)-based triangle:
R := n -> simplify(hypergeom([-n, -n-1], [2], x)): Trow := n -> seq(coeff(R(n,x),x,j), j=0..n): seq(Trow(n), n=0..9); # Peter Luschny, Mar 19 2018

T[n_, k_] := If[k==0, 0, Binomial[n-1, k-1] Binomial[n, k-1] / k];
Flatten[Table[Binomial[n-1,k-1] Binomial[n,k-1]/k,{n,15},{k,n}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 29 2012 *)
TRow[n_] := CoefficientList[Hypergeometric2F1[1 - n, -n, 2, x], x];
Table[TRow[n], {n, 1, 11}] // Flatten (* Peter Luschny, Mar 19 2018 *)
aot[n_]:=If[n==1,{{}},Join@@Table[Tuples[aot/@c],{c,Join@@Permutations/@IntegerPartitions[n-1]}]];
Table[Length[Select[aot[n],Length[Position[#,{}]]==k&]],{n,2,9},{k,1,n-1}] (* Gus Wiseman, Jan 23 2023 *)
T[1, 1] := 1; T[n_, k_]/;1<=k<=n := T[n, k] = (2n/k-1) T[n-1,k-1] + T[n-1, k]; T[n_, k_] := 0; Flatten@Table[T[n, k], {n, 1, 11}, {k, 1, n}] (* Oliver Seipel, Dec 31 2024 *)

{a(n, k) = if(k==0, 0, binomial(n-1, k-1) * binomial(n, k-1) / k)};

{T(n,k)=polcoeff(polcoeff(exp(sum(m=1,n,sum(j=0,m,binomial(m,j)^2*y^j)*x^m/m) +O(x^(n+1))),n,x),k,y)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Oct 13 2010

@CachedFunction
def T(n, k):
    if k == n or k == 1: return 1
    if k <= 0 or k > n: return 0
    return binomial(n, 2) * (T(n-1, k)/((n-k)*(n-k+1)) + T(n-1, k-1)/(k*(k-1)))
for n in (1..9): print([T(n, k) for k in (1..n)])  # Peter Luschny, Oct 28 2014

