A059260 -id:A059260 - cp's OEIS frontend

A059570 Number of fixed points in all 231-avoiding involutions in S_n.

1, 2, 6, 14, 34, 78, 178, 398, 882, 1934, 4210, 9102, 19570, 41870, 89202, 189326, 400498, 844686, 1776754, 3728270, 7806066, 16311182, 34020466, 70837134, 147266674, 305718158, 633805938, 1312351118, 2714180722, 5607318414, 11572550770, 23860929422

Offset: 1

Emeric Deutsch, Feb 16 2001

Number of odd parts in all compositions (ordered partitions) of n: a(3)=6 because in 3=2+1=1+2=1+1+1 we have 6 odd parts. Number of even parts in all compositions (ordered partitions) of n+1: a(3)=6 because in 4=3+1=1+3=2+2=2+1+1=1+2+1=1+1+2=1+1+1+1 we have 6 even parts.
Convolved with (1, 2, 2, 2, ...) = A001787: (1, 4, 12, 32, 80, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, May 23 2009
An elephant sequence, see A175654. For the corner squares 36 A[5] vectors, with decimal values between 15 and 480, lead to this sequence. For the central square these vectors lead to the companion sequence 4*A172481, for n>=-1. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 15 2010
a(n) is the total number of runs of equal parts in the compositions of n. a(5) = 34 because there are 34 runs of equal parts in the compositions of 5, with parentheses enclosing each run: (5), (4)(1), (1)(4), (3)(2), (2)(3), (3)(1,1), (1)(3)(1), (1,1)(3), (2,2)(1), (2)(1)(2), (1)(2,2), (2)(1,1,1), (1)(2)(1,1), (1,1)(2)(1), (1,1,1)(2), (1,1,1,1,1). - Gregory L. Simay, Apr 28 2017
a(n) - a(n-2) is the number of 1's in all compositions of n and more generally, the number of k's in all compositions of n+k-1. - Gregory L. Simay, May 01 2017

			a(3) = 6 because in the 231-avoiding involutions of {1,2,3}, i.e., in 123, 132, 213, 321, we have altogether 6 fixed points (3+1+1+1).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Roland Bacher, Chebyshev polynomials, quadratic surds and a variation of Pascal's triangle, arXiv:1509.09054 [math.CO], 2015.
S. Heubach and T. Mansour, Counting rises, levels and drops in compositions, arXiv:math/0310197 [math.CO], 2003.
Brian Hopkins, Andrew V. Sills, Thotsaporn "Aek" Thanatipanonda, and Hua Wang, Parts and subword patterns in compositions, Preprint 2015.
Silvana Ramaj, New Results on Cyclic Compositions and Multicompositions, Master's Thesis, Georgia Southern Univ., 2021. See p. 30.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,0,-4).

Cf. A001787, A027934, A045623, A127984, A128255, A172481, A225084.

[(3*n+4)*2^n/18-2*(-1)^n/9: n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 01 2017

LinearRecurrence[{3,0,-4},{1,2,6},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 29 2013 *)
Table[(3 n + 4) 2^n/18 - 2 (-1)^n/9, {n, 30}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, May 01 2017 *)

a(n) = (3*n+4)*2^n/18 - 2*(-1)^n/9.
G.f.: z*(1-z)/((1+z)*(1-2*z)^2).
a(n) = Sum_{j=0..n} Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n-k, k+j)*2^k. - Paul Barry, Aug 29 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n+1} (-1)^(k+1)*binomial(n+1, k+j)*A001045(k). - Paul Barry, Jan 30 2005
Convolution of "Expansion of (1-x)/(1-x-2*x^2)" (A078008) with "Powers of 2" (A000079), treating the result as if offset=1. - Graeme McRae, Jul 12 2006
Convolution of "Difference sequence of A045623" (A045891) with "Positive integers repeated" (A008619), treating the result as if offset=1. - Graeme McRae, Jul 12 2006
a(n) = 3*a(n-1)-4*a(n-3); a(1)=1,a(2)=2,a(3)=6. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 30 2006
Equals row sums of A128255. (1, 2, 6, 14, 34, ...) - (0, 0, 1, 2, 6, 14, 34, ...) = A045623: (1, 2, 5, 12, 28, 64, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 20 2007
Equals triangle A059260 * [1, 2, 3, ...] as a vector. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 06 2012
a(n) + a(n-1) = A001792(n-1). - Gregory L. Simay, Apr 30 2017
a(n) - a(n-2) = A045623(n-1). - Gregory L. Simay, May 01 2017
a(n) = A045623(n-1) + A045623(n-3) + A045623(n-5) + ... - Gregory L. Simay, Feb 19 2018
a(n) = A225084(2n,n). - Alois P. Heinz, Aug 30 2018

More terms from Eugene McDonnell (eemcd(AT)mac.com), Jan 13 2005

A059259 Triangle read by rows giving coefficient T(i,j) of x^i y^j in 1/(1-x-x*y-y^2) = 1/((1+y)(1-x-y)) for (i,j) = (0,0), (1,0), (0,1), (2,0), (1,1), (0,2), ...

