A036040 -id:A036040 - cp's OEIS frontend

A126120 Catalan numbers (A000108) interpolated with 0's.

1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 5, 0, 14, 0, 42, 0, 132, 0, 429, 0, 1430, 0, 4862, 0, 16796, 0, 58786, 0, 208012, 0, 742900, 0, 2674440, 0, 9694845, 0, 35357670, 0, 129644790, 0, 477638700, 0, 1767263190, 0, 6564120420, 0, 24466267020, 0, 91482563640, 0, 343059613650, 0

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Mar 06 2007

Inverse binomial transform of A001006.
The Hankel transform of this sequence gives A000012 = [1,1,1,1,1,...].
Counts returning walks (excursions) of length n on a 1-d integer lattice with step set {+1,-1} which stay in the chamber x >= 0. - Andrew V. Sutherland, Feb 29 2008
Moment sequence of the trace of a random matrix in G=USp(2)=SU(2). If X=tr(A) is a random variable (A distributed according to the Haar measure on G) then a(n) = E[X^n]. - Andrew V. Sutherland, Feb 29 2008
Essentially the same as A097331. - R. J. Mathar, Jun 15 2008
Number of distinct proper binary trees with n nodes. - Chris R. Sims (chris.r.sims(AT)gmail.com), Jun 30 2010
-a(n-1), with a(-1):=0, n>=0, is the Z-sequence for the Riordan array A049310 (Chebyshev S). For the definition see that triangle. - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 04 2011
See A180874 (also A238390 and A097610) and A263916 for relations to the general Bell A036040, cycle index A036039, and cumulant expansion polynomials A127671 through the Faber polynomials. - Tom Copeland, Jan 26 2016
A signed version is generated by evaluating polynomials in A126216 that are essentially the face polynomials of the associahedra. This entry's sequence is related to an inversion relation on p. 34 of Mizera, related to Feynman diagrams. - Tom Copeland, Dec 09 2019

			G.f. = 1 + x^2 + 2*x^4 + 5*x^6 + 14*x^8 + 42*x^10 + 132*x^12 + 429*x^14 + ...
From _Gus Wiseman_, Nov 14 2022: (Start)
The a(0) = 1 through a(8) = 14 ordered binary rooted trees with n + 1 nodes (ranked by A358375):
  o  .  (oo)  .  ((oo)o)  .  (((oo)o)o)  .  ((((oo)o)o)o)
                 (o(oo))     ((o(oo))o)     (((o(oo))o)o)
                             ((oo)(oo))     (((oo)(oo))o)
                             (o((oo)o))     (((oo)o)(oo))
                             (o(o(oo)))     ((o((oo)o))o)
                                            ((o(o(oo)))o)
                                            ((o(oo))(oo))
                                            ((oo)((oo)o))
                                            ((oo)(o(oo)))
                                            (o(((oo)o)o))
                                            (o((o(oo))o))
                                            (o((oo)(oo)))
                                            (o(o((oo)o)))
                                            (o(o(o(oo))))
(End)

Jerome Spanier and Keith B. Oldham, "Atlas of Functions", Ch. 49, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., 1987.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
V. E. Adler, Set partitions and integrable hierarchies, arXiv:1510.02900 [nlin.SI], 2015.
Martin Aigner, Catalan and other numbers: a recurrent theme, in Algebraic Combinatorics and Computer Science, a Tribute to Gian-Carlo Rota, pp.347-390, Springer, 2001.
Andrei Asinowski, Cyril Banderier, and Valerie Roitner, Generating functions for lattice paths with several forbidden patterns, (2019).
C. Banderier, C. Krattenthaler, A. Krinik, D. Kruchinin, V. Kruchinin, D. Nguyen, and M. Wallner, Explicit formulas for enumeration of lattice paths: basketball and the kernel method, arXiv:1609.06473 [math.CO], 2016.
Radica Bojicic, Marko D. Petkovic and Paul Barry, Hankel transform of a sequence obtained by series reversion II-aerating transforms, arXiv:1112.1656 [math.CO], 2011.
Colin Defant, Troupes, Cumulants, and Stack-Sorting, arXiv:2004.11367 [math.CO], 2020.
Isaac DeJager, Madeleine Naquin, and Frank Seidl, Colored Motzkin Paths of Higher Order, VERUM 2019.
Francesc Fite, Kiran S. Kedlaya, Victor Rotger and Andrew V. Sutherland, Sato-Tate distributions and Galois endomorphism modules in genus 2, arXiv:1110.6638 [math.NT], 2011.
Aoife Hennessy, A Study of Riordan Arrays with Applications to Continued Fractions, Orthogonal Polynomials and Lattice Paths, Ph. D. Thesis, Waterford Institute of Technology, Oct. 2011.
Kiran S. Kedlaya and Andrew V. Sutherland, HyperellipticCurves, L-Polynomials, and Random Matrices. In: Arithmetic, Geometry, Cryptography, and Coding Theory: International Conference, November 5-9, 2007, CIRM, Marseilles, France. (Contemporary Mathematics; v.487)
S. Mizera, Combinatorics and Topology of Kawai-Lewellen-Tye Relations, arXiv:1706.08527 [hep-th], 2017.
Eric Rowland, Pattern avoidance in binary trees, J. Comb. Theory A 117 (6) (2010) 741-758, Sec. 3.1.
Yidong Sun and Fei Ma, Minors of a Class of Riordan Arrays Related to Weighted Partial Motzkin Paths, arXiv:1305.2015 [math.CO], 2013.
Paveł Szabłowski, Beta distributions whose moment sequences are related to integer sequences listed in the OEIS, Contrib. Disc. Math. (2024) Vol. 19, No. 4, 85-109. See p. 99.
Y. Wang and Z.-H. Zhang, Combinatorics of Generalized Motzkin Numbers, J. Int. Seq. 18 (2015) # 15.2.4.

Cf. A000108, A036039, A036040, A097610, A127671, A180874, A238390, A263916.
Cf. A126216.
The unordered version is A001190, ranked by A111299.
These trees (ordered binary rooted) are ranked by A358375.
Cf. A000081, A001263, A005043, A032027, A063895, A245824.

&cat [[Catalan(n), 0]: n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 28 2016

with(combstruct): grammar := { BB = Sequence(Prod(a,BB,b)), a = Atom, b = Atom }: seq(count([BB,grammar], size=n),n=0..47); # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 25 2007
BB := {E=Prod(Z,Z), S=Union(Epsilon,Prod(S,S,E))}: ZL:=[S,BB,unlabeled]: seq(count(ZL, size=n), n=0..45); # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 22 2007
BB := [T,{T=Prod(Z,Z,Z,F,F), F=Sequence(B), B=Prod(F,Z,Z)}, unlabeled]: seq(count(BB, size=n+1), n=0..45); # valid for n> 0. # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 22 2007
seq(n!*coeff(series(hypergeom([],[2],x^2),x,n+2),x,n),n=0..45); # Peter Luschny, Jan 31 2015
# Using function CompInv from A357588.
CompInv(48, n -> ifelse(irem(n, 2) = 0, 0, (-1)^iquo(n-1, 2))); # Peter Luschny, Oct 07 2022

