A000698 -id:A000698 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000309 Number of rooted planar bridgeless cubic maps with 2n nodes.

1, 1, 4, 24, 176, 1456, 13056, 124032, 1230592, 12629760, 133186560, 1436098560, 15774990336, 176028860416, 1990947110912, 22783499599872, 263411369705472, 3073132646563840, 36143187370967040, 428157758086840320, 5105072641718353920, 61228492804372561920

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane and Robert G. Wilson v

Also counts rooted planar non-separable triangulations with 3n edges. - Valery A. Liskovets, Dec 01 2003
Equivalently, rooted planar loopless triangulations with 2n triangles. - Noam Zeilberger, Oct 06 2016
Description trees of type (2,2) with n edges. (A description tree of type (a,b) is a rooted plane tree where every internal node is labeled by an integer between a and [b + sum of labels of its children], every leaf is labeled a, and the root is labeled [b + sum of labels of its children]. See Definition 1 and Section 5.2 of Cori and Schaeffer 2003.) - Noam Zeilberger, Oct 08 2017
The September 2018 talk by Noam Zeilberger (see link to video) connects three topics (planar maps, Tamari lattices, lambda calculus) and eight sequences: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 17 2018

C. F. Earl and L. J. March, Architectural applications of graph theory, pp. 327-355 of R. J. Wilson and L. W. Beineke, editors, Applications of Graph Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1979.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
Marie Albenque, Dominique Poulalhon, A Generic Method for Bijections between Blossoming Trees and Planar Maps, Electron. J. Combin., 22 (2015), #P2.38.
Dario Benedetti, Sylvain Carrozza, Reiko Toriumi, Guillaume Valette, Multiple scaling limits of U(N)^2 X O(D) multi-matrix models, arXiv:2003.02100 [math-ph], 2020.
Olivier Bernardi, Bijective counting of Kreweras walks and loopless triangulations, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 114:5 (2007), 931-956.
Junliang Cai, Yanpei Liu, The enumeration of rooted nonseparable nearly cubic maps, Discrete Math. 207 (1999), no. 1-3, 9--24. MR1710479 (2000g:05074). See (31).
Robert Cori and Gilles Schaeffer, Description trees and Tutte formulas, Theoretical Computer Science 292:1 (2003), 165-183.
S. Dulucq and O. Guibert, Stack words, standard tableaux and Baxter permutations, Disc. Math. 157 (1996), 91-106.
C. F. Earl and L. J. March, Architectural applications of graph theory, pp. 327-355 of R. J. Wilson and L. W. Beineke, editors, Applications of Graph Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1979. (Annotated scanned copy)
Hsien-Kuei Hwang, Mihyun Kang, Guan-Huei Duh, Asymptotic Expansions for Sub-Critical Lagrangean Forms, LIPIcs Proceedings of Analysis of Algorithms 2018, Vol. 110. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2018.
R. C. Mullin, On counting rooted triangular maps, Canad. J. Math., v.17 (1965), 373-382.
Elena Patyukova, Taylor Rottreau, Robert Evans, Paul D. Topham, Martin J. Greenall, Hydrogen Bonding Aggregation in Acrylamide: Theory and Experiment, Macromolecules (2018) Vol. 51, No. 18, 7032-7043. Also arXiv:1805.09878 [math.CA], 2018.
W. T. Tutte, A census of Hamiltonian polygons, Canad. J. Math., 14 (1962), 402-417.
W. T. Tutte, On the enumeration of four-colored maps, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 17 (1969), 454-460.
Noam Zeilberger, A theory of linear typings as flows on 3-valent graphs, arXiv:1804.10540 [cs.LO], 2018.
Noam Zeilberger, A Sequent Calculus for a Semi-Associative Law, arXiv:1803.10080 [math.LO], March 2018 (A revised version of a 2017 conference paper)
Noam Zeilberger, A proof-theoretic analysis of the rotation lattice of binary trees, Part 1 (video), Part 2, Rutgers Experimental Math Seminar, Sep 13 2018.
Jian Zhou, Fat and Thin Emergent Geometries of Hermitian One-Matrix Models, arXiv:1810.03883 [math-ph], 2018.

Sequences mentioned in the Noam Zeilberger 2018 video: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827.

Cf. A000139, A000264, A000356, A002005, A006335, A358091.

List([0..20], n -> 2^(n+1)*Factorial(3*n)/(Factorial(n)* Factorial(2*n+2))); # G. C. Greubel, Nov 29 2018

[2^(n+1)*Factorial(3*n)/(Factorial(n)*Factorial(2*n+2)): n in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 10 2014

a := n -> 2^(n+1)*(3*n)!/(n!*(2*n+2)!);
A000309 := n -> -(-2)^(n-1)*(3*n+2)*hypergeom([-3*(n+1),-n,-n+1/3], [-n-1,-n-2/3], 1): seq(simplify(A000309(n)), n = 0..21); # Peter Luschny, Oct 28 2022

f[n_] := 2^n(3n)!/((n + 1)!(2n + 1)!); Table[f[n], {n, 0, 19}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 21 2004 *)
Join[{1},RecurrenceTable[{a[1]==1,a[n]==4a[n-1] Binomial[3n,3]/ Binomial[2n+2,3]}, a[n],{n,20}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 11 2011 *)