a(n, k) = C(n-1, k-1)*C(n, k-1)/k for k!=0; a(n, 0)=0.
Triangle equals [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...] where DELTA is Deléham's operator defined in A084938.
0Mike Zabrocki, Aug 26 2004
T(n, k) = C(n, k)*C(n-1, k-1) - C(n, k-1)*C(n-1, k) (determinant of a 2 X 2 subarray of Pascal's triangle A007318). - Gerald McGarvey, Feb 24 2005
T(n, k) = binomial(n-1, k-1)^2 - binomial(n-1, k)*binomial(n-1, k-2). - David Callan, Nov 02 2005
a(n,k) = C(n,2) (a(n-1,k)/((n-k)*(n-k+1)) + a(n-1,k-1)/(k*(k-1))) a(n,k) = C(n,k)*C(n,k-1)/n. - Mitch Harris, Jul 06 2006
Central column = A000891, (2n)!*(2n+1)! / (n!*(n+1)!)^2. - Zerinvary Lajos, Oct 29 2006
G.f.: (1-x*(1+y)-sqrt((1-x*(1+y))^2-4*y*x^2))/(2*x) = Sum_{n>0, k>0} a(n, k)*x^n*y^k.
From Peter Bala, Oct 22 2008: (Start)
Relation with Jacobi polynomials of parameter (1,1):
Row n+1 generating polynomial equals 1/(n+1)*x*(1-x)^n*Jacobi_P(n,1,1,(1+x)/(1-x)). It follows that the zeros of the Narayana polynomials are all real and nonpositive, as noted above. O.g.f for column k+2: 1/(k+1) * y^(k+2)/(1-y)^(k+3) * Jacobi_P(k,1,1,(1+y)/(1-y)). Cf. A008459.
T(n+1,k) is the number of walks of n unit steps on the square lattice (i.e., each step in the direction either up (U), down (D), right (R) or left (L)) starting from the origin and finishing at lattice points on the x axis and which remain in the upper half-plane y >= 0 [Guy]. For example, T(4,3) = 6 counts the six walks RRL, LRR, RLR, UDL, URD and RUD, from the origin to the lattice point (1,0), each of 3 steps. Compare with tables A145596 - A145599.
Define a functional I on formal power series of the form f(x) = 1 + ax + bx^2 + ... by the following iterative process. Define inductively f^(1)(x) = f(x) and f^(n+1)(x) = f(x*f^(n)(x)) for n >= 1. Then set I(f(x)) = lim_{n -> infinity} f^(n)(x) in the x-adic topology on the ring of formal power series; the operator I may also be defined by I(f(x)) := 1/x*series reversion of x/f(x).
The o.g.f. for this array is I(1 + t*x + t*x^2 + t*x^3 + ...) = 1 + t*x + (t + t^2)*x^2 + (t + 3*t^2 + t^3)*x^3 + ... = 1/(1 - x*t/(1 - x/(1 - x*t/(1 - x/(1 - ...))))) (as a continued fraction). Cf. A108767, A132081 and A141618. (End)
G.f.: 1/(1-x-xy-x^2y/(1-x-xy-x^2y/(1-... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Sep 28 2010
E.g.f.: exp((1+y)x)*Bessel_I(1,2*sqrt(y)x)/(sqrt(y)*x). - Paul Barry, Sep 28 2010
G.f.: A(x,y) = exp( Sum_{n>=1} [Sum_{k=0..n} C(n,k)^2*y^k] * x^n/n ). - Paul D. Hanna, Oct 13 2010
With F(x,t) = (1-(1+t)*x-sqrt(1-2*(1+t)*x+((t-1)*x)^2))/(2*x) an o.g.f. in x for the Narayana polynomials in t, G(x,t) = x/(t+(1+t)*x+x^2) is the compositional inverse in x. Consequently, with H(x,t) = 1/ (dG(x,t)/dx) = (t+(1+t)*x+x^2)^2 / (t-x^2), the n-th Narayana polynomial in t is given by (1/n!)*((H(x,t)*D_x)^n)x evaluated at x=0, i.e., F(x,t) = exp(x*H(u,t)*D_u)u, evaluated at u = 0. Also, dF(x,t)/dx = H(F(x,t),t). - Tom Copeland, Sep 04 2011
With offset 0, A001263 = Sum_{j>=0} A132710^j / A010790(j), a normalized Bessel fct. May be represented as the Pascal matrix A007318, n!/[(n-k)!*k!], umbralized with b(n)=A002378(n) for n>0 and b(0)=1: A001263(n,k)= b.(n!)/{b.[(n-k)!]*b.(k!)} where b.(n!) = b(n)*b(n-1)...*b(0), a generalized factorial (see example). - Tom Copeland, Sep 21 2011
With F(x,t) = {1-(1-t)*x-sqrt[1-2*(1+t)*x+[(t-1)*x]^2]}/2 a shifted o.g.f. in x for the Narayana polynomials in t, G(x,t)= x/[t-1+1/(1-x)] is the compositional inverse in x. Therefore, with H(x,t)=1/(dG(x,t)/dx)=[t-1+1/(1-x)]^2/{t-[x/(1-x)]^2}, (see A119900), the (n-1)-th Narayana polynomial in t is given by (1/n!)*((H(x,t)*d/dx)^n)x evaluated at x=0, i.e., F(x,t) = exp(x*H(u,t)*d/du) u, evaluated at u = 0. Also, dF(x,t)/dx = H(F(x,t),t). - Tom Copeland, Sep 30 2011
T(n,k) = binomial(n-1,k-1)*binomial(n+1,k)-binomial(n,k-1)*binomial(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 05 2011
A166360(n-k) = T(n,k) mod 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 10 2013
Damped sum of a column, in leading order: lim_{d->0} d^(2k-1) Sum_{N>=k} T(N,k)(1-d)^N=Catalan(n). - Joachim Wuttke, Sep 11 2014
Multiplying the n-th column by n! generates the revert of the unsigned Lah numbers, A089231. - Tom Copeland, Jan 07 2016
Row polynomials: (x - 1)^(n+1)*(P(n+1,(1 + x)/(x - 1)) - P(n-1,(1 + x)/(x - 1)))/((4*n + 2)), n = 1,2,... and where P(n,x) denotes the n-th Legendre polynomial. - Peter Bala, Mar 03 2017
The coefficients of the row polynomials R(n, x) = hypergeom([-n,-n-1], [2], x) generate the triangle based in (0,0). - Peter Luschny, Mar 19 2018
Multiplying the n-th diagonal by n!, with the main diagonal n=1, generates the Lah matrix A105278. With G equal to the infinitesimal generator of A132710, the Narayana triangle equals Sum_{n >= 0} G^n/((n+1)!*n!) = (sqrt(G))^(-1) * I_1(2*sqrt(G)), where G^0 is the identity matrix and I_1(x) is the modified Bessel function of the first kind of order 1. (cf. Sep 21 2011 formula also.) - Tom Copeland, Sep 23 2020
T(n,k) = T(n,k-1)*C(n-k+2,2)/C(k,2). - Yuchun Ji, Dec 21 2020
From Sergii Voloshyn, Nov 25 2024: (Start)
G.f.: F(x,y) = (1-x*(1+y)-sqrt((1-x*(1+y))^2-4*y*x^2))/(2*x) is the solution of the differential equation x^3 * d^2(x*F(x,y))/dx^2 = y * d^2(x*F(x,y))/dy^2.
Let E be the operator x*D*D, where D denotes the derivative operator d/dx. Then (1/(n! (1 + n)!))  * E^n(x/(1 - x)) = (row n generating polynomial)/(1 - x)^(2*n+1) = Sum_{k >= 0}  C(n-1, k-1)*C(n, k-1)/k*x^k. For example, when n = 4 we have (1/4!/5!)*E^3(x/(1 - x)) = x (1 + 6 x + 6 x^2 + x^3)/(1 - x)^9. (End)

Deleted certain dangerous or potentially dangerous links. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 30 2021

A004148 Generalized Catalan numbers: a(n+1) = a(n) + Sum_{k=1..n-1} a(k)*a(n-1-k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 17, 37, 82, 185, 423, 978, 2283, 5373, 12735, 30372, 72832, 175502, 424748, 1032004, 2516347, 6155441, 15101701, 37150472, 91618049, 226460893, 560954047, 1392251012, 3461824644, 8622571758, 21511212261, 53745962199, 134474581374