a[n_?EvenQ] := CatalanNumber[n/2]; a[n_] = 0; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 45}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 10 2012 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, n! SeriesCoefficient[ BesselI[ 1, 2 x] / x, {x, 0, n}]]; (* Michael Somos, Mar 19 2014 *)
bot[n_]:=If[n==1,{{}},Join@@Table[Tuples[bot/@c],{c,Table[{k,n-k-1},{k,n-1}]}]];
Table[Length[bot[n]],{n,10}] (* Gus Wiseman, Nov 14 2022 *)
Riffle[CatalanNumber[Range[0,50]],0,{2,-1,2}] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 28 2024 *)

from math import comb
def A126120(n): return 0 if n&1 else comb(n,m:=n>>1)//(m+1) # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 22 2024

def A126120_list(n) :
    D = [0]*(n+2); D[1] = 1
    b = True; h = 2; R = []
    for i in range(2*n-1) :
        if b :
            for k in range(h,0,-1) : D[k] -= D[k-1]
            h += 1; R.append(abs(D[1]))
        else :
            for k in range(1,h, 1) : D[k] += D[k+1]
        b = not b
    return R
A126120_list(46) # Peter Luschny, Jun 03 2012

a(2*n) = A000108(n), a(2*n+1) = 0.
a(n) = A053121(n,0).
(1/Pi) Integral_{0 .. Pi} (2*cos(x))^n *2*sin^2(x) dx. - Andrew V. Sutherland, Feb 29 2008
G.f.: (1 - sqrt(1 - 4*x^2)) / (2*x^2) = 1/(1-x^2/(1-x^2/(1-x^2/(1-x^2/(1-... (continued fraction). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 24 2009
G.f. A(x) satisfies A(x) = 1 + x^2*A(x)^2. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Feb 18 2011
E.g.f.: I_1(2x)/x Where I_n(x) is the modified Bessel function. - Benjamin Phillabaum, Mar 07 2011
Apart from the first term the e.g.f. is given by x*HyperGeom([1/2],[3/2,2], x^2). - Benjamin Phillabaum, Mar 07 2011
a(n) = Integral_{x=-2..2} x^n*sqrt((2-x)*(2+x))/(2*Pi) dx. - Peter Luschny, Sep 11 2011
E.g.f.: E(0)/(1-x) where E(k) = 1-x/(1-x/(x-(k+1)*(k+2)/E(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Apr 05 2013
G.f.: 3/2- sqrt(1-4*x^2)/2 = 1/x^2 + R(0)/x^2, where R(k) = 2*k-1 - x^2*(2*k-1)*(2*k+1)/R(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 28 2013 (warning: this is not the g.f. of this sequence, R. J. Mathar, Sep 23 2021)
G.f.: 1/Q(0), where Q(k) = 2*k+1 + x^2*(1-4*(k+1)^2)/Q(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 09 2014
a(n) = n!*[x^n]hypergeom([],[2],x^2). - Peter Luschny, Jan 31 2015
a(n) = 2^n*hypergeom([3/2,-n],[3],2). - Peter Luschny, Feb 03 2015
a(n) = ((-1)^n+1)*2^(2*floor(n/2)-1)*Gamma(floor(n/2)+1/2)/(sqrt(Pi)* Gamma(floor(n/2)+2)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 23 2016
D-finite with recurrence (n+2)*a(n) +4*(-n+1)*a(n-2)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 21 2021
From Peter Bala, Feb 03 2024: (Start)
a(n) = 2^n * Sum_{k = 0..n} (-2)^(-k)*binomial(n, k)*Catalan(k+1).
G.f.: 1/(1 + 2*x) * c(x/(1 + 2*x))^2 = 1/(1 - 2*x) * c(-x/(1 - 2*x))^2 = c(x^2), where c(x) = (1 - sqrt(1 - 4*x))/(2*x) is the g.f. of the Catalan numbers A000108. (End)

An erroneous comment removed by Tom Copeland, Jul 23 2016

A036043 Irregular triangle read by rows: row n (n >= 0) gives number of parts in all partitions of n (in Abramowitz and Stegun order).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The sequence of row lengths of this array is p(n) = A000041(n) (partition numbers).
The sequence of row sums is A006128(n).
The number of times k appears in row n is A008284(n,k). - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jan 12 2006
The next level (row) gets created from each node by adding one or two more nodes. If a single node is added, its value is one more than the value of its parent. If two nodes are added, the first is equal in value to the parent and the value of the second is one more than the value of the parent. See A128628. - Alford Arnold, Mar 27 2007
The 1's in the (flattened) sequence mark the start of a new row, the value that precedes the 1 equals the row number minus one. (I.e., the 1 preceded by a 0 is the start of row 1, the 1 preceded by a 6 is the start of row 7, etc.) - M. F. Hasler, Jun 06 2018
Also the maximum part in the n-th partition in graded lexicographic order (sum/lex, A193073). - Gus Wiseman, May 24 2020

			0;
1;
1, 2;
1, 2, 3;
1, 2, 2, 3, 4;
1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5;
1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6;
1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7;

Abramowitz and Stegun, Handbook, p. 831, column labeled "m".

T. D. Noe, Rows n = 0..25 of irregular triangle, flattened
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [scanned copy], p. 831.
Kevin Brown, Generalized Birthday Problem (N Items in M Bins), 1994-2010.
Wolfdieter Lang, Rows n = 1 ..20.
OEIS Wiki, Orderings of partitions
Wikiversity, Lexicographic and colexicographic order

Cf. A036037, A036038, A036039, A036040, A036042.
Row lengths are A000041.
Partition lengths of A036036 and A334301.
The version not sorted by length is A049085.
The generalization to compositions is A124736.
The Heinz number of the same partition is A334433.
The number of distinct elements in the same partition is A334440.
The maximum part of the same partition is A334441.
Lexicographically ordered reversed partitions are A026791.
Lexicographically ordered partitions are A193073.
Cf. A103921, A115623, A124734, A185974, A296150, A334435, A334438, A334439.

with(combinat): nmax:=9: for n from 1 to nmax do y(n):=numbpart(n): P(n):=sort(partition(n)): for k from 1 to y(n) do B(k) := P(n)[k] od: for k from 1 to y(n) do s:=0: j:=0: while sJohannes W. Meijer, Jun 21 2010, revised Nov 29 2012
# alternative implementation based on A119441 by R. J. Mathar, Jul 12 2013
A036043 := proc(n,k)
    local pi;
    pi := ASPrts(n)[k] ;
    nops(pi) ;
end proc:
for n from 1 to 10 do
    for k from 1 to A000041(n) do
        printf("%d,",A036043(n,k)) ;
    end do:
    printf("\n") ;
end do:

Table[Length/@Sort[IntegerPartitions[n]],{n,0,30}] (* Gus Wiseman, May 22 2020 *)

A036043(n,k)=#partitions(n)[k] \\ M. F. Hasler, Jun 06 2018

def A036043_row(n):
    return [len(p) for k in (0..n) for p in Partitions(n, length=k)]
for n in (0..10): print(A036043_row(n)) # Peter Luschny, Nov 02 2019

a(n) = A001222(A334433(n)). - Gus Wiseman, May 22 2020

More terms from Antonio G. Astudillo (afg_astudillo(AT)hotmail.com), Jun 17 2001
a(0) inserted by Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 24 2014
Incorrect formula deleted by M. F. Hasler, Jun 06 2018

