cp's OEIS Frontend

In general, for the recurrence a(n) = a(n-1)*a(n-2)/a(n-3), all terms are integers iff a(0) divides a(2) and first three terms are positive integers, since a(2n+k) = a(k)*(a(2)/a(0))^n for all nonnegative integers n and k.

Equals eigensequence of triangle A070909; (1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, ...) shifts to the left with multiplication by triangle A070909. - Gary W. Adamson, May 15 2010

The a(n) represent all paths of length (n+1), n >= 0, starting at the initial node on the path graph P_5, see the second Maple program. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 29 2010

a(n) is the difference between numbers of multiple of 3 evil (A001969) and odious (A000069) numbers in interval [0, 2^(n+1)). - Vladimir Shevelev, May 16 2012

A "half-geometric progression": to obtain a term (beginning with the third one) we multiply the before previous one by 3. - Vladimir Shevelev, May 21 2012

Pisano periods: 1, 2, 1, 4, 8, 2, 12, 4, 1, 8, 10, 4, 6, 12, 8, 8, 32, 2, 36, 8, ... . - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012

Numbers k such that the k-th cyclotomic polynomial has a root mod 3. - Eric M. Schmidt, Jul 31 2013

Range of row n of the circular Pascal array of order 6. - Shaun V. Ault, Jun 05 2014

Also, the number of walks of length n on the graph 0--1--2--3--4 starting at vertex 1. - Sean A. Irvine, Jun 03 2025

Number of bracelets of n beads using up to three different colors. - Robert A. Russell, Sep 24 2018

Number of periodic palindromes of length n using a maximum of k different symbols.

From Petros Hadjicostas, Sep 02 2018: (Start)

According to Christian Bower's theory of transforms, we have boxes of different sizes and different colors. The size of a box is determined by the number of balls it can hold. In this case, we assume all balls are the same and are unlabeled. Assume also that the number of possible colors a box with m balls can have is given by c(m). We place the boxes on a circle at equal distances from each other. Two configurations of boxes on the circle are considered equivalent if one can be obtained from the other by rotation. We are interested about circular configurations of boxes that are circular palindromes (i.e., necklaces with boxes that are the same when turned over). Let b(n) be the number of circularly palindromic configurations of boxes on a circle when the total number of balls in the boxes is n (and each box contains at least one ball).

Bower calls the sequence (b(n): n >= 1), the CPAL ("circular palindrome") transform of the input sequence (c(m): m >= 1). If the g.f. of the input sequence (c(m): m >= 1) is C(x) = Sum_{m>=1} c(m)*x^m, then the g.f. of the output sequence (b(n): n >= 1) is B(x) = Sum_{n >= 1} b(n)*x^n = (1 + C(x))^2/(2*(1 - C(x^2))) - 1/2.

In the current sequence, each box holds only one ball but can have one of k colors. Hence, c(1) = k but c(m) = 0 for m >= 2. Thus, C(x) = k*x. Then, for fixed k, the output sequence is (b(n): n >= 1) = (T(n, k): n >= 1), where T(n, k) = number of necklaces with n beads and k colors that are the same when turned over. If we let B_k(x) = Sum_{n>=1} T(n, k)*x^n, then B_k(x) = (1 + k*x)^2/(2*(1 - k*x^2)) - 1/2. From this, we can easily prove the formulae below.

Note that T(n, k=2) - 1 is the total number of Sommerville symmetric cyclic compositions of n. See pp. 301-304 in his paper in the links below. To see why this is the case, we use MacMahon's method of representing a cyclic composition of n with a necklace of 2 colors (see p. 273 in Sommerville's paper where the two "colors" are an x and a dot . rather than B and W). Given a Sommerville symmetrical composition b_1 + ... + b_r of n (with b_i >= 1 for all i and 1 <= r <= n), create the following circularly palindromic necklace with n beads of 2 colors: Start with a B bead somewhere on the circle and place b_1 - 1 W beads to the right of it; place a B bead to the right of the W beads (if any) followed by b_2 - 1 W beads; and so on. At the end, place a B bead followed with b_r - 1 W beads. (If b_i = 1 for some i, then a B bead follows a B bead since there are 0 W beads between them.) We thus get a circularly palindromic necklace with n beads of two colors. (The only necklace we cannot get with this method is the one than has all n beads colored W.)

It is interesting that the representation of a necklace of length n, say s_1, s_2, ..., s_n, as a periodic sequence (..., s_{-2}, s_{-1}, s_0, s_1, s_2, ...) with the property s_i = s_{i+n} for all i, as was done by Marks R. Nester in Chapter 2 of his 1999 PhD thesis, was considered by Sommerville in his 1909 paper (in the very first paragraph of his paper). (End)

For n >= 3, a(n) = the smallest number h > a(n-1) such that [[a(n-2) + a(n-1)] * [a(n-2) + a(n)] * [a(n-1) + a(n)]] / [a(n-2) * a(n-1) * a(n)] is an integer (= 104).

With 1 complement of A182756.

a(1) = 1, a(2) = 14, for n >= 3; a(n) = the smallest number h > a(n-1) such that [[a(n-2) + a(n-1)] * [a(n-2) + h] * [a(n-1) + h]] / [a(n-2) * a(n-1) * h] is an integer (= 54).

5^(floor((n - 1)/2)) | a(n), n>=1. - G. C. Greubel, Jan 11 2018

a(1) = 1, a(2) = 35, for n >= 3; a(n) = the smallest number h > a(n-1) such that [[a(n-2) + a(n-1)] * [a(n-2) + h] * [a(n-1) + h]] / [a(n-2) * a(n-1) * h] is an integer (= 130). (conjectured)

10^(floor((n - 1)/2)) | a(n), for n>=1. - G. C. Greubel, Jan 11 2018

With 1 complement of A182757.

Is this a union/superset of A032908 and A101879? - Ralf Stephan, Nov 29 2010

Number of chiral bracelets of n beads using up to three different colors.