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Arises in enumerating secondary structures of RNA molecules. The 17 structures with 6 nucleotides are shown in the illustration (after Waterman, 1978).
Hankel transform is period 8 sequence [1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, ...] (A046980).
Enumerates peak-less Motzkin paths of length n. Example: a(5)=8 because we have HHHHH, HHUHD, HUHDH, HUHHD, UHDHH, UHHDH, UHHHD, UUHDD, where U=(1,1), D=(1,-1) and H=(1,0). - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 19 2003
Number of Dyck paths of semilength n-1 with no UUU's and no DDD's, where U=(1,1) and D=(1,-1) (n>0). - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 19 2003
For n >= 1, a(n) = number of dissections of an (n+2)-gon with strictly disjoint diagonals and no diagonal incident with the base. (One side of the (n+2)-gon is designated the base.) - David Callan, Mar 23 2004
For n >= 2, a(n-2)= number of UU-free Motzkin n-paths = number of DU-free Motzkin n-paths. - David Callan, Jul 15 2004
a(n) = number of UU-free Motzkin n-paths containing no low peaks (A low peak is a UD pair at ground level, i.e., whose removal would create a pair of Motzkin paths). For n >= 1, a(n) = number of UU-free Motzkin (n-1)-paths = number of DU-free Motzkin (n-1)-paths. a(n) is asymptotically ~ c n^(-3/2) (1 + phi)^n with c = 1.1043... and phi=(1+sqrt(5))/2. - David Callan, Jul 15 2004. In closed form, c = sqrt(30+14*sqrt(5))/(4*sqrt(Pi)) = 1.104365547309692849... - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 11 2013
a(n) = number of Dyck (n+1)-paths with all pyramid sizes >= 2. A pyramid is a maximal subpath of the form k upsteps immediately followed by k downsteps and its size is k. - David Callan, Oct 24 2004
a(n) = number of Dyck paths of semilength n+1 with no small pyramids (n >= 1). A pyramid is a maximal sequence of the form k Us followed by k Ds with k >= 1. A small pyramid is one with k=1. For example, a(4)=4 counts the following Dyck 5-paths (pyramids denoted by lowercase letters and separated by a vertical bar): uuuuuddddd, Uuudd|uuddD, uudd|uuuddd, uuuddd|uudd. - David Callan, Oct 25 2004
From Emeric Deutsch, Jan 08 2006: (Start)
a(n) = number of Motzkin paths of length n-1 with no peaks at level >= 1. Example: a(4)=4 because we have HHH, HUD, UDH and UHD, where U=(1,1), D=(1,-1) and H=(1,0).
a(n) = number of Motzkin paths of length n+1 with no level steps on the x-axis and no peaks at level >=1. Example: a(4)=4 because we have UHHHD, UHDUD, UDUHD and UUHDD, where U=(1,1), D=(1,-1) and H=(1,0).
a(n) = number of Dyck paths of length 2n having no ascents and descents of even length. An ascent (descent) is a maximal sequence of up (down) steps. Example: a(4)=4 because we have UDUDUDUD, UDUUUDDD, UUUDDDUD and UUUDUDDD, where U=(1,1), D=(1,-1) and H=(1,0).
a(n) = number of Dyck paths of length 2n having ascents only of length 1 or 2 and having no peaks of the form UUDD. An ascent is a maximal sequence of up steps. Example: a(4)=4 because we have UDUDUDUD, UDUUDUDD, UUDUDDUD and UUDUDUDD, where U=(1,1), D=(1,-1) and H=(1,0).
a(n) = number of noncrossing partitions of [n+1] having no singletons and in each block the two leftmost points are of the form i,i+1. Example: a(4)=4 because we have 12345, 12/345, 123/45 and 125/34; the noncrossing partition 145/23 does not satisfy the requirements because 1 and 4 are not consecutive.
a(n) = number of noncrossing partitions of [n+1] with no singletons, except possibly the block /1/ and no blocks of the form /i,i+1/, except possibly the block /1,2/. Example: a(4)=4 because we have 12345, 1/2345, 12/345 and 15/234.
(End)
a(n+1) = [1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 17, 37, ...] gives the antidiagonal sums of triangle of Narayana, A001263. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 21 2006
a(n) = number of Dyck (n+1)-paths with no UDUs and no DUDs. For example, a(4)=4 counts UUUUUDDDDD, UUUDDUUDDD, UUDDUUUDDD, UUUDDDUUDD. - David Callan, May 08 2007
a(n) is also the number of Dyck paths of semilength n without height of peaks and valleys 2(mod 3). - Majun (majun(AT)math.sinica.edu.tw), Nov 29 2008
G.f. of a(n+1) is 1/(1-x-x^2-x^3/(1-x-x^2-x^3/(1-... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, May 20 2009
A Chebyshev transform of the Motzkin numbers A001006: g.f. is the image of (1-x-(1-2x-3x^2)^(1/2))/(2x^2) under the mapping that takes g(x) to (1/(1+x^2))g(x/(1+x^2)). - Paul Barry, Mar 10 2010
For n >= 1, the number of lattice paths of weight n -1 that start in (0,0), end on the horizontal axis and never go below this axis, whose steps are of the following four kinds: an (1,0)-step with weight 1, an (1,0)-step with weight 2, a (1,1)-step with weight 2, and  a (1,-1)-step with weight 1. The weight of a path is the sum of the weights of its steps. a(4)=4 because, denoting by h (H) the (1,0)-step of weight 1 (2), and u=(1,1), d=(1,-1), we have the following four paths of weight 3: hH, Hh, hhh, and ud. (See the g.f. C(x) on p. 295 of the Bona-Knopfmacher reference.)
From David Callan, Aug 27 2014: (Start)
a(n) = number of noncrossing partitions of [n] with all blocks of size 1 or 2 and no blocks of the form /i,i+1/. Example: a(4)=4 because we have 1234, 13/2/4, 14/2/3, and 1/24/3.
It appears that a(n) = number of permutations of [n] that avoid the three dashed patterns 123, 132, 24-13, and contain no small jumps (jumps of one unit). For example, a(4)=4 counts 3214, 3241, 4213, and 4321 but not 4312 because 12 is a small jump. (End)
Number of DU_{k}-equivalence classes of Łukasiewicz paths. Łukasiewicz paths are P-equivalent iff the positions of pattern P are identical in these paths. - Sergey Kirgizov, Apr 08 2018
a(n) is also the number of 3412-avoiding involutions on [n] with no transpositions of the form (i,i+1). For example, a(4)=4 counts the involutions 1234, 1432, 3214, 4231. - Juan B. Gil, May 23 2020
For n >= 2, a(n) equals the number of Dyck paths with air pockets of length n. A Dyck path with air pockets is a nonempty lattice path in the first quadrant of Z^2 starting at the origin, ending on the x-axis, and consisting of up-steps U = (1,1) and down-steps D_k = (1, -k), k >= 1, where two down-steps cannot be consecutive. For example, the only path of length 2 is UD_1; for length 3 we have UU_D2; for length 4 there are 2 paths: UUUD_3, UD_1UD_1; and for length 5 we have 4 paths: UUUUD_4, UUD_2UD_1, UD_1UUD_2, UUD_1UD_2. - Sergey Kirgizov, Dec 15 2022