A048996 Irregular triangle read by rows. Preferred multisets: numbers refining A007318 using format described in A036038.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 6, 1, 4, 6, 5, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 6, 3, 3, 4, 12, 4, 5, 10, 6, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 6, 6, 3, 3, 4, 12, 6, 12, 1, 5, 20, 10, 6, 15, 7, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 6, 6, 3, 3, 6, 1, 4, 12, 12, 12, 12, 4, 5, 20, 10, 30, 5, 6, 30, 20, 7, 21, 8, 1

Offset: 0

Alford Arnold

This array gives in row n>=1 the multinomial numbers (call them M_0 numbers) m!/product((a_j)!,j=1..n) with the exponents of the partitions of n with number of parts m:=sum(a_j,j=1..n), given in the Abramowitz-Stegun order. See p. 831 of the given reference. See also the arrays for the M_1, M_2 and M_3 multinomial numbers A036038, A036039 and A036040 (or A080575).
For a signed version see A111786.
These M_0 multinomial numbers give the number of compositions of n >= 1 with parts corresponding to the partitions of n (in A-St order). See an n = 5 example below. The triangle with the summed entries of like number of parts m is A007318(n-1, m-1) (Pascal). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 29 2021

			Table starts:
[1]
[1]
[1, 1]
[1, 2, 1]
[1, 2, 1, 3, 1]
[1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1]
[1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 6, 1, 4, 6,  5, 1]
[1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 6, 3, 3, 4, 12, 4, 5, 10, 6, 1]
.
T(5,6) = 4 because there are four multisets using the first four digits {0,1,2,3}: 32100, 32110, 32210 and 33210
T(5,6) = 4 because there are 4 compositions of 5 that can be formed from the partition 2+1+1+1. - _Geoffrey Critzer_, May 19 2013
These 4 compositions 2+1+1+1, 1+2+1+1, 1+1+2+1 and 1+1+1+2 of 5 correspond to the 4 set partitions of [5] :={1,2,3,4,5}, with 4 blocks of consecutive numbers, namely {1,2},{3},{4},{5} and {1},{2,3},{4},{5} and {1},{2},{3,4},{5} and {1},{2},{3},{4,5}. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, May 30 2018

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2713 (rows 0..20)
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1972.
Wolfdieter Lang, First 10 rows and more.

Cf. A000670, A007318, A036035, A036038, A019538, A115621, A309004, A000079 (row sums), A000041 (row lengths).

nmax:=9: with(combinat): for n from 1 to nmax do P(n):=sort(partition(n)): for r from 1 to numbpart(n) do B(r):=P(n)[r] od: for m from 1 to numbpart(n) do s:=0: j:=0: while sA036040(n, m) := (add(q(t), t=1..n))!/(mul(q(t)!, t=1..n)); od: od: seq(seq(A036040(n, m), m=1..numbpart(n)), n=1..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 14 2016

C(sig)={my(S=Set(sig)); (#sig)!/prod(k=1, #S, (#select(t->t==S[k], sig))!)}
Row(n)={apply(C, [Vecrev(p) | p<-partitions(n)])}
{ for(n=0, 7, print(Row(n))) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 18 2020

from collections import Counter
def ASPartitions(n, k):
    Q = [p.to_list() for p in Partitions(n, length=k)]
    for q in Q: q.reverse()
    return sorted(Q)
def A048996_row(n):
    h = lambda p: product(map(factorial, Counter(p).values()))
    return [factorial(len(p))//h(p) for k in (0..n) for p in ASPartitions(n, k)]
for n in (1..10): print(A048996_row(n)) # Peter Luschny, Nov 02 2019 [corrected on notice from Sean A. Irvine, Apr 30 2022]

T(n,k) = A036040(n,k) * Factorial(A036043(n,k)) / A036038(n,k) = A049019(n,k) / A036038(n,k).
If the n-th partition is P, a(n) is the multinomial coefficient of the signature of P. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, May 30 2006
T(n,k) = A309004(A036035(n,k)). - Andrew Howroyd, Oct 19 2020

More terms from Antonio G. Astudillo (afg_astudillo(AT)hotmail.com), Jun 17 2001

a(0)=1 prepended by Andrew Howroyd, Oct 19 2020

A080510 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) gives the number of set partitions of {1,...,n} with maximum block length k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 9, 4, 1, 1, 25, 20, 5, 1, 1, 75, 90, 30, 6, 1, 1, 231, 420, 175, 42, 7, 1, 1, 763, 2016, 1015, 280, 56, 8, 1, 1, 2619, 10024, 6111, 1890, 420, 72, 9, 1, 1, 9495, 51640, 38010, 12978, 3150, 600, 90, 10, 1, 1, 35695, 276980, 244035, 91938, 24024, 4950, 825, 110, 11, 1

Offset: 1

Wouter Meeussen, Mar 22 2003

Row sums are A000110 (Bell numbers). Second column is A001189 (Degree n permutations of order exactly 2).
From Peter Luschny, Mar 09 2009: (Start)
Partition product of Product_{j=0..n-1} ((k + 1)*j - 1) and n! at k = -1, summed over parts with equal biggest part (see the Luschny link).
Underlying partition triangle is A036040.
Same partition product with length statistic is A008277.
Diagonal a(A000217) = A000012.
Row sum is A000110. (End)
From Gary W. Adamson, Feb 24 2011: (Start)
Construct an array in which the n-th row is the partition function G(n,k), where G(n,1),...,G(n,6) = A000012, A000085, A001680, A001681, A110038, A148092, with the first few rows
  1,   1,   1,   1,   1,   1,    1, ... = A000012
  1,   2,   4,  10,  26,  76,  232, ... = A000085
  1,   2,   5,  14,  46, 166,  652, ... = A001680
  1,   2,   5,  15,  51, 196,  827, ... = A001681
  1,   2    5   15   52  202   869, ... = A110038
  1,   2,   5   15   52  203   876, ... = A148092
  ...
Rows tend to A000110, the Bell numbers. Taking finite differences from the top, then reorienting, we obtain triangle A080510.
The n-th row of the array is the eigensequence of an infinite lower triangular matrix with n diagonals of Pascal's triangle starting from the right and the rest zeros. (End)

			T(4,3) = 4 since there are 4 set partitions with longest block of length 3: {{1},{2,3,4}}, {{1,3,4},{2}}, {{1,2,3},{4}} and {{1,2,4},{3}}.
Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,    1;
  1,    3,     1;
  1,    9,     4,    1;
  1,   25,    20,    5,    1;
  1,   75,    90,   30,    6,   1;
  1,  231,   420,  175,   42,   7,  1;
  1,  763,  2016, 1015,  280,  56,  8,  1;
  1, 2619, 10024, 6111, 1890, 420, 72,  9,  1;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 1..141, flattened
Peter Luschny, Counting with Partitions.
Peter Luschny, Generalized Stirling_2 Triangles.
J. Riordan, Letter, 11/23/1970. See second page of letter.