a(n) = 2^(n+1)*(3*n)!/(n!*(2*n+2)!); \\ Michel Marcus, Aug 09 2014

[2^n*factorial(3*n)/(factorial(n+1)*factorial(2*n+1))for n in range(20)] # G. C. Greubel Nov 29 2018

a(n) = 2^(n-1) * A000139(n) for n > 0.
a(n) = 4*a(n-1)*binomial(3*n, 3) / binomial(2*n+2, 3).
a(n) = 2^n*(3*n)!/ ( (n+1)!*(2*n+1)! ).
G.f.: (1/(6*x)) * (hypergeom([ -2/3, -1/3],[1/2],(27/2)*x)-1). - Mark van Hoeij, Nov 02 2009
a(n) ~ 3^(3*n+1/2)/(sqrt(Pi)*2^(n+2)*n^(5/2)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Oct 06 2016
D-finite with recurrence (n+1)*(2*n+1)*a(n) -3*(3*n-1)*(3*n-2)*a(n-1)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Nov 02 2018
a(n) = -(-2)^(n-1)*(3*n+2)*hypergeom([-3*(n+1),-n,-n+1/3], [-n-1,-n-2/3], 1). The a(n) are values of the polynomials A358091. - Peter Luschny, Oct 28 2022
From Karol A. Penson, Feb 24 2025: (Start)
G.f.: hypergeom([1/3, 2/3, 1], [3/2, 2], (27*z)/2).
G.f. A(z) satisfies: - 1 + 27*z + (-36*z + 1)*A(z) + 8*z*A(z)^2 + 16*z^2*A(z)^3 = 0.
G.f.: ((4*sqrt(4 - 54*z) + 12*i*sqrt(6)*sqrt(z))^(1/3)*(sqrt(z*(4 - 54*z)) - 9*i*sqrt(6)*z) + (4*sqrt(4 - 54*z) - 12*i*sqrt(6)*sqrt(z))^(1/3)*(9*i*sqrt(6)*z + sqrt(z*(4 - 54*z))) - 8*sqrt(z))/(48*z^(3/2)), where i = sqrt(-1) is the imaginary unit.
a(n) = Integral_{x=0..27/2} x^n*W(x), where W(x) = (6^(1/3)*(9 + sqrt(81 - 6*x))^(2/3)*(9*sqrt(3) - sqrt(27 - 2*x)) - 2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*(27 + sqrt(81 - 6*x))*x^(1/3))/(48*Pi*(9 + sqrt(81 - 6*x))^(1/3)*x^(2/3)).
This integral representation is unique as W(x) is the solution of the Hausdorff power moment problem for x on (0, 27/2). Using only the definition of a(n), W(x) can be proven to be positive. W(x) is singular at x = 0, with singularity x^(-2/3), and for x > 0 is monotonically decreasing to zero at x = 27/2. (End)

Definition clarified by Michael Albert, Oct 24 2008

A286781 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: coefficients of polynomials P_n(t) defined in Formula section.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 10, 9, 1, 74, 91, 23, 1, 706, 1063, 416, 46, 1, 8162, 14193, 7344, 1350, 80, 1, 110410, 213953, 134613, 34362, 3550, 127, 1, 1708394, 3602891, 2620379, 842751, 125195, 8085, 189, 1, 29752066, 67168527, 54636792, 20862684, 4009832, 382358, 16576, 268, 1, 576037442, 1375636129, 1223392968, 533394516, 124266346, 15653598, 1023340, 31356, 366, 1

Offset: 0

Gheorghe Coserea, May 14 2017

T(n,k) is the number of Feynman's diagrams with k fermionic loops in the order n of the perturbative expansion in dimension zero for the self-energy function in a many-body theory of fermions with two-body interaction (see Molinari link).

			A(x;t) = 1 + (2 + t)*x + (10 + 9*t + t^2)*x^2 + (74 + 91*t + 23*t^2 + t^3)*x^3 + ...
Triangle starts:
n\k  [0]       [1]       [2]       [3]       [4]      [5]     [6]    [7]  [8]
[0]  1;
[1]  2,        1;
[2]  10,       9,        1;
[3]  74,       91,       23,       1;
[4]  706,      1063,     416,      46,       1;
[5]  8162,     14193,    7344,     1350,     80,      1;
[6]  110410,   213953,   134613,   34362,    3550,    127,    1;
[7]  1708394,  3602891,  2620379,  842751,   125195,  8085,   189,   1;
[8]  29752066, 67168527, 54636792, 20862684, 4009832, 382358, 16576, 268, 1;
[9] ...

Gheorghe Coserea, Rows n=0..122, flattened
Luca G. Molinari, Hedin's equations and enumeration of Feynman's diagrams, arXiv:cond-mat/0401500 [cond-mat.str-el], 2005.

For vertex and polarization functions see A286782 and A286783. For GWA of the self-energy and polarization functions see A286784 and A286785.