			G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 4*x^4 + 8*x^5 + 17*x^6 + 37*x^7 + 82*x^8 + 185*x^9 + 432*x^10 + ...
Det([1]) = 1, Det([1, 1; 1, 1]) = 0, Det([1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 2; 1, 2, 4]) = -1. - _Michael Somos_, May 12 2022

A. Nkwanta, Lattice paths and RNA secondary structures, DIMACS Series in Discrete Math. and Theoretical Computer Science, 34, 1997, 137-147.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2404 (first 201 terms from T. D. Noe)
Andrei Asinowski, Axel Bacher, Cyril Banderier and Bernhard Gittenberger, Analytic Combinatorics of Lattice Paths with Forbidden Patterns: Enumerative Aspects, in International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications, S. Klein, C. Martín-Vide, D. Shapira (eds), Springer, Cham, pp 195-206, 2018.
Andrei Asinowski, Axel Bacher, Cyril Banderier and Bernhard Gittenberger, Analytic combinatorics of lattice paths with forbidden patterns, the vectorial kernel method, and generating functions for pushdown automata, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris Nord (LIPN 2019).
Andrei Asinowski, Cyril Banderier and Valerie Roitner, Generating functions for lattice paths with several forbidden patterns, (2019).
Sergey Avgustinovich, Sergey Kitaev and Alexander Valyuzhenich, Avoidance of boxed mesh patterns on permutations.
Jean Luc Baril, Rigoberto Flórez, and José L. Ramirez, Generalized Narayana arrays, restricted Dyck paths, and related bijections, Univ. Bourgogne (France, 2025). See pp. 22, 27.
Jean-Luc Baril, Sergey Kirgizov, Rémi Maréchal, and Vincent Vajnovszki, Grand Dyck paths with air pockets, arXiv:2211.04914 [math.CO], 2022.
Jean-Luc Baril, Sergey Kirgizov and Armen Petrossian, Enumeration of Łukasiewicz paths modulo some patterns, arXiv:1804.01293 [math.CO], 2018.
Jean-Luc Baril and José L. Ramírez, Knight's paths towards Catalan numbers, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté (2022).
Jean-Luc Baril and José Luis Ramírez, Descent distribution on Catalan words avoiding ordered pairs of Relations, arXiv:2302.12741 [math.CO], 2023.
Jean-Luc Baril and José L. Ramírez, Fibonacci and Catalan paths in a wall, 2023.
Paul Barry, On a Generalization of the Narayana Triangle, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.4.5.
Paul Barry, Jacobsthal Decompositions of Pascal's Triangle, Ternary Trees, and Alternating Sign Matrices, Journal of Integer Sequences, 19, 2016, #16.3.5.
Paul Barry, Riordan Pseudo-Involutions, Continued Fractions and Somos 4 Sequences, arXiv:1807.05794 [math.CO], 2018.
Paul Barry, Generalized Catalan recurrences, Riordan arrays, elliptic curves, and orthogonal polynomials, arXiv:1910.00875 [math.CO], 2019.
Paul Barry, Conjectures on Somos 4, 6 and 8 sequences using Riordan arrays and the Catalan numbers, arXiv:2211.12637 [math.CO], 2022.
Paul Barry, Aoife Hennessy and Nikolaos Pantelidis, Algebraic properties of Riordan subgroups, J Algebr Comb 53, 1015-1036 (2021).
Antonio Bernini, Matteo Cervetti, Luca Ferrari and Einar Steingrimsson, Enumerative combinatorics of intervals in the Dyck pattern poset, arXiv:1910.00299 [math.CO], 2019.
M. Bona and A. Knopfmacher, On the probability that certain compositions have the same number of parts, Ann. Comb., 14 (2010), 291-306.
A. J. Bu and Robert Dougherty-Bliss, Enumerating Restricted Dyck Paths with Context-Free Grammars, arXiv:2009.09061 [math.CO], 2020.
Alexander Burstein and Louis W. Shapiro, Pseudo-involutions in the Riordan group, arXiv:2112.11595 [math.CO], 2021.
Naiomi T. Cameron and Asamoah Nkwanta, On Some (Pseudo) Involutions in the Riordan Group, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.3.7.
Naiomi Cameron and Everett Sullivan, Peakless Motzkin paths with marked level steps at fixed height, Discrete Mathematics 344.1 (2021): 112154.
C. Coker, Enumerating a class of lattice paths, Discrete Math., 271 (2003), 13-28.
Emeric Deutsch and Sergi Elizalde, Restricted simsun permutations, Ann. Comb. 16, No. 2, 253-269 (2012).
Emeric Deutsch and L. W. Shapiro, A bijection between ordered trees and 2-Motzkin paths and its many consequences, Disc. Math. 256 (2002) 655-670.
R. Donaghey, Automorphisms on Catalan trees and bracketing, J. Combin. Theory, Series B, 29 (1980), 75-90.
Robert G. Donnelly, Molly W. Dunkum, Sasha V. Malone, and Alexandra Nance, Symmetric Fibonaccian distributive lattices and representations of the special linear Lie algebras, arXiv:2012.14991 [math.CO], 2020.
T. Doslic, D. Svrtan and D. Veljan, Enumerative aspects of secondary structures, Discr. Math., 285 (2004), 67-82.
Robert Dougherty-Bliss, Experimental Methods in Number Theory and Combinatorics, Ph. D. Dissertation, Rutgers Univ. (2024). See p. 96.
D. Drake, Bijections from Weighted Dyck Paths to Schröder Paths, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010) # 10.9.2.
Eric S. Egge and Kailee Rubin, Snow Leopard Permutations and Their Even and Odd Threads, arXiv:1508.05310 [math.CO], 2015.
S. B. Ekhad and M. Yang, Automated proofs of many conjectured recurrences in the OEIS made by R. J. Mathar, arXiv:1707.04654 (2017).
S. J. Evans, A. P. Veselov, and B. Winn, Quantum Kronecker fractions, arXiv:2410.15666 [math.NT], 2024. See p. 7.
Juan B. Gil and Luiz E. Lopez, Enumeration of symmetric arc diagrams, arXiv:2203.10589 [math.CO], 2022.
Guo-Niu Han and Emmanuel Pedon, Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants for q-deformed metallic numbers, arXiv:2502.05993 [math.NT], 2025. See p. 5.
Ivo L. Hofacker, Christian M. Reidys, and Peter F. Stadler, Symmetric circular matchings and RNA folding. Discr. Math., 312:100-112, 2012. See Eq. 27.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 421
Emma Y. Jin and Christian M. Reidys, Asymptotic Enumeration of RNA Structures with Pseudoknots, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 70 (2008), 951-970. See Eq. 22.
Shu-Chung Liu, Jun Ma and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Dyck Paths with Peak- and Valley-Avoiding Sets, Stud. Appl Math. 121 (3) (2008) 263-289. [From Majun (majun(AT)math.sinica.edu.tw), Nov 29 2008]
Sophie Morier-Genoud and Valentin Ovsienko, On q-deformed real numbers, arXiv:1908.04365 [math.QA], 2019.
Sophie Morier-Genoud and Valentin Ovsienko, Quantum real numbers and q-deformed Conway-Coxeter friezes, arXiv:2011.10809 [math.QA], 2020. See section 3.3. Mentions this sequence.
Sophie Morier-Genoud and Valentin Ovsienko, q-deformed rationals and irrationals, arXiv:2503.23834 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 13.
Emanuele Munarini and Norma Zagaglia Salvi, Binary strings without zigzags, Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire, B49h (2004), 15 pp.
A. Nkwanta and A. Tefera, Curious Relations and Identities Involving the Catalan Generating Function and Numbers, Journal of Integer Sequences, 16 (2013), #13.9.5.
Valentin Ovsienko, Modular invariant q-deformed numbers: first steps, 2023.
A. Panayotopoulos and P. Vlamos, Cutting Degree of Meanders, Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Volume 382, 2012, pp 480-489; DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-33412-2_49. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Dec 29 2012
Helmut Prodinger, Cornerless, peakless, valleyless Motzkin paths (regular and skew) and applications to bargraphs, arXiv:2501.13645 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 8.
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of a(6) = 17 (after Waterman, 1978).
P. R. Stein and M. S. Waterman, On some new sequences generalizing the Catalan and Motzkin numbers, Discrete Math., 26 (1978), 261-272.
P. R. Stein and M. S. Waterman, On some new sequences generalizing the Catalan and Motzkin numbers [Corrected annotated scanned copy]
M. Vauchassade de Chaumont and G. Viennot, Polynômes orthogonaux et problèmes d'énumération en biologie moléculaire, Sem. Loth. Comb. B08l (1984) 79-86.
M. S. Waterman, Home Page (contains copies of his papers)
M. S. Waterman, Secondary structure of single-stranded nucleic acids, Studies in Foundations and Combinatorics, Vol. 1, pp. 167-212, 1978.