Cf. A080107, A080337, A008277, A178979, A276922, A327884.
Cf. A157396, A157397, A157398, A157399, A157400, A157401, A157402, A157403, A157404, A157405. - Peter Luschny, Mar 09 2009
Cf. A000012, A000085, A001680, A001681, A110038, A148092. - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 24 2011
Columns k=1..10 give: A000012 (for n>0), A001189, A229245, A229246, A229247, A229248, A229249, A229250, A229251, A229252. - Alois P. Heinz, Sep 17 2013
T(2n,n) gives A276961.
Take differences along rows of A229223. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 10 2018

b:= proc(n, i) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, `if`(i<1, 0,
       add(b(n-i*j, i-1) *n!/i!^j/(n-i*j)!/j!, j=0..n/i)))
    end:
T:= (n, k)-> b(n, k) -b(n, k-1):
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=1..n), n=1..12);  # Alois P. Heinz, Apr 20 2012

<< DiscreteMath`NewCombinatorica`; Table[Length/@Split[Sort[Max[Length/@# ]&/@SetPartitions[n]]], {n, 12}]
(* Second program: *)
b[n_, i_] := b[n, i] = If[n == 0, 1, If[i<1, 0, Sum[b[n-i*j, i-1]*n!/i!^j/(n-i*j)!/j!, {j, 0, n/i}]]]; T[n_, k_] := b[n, k]-b[n, k-1]; Table[Table[T[n, k], {k, 1, n}], {n, 1, 12}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 25 2014, after Alois P. Heinz *)

E.g.f. for k-th column: exp(exp(x)*GAMMA(k, x)/(k-1)!-1)*(exp(x^k/k!)-1). - Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 04 2005
From Peter Luschny, Mar 09 2009: (Start)
T(n,0) = [n = 0] (Iverson notation) and for n > 0 and 1 <= m <= n.
T(n,m) = Sum_{a} M(a)|f^a| where a = a_1,...,a_n such that
1*a_1 + 2*a_2 + ... + n*a_n = n and max{a_i} = m, M(a) = n!/(a_1!*...*a_n!),
f^a = (f_1/1!)^a_1*...*(f_n/n!)^a_n and f_n = Product_{j=0..n-1} (-1) = (-1)^n. (End)
From Ludovic Schwob, Jan 15 2022: (Start)
T(2n,n) = C(2n,n)*(A000110(n)-1/2) for n>0.
T(n,m) = C(n,m)*A000110(n-m) for 2m > n > 0. (End)

A106400 Thue-Morse sequence: let A_k denote the first 2^k terms; then A_0 = 1 and for k >= 0, A_{k+1} = A_k B_k, where B_k is obtained from A_k by interchanging 1's and -1's.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, 1

Offset: 0

Michael Somos, May 02 2005

See A010060, the main entry for the Thue-Morse sequence, for additional information. - N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 13 2014
a(A000069(n)) = -1; a(A001969(n)) = +1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 29 2012
Partial sums of every third terms give A005599. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 26 2013
Fixed point of the morphism 1 --> 1,-1 and -1 --> -1,1. - Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 07 2014
Fibbinary numbers (A003714) gives the numbers n for which a(n) = A132971(n). - Antti Karttunen, May 30 2017

			G.f. = 1 - x - x^2 + x^3 - x^4 + x^5 + x^6 - x^7 - x^8 + x^9 + x^10 + ...
The first 2^2 = 4 terms are 1, -1, -1, 1. Exchanging 1 and -1 gives -1, 1, 1, -1, which are a(4) through a(7). - _Michael B. Porter_, Jul 29 2016

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook)
Thomas Baruchel, Flattening Karatsuba's Recursion Tree into a Single Summation, SN Computer Science (2020) Vol. 1, Article No. 48.
Thomas Baruchel, A non-symmetric divide-and-conquer recursive formula for the convolution of polynomials and power series, arXiv:1912.00452 [math.NT], 2019.
Yann Bugeaud and Guo-Niu Han, A combinatorial proof of the non-vanishing of Hankel determinants of the Thue-Morse sequence, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 21(3) (2014), #P3.26.
Hao Fu and G.-N. Han, Computer assisted proof for Apwenian sequences related to Hankel determinants, arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.04370 [math.NT], 2016.
Philip Lafrance, Narad Rampersad, and Randy Yee, Some properties of a Rudin-Shapiro-like sequence, arXiv:1408.2277 [math.CO], 2014.
Martín Mereb, Determinants of matrices related to the Pascal triangle, arXiv:2210.12913 [math.NT], 2022.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Thue-Morse sequence.
Wikipedia, Bell polynomials
Index entries for sequences related to binary expansion of n

Convolution inverse of A018819.
Cf. A010060 (0 -> 1 & 1 -> -1), A000120, A000069, A001969, A003714, A005599, A038712, A005940, A008836, A132971.
Partial sums of A292118.

import Data.List (transpose)
a106400 n = a106400_list !! n
a106400_list =  1 : concat
   (transpose [map negate a106400_list, tail a106400_list])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 29 2012

[1-2*(&+Intseq(n,2) mod(2)): n in [0..100]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 01 2015

A106400 := proc(n)
        1-2*A010060(n) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Jul 22 2012
subs("0"=1,"1"=-1, StringTools:-Explode(StringTools:-ThueMorse(1000))); # Robert Israel, Sep 01 2015
# third Maple program:
a:= n-> (-1)^add(i, i=Bits[Split](n)):
seq(a(n), n=0..120);  # Alois P. Heinz, Apr 13 2020

tm[0] = 0; tm[n_?EvenQ] := tm[n/2]; tm[n_] := 1 - tm[(n-1)/2]; Table[(-1)^tm[n], {n, 0, 101}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 24 2013 *)
Nest[ Flatten[# /. {1 -> {1, -1}, -1 -> {-1, 1}}] &, {1}, 7] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 07 2014 *)
Table[Coefficient[Product[1 - x^(2^k), {k, 0, Log2[n + 1]}], x, n], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Nov 11 2016 *)
(-1)^ThueMorse[Range[0,100]] (* Paolo Xausa, Dec 18 2023 *)

{a(n) = if( n<1, n>=0, a(n\2) * (-1)^(n%2))};

{a(n) = my(A, m); if( n<1, n==0, m=1; A = 1 + O(x); while( m<=n, m*=2; A = subst(A, x, x^2) * (1-x)); polcoeff(A, n))};

a(n) = { 1 - 2 * (hammingweight(n) % 2) };  \\ Gheorghe Coserea, Aug 30 2015

apply( {A106400(n)=(-1)^hammingweight(n)}, [0..99]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Feb 07 2020

def aupto(nn):
    A = [1]
    while len(A) < nn+1: A += [-i for i in A]
    return A[:nn+1]
print(aupto(101)) # Michael S. Branicky, Jun 26 2022

def A106400(n): return -1 if n.bit_count()&1 else 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 01 2023

a(n) = (-1)^A010060(n).
a(n) = (-1)^wt(n), where wt(n) is the binary weight of n, A000120(n).
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = v^3 - 2*u*v*w + u^2*w.
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^3), A(x^6)) where f(u1, u2, u3, u6) = u6*u1^3 - 3*u6*u2*u1^2 + 3*u6*u2^2*u1 - u3*u2^3.
Euler transform of sequence b(n) where b(2^k) = -1 and zero otherwise.
G.f.: Product_{k>=0} (1 - x^(2^k)) = A(x) = (1-x) * A(x^2).
a(n) = B_n(-A038712(1)*0!, ..., -A038712(n)*(n-1)!)/n!, where B_n(x_1, ..., x_n) is the n-th complete Bell polynomial. See the Wikipedia link for complete Bell polynomials , and A036040 for the coefficients of these partition polynomials. - Gevorg Hmayakyan, Jul 10 2016 (edited by - Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 31 2016)
a(n) = A008836(A005940(1+n)). [Analogous to Liouville's lambda] - Antti Karttunen, May 30 2017
a(n) = (-1)^A309303(n), see the closed form (5) in the MathWorld link. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Jul 23 2019