Columns k=0-8 give: A000698(k=0), A286786(k=1), A286787(k=2), A286788(k=3), A286789(k=4), A286790(k=5), A286791(k=6), A286792(k=7), A286793(k=8).

max = 10; y0[x_, t_] = 1; y1[x_, t_] = 0; For[n = 1, n <= max, n++, y1[x_, t_] = (1 + x*y0[x, t] + 2*x^2*D[y0[x, t], x])*(1 - x*y0[x, t]*(1 - t))/(1 - x*y0[x, t])^2 + O[x]^n // Normal; y0[x_, t_] = y1[x, t]];
row[n_] := CoefficientList[Coefficient[y0[x, t], x, n], t];
Table[row[n], {n, 0, max-1}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, May 19 2017, adapted from PARI *)

A286781_ser(N,t='t) = {
  my(x='x+O('x^N), y0=1+O('x^N), y1=0, n=1);
  while(n++,
    y1 = (1 + x*y0 + 2*x^2*y0')*(1 - x*y0*(1-t))/(1-x*y0)^2;
    if (y1 == y0, break()); y0 = y1;);
  y0;
};
concat(apply(p->Vecrev(p), Vec(A286781_ser(10))))
\\ test: y = A286781_ser(50); y*(1-x*y)^2 == (1 + x*y + 2*x^2*deriv(y,'x)) * (1 - x*y*(1-t))

y(x;t) = Sum_{n>=0} P_n(t)*x^n satisfies y * (1-x*y)^2 = (1 + x*y + 2*x^2*deriv(y,x)) * (1 - x*y*(1-t)), with y(0;t) = 1, where P_n(t) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*t^k, 0<=n, 0<=k<=n.

A000698(n+1)=T(n,0), A101986(n)=T(n,n-1), A000108(n)=P_n(-1), A286794(n)=P_n(1).

A105615 Triangular matrix T, read by rows, that satisfies: SHIFT_LEFT(column 0 of T^((2p-1)/2)) = (2p-1)(column p of T), or [T^((2p-1)/2)](m,0) = (2p-1)T(p+m,p+1) for all m>=1 and p>=0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 10, 4, 1, 74, 26, 6, 1, 706, 226, 50, 8, 1, 8162, 2426, 522, 82, 10, 1, 110410, 30826, 6498, 1010, 122, 12, 1, 1708394, 451586, 93666, 14458, 1738, 170, 14, 1, 29752066, 7489426, 1532970, 235466, 28226, 2754, 226, 16, 1, 576037442

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Apr 16 2005

Column 0 is A000698 (related to double factorials), offset 1. Column 1 is A105616 (column 0 of T^(1/2), offset 1). The matrix logarithm divided by 2 yields the integer triangle A105629.

Compare with triangular matrix A107717, which satisfies: SHIFT_LEFT(column 0 of A107717^((3*k-1)/3)) = (3*k-1)*(column k of A107717).

			SHIFT_LEFT(column 0 of T^(-1/2)) = -1*(column 0 of T);
SHIFT_LEFT(column 0 of T^(1/2)) = 1*(column 1 of T);
SHIFT_LEFT(column 0 of T^(3/2)) = 3*(column 2 of T);
SHIFT_LEFT(column 0 of T^(5/2)) = 5*(column 3 of T).
Triangle begins:
1;
2,1;
10,4,1;
74,26,6,1;
706,226,50,8,1;
8162,2426,522,82,10,1;
110410,30826,6498,1010,122,12,1;
1708394,451586,93666,14458,1738,170,14,1;
29752066,7489426,1532970,235466,28226,2754,226,16,1; ...
Matrix square-root T^(1/2) is A105623 which begins:
1;
1,1;
4,2,1;
26,10,3,1;
226,74,19,4,1;
2426,706,167,31,5,1; ...
compare column 0 of T^(1/2) to column 1 of T;
also, column 1 of T^(1/2) equals column 0 of T.
Matrix inverse square-root T^(-1/2) is A105620 which begins:
1;
-1,1;
-2,-2,1;
-10,-4,-3,1;
-74,-20,-7,-4,1;
-706,-148,-39,-11,-5,1; ...
compare column 0 of T^(-1/2) to column 0 of T.
Matrix inverse T^-1 is A105619 which begins:
1;
-2,1;
-2,-4,1;
-10,-2,-6,1;
-74,-10,-2,-8,1;
-706,-74,-10,-2,-10,1;
-8162,-706,-74,-10,-2,-12,1; ...

Cf. A000698 (column 0), A105616 (column 1), A105617 (column 2), A105618 (row sums), A105619 (T^-1), A105620 (T^(-1/2)), A105623 (T^(1/2)), A105627 (T^(3/2)), A105629 (matrix log).

Cf. A107717.

PARI
```
{T(n,k) = if(n
				
```

{T(n,k) = if(n=j,if(m==j,1,if(m==j+1,-2*j, polcoeff(1/sum(i=0,m-j,(2*i)!/i!/2^i*x^i)+O(x^m),m-j)))))^-1)[n+1,k+1])}
for(n=0,10,for(k=0,n,print1(T(n,k),", ")); print(""))

T(n, k) = 2*(k+1)*T(n, k+1) + Sum_{j=1..n-k-1} T(j, 0)*T(n, j+k+1) for n>k>=0, with T(n, n) = 1 for n>=0. T(n, 0) = A000698(n+1) for n>=0.