Second row of A064645.
Cf. A000108, A001006, A088518, A051292 (lgf), A004149, A131198.
Cf. A046980 (Hankel transform).

a004148 n = a004148_list !! n
a004148_list = 1 : f [1] where
f xs'@(x:xs) = y : f (y : xs') where
y = x + sum (zipWith (*) xs $ reverse $ tail xs)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 13 2012

R:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), 35); Coefficients(R!( (1-x+x^2 - Sqrt(1-2*x-x^2-2*x^3+x^4))/(2*x^2) )); // G. C. Greubel, Dec 30 2019

w := proc(l) x - 1 - x^2*(1 - x^l)/(1-x) end:
S := proc(l) (-w(l) - sqrt(w(l)^2 - 4*x^2))/(2*x^2) end:
# S(0) is g.f. for Motzkin numbers A001006,
# S(1) is g.f. for this sequence,
# S(2) is g.f. for A004149, etc.

a[0]=1; a[n_Integer]:= a[n]= a[n-1]+Sum[a[k]*a[n-2-k], {k,n-2}]; Array[a, 35, 0]
CoefficientList[Series[(1-x+x^2-Sqrt[x^4-2x^3-x^2-2x+1])/(2x^2), {x,0,40}], x] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 09 2011 *)
a[n_]:= SeriesCoefficient[(1 -x +x^2 -Sqrt[1 -2x -x^2 -2x^3 +x^4])/(2x^2), {x, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 05 2014 *)
a[n_] := HypergeometricPFQ[{-n/2, (1-n)/2, (1-n)/2, 1-n/2}, {2, -n, -n + 1}, 16]; Array[a, 33, 0] (* Peter Luschny, Jan 25 2020 *)
Table[If[n==0,1, Sum[(Binomial[n-k,k+1]Binomial[n-k,k]/(n-k)), {k,0,n-1}]], {n,0,10}] (* Rigoberto Florez, Apr 17 2023 *)
CoefficientList[Nest[1+x(1-x) #+x^2 #^2 &, 1+O[x], 32], x](* Oliver Seipel, Dec 21 2024 *)

a(n):=coeff(taylor((1-x+x^2-sqrt(1-2*x-x^2-2*x^3+x^4))/(2*x^2),x,0,n),x, n); makelist(a(n),n,0,12); /* Emanuele Munarini, Jul 07 2001 */