A134278 A certain partition array in Abramowitz-Stegun order (A-St order), called M_3(6).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 1, 66, 18, 1, 1056, 264, 108, 36, 1, 22176, 5280, 3960, 660, 540, 60, 1, 576576, 133056, 95040, 43560, 15840, 23760, 3240, 1320, 1620, 90, 1, 17873856, 4036032, 2794176, 2439360, 465696, 665280, 304920, 249480, 36960, 83160, 22680, 2310

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 13 2007

For the A-St order of partitions see the Abramowitz-Stegun reference given in A117506.
Partition number array M_3(6), the k=6 member in the family of a generalization of the multinomial number arrays M_3 = M_3(1) = A036040.
The sequence of row lengths is A000041 (partition numbers) [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 22, 30, 42, ...].
The S2(6,n,m):=A049385(n,m) numbers (generalized Stirling2 numbers) are obtained by summing in row n all numbers with the same part number m. In the same manner the S2(n,m) (Stirling2) numbers A008277 are obtained from the partition array M_3= A036040.
a(n,k) enumerates unordered forests of increasing 6-ary trees related to the k-th partition of n in the A-St order. The m-forest is composed of m such trees, with m the number of parts of the partition.

			[1]; [6,1]; [66,18,1]; [1056,264,108,36,1]; [22176,5280,3960,660,540,60,1]; ...
There are a(4,3) = 108 = 3*6^2 unordered 2-forests with 4 vertices, composed of two 6-ary increasing trees, each with two vertices: there are 3 increasing labelings (1,2)(3,4); (1,3)(2,4); (1,4)(2,3) and each tree comes in six versions from the 6-ary structure.

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
Wolfdieter Lang, First 10 rows and more.

Cf. A049412 (row sums, also of triangle A049385).

Cf. A134273 (M_3(5) partition array).

a(n,k) = n!*Product_{j=1..n} (S2(6,j,1)/j!)^e(n,k,j)/e(n,k,j)! with S2(6,n,1) = A049385(n,1) = A008548(n) = (5*n-4)(!^5) (quintuple- or 5-factorials) and the exponent e(n,k,j) of j in the k-th partition of n in the A-St ordering of the partitions of n. Exponents 0 can be omitted due to 0!=1.

A060540 Square array read by antidiagonals downwards: T(n,k) = (nk)!/(k!^nn!), (n>=1, k>=1), the number of ways of dividing nk labeled items into n unlabeled boxes with k items in each box.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 10, 15, 1, 1, 35, 280, 105, 1, 1, 126, 5775, 15400, 945, 1, 1, 462, 126126, 2627625, 1401400, 10395, 1, 1, 1716, 2858856, 488864376, 2546168625, 190590400, 135135, 1, 1, 6435, 66512160, 96197645544, 5194672859376, 4509264634875, 36212176000, 2027025, 1

Offset: 1

Henry Bottomley, Apr 02 2001

The Copeland link gives the associations of this entry with the operator calculus of Appell Sheffer polynomials, the combinatorics of simple set partitions encoded in the Faa di Bruno formula for composition of analytic functions (formal Taylor series), the Pascal matrix, and the geometry of the n-dimensional simplices (hypertriangles, or hypertetrahedra). These, in turn, are related to simple instances of the application of the exponential formula / principle / schema giving the number of not-necessarily-connected objects composed from an ensemble of connected objects. - Tom Copeland, Jun 09 2021

			Array begins:
  1,   1,       1,          1,             1,                 1, ...
  1,   3,      10,         35,           126,               462, ...
  1,  15,     280,       5775,        126126,           2858856, ...
  1, 105,   15400,    2627625,     488864376,       96197645544, ...
  1, 945, 1401400, 2546168625, 5194672859376, 11423951396577720, ...
  ...

Seiichi Manyama, Antidiagonals n = 1..50, flattened (first 20 antidiagonals from Harry J. Smith)
Tom Copeland, Calculus, Combinatorics, and Geometry Underlying OEIS A060540, and the Exponential Formula, 2021.
Nattawut Phetmak and Jittat Fakcharoenphol, Uniformly Generating Derangements with Fixed Number of Cycles in Polynomial Time, Thai J. Math. (2023) Vol. 21, No. 4, 899-915. See pp. 901, 914.
Elena L. Wang and Guoce Xin, On Ward Numbers and Increasing Schröder Trees, arXiv:2507.15654 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 13.

Rows include A000012, A001700, A060542, A082368, A322252.
Columns k=1..10 give A000012, A001147, A025035, A025036, A025037, A025038, A025040, A025041, A025042.
Main diagonal is A057599.
Related to A057599, see also A096126 and A246048.
Cf. A060358, A361948 (includes row/col 0).
Cf. A000217, A000292, A000332, A000389, A000579, A000580, A007318, A036040, A099174, A133314, A132440, A135278 (associations in Copeland link).

T[n_, k_] := (n*k)!/(k!^n*n!);
Table[T[n-k+1, k], {n, 1, 10}, {k, n, 1, -1}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 29 2018 *)

{ i=0; for (m=1, 20, for (n=1, m, k=m - n + 1; write("b060540.txt", i++, " ", (n*k)!/(k!^n*n!))); ) } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jul 06 2009

T(n,k) = (n*k)!/(k!^n*n!) = T(n-1,k)*A060543(n,k) = A060538(n,k)/k!.

T(n,k) = Product_{j=2..n} binomial(j*k-1,k-1). - M. F. Hasler, Aug 22 2014

Definition reworded by M. F. Hasler, Aug 23 2014

A117506 Irregular triangle read by rows: dimensions of the irreducible representations of the symmetric group S_n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 1, 1, 5, 9, 5, 10, 16, 5, 10, 9, 5, 1, 1, 6, 14, 14, 15, 35, 21, 21, 20, 35, 14, 15, 14, 6, 1, 1, 7, 20, 28, 14, 21, 64, 70, 56, 42, 35, 90, 56, 70, 14, 35, 64, 28, 21, 20, 7, 1

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 13 2006

The n-th row has partition(n) = A000041(n) entries.
Also the numbers of standard Young tableaux for Young diagrams (or partitions).
Also "generalized" Catalan numbers. For a partition of n, n=(n_1+...+n_d), this is the number of integral lattice paths from (0,...,0) to (n_1,...,n_d) such that for any point p=(p_1,...p_d) on such a path p_i is never less than p_j whenever iGraham H. Hawkes, Jul 05 2013
The irreducible representations of S_n correspond to Young diagrams or partitions.
Partitions of n are ordered according to Abramowitz-Stegun (A-St) (see the reference, pp. 831-2). In contrast to A-St, a partition has nondecreasing parts (reverse notation of A-St).
The dimension of a representation of S_n corresponding to a Young diagram or partition is a(n,k) for the k-th partition of n in this A-St order.
One could call these numbers a(n,k) M_4 (similar to M_0, M_1, M_2, M_3 given in A111786, A036038, A036039, A036040, respectively).
From Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 09 2015: (Start)
The first formula given below appears in A. Young, Q.S.A. III, PLMS 28 (1928) 255-292 (third paper on "On Quantitative Substitutional Analysis"), Theorem II on p. 260, and he calls it f; see the collected papers (CP) reference, p. 357. Note the shorthand notation for the products; see Q.S.A. II, PLMS 34 (1902) 361-397, p. 366, CP, p. 97, for the explicit one.
This formula also can be found in the Glass-Ng link, Theorem 1, p. 702, using the Vandermonde determinant in the numerator and re-indexing the denominator.
The product of the hook length numbers, called H(n, k) in this formula below, is found in A263003(n, k).
The squared row entries sum to n!. See A. Young, Q.S.A. II (see above), pp. 367-368, CP pp. 98-99. Also Q.S.A. III, p. 265, CP p. 362.
(End)