A258173 Sum over all Dyck paths of semilength n of products over all peaks p of y_p, where y_p is the y-coordinate of peak p.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 12, 58, 321, 1975, 13265, 96073, 743753, 6113769, 53086314, 484861924, 4641853003, 46441475253, 484327870652, 5252981412262, 59132909030463, 689642443691329, 8319172260103292, 103645882500123026, 1331832693574410475, 17629142345935969713

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, May 22 2015

nonn

A Dyck path of semilength n is a (x,y)-lattice path from (0,0) to (2n,0) that does not go below the x-axis and consists of steps U=(1,1) and D=(1,-1). A peak of a Dyck path is any lattice point visited between two consecutive steps UD.

Number of general rooted ordered trees with n edges and "back edges", which are additional edges connecting vertices to their ancestors. Every vertex specifies an ordering on the edges to its children and back edges to its ancestors altogether; it may be connected to the same ancestor by multiple back edges, distinguishable only by their relative ordering under that vertex. - Li-yao Xia, Mar 06 2017

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..500
Veronica Bitonti, Bishal Deb, and Alan D. Sokal, Thron-type continued fractions (T-fractions) for some classes of increasing trees, arXiv:2412.10214 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 58.
Antti Karttunen, Bijection between rooted trees with back edges and Dyck paths with multiplicity, SeqFans mailing list, Mar 2 2017.
Wikipedia, Lattice path
Li-yao Xia, Definition and enumeration of rooted trees with back edges in Haskell, blog post, Mar 1 2017.

Cf. A000108, A000698, A005411, A005412, A258172, A258174, A258175, A258176, A258177, A258178, A258179, A258180, A258181, A371567.

b:= proc(x, y, t) option remember; `if`(y>x or y<0, 0,
     `if`(x=0, 1, b(x-1, y-1, 0)*y^t+b(x-1, y+1, 1)))
    end:
a:= n-> b(2*n, 0$2):
seq(a(n), n=0..25);

nmax = 25; Clear[g]; g[nmax+1] = 1; g[k_] := g[k] = 1 - x/(k*x + 2*x - 1/g[k+1]); CoefficientList[Series[g[0], {x, 0, nmax}], x] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 20 2015, after Sergei N. Gladkovskii *)

G.f.: T(0), where T(k) = 1 - x/(k*x + 2*x - 1/T(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 20 2015

Conjecture: a(n) = A371567(n-1,0) for n > 0 with a(0) = 1. - Mikhail Kurkov, Nov 07 2024

A267827 Number of closed indecomposable linear lambda terms with 2n+1 applications and abstractions.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 20, 352, 8624, 266784, 9896448, 426577920, 20918138624, 1149216540160, 69911382901760, 4665553152081920, 338942971881472000, 26631920159494995968, 2250690001888540950528, 203595258621775065120768, 19629810220331494121865216

Offset: 0

Noam Zeilberger, Jan 21 2016

nonn

A linear lambda term is indecomposable if it has no closed proper subterm.
Equivalently, number of closed bridgeless rooted trivalent maps (on compact oriented surfaces of arbitrary genus) with 2n+1 trivalent vertices (and 1 univalent vertex).
The September 2018 talk by Noam Zeilberger (see link to video) connects three topics (planar maps, Tamari lattices, lambda calculus) and eight sequences: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 17 2018

			A(x) = 1 + 2*x + 20*x^2 + 352*x^3 + 8624*x^4 + 266784*x^5 + ...

Gheorghe Coserea, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..303
Lawrence Dresner, Protection of a test magnet wound with a Ag/BSCCO high-temperature superconductor, Oak Ridge National Lab technical report (ORNL/HTSPC-3), 1992. See Eq. (25).
Noam Zeilberger, Linear lambda terms as invariants of rooted trivalent maps, arXiv:1512.06751 [cs.LO], 2015.
Noam Zeilberger, A theory of linear typings as flows on 3-valent graphs, arXiv:1804.10540 [cs.LO], 2018.
Noam Zeilberger, A Sequent Calculus for a Semi-Associative Law, arXiv preprint 1803.10030, March 2018 (A revised version of a 2017 conference paper)
Noam Zeilberger, A proof-theoretic analysis of the rotation lattice of binary trees, Part 1 (video), Rutgers Experimental Math Seminar, Sep 13 2018. Part 2 is vimeo.com/289910554.
Noam Zeilberger, From Lambda Calculus to the Four Color Theorem, via Experimental Mathematics (slides), Rutgers Experimental Math Seminar, Jun 18 2020. For the video see http://noamz.org/videos/expmath.2020.06.18.mp4.
Noam Zeilberger, From Lambda Calculus to the Four Color Theorem, via Experimental Mathematics (slides), Rutgers Experimental Math Seminar, Jun 18 2020. [Local copy]

Sequences mentioned in the Noam Zeilberger 2018 video: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827.