{a(n) = polcoeff( (1 - x + x^2 - sqrt(1 - 2*x - x^2 + x^3 * (-2 + x + O(x^n)))) / 2, n + 2)}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 20 2003 */

a(n,m=1)=sum(k=0,n,sum(j=0,k,binomial(n-k+j+m,n-k)*m/(n-k+j+m)*binomial(n-k,k-j)*binomial(k-j,j))) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jun 26 2009

{a(n)=polcoeff(1+x*exp(sum(m=1,n,sum(k=0,m,binomial(m,k)^2*x^k)*x^m/m)+x*O(x^n)),n)} /* Paul D. Hanna, Mar 15 2011 */

{a(n)=local(A051292=1+(1-x^2)/sqrt((1-3*x+x^2)*(1+x+x^2) +x*O(x^n)));polcoeff(exp(sum(m=1,n,polcoeff(A051292,m)*x^m/m)+x*O(x^n)),n)} /* Paul D. Hanna, Mar 15 2011 */

{a(n) = my(A = 1 + O(x)); for(k=1, n, A = 1 - x / (x^2 - 1/A)); polcoeff( A, n)}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 05 2014 */

def A004148_list(prec):
    P = PowerSeriesRing(ZZ, 'x', prec)
    x = P.gen().O(prec)
    return ( (1-x+x^2 -sqrt(1-2*x-x^2-2*x^3+x^4))/(2*x^2) ).list()
A004148_list(35) # G. C. Greubel, Dec 30 2019

a(n+1) = a(n) + a(1)*a(n-2) + a(2)*a(n-3) + ... + a(n-1)*a(0).
G.f.: (1 - x + x^2 - sqrt(1 - 2*x - x^2 - 2*x^3 + x^4)) / (2*x^2). - Michael Somos, Jul 20 2003
G.f.: (1/z)*(1-C(-z/(1-3*z+z^2))), where C(z)=(1-sqrt(1-4*z))/(2*z) is the Catalan function. - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 19 2003
G.f.: 1 + F(x, x)/x, where F(x, t) is the g.f. of the Narayana numbers: xF^2 - (1-x-tx)F + tx = 0. - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 19 2003
G.f. A(x) satisfies the functional equation: x^2*A(x)^2 - (x^2 - x + 1)*A(x) + 1 = 0. - Michael Somos, Jul 20 2003
Series reversion of g.f. A(x) is -A(-x) (if offset 1). - Michael Somos, Jul 20 2003
a(n) = A088518(2n) + A088518(2n+1) - A088518(2n+2). - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 19 2003
a(n) = Sum_{k=ceiling((n+1)/2)..n} (binomial(k, n-k)*binomial(k, n-k+1)/k) for n >= 1. - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 12 2003 This formula counts (i) disjoint-diagonal dissections by number of diagonals, (ii) peak-less Motzkin paths by number of up steps, (iii) UUU- and DDD-free Dyck paths by number of ascents. - David Callan, Mar 23 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} A131198(n-k,k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 06 2007
G.f.: 1/(1-x/(1-x^2/(1-x/(1-x^2/(1-x/(1-x^2/(1-x... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Dec 08 2008
G.f.: 1/(1-x/(1-x(x-1)-x/(1-x(x-1)-x/(1-x(x-1)-x/(1-... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, May 16 2009
From Paul D. Hanna, Jun 26 2009: (Start)
Let A(x)^m = Sum_{n>=0} a(n,m)*x^n, then
a(n,m) = Sum_{k=0..n} Sum_{j=0..k} C(n-k+j+m,n-k)*m/(n-k+j+m) * C(n-k,k-j)*C(k-j,j).
(End)
From Paul Barry, Mar 10 2010: (Start)
G.f.: (1/(1+x^2))*M(x/(1+x^2)), M(x) the g.f. of the Motzkin numbers A001006;
G.f.: 1/(1-x+x^2-x^2/(1-x+x^2-x^2/(1-x+x^2-x^2/(1-x+x^2-x^2/(1-... (continued fraction).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} (-1)^k*C(n-k,k)*A001006(n-2*k). (End)
G.f.: 1 + x*exp( Sum_{n>=1} (x^n/n)*(Sum_{k=0..n} C(n,k)^2*x^k) ). - Paul D. Hanna, Mar 15 2011
G.f.: exp( Sum_{n>=1} A051292(n)*x^n/n ), where A051292(n) is a Whitney number of level n. - Paul D. Hanna, Mar 15 2011
Let the g.f. be A(x), then B(x)=(1+x*A(x)) = 1/(1-z/(1-z/(1-z/(...)))) where z=x/(1+x+x^2), B(x) = 1 +1*x + 1*x^2 +1*x^3 + 2*x^4 + 4*x^5 + ... is the g.f. of this sequence prepended with 1; more generally B(x) = C(x/(1+x+x^2)) where C(x) is the g.f. for the Catalan numbers (A000108). - Joerg Arndt, Mar 18 2011
D-finite with recurrence: (n+2)*a(n) - (2n+1)*a(n-1) + (1-n)*a(n-2) + (5-2n)*a(n-3) + (n-4)*a(n-4) = 0. - R. J. Mathar, Dec 01 2011. This recurrence follows from the Wilf-Zeilberger (WZ) proof technique applied to Sum_{k=ceiling((n+1)/2)..n} (binomial(k,n-k) * binomial(k,n-k+1)/k). - T. Amdeberhan, Jul 23 2012
Given g.f. A(x), then B(x) = x * A(x) satisfies B(x) = x + x*B(x) / (1 - x*B(x)). - Michael Somos, Jun 05 2014
G.f.: 1 - x / (x^2 - 1 / (1 - x / (x^2 - 1 / (1 - x / (x^2 - ...))))). - Michael Somos, Jun 05 2014
0 = a(n)*(a(n+1) - 5*a(n+2) - 4*a(n+3) - 11*a(n+4) + 7*a(n+5)) + a(n+1)*(a(n+1) + 6*a(n+2) + 12*a(n+3) + 11*a(n+4) - 11*a(n+5)) + a(n+2)*(-a(n+2) - 7*a(n+3) + 12*a(n+4) - 4*a(n+5)) + a(n+3)*(-a(n+3) + 6*a(n+4) - 5*a(n+5)) + a(n+4)*(a(n+4) + a(n+5)) if n >= -1. - Michael Somos, Jun 05 2014
a(n) = hypergeom([-n/2, (1 - n)/2, (1 - n)/2, 1 - n/2], [2, -n, -n + 1], 16). - Peter Luschny, Jan 25 2020
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} binomial(n-k,k+1)*binomial(n-k,k)/(n-k) for n > 0. - Rigoberto Florez, Apr 17 2023
a(n) ~ 5^(1/4) * phi^(2*n + 2) / (2 * sqrt(Pi) * n^(3/2)), where phi = A001622 is the golden ratio. - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 05 2023