			[1];
[1];
[1, 1];
[1, 2, 1];
[1, 3, 2, 3, 1];
[1, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 1];
[1, 5, 9, 5, 10, 16, 5, 10, 9, 5, 1];...
a(4,4)=3 because the 4th partition of n=4 in A-St order is [2,1,1],
and H(4,4)=(4!*2!*1!)/Vandermonde([4,2,1]) = (4!*2)/6 =4*2, hence
4!/H(4,4) = 3.
a(4,4)=3 because the hook lengths of the Young diagram of [2,1,1] are [4, 1; 2; 1], hence 4!/(4*1*2*1) = 3.
The sum of the squared entries of each row gives n!: n = 5: 2*(1^1 + 4^2 + 5^2) + 6^2 = 120 = 5!. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Oct 09 2015

G. de B. Robinson (ed.), The Collected Papers of Alfred Young 1873-1940, University of Toronto Press, 1977.
G. B. Wybourne, Symmetry principles and atomic spectroscopy, Wiley, New York, 1970, p. 9.

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..30, flattened
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
A. M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, pp. 831-2.
Kenneth Glass and Chi-Keung Ng, A Simple Proof of the Hook Length Formula, Am. Math. Monthly 111 (2004) 700 - 704.
Graham H. Hawkes, An Elementary Proof of a Formula for SYT, arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.5919 [math.CO], 2013-2014.
Wolfdieter Lang, First 15 rows.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hook length formula.
Doron Zeilberger, Andre's Reflection Proof Generalized to the Many-Candidate Ballot Problem, Discrete Mathematics 44 (1983) 325-326.
Index entries for sequences related to groups

Cf. A000041, A000085 (row sums), A060240 (rows sorted), A263003.

Cf. A067924.

h:= l-> (n-> mul(mul(1+l[i]-j+add(`if`(l[k]>=j, 1, 0),
             k=i+1..n), j=1..l[i]), i=1..n))(nops(l)):
g:= (n, i, l)-> `if`(n=0 or i=1, [h([l[], 1$n])],
    [g(n, i-1, l)[], g(n-i, min(n-i, i), [l[], i])[]]):
T:= n-> map(x-> n!/x, g(n$2, []))[]:
seq(T(n), n=0..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, Nov 05 2015

h[l_List] := Function[n, Product[Product[1 + l[[i]] - j + Sum[If[l[[k]] >= j, 1, 0], {k, i+1, n}], {j, 1, l[[i]]}], {i, 1, n}]][Length[l]]; g[n_, i_, l_List] := If[n==0 || i==1, Join[{h[Join[l, Array[1&, n]]]}], If[i<1, {}, Join[{g[n, i-1, l]}, If[i>n, {}, g[n-i, i, Join[l, {i}]]]]]] // Flatten; T[n_] := n!/ g[n, n, {}]; Table[T[n], {n, 0, 10}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 19 2015, after Alois P. Heinz *)

a(n,k) = n!/H(n,k) with H(n,k):= Product_{i=1..m(n,k)} (x_i)!/Det(x_i^(m(n,k)-j)) with the Vandermonde determinant for the variables x_i:=lambda(n,k)_i + m(n,k)-i, i,j=1..m(n,k) if m(n,k) is the number of parts of the k-th partition of n, called lambda(n,k), in the A-St order (see above). Lambda(n,k)_i denotes the i-th part of the partition lambda(n,k), sorted in decreasing order (this is the reverse of the A-St notation).

a(n,k) = n!/Product_{j=1..n}(h(n,k,j) with the hook numbers h(n,k,j) of the Young diagram of the partition lambda(n,k) in the A-St order. See the link for 'hook length formula'.

Row n=0 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Nov 05 2015

A263916 Coefficients of the Faber partition polynomials.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, -2, 1, -3, 3, -1, -4, 4, 2, -4, 1, -5, 5, 5, -5, -5, 5, -1, -6, 6, 6, -6, 3, -12, 6, -2, 9, -6, 1, -7, 7, 7, -7, 7, -14, 7, -7, -7, 21, -7, 7, -14, 7, -1, -8, 8, 8, -8, 8, -16, 8, 4, -16, -8, 24, -8, -8, 12, 24, -32, 8, 2, -16, 20, -8, 1

Offset: 1

Tom Copeland, Oct 29 2015

The coefficients of the Faber polynomials F(n,b(1),b(2),...,b(n)) (Bouali, p. 52) in the order of the partitions of Abramowitz and Stegun. Compare with A115131 and A210258.
These polynomials occur in discussions of the Virasoro algebra, univalent function spaces and the Schwarzian derivative, symmetric functions, and free probability theory. They are intimately related to symmetric functions, free probability, and Appell sequences through the raising operator R = x - d log(H(D))/dD for the Appell sequence inverse pair associated to the e.g.f.s H(t)e^(xt) (cf. A094587) and (1/H(t))e^(xt) with H(0)=1.
Instances of the Faber polynomials occur in discussions of modular invariants and modular functions in the papers by Asai, Kaneko, and Ninomiya, by Ono and Rolen, and by Zagier. - Tom Copeland, Aug 13 2019
The Faber polynomials, denoted by s_n(a(t)) where a(t) is a formal power series defined by a product formula, are implicitly defined by equation 13.4 on p. 62 of Hazewinkel so as to extract the power sums of the reciprocals of the zeros of a(t). This is the Newton identity expressing the power sum symmetric polynomials in terms of the elementary symmetric polynomials/functions. - Tom Copeland, Jun 06 2020
From Tom Copeland, Oct 15 2020: (Start)
With a_n = n! * b_n = (n-1)! * c_n for n  > 0, represent a function with f(0) = a_0 = b_0 = 1 as an
A) exponential generating function (e.g.f), or formal Taylor series: f(x) = e^{a.x} = 1 + Sum_{n > 0} a_n * x^n/n!
B) ordinary generating function (o.g.f.), or formal power series: f(x)  = 1/(1-b.x) = 1 + Sum_{n > 0}  b_n * x^n
C) logarithmic generating function (l.g.f): f(x) = 1 - log(1 - c.x) = 1 + Sum_{n > 0}  c_n * x^n /n.
Expansions of log(f(x)) are given in
I) A127671 and A263634 for the e.g.f: log[ e^{a.*x} ] =  e^{L.(a_1,a_2,...)x} = Sum_{n > 0} L_n(a_1,...,a_n) * x^n/n!, the logarithmic polynomials, cumulant expansion polynomials
II) A263916 for the o.g.f.: log[ 1/(1-b.x) ] =  log[ 1 - F.(b_1,b_2,...)x ] = -Sum_{n > 0} F_n(b_1,...,b_n) * x^n/n, the Faber polynomials.
Expansions of exp(f(x)-1) are given in
III) A036040 for an e.g.f: exp[ e^{a.x} - 1 ] = e^{BELL.(a_1,...)x}, the Bell/Touchard/exponential partition polynomials, a.k.a. the Stirling partition polynomials of the second kind
IV) A130561 for an o.g.f.: exp[ b.x/(1-b.x) ] = e^{LAH.(b.,...)x}, the Lah partition polynomials
V) A036039 for an l.g.f.: exp[ -log(1-c.x) ] =  e^{CIP.(c_1,...)x}, the cycle index polynomials of the symmetric groups S_n, a.k.a. the Stirling partition polynomials of the first kind.
Since exp and log are a compositional inverse pair, one can extract the indeterminates of the log set of partition polynomials from the exp set and vice versa. For a discussion of the relations among these polynomials and the combinatorics of connected and disconnected graphs/maps, see Novak and LaCroix on classical moments and cumulants and the two books on statistical mechanics referenced in A036040. (End)