Cf. A000309, A062980.

a[0] = 1; a[1] = 2; a[n_] := a[n] = (6n-2) a[n-1] + Sum[(6k+2) a[k] a[n-1-k], {k, 1, n-2}];
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 16}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 16 2018, after Gheorghe Coserea *)

seq(N) = {
  my(a = vector(N)); a[1] = 2;
  for(n=2, N,
    a[n] = (6*n-2)*a[n-1] + sum(k=1, n-2, (6*k+2)*a[k]*a[n-1-k]));
  concat(1,a);
};
seq(16)
\\ test 1: y = x^2*subst(Ser(seq(201)),'x,-'x^6); 0 == x^5*y*y' + y - x^2
\\ test 2: y = Ser(seq(201)); 0 == 6*y*y'*x^2 + 2*y^2*x - y + 1
\\ Gheorghe Coserea, Nov 10 2017
F(N) = {
  my(x='x+O('x^N), t='t, F0=x, F1=0, n=1);
  while(n++,
    F1 = t + x*(F0 - subst(F0,t,0))^2 + x*deriv(F0,t);
    if (F1 == F0, break()); F0 = F1;);
  F0;
};
seq(N) = my(v=Vec(subst(F(2*N+2),'t,0))); vector((#v+1)\2, n, v[2*n-1]);
seq(16) \\ Gheorghe Coserea, Apr 01 2017

The o.g.f. f(z) = z + 2*z^3 + 20*z^5 + 352*z^7 + ... can be defined using a catalytic variable as f(z) = F(z,0), where F(z,x) satisfies the functional-differential equation F(z,x) = x + z*(F(z,x) - F(z,0))^2 + z*(d/dx)F(z,x).
From Gheorghe Coserea, Nov 10 2017: (Start)
0 = x^5*y*y' + y - x^2, where y(x) = x^2*A(-x^6).
0 = 6*y*y'*x^2 + 2*y^2*x - y + 1, where y(x) = A(x).
a(n) = (6*n-2)*a(n-1) + Sum_{k=1..n-2} (6*k+2)*a(k)*a(n-1-k), for n >= 2.
(End)
a(n) = A291843(3*n+1, 2*n), n >= 1. - Danny Rorabaugh, Nov 10 2017

A168467 a(n) = Product_{k=0..n} ((2k+2)(2*k+3))^(n-k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 720, 3628800, 1316818944000, 52563198423859200000, 327312129899898454671360000000, 428017682605583614976547335700480000000000, 152240508705590071980086429193304853792686080000000000000

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Nov 26 2009

Hankel transform of A000698(n+1).
The sequence 1,1,6,720,... with general term Product_{k=0..n, ((2k+1)(2k+0^k))^(n-k)} is the Hankel transform of A112934. - Paul Barry, Dec 04 2009
a(n) is also the determinant of the n X n matrix M(i,j) = i^(2*j)*sinh(2*j*arccsch(i))/(2*sqrt(i^2+1)), with i and j from 1 to n, which is the same matrix generated by sequences of length n by the linear recurrences with kernel { 2*(k^2 + z), -k^4 }, and initial conditions { 1, 2*(k^2 + z) }, with k from 1 to n, and z = 2. Regardless of the value of z, for every n, the determinant of the n X n matrix of polynomials generated gives always a(n) as result. - Federico Provvedi, Feb 01 2021

			From _Federico Provvedi_, Apr 01 2021: (Start)
From both formulas in the comment above and in particular with z=2 from the linear recurrences, the determinant of the 5 X 5 matrix: ( (1,6,35,204,1189), (1,12,128,1344,14080),(1,22,403,7084,123205), (1,36,1040,28224,749824), (1,54,2291,89964,3426181) ) = 1316818944000 = a(5).
For a generic z, the determinant doesn't change as shown in this example, where the determinant of the 3 X 3 square matrix:
( ( 1, 2*(z+1), (2*z + 1)*(2*z+3)  ),
  ( 1, 2*(z+4), 4*(z+6)*(z+2)      ),
  ( 1, 2*(z+9), (2*z + 9)(2*z + 27)) ) = 720 = a(3). (End)

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..28

Cf. A000178, A000698, A098694, A112934, A306635, A001109, A099157, A246645, A202768, A000142.

Table[2^(n^2 + 2*n + 23/24) Glaisher^(3/2) Pi^(-n/2 - 3/4) BarnesG[n + 2] BarnesG[n + 5/2]/E^(1/8), {n, 0, 10}] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Sep 06 2016 *)
Table[Product[((2k+2)(2k+3))^(n-k),{k,0,n}],{n,0,10}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 26 2019 *)
Table[Det@Table[LinearRecurrence[{2*k^2,-k^4},{1, 2*k^2},n], {k, 1, n}], {n,1,20}] (* Federico Provvedi, Feb 01 2021 *)
Det@Expand@Array[(#1^(2 #2))/(4 Sqrt[1 + #1^2])((Sqrt[1+1/#1^2]+1/#1)^(2 #2)-(Sqrt[1+1/#1^2]-1/#1)^(2 #2))&,{#,#}]&/@Range[20] (* Federico Provvedi, Apr 01 2021 *)

from math import prod
def A168467(n): return prod(((m:=k+1<<1)*(m+1))**(n-k) for k in range(1,n+1))*3**n<Chai Wah Wu, Nov 26 2023

G.f.: Q(0)/(2*x) - 1/x, where Q(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - (2*k+1)!*x/((2*k+1)!*x + 1/Q(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Sep 17 2013
a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} (2*k+1)!. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Sep 06 2016
a(n) ~ A^(-1/2) * 2^(n^2 + 3*n + 53/24) * exp((-3/2)*n^2 + (-5/2)*n + 1/24) * n^(n^2 + (5/2)*n + 35/24) * Pi^((n+1)/2), where A = A074962 is the Glaisher-Kinkelin constant. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Sep 06 2016
a(n) = A000178(2*n + 1) / A098694(n). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 28 2017
a(n) = A202768(n)*A000142(n). - Federico Provvedi, Feb 01 2021
For n > 0, a(n) = n * (2*n+1) * sqrt(BarnesG(2*n)) * Gamma(2*n)^2 / (sqrt(Gamma(n)) * 2^((n-3)/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 27 2024

A002005 Number of rooted planar cubic maps with 2n vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 32, 336, 4096, 54912, 786432, 11824384, 184549376, 2966845440, 48855252992, 820675092480, 14018773254144, 242919827374080, 4261707069259776, 75576645116559360, 1353050213048123392, 24428493151359467520, 444370175232646840320, 8138178004138611179520

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

nonn

Equivalently, number of rooted planar triangulations with 2n faces.