A090181 Triangle of Narayana (A001263) with 0 <= k <= n, read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 1, 6, 6, 1, 0, 1, 10, 20, 10, 1, 0, 1, 15, 50, 50, 15, 1, 0, 1, 21, 105, 175, 105, 21, 1, 0, 1, 28, 196, 490, 490, 196, 28, 1, 0, 1, 36, 336, 1176, 1764, 1176, 336, 36, 1, 0, 1, 45, 540, 2520, 5292, 5292, 2520, 540, 45, 1, 0, 1, 55, 825, 4950, 13860

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Jan 19 2004

Number of Dyck n-paths with exactly k peaks. - Peter Luschny, May 10 2014

			Triangle starts:
[0] 1;
[1] 0, 1;
[2] 0, 1,  1;
[3] 0, 1,  3,   1;
[4] 0, 1,  6,   6,    1;
[5] 0, 1, 10,  20,   10,    1;
[6] 0, 1, 15,  50,   50,   15,    1;
[7] 0, 1, 21, 105,  175,  105,   21,   1;
[8] 0, 1, 28, 196,  490,  490,  196,  28,  1;
[9] 0, 1, 36, 336, 1176, 1764, 1176, 336, 36, 1;

Indranil Ghosh, Rows 0..100, flattened
Yu Hin Au, Some Properties and Combinatorial Implications of Weighted Small Schröder Numbers, arXiv:1912.00555 [math.CO], 2019.
Paul Barry, Continued fractions and transformations of integer sequences, JIS 12 (2009) 09.7.6.
Paul Barry, Invariant number triangles, eigentriangles and Somos-4 sequences, arXiv preprint arXiv:1107.5490 [math.CO], 2011.
Paul Barry, On a Generalization of the Narayana Triangle, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.4.5.
Paul Barry, On a transformation of Riordan moment sequences, arXiv:1802.03443 [math.CO], 2018.
Paul Barry, Three Études on a sequence transformation pipeline, arXiv:1803.06408 [math.CO], 2018.
Paul Barry, Riordan Pseudo-Involutions, Continued Fractions and Somos 4 Sequences, arXiv:1807.05794 [math.CO], 2018.
Paul Barry, Notes on Riordan arrays and lattice paths, arXiv:2504.09719 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 25, 29.
Paul Barry and Aoife Hennessy, A Note on Narayana Triangles and Related Polynomials, Riordan Arrays, and MIMO Capacity Calculations, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011), Article 11.3.8.
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The number of peaks of a Dyck path, The number of double rises of a Dyck path, The number of valleys of a Dyck path, The number of left oriented leafs except the first one of a binary tree, The number of left tunnels of a Dyck path
Aoife Hennessy, A Study of Riordan Arrays with Applications to Continued Fractions, Orthogonal Polynomials and Lattice Paths, Ph. D. Thesis, Waterford Institute of Technology, Oct. 2011.

Mirror image of triangle A131198. A000108 (row sums, Catalan).
Columns: A000217, A002415, A006542, A006857.
Cf. A001263, A084938, A243752.
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000007(n), A000108(n), A006318(n), A047891(n+1), A082298(n), A082301(n), A082302(n), A082305(n), A082366(n), A082367(n) for x=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 10 2006
Sum_{k=0..n} x^(n-k)*T(n,k) = A090192(n+1), A000012(n), A000108(n), A001003(n), A007564(n), A059231(n), A078009(n), A078018(n), A081178(n), A082147(n), A082181(n), A082148(n), A082173(n) for x = -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 21 2006
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k*(x-1)^(n-k) = A000012(n), A006318(n), A103210(n), A103211(n), A133305(n), A133306(n), A133307(n), A133308(n), A133309(n) for x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 20 2007

[[(&+[(-1)^(j-k)*Binomial(2*n-j,j)*Binomial(j,k)*Binomial(2*n-2*j,n-j)/(n-j+1): j in [0..n]]): k in [0..n]]: n in [0..10]];