			F(1,b1) = - b1
F(2,b1,b2) = -2 b2 + b1^2
F(3,b1,b2,b3) = -3 b3 + 3 b1 b2 - b1^3
F(4,b1,...) = -4 b4 + 4 b1 b3 + 2 b2^2  - 4 b1^2 b2 + b1^4
F(5,...) = -5 b5 + 5 b1 b4 + 5 b2 b3 - 5 b1^2 b3 - 5 b1 b2^2 + 5 b1^3 b2 - b1^5
------------------------------
IF(1,b1) = -b1
IF(2,b1,,b2) = -b2 + b1^2
IF(3,b1,b2,b3) = -2 b3 + 3 b1 b2 - b1^3
IF(4,b1,...) = -6 b4 + 8 b1 b3 + 3 b2^2  - 6 b1^2 b2 + b1^4
IF(5,...) = -24 b5 + 30 b1 b4 + 20 b2 b3 - 20 b1^2 b3 - 15 b1 b2^2 + 10 b1^3 b2 - b1^5
------------------------------
For 1/(1+x)^2 = 1- 2x + 3x^2 - 4x^3 + 5x^4 - ..., F(n,-2,3,-4,...) = (-1)^(n+1) 2.
------------------------------
F(n,x,2x,...,nx), F(n,-x,2x,-3x,...,(-1)^n n*x), and F(n,(2-x),1,0,0,...) are related to the Chebyshev polynomials through A127677 and A111125. See also A110162, A156308, A208513, A217476, and A220668.
------------------------------
For b1 = p, b2 = q, and all other indeterminates 0, see A113279 and A034807.
For b1 = -y, b2 = 1 and all other indeterminates 0, see A127672.

H. Airault, "Symmetric sums associated to the factorization of Grunsky coefficients," in Groups and Symmetries: From Neolithic Scots to John McKay, CRM Proceedings and Lecture Notes: Vol. 47, edited by J. Harnad and P. Winternitz, American Mathematical Society, 2009.
D. Bleeker and B. Booss, Index Theory with Applications to Mathematics and Physics, International Press, 2013, (see section 16.7 Characteristic Classes and Curvature).
M. Hazewinkel, Formal Groups and Applications, Academic Press, New York San Francisco London, 1978, p. 120.
F. Hirzebruch, Topological methods in algebraic geometry. Second, corrected printing of the third edition. Die Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 131 Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 1978, p. 11 and 92.
D. Knutson, λ-Rings and the Representation Theory of the Symmetric Group, Lect. Notes in Math. 308, Springer-Verlag, 1973, p. 35.
D. Yau, Lambda-Rings, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2010, p. 45.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5762
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
H. Airault, Remarks on Faber polynomials, International Mathematical Forum, 3, no. 9, 2008, pages 449-456.
H. Airault and A. Bouali, Differential calculus on the Faber polynomials, Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, Volume 130, Issue 3, April-May 2006, pages 179-222.
H. Airault and Y. Neretin, On the action of the Virasoro algebra on the space of univalent functions, arXiv:0704.2149 [math.RT], 2007.
F. Ardila, Algebraic and geometric methods in enumerative combinatorics, arXiv:1409.2562 [math.CO], 2015.
T. Asai, M. Kaneko, and H. Ninomiya, Zeros of certain modular functions and an application, 1997.
A. Bouali, Faber polynomials Cayley-Hamilton equation and Newton symmetric functions, Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, Volume 130, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2006, pages 49-70.
J. M. Campbell, Combinatorial interpretations of primitivity in the algebra of symmetric functions, Sarajevo J. Math., 17(30) (2021), 151--165.
P. Cartier, Mathemagics: A tribute to L. Euler and R. Feynman, Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire 44 (2000), Article B44d, 2000, p. 53.
P. Cartier, A primer of Hopf algebras, preprint, Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, France, 2006, pp. 56 and 57.
V. Chan, Topological K-theory of complex projective spaces, senior's thesis UC Davis (p. 11 on Chern characters of complex vector bundles), 2013.
Gi-Sang Cheon, Hana Kim, and Louis W. Shapiro, An algebraic structure for Faber polynomials, Lin. Alg. Applic. 433 (2010) 1170-1179.
Tom Copeland, Lagrange a la Lah, 2011.
Tom Copeland, Cycling through the Zeta Garden: Zeta functions for graphs, cycle index polynomials, and determinants, MathOverflow question, 2012.
Tom Copeland, Addendum to Elliptic Lie Triad, 2015.
Tom Copeland, Connection between the Chebyshev polynomials and the Faber polynomials, MathOverflow question, 2015.
Tom Copeland, The Faber Appells, 2020.
Tom Copeland, Appells and Roses: Newton, Leibniz, Euler, Riemann and Symmetric Polynomials, 2020.
A. Dress and C. Siebeneicher, The Burnside ring of the infinite cyclic group and its relations to the necklace algebra, lambda-rings, and the universal ring of Witt vectors, Adv. in Math., Vol. 78, Issue 1, Nov. 1989, pages 1-41.
D. Dugger, A Geometric Introduction to K-Theory, p. 288 (called Newton polynomials).
M. Eiermann and R. Varga, Zeros and local extreme points of Faber polynomials associated with hypocycloidal domains, Elect. Trans. on Numer. Analysis, Vol. 1, p. 49-71, 1993.
H. Figueroa and J. Gracia-Bondia, Combinatorial Hopf algebras in quantum field theory I, arXiv:0408145 [hep-th], 2005, (normalized versions on pp. 42 and 78, denoted as Schur polynomials).
R. Friedrich and J. McKay, Formal groups, Witt vectors and free probability, arXiv:1204.6522 [math.OA], 2012.
A. Hatcher, Vector Bundles and K-Theory, Version 2.2, 2017, p. 63.
M. Hazewinkel, Three lectures on formal group laws, Canadian Mathematical Society Conference Proceedings, Vol. 5, p. 51-67, 1986.
Y. He, The Calabi-Yau Landscape: from Geometry, to Physics, to Machine-Learning, arXiv:1812.02893 [hep-th], 2018, p. 146.
O. Iena, On symbolic computations with Chern classes: Remarks on the library CHERN.LIB for SINGULAR, p. 6.
B. Konopelchenko, Quantum deformations of associative algebras and integrable systems, arXiv:0802.3022 [nlin.SI], 2008.
R. Lu, Regularized equivariant Euler classes and gamma functions, Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Pure Mathematics, University of Adelaide, 2008, p. 86.
K. Maslanka, Effective method of computing Li’S coefficients and their propertie, arXiv:0402168v5 [math.NT], 2004, p. 6.
MathOverflow, Canonical reference for Chern characteristic classes, a question posed by Tom Copeland, 2019.
J. McKay and A. Sebbar, On replicable functions: an introduction, Frontiers in Number Theory, Physics, and Geometry II, pp. 373-386.
L. Nicolaescu, Lectures on the Geometry of Manifolds, p.337, 2018.
J. Novak and M. LaCroix, Three lectures on free probability, arXiv:1205.2097 [math.CO], 2012.
K. Ono and L. Rolen, On Witten's extremal partition functions , arXiv:1807.00444 [math.NT], 2019.
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Wikipedia, Newton identities.
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Cf. Row sums of absolute values: A000225.
Cf. A034807, A036039, A036040, A094587, A110162, A111125, A113279, A115131.
Cf. A127671, A127672, A127677, A130561, A133314, A156308, A208513, A210258.
Cf. A217476, A220668.
Cf. A263634.