The September 2018 talk by Noam Zeilberger (see link to video) connects three topics (planar maps, Tamari lattices, lambda calculus) and eight sequences: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 17 2018

R. C. Mullin, E. Nemeth and P. J. Schellenberg, The enumeration of almost cubic maps, pp. 281-295 in Proceedings of the Louisiana Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Computer Science. Vol. 1, edited R. C. Mullin et al., 1970.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Gheorghe Coserea, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Valentin Bonzom, Guillaume Chapuy, Maciej Dolega, Enumeration of non-oriented maps via integrability, Alg. Combin. 5 (6) (2022) p 1363-1390, A.3
Mireille Bousquet-Mélou, Counting planar maps, coloured or uncoloured, 23rd British Combinatorial Conference, Jul 2011, Exeter, United Kingdom. 392, pp.1-50, 2011, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., hal-00653963. See p.13.
Evgeniy Krasko and Alexander Omelchenko, Enumeration of r-regular maps on the torus. Part I: Rooted maps on the torus, the projective plane and the Klein bottle. Sensed maps on the torus, Discrete Mathematics (2019) Vol. 342, Issue 2, 584-599. Also arXiv:1709.03225 [math.CO].
Maxim Krikun, Explicit enumeration of triangulations with multiple boundaries, arXiv:0706.0681 [math.CO], 2007. [Comment from _Gheorghe Coserea_, Dec 26 2015: the formula in the paper for almost trivalent maps is 2 * 4^(k-1) * (3k)!!/ ((k+1)!*(k+2)!!); however, the exponent of 4 should be k not (k-1) i.e. 2 * 4^k * (3k)!! / ((k+1)!*(k+2)!!)]
Noam Zeilberger, A theory of linear typings as flows on 3-valent graphs, arXiv:1804.10540 [cs.LO], 2018.
Noam Zeilberger, A Sequent Calculus for a Semi-Associative Law, arXiv preprint 1803.10030 [math.LO], March 2018 (A revised version of a 2017 conference paper).
Noam Zeilberger, A proof-theoretic analysis of the rotation lattice of binary trees, Part 1 (video), Part 2, Rutgers Experimental Math Seminar, Sep 13 2018.
Jian Zhou, Fat and Thin Emergent Geometries of Hermitian One-Matrix Models, arXiv:1810.03883 [math-ph], 2018.

Sequences mentioned in the Noam Zeilberger 2018 video: A000168, A000260, A000309, A000698, A000699, A002005, A062980, A267827.
Column k=0 of A266240.
Cf. A000217, A358367.

seq(2*8^n*binomial(n*3/2, n)/((n + 2)*(n + 1)), n = 0..19); # Peter Luschny, Nov 14 2022

Table[2^(2 n + 1) (3 n)!!/((n + 2)! n!!), {n, 0, 20}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 28 2015 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(-1 + 96 z + Hypergeometric2F1[-2/3,-1/3,1/2,432z^2]- 96 z Hypergeometric2F1[-1/6,1/6,3/2,432z^2])/(192 z^2), {z, 0, 10}], z] (* Benedict W. J. Irwin, Aug 07 2016 *)

factorial2(n) = my(x = (2^(n\2)*(n\2)!)); if (n%2, n!/x, x);
a(n) = 2^(2*n+1)*factorial2(3*n)/((n+2)!*factorial2(n));
vector(20, i, a(i-1))
\\ test: y = Ser(vector(201, n, a(n-1))); x*(1-432*x^2)*y' == 64*x^2*y^2 + (288*x^2 - 64*x - 1)*y + 72*x + 1
\\ Gheorghe Coserea, Jun 13 2017