A090181 := (n,k) -> binomial(n,n-k)*binomial(n-1,n-k)/(n-k+1):
seq(print( seq(A090181(n,k),k=0..n)),n=0..5); # Peter Luschny, May 10 2014
egf := 1+int((sqrt(t)*exp((1+t)*x)*BesselI(1,2*sqrt(t)*x))/x,x);
s := n -> n!*coeff(series(egf,x,n+2),x,n);
seq(print(seq(coeff(s(n),t,j),j=0..n)),n=0..9); # Peter Luschny, Oct 30 2014
T := proc(n, k) option remember; if k = n or k = 1 then 1 elif k < 1 then 0 else (2*n/k - 1) * T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-1, k) fi end:
for n from 0 to 8 do seq(T(n, k), k = 0..n) od;  # Peter Luschny, Dec 31 2024

Flatten[Table[Sum[(-1)^(j-k) * Binomial[2n-j,j] * Binomial[j,k] * CatalanNumber[n-j], {j, 0, n}], {n,0,11},{k,0,n}]] (* Indranil Ghosh, Mar 05 2017 *)
p[0, ] := 1; p[1, x] := x; p[n_, x_] := ((2 n - 1) (1 + x) p[n - 1, x] - (n - 2) (x - 1)^2 p[n - 2, x]) / (n + 1);
Table[CoefficientList[p[n, x], x], {n, 0, 9}] // TableForm (* Peter Luschny, Apr 26 2022 *)

c(n) = binomial(2*n,n)/ (n+1);
tabl(nn) = {for(n=0, nn, for(k=0, n, print1(sum(j=0, n, (-1)^(j-k) * binomial(2*n-j,j) * binomial(j,k) * c(n-j)),", ");); print(););};
tabl(11); \\ Indranil Ghosh, Mar 05 2017

from functools import cache
@cache
def Trow(n):
    if n == 0: return [1]
    if n == 1: return [0, 1]
    if n == 2: return [0, 1, 1]
    A = Trow(n - 2) + [0, 0]
    B = Trow(n - 1) + [1]
    for k in range(n - 1, 1, -1):
        B[k] = (((B[k] + B[k - 1]) * (2 * n - 1)
               - (A[k] - 2 * A[k - 1] + A[k - 2]) * (n - 2)) // (n + 1))
    return B
for n in range(10): print(Trow(n)) # Peter Luschny, May 02 2022

def A090181_row(n):
    U = [0]*(n+1)
    for d in DyckWords(n):
        U[d.number_of_peaks()] +=1
    return U
for n in range(8): A090181_row(n) # Peter Luschny, May 10 2014

Triangle T(n, k), read by rows, given by [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. T(0, 0) = 1, T(n, 0) = 0 for n>0, T(n, k) = C(n-1, k-1)*C(n, k-1)/k for k>0.
Sum_{j>=0} T(n,j)*binomial(j,k) = A060693(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, May 04 2007
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*10^k = A143749(n+1). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 14 2008
From Paul Barry, Nov 10 2008: (Start)
Coefficient array of the polynomials P(n,x) = x^n*2F1(-n,-n+1;2;1/x).
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n} (-1)^(j-k)*C(2n-j,j)*C(j,k)*A000108(n-j). (End)
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*5^k*3^(n-k) = A152601(n). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 10 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*(-2)^k = A152681(n); Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*(-1)^k = A105523(n). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 03 2009
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*2^(n+k) = A156017(n). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 27 2011
T(n, k) = C(n,n-k)*C(n-1,n-k)/(n-k+1). - Peter Luschny, May 10 2014
E.g.f.: 1+Integral((sqrt(t)*exp((1+t)*x)*BesselI(1,2*sqrt(t)*x))/x dx). - Peter Luschny, Oct 30 2014
G.f.: (1+x-x*y-sqrt((1-x*(1+y))^2-4*y*x^2))/(2*x). - Alois P. Heinz, Nov 28 2021, edited by Ron L.J. van den Burg, Dec 19 2021
T(n, k) = [x^k] (((2*n - 1)*(1 + x)*p(n-1, x) - (n - 2)*(x - 1)^2*p(n-2, x))/(n + 1)) with p(0, x) = 1 and p(1, x) = x. - Peter Luschny, Apr 26 2022
Recursion based on rows (see the Python program):
T(n, k) = (((B(k) + B(k-1))*(2*n - 1) - (A(k) - 2*A(k-1) + A(k-2))*(n-2))/(n+1)), where A(k) = T(n-2, k) and B(k) = T(n-1, k), for n >= 3. # Peter Luschny, May 02 2022

cp's OEIS Frontend

A373431 Triangle read by rows: Coefficients of the polynomials N(n, x) * EZ(n, x), where N denote the Narayana polynomials A131198 and EZ the Eulerian zig-zag polynomials A205497.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

A001263 Triangle of Narayana numbers T(n,k) = C(n-1,k-1)*C(n,k-1)/k with 1 <= k <= n, read by rows. Also called the Catalan triangle.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

GAP

Haskell

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

PARI

Sage

Formula

Extensions

A004148 Generalized Catalan numbers: a(n+1) = a(n) + Sum_{k=1..n-1} a(k)*a(n-1-k).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Haskell

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

Maxima

PARI

PARI

PARI

PARI

PARI

Sage

Formula

A090181 Triangle of Narayana (A001263) with 0 <= k <= n, read by rows.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Python

Sage

Formula

A133336 Triangle T(n,k), 0 <= k <= n, read by rows, given by [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,...] DELTA [0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Mathematica

A154825 Reversion of x(1-2x)/(1-3*x).

A152601 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n+k,2k)A000108(k)3^k*2^(n-k).