F[0] = 1; F[1] = -b[1]; F[2] = b[1]^2 - 2 b[2]; F[n_] := F[n] = -b[1] F[n - 1] - Sum[b[n - k] F[k], {k, 1, n - 2}] - n b[n] // Expand;
row[n_] := (List @@ F[n]) /. b[_] -> 1 // Reverse;
Table[row[n], {n, 1, 8}] // Flatten // Rest (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 12 2017 *)

-log(1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ...) = Sum_{n>=1} F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) * x^n/n.
-d(1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ...)/dx / (1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ...) = Sum_{n>=1} F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) x^(n-1).
F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) = -n*b(n) - Sum_{k=1..n-1} b(n-k)*F(k,b(1),...,b(k)).
Umbrally, with B(x) = 1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ..., B(x) = exp[log(1-F.x)] and 1/B(x) = exp[-log(1-F.x)], establishing a connection to the e.g.f. of A036039 and the symmetric polynomials.
The Stirling partition polynomials of the first kind St1(n,b1,b2,...,bn;-1) = IF(n,b1,b2,...,bn) (cf. the Copeland link Lagrange a la Lah, signed A036039, and p. 184 of Airault and Bouali), i.e., the cyclic partition polynomials for the symmetric groups, and the Faber polynomials form an inverse pair for isolating the indeterminates in their definition, for example, F(3,IF(1,b1),IF(2,b1,b2)/2!,IF(3,b1,b2,b3)/3!)= b3, with bk = b(k), and IF(3,F(1,b1),F(2,b1,b2),F(3,b1,b2,b3))/3!= b3.
The polynomials specialize to F(n,t,t,...) = (1-t)^n - 1.
See Newton Identities on Wikipedia on relation between the power sum symmetric polynomials and the complete homogeneous and elementary symmetric polynomials for an expression in multinomials for the coefficients of the Faber polynomials.
(n-1)! F(n,x[1],x[2]/2!,...,x[n]/n!) = - p_n(x[1],...,x[n]), where p_n are the cumulants of A127671 expressed in terms of the moments x[n]. - Tom Copeland, Nov 17 2015
-(n-1)! F(n,B(1,x[1]),B(2,x[1],x[2])/2!,...,B(n,x[1],...,x[n])/n!) = x[n] provides an extraction of the indeterminates of the complete Bell partition polynomials B(n,x[1],...,x[n]) of A036040. Conversely, IF(n,-x[1],-x[2],-x[3]/2!,...,-x[n]/(n-1)!) = B(n,x[1],...,x[n]). - Tom Copeland, Nov 29 2015
For a square matrix M, determinant(I - x M) = exp[-Sum_{k>0} (trace(M^k) x^k / k)] = Sum_{n>0} [ P_n(-trace(M),-trace(M^2),...,-trace(M^n)) x^n/n! ] = 1 + Sum_{n>0} (d[n] x^n), where P_n(x[1],...,x[n]) are the cycle index partition polynomials of A036039 and d[n] = P_n(-trace(M),-trace(M^2),...,-trace(M^n)) / n!. Umbrally, det(I - x M)= exp[log(1 - b. x)] = exp[P.(-b_1,..,-b_n)x] = 1 / (1-d.x), where b_k = tr(M^k). Then F(n,d[1],...,d[n]) = tr[M^n]. - Tom Copeland, Dec 04 2015
Given f(x) = -log(g(x)) = -log(1 + b(1) x + b(2) x^2 + ...) = Sum_{n>=1} F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) * x^n/n, action on u_n = F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) with A133932 gives the compositional inverse finv(x) of f(x), with F(1,b(1)) not equal to zero, and f(g(finv(x))) = f(e^(-x)). Note also that exp(f(x)) = 1 / g(x) = exp[Sum_{n>=1} F(n,b(1),...,b(n)) * x^n/n] implies relations among A036040, A133314, A036039, and the Faber polynomials. - Tom Copeland, Dec 16 2015
The Dress and Siebeneicher paper gives combinatorial interpretations and various relations that the Faber polynomials must satisfy for integral values of its arguments. E.g., Eqn. (1.2) p. 2 implies [2 * F(1,-1) + F(2,-1,b2) + F(4,-1,b2,b3,b4)]  mod(4) = 0. This equation implies that [F(n,b1,b2,...,bn)-(-b1)^n] mod(n) = 0 for n prime. - Tom Copeland, Feb 01 2016
With the elementary Schur polynomials S(n,a_1,a_2,...,a_n) = Lah(n,a_1,a_2,...,a_n) / n!, where Lah(n,...) are the refined Lah polynomials of A130561, F(n,S(1,a_1),S(2,a_1,a_2),...,S(n,a_1,...,a_n)) = -n * a_n since sum_{n > 0} a_n x^n = log[sum{n >= 0} S(n,a_1,...,a_n) x^n]. Conversely, S(n,-F(1,a_1),-F(2,a_1,a_2)/2,...,-F(n,a_1,...,a_n)/n) = a_n. - Tom Copeland, Sep 07 2016
See Corollary 3.1.3 on p. 38 of Ardila and Copeland's two MathOverflow links to relate the Faber polynomials, with arguments being the signed elementary symmetric polynomials, to the logarithm of determinants, traces of powers of an adjacency matrix, and number of walks on graphs. - Tom Copeland, Jan 02 2017
The umbral inverse polynomials IF appear on p. 19 of Konopelchenko as partial differential operators. - Tom Copeland, Nov 19 2018

More terms from Jean-François Alcover, Jun 12 2017

cp's OEIS Frontend

A126120 Catalan numbers (A000108) interpolated with 0's.

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A036043 Irregular triangle read by rows: row n (n >= 0) gives number of parts in all partitions of n (in Abramowitz and Stegun order).

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A048996 Irregular triangle read by rows. Preferred multisets: numbers refining A007318 using format described in A036038.

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A080510 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) gives the number of set partitions of {1,...,n} with maximum block length k.

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A106400 Thue-Morse sequence: let A_k denote the first 2^k terms; then A_0 = 1 and for k >= 0, A_{k+1} = A_k B_k, where B_k is obtained from A_k by interchanging 1's and -1's.

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A060540 Square array read by antidiagonals downwards: T(n,k) = (nk)!/(k!^nn!), (n>=1, k>=1), the number of ways of dividing nk labeled items into n unlabeled boxes with k items in each box.