a(n) = 2^(2*n+1)*(3*n)!!/((n+2)!*n!!). - Sean A. Irvine, May 19 2013
a(n) ~ sqrt(6/Pi) * n^(-5/2) * (12*sqrt(3))^n. - Gheorghe Coserea, Feb 25 2016
G.f.: (96*x - 1 + 2F1(-2/3, -1/3; 1/2; 432*x^2) - 96*x*2F1(-1/6, 1/6; 3/2; 432*x^2))/(192*x^2). - Benedict W. J. Irwin, Aug 07 2016
From Gheorghe Coserea, Jun 13 2017: (Start)
G.f. y(x) satisfies:
x*(1-432*x^2)*deriv(y,x) = 64*x^2*y^2 + (288*x^2 - 64*x - 1)*y + 72*x + 1.
0 = 64*x^3*y^3 + x*(1-96*x)*y^2 + (30*x-1)*y - 27*x + 1.
(End).
D-finite with recurrence (n+2)*(n+1)*a(n) -48*(3*n-2)*(3*n-4)*a(n-2)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 08 2021
From Karol A. Penson and Katarzyna Gorska (katarzyna.gorska@ifj.edu.pl), Nov 02 2022: (Start)
a(n) = Integral_{x=0..12*sqrt(3)} x^n*W(x), where
W(x) = (T1(x) + T2(x)) / T3(x), and
T1(x) = -x^(2/3) * (108 + sqrt(3) * sqrt(432 - x^2));
T2(x) = 3^(1/6)*(36+sqrt(3)*sqrt(432-x^2))^(2/3) * (-432+x^2+36*sqrt(3)* sqrt(432-x^2)) / sqrt(432-x^2);
T3(x) = (128*3^(5/6)*Pi*x^(1/3)*(36+sqrt(3)*sqrt(432-x^2))^(1/3)).
This integral representation is unique as W(x) is the solution of the Hausdorff power moment problem. Using only the definition of a(n), W(x) can be proven to be positive. W(x) is singular at x = 0, with the singularity x^(-1/3), and for x > 0 is monotonically decreasing to zero at x = 12*sqrt(3). (End)
a(n) = 2^(3*n + 1)*binomial(n*3/2, n)/((n + 1)*(n + 2)) = A358367(n) / A000217(n + 1). - Peter Luschny, Nov 14 2022

More terms from Sean A. Irvine, May 19 2013

A238396 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of rooted genus-k maps with n edges, n>=0, 0<=k<=n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 0, 9, 1, 0, 54, 20, 0, 0, 378, 307, 21, 0, 0, 2916, 4280, 966, 0, 0, 0, 24057, 56914, 27954, 1485, 0, 0, 0, 208494, 736568, 650076, 113256, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1876446, 9370183, 13271982, 5008230, 225225, 0, 0, 0, 0, 17399772, 117822512, 248371380, 167808024, 24635754, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 165297834, 1469283166, 4366441128, 4721384790, 1495900107, 59520825, 0

Offset: 0

Joerg Arndt, Feb 26 2014

			Triangle starts:
00: 1,
01: 2, 0,
02: 9, 1, 0,
03: 54, 20, 0, 0,
04: 378, 307, 21, 0, 0,
05: 2916, 4280, 966, 0, 0, 0,
06: 24057, 56914, 27954, 1485, 0, 0, 0,
07: 208494, 736568, 650076, 113256, 0, 0, 0, 0,
08: 1876446, 9370183, 13271982, 5008230, 225225, 0, 0, 0, 0,
09: 17399772, 117822512, 248371380, 167808024, 24635754, 0, ...,
10: 165297834, 1469283166, 4366441128, 4721384790, 1495900107, 59520825, 0, ...,
11: 1602117468, 18210135416, 73231116024, 117593590752, 66519597474, 8608033980, 0, ...,
12: 15792300756, 224636864830, 1183803697278, 2675326679856, 2416610807964, 672868675017, 24325703325, 0, ...,
...

David M. Jackson and Terry I. Visentin, An Atlas of the Smaller Maps in Orientable and Nonorientable Surfaces, Chapman & Hall/CRC, circa 2000. See page 227.

Joerg Arndt, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325 (rows 0..50, flattened)
Sean R. Carrell, Guillaume Chapuy, Simple recurrence formulas to count maps on orientable surfaces, arXiv:1402.6300 [math.CO], (19-March-2014).

Columns k for 0<=k<=10 are: A000168, A006300, A006301, A104742, A215402, A238355, A238356, A238357, A238358, A238359, A238360.
Sum of row n is A000698(n+1).
See A267180 for nonorientable analog.
Cf. A269418, A269419.
The triangle without the zeros is A269919.

T[0, 0] = 1; T[n_, g_] /; g < 0 || g > n/2 = 0; T[n_, g_] := T[n, g] = ((4n - 2)/3 T[n-1, g] + (2n-3)(2n-2)(2n-1)/12 T[n-2, g-1] + 1/2 Sum[(2k-1)(2(n - k)-1) T[k-1, i] T[n-k-1, g-i] , {k, 1, n-1}, {i, 0, g}])/((n+1)/6);
Table[T[n, g], {n, 0, 10}, {g, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 19 2018, after Gheorghe Coserea *)

N=20;
MEM=matrix(N+1,N+1, r,c, -1);  \\ for memoization
Q(n,g)=
{
    if (n<0,  return( (g<=0) ) ); \\ not given in paper
    if (g<0,  return( 0 ) ); \\ not given in paper
    if (n<=0, return( g==0 ) );  \\ as in paper
    my( m = MEM[n+1,g+1] );
    if ( m != -1,  return(m) );  \\ memoized value
    my( t=0 );
    t += (4*n-2)/3 * Q(n-1, g);
    t += (2*n-3)*(2*n-2)*(2*n-1)/12 * Q(n-2, g-1);
    my(l, j);
    t += 1/2*
        sum(k=1, n-1, l=n-k;  \\ l+k == n, both >= 1
            sum(i=0, g, j=g-i;  \\ i+j == g, both >= 0
                (2*k-1)*(2*l-1) * Q(k-1, i) * Q(l-1, j)
            );
        );
    t *= 6/(n+1);
    MEM[n+1, g+1] = t;  \\ memoize
    return(t);
}
for (n=0, N, for (g=0, n, print1(Q(n, g),", "); );  print(); ); /* print triangle */

From Gheorghe Coserea, Mar 11 2016: (Start)
(n+1)/6 * T(n, g) = (4*n-2)/3 * T(n-1, g) + (2*n-3)*(2*n-2)*(2*n-1)/12 * T(n-2, g-1) + 1/2 * Sum_{k=1..n-1} Sum_{i=0..g} (2*k-1) * (2*(n-k)-1) * T(k-1, i) * T(n-k-1, g-i) for all n >= 1 and 0 <= g <= n/2, with the initial conditions T(0,0) = 1 and T(n,g) = 0 for g < 0 or g > n/2.
For column g, as n goes to infinity we have T(n,g) ~ t(g) * n^(5*(g-1)/2) * 12^n, where t(g) = (A269418(g)/A269419(g)) / (2^(g-2) * gamma((5*g-1)/2)) and gamma is the Gamma function.
(End)

A089949 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...] DELTA [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, ...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 6, 6, 0, 1, 12, 34, 24, 0, 1, 20, 110, 210, 120, 0, 1, 30, 270, 974, 1452, 720, 0, 1, 42, 560, 3248, 8946, 11256, 5040, 0, 1, 56, 1036, 8792, 38338, 87504, 97296, 40320, 0, 1, 72, 1764, 20580, 129834, 463050, 920184, 930960, 362880

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Jan 11 2004

Row reverse appears to be A111184. - Peter Bala, Feb 17 2017

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 1,  2;
  0, 1,  6,   6;
  0, 1, 12,  34,  24;
  0, 1, 20, 110, 210,  120;
  0, 1, 30, 270, 974, 1452, 720; ...

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..140, flattened

Cf. A084938, A111184.
Diagonals: A000007, A000012, A002378, A000142.
Row sums: A003319.

m = 10;
gf = (1/x)*(1-1/(1+Sum[Product[(1+k*y), {k, 0, n-1}]*x^n, {n, 1, m}]));
CoefficientList[#, y]& /@ CoefficientList[gf + O[x]^m, x] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, May 11 2019 *)

PARI
```
T(n,k)=if(nPaul D. Hanna, Aug 16 2005
```

Sum_{k=0..n} x^(n-k)*T(n,k) = A111528(x, n); see A000142, A003319, A111529, A111530, A111531, A111532, A111533 for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 09 2005
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*3^k = A107716(n). - Philippe Deléham, Aug 15 2005
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*2^k = A000698(n+1). - Philippe Deléham, Aug 15 2005
G.f.: A(x, y) = (1/x)*(1 - 1/(1 + Sum_{n>=1} [Product_{k=0..n-1}(1+k*y)]*x^n )). - Paul D. Hanna, Aug 16 2005

A258172 Sum over all Dyck paths of semilength n of products over all peaks p of x_p, where x_p is the x-coordinate of peak p.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 5, 40, 434, 5901, 95997, 1812525, 38875265, 932135347, 24678938063, 714385754446, 22428656766320, 758632387171075, 27489135956517315, 1061913384743418360, 43550536908458238570, 1889211624465639489675, 86406059558668152123975, 4154647501527354507485040

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, May 22 2015

nonn

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..300
Wikipedia, Lattice path

Cf. A000108, A000698, A005411, A005412, A258173, A258174, A258175, A258176, A258177, A258178, A258179, A258180, A258181.

b:= proc(x, y, t) option remember; `if`(y>x or y<0, 0,
      `if`(x=0, 1, b(x-1, y-1, false)*`if`(t, x, 1) +
                   b(x-1, y+1, true)  ))
    end:
a:= n-> b(2*n, 0, false):
seq(a(n), n=0..20);

b[x_, y_, t_] := b[x, y, t] = If[y > x || y < 0, 0, If[x == 0, 1, b[x - 1, y - 1, False]*If[t, x, 1] + b[x - 1, y + 1, True]]];
a[n_] := b[2*n, 0, False];
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 20}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 23 2016, translated from Maple *)

cp's OEIS Frontend

A000309 Number of rooted planar bridgeless cubic maps with 2n nodes.

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A286781 Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: coefficients of polynomials P_n(t) defined in Formula section.

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A105615 Triangular matrix T, read by rows, that satisfies: SHIFT_LEFT(column 0 of T^((2*p-1)/2)) = (2*p-1)*(column p of T), or [T^((2*p-1)/2)](m,0) = (2*p-1)*T(p+m,p+1) for all m>=1 and p>=0.

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A258173 Sum over all Dyck paths of semilength n of products over all peaks p of y_p, where y_p is the y-coordinate of peak p.

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A267827 Number of closed indecomposable linear lambda terms with 2n+1 applications and abstractions.

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A168467 a(n) = Product_{k=0..n} ((2*k+2)*(2*k+3))^(n-k).

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A002005 Number of rooted planar cubic maps with 2n vertices.

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A105615 Triangular matrix T, read by rows, that satisfies: SHIFT_LEFT(column 0 of T^((2p-1)/2)) = (2p-1)(column p of T), or [T^((2p-1)/2)](m,0) = (2p-1)T(p+m,p+1) for all m>=1 and p>=0.

A168467 a(n) = Product_{k=0..n} ((2k+2)(2*k+3))^(n-k).