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 1, 4, 7, 6, 3, 0, 1, 5, 11, 13, 9, 3, 1, 1, 6, 16, 24, 22, 12, 4, 0, 1, 7, 22, 40, 46, 34, 16, 4, 1, 1, 8, 29, 62, 86, 80, 50, 20, 5, 0, 1, 9, 37, 91, 148, 166, 130, 70, 25, 5, 1, 1, 10, 46, 128, 239, 314, 296, 200

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 23 2001

This sequence provides the general solution to the recurrence a(n) = a(n-1) + k*(k+1)*a(n-2), a(0)=a(1)=1. The solution is (1, 1, k^2 + k + 1, 2*k^2 + 2*k + 1, ...) whose coefficients can be read from the rows of the triangle. The row sums of the triangle are given by the case k=1. These are the Jacobsthal numbers, A001045. Viewed as a square array, its first row is (1,0,1,0,1,...) with e.g.f. cosh(x), g.f. 1/(1-x^2) and subsequent rows are successive partial sums given by 1/((1-x)^n * (1-x^2)). - Paul Barry, Mar 17 2003
Conjecture: every second column of this triangle is identical to a column in the square array A071921. For example, column 4 of A059259 (1, 3, 9, 22, 46, ...) appears to be the same as column 3 of A071921; column 6 of A059259 (1, 4, 16, 50, 130, 296, ...) appears to be the same as column 4 of A071921; and in general column 2k of A059259 appears to be the same as column k+1 of A071921. Furthermore, since A225010 is a transposition of A071921 (ignoring the latter's top row and two leftmost columns), there appears to be a correspondence between column 2k of A059259 and row k of A225010. - Mathew Englander, May 17 2014
T(n,k) is the number of n-tilings of a (one-dimensional) board that use k (1,1)-fence tiles and n-k squares. A (1,1)-fence is a tile composed of two pieces of width 1 separated by a gap of width 1. - Michael A. Allen, Jun 25 2020
See the Edwards-Allen 2020 paper, page 14, for proof of Englander's conjecture. - Michael De Vlieger, Dec 10 2020

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,  0;
  1,  1,  1;
  1,  2,  2,   0;
  1,  3,  4,   2,   1;
  1,  4,  7,   6,   3,   0;
  1,  5, 11,  13,   9,   3,   1;
  1,  6, 16,  24,  22,  12,   4,   0;
  1,  7, 22,  40,  46,  34,  16,   4,  1;
  1,  8, 29,  62,  86,  80,  50,  20,  5,  0;
  1,  9, 37,  91, 148, 166, 130,  70, 25,  5, 1;
  1, 10, 46, 128, 239, 314, 296, 200, 95, 30, 6, 0;
...

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for the first 50 rows, flattened
Joseph Briggs, Alex Parker, Coy Schwieder, and Chris Wells, Frogs, hats and common subsequences, arXiv:2404.07285 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 28.
Kenneth Edwards and Michael A. Allen, New Combinatorial Interpretations of the Fibonacci Numbers Squared, Golden Rectangle Numbers, and Jacobsthal Numbers Using Two Types of Tile, arXiv:2009.04649 [math.CO], 2020.

See A059260 for an explicit formula.
Diagonals of this triangle are given by A006498.
Similar to the triangles A035317, A080242, A108561, A112555.
Cf. A123521, A157897.

read transforms; 1/(1-x-x*y-y^2); SERIES2(%,x,y,12); SERIES2TOLIST(%,x,y,12);

T[n_, 0]:= 1; T[n_, n_]:= (1+(-1)^n)/2; T[n_, k_]:= T[n, k] = T[n-1, k] + T[n-1, k-1]; Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 10} , {k, 0, n}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Jan 03 2017 *)

{T(n,k) = if(k==0, 1, if(k==n, (1+(-1)^n)/2, T(n-1,k) +T(n-1,k-1)) )};
for(n=0,10, for(k=0,n, print1(T(n,k), ", "))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Apr 29 2019

def A059259_row(n):
    @cached_function
    def prec(n, k):
        if k==n: return (-1)^n
        if k==0: return 0
        return prec(n-1,k-1)-sum(prec(n,k+i-1) for i in (2..n-k+1))
    return [(-1)^(n-k+1)*prec(n+1, k) for k in (1..n)]
for n in (1..12): print(A059259_row(n)) # Peter Luschny, Mar 16 2016

G.f.: 1/(1 - x - x*y - y^2).
As a square array read by antidiagonals, this is T(n, k) = Sum_{i=0..n} (-1)^(n-i)*C(i+k, k). - Paul Barry, Jul 01 2003
T(2*n,n) = A026641(n). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 08 2007
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + T(n-2,k-1) + T(n-2,k-2), T(0,0) = T(1,0) = T(2,0) = T(2,1) = T(2,2)=1, T(1,1)=0, T(n,k)=0 if k < 0 or if k > n. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 24 2013
T(n,0) = 1, T(n,n) = (1+(-1)^n)/2, and T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) for 0 < k < n. - Mathew Englander, May 24 2014
From Michael A. Allen, Jun 25 2020: (Start)
T(n,k) + T(n-1,k-1) = binomial(n,k) if n >= k > 0.
T(2*n-1,2*n-2) = T(2*n,2*n-1) = n, T(2*n,2*n-2) = n^2, T(2*n+1,2*n-1) = n*(n+1) for n > 0.
T(n,2) = binomial(n-2,2) + n - 1 for n > 1 and T(n,3) = binomial(n-3,3) + 2*binomial(n-2,2) for n > 2.
T(2*n-k,k) = A123521(n,k). (End)

A035317 Pascal-like triangle associated with A000670.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 11, 13, 9, 3, 1, 6, 16, 24, 22, 12, 4, 1, 7, 22, 40, 46, 34, 16, 4, 1, 8, 29, 62, 86, 80, 50, 20, 5, 1, 9, 37, 91, 148, 166, 130, 70, 25, 5, 1, 10, 46, 128, 239, 314, 296, 200, 95, 30, 6, 1, 11, 56, 174, 367, 553, 610, 496, 295, 125

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

From Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011: (Start)
The triangle sums, see A180662 for their definitions, link this "Races with Ties" triangle with several sequences, see the crossrefs. Observe that the Kn4 sums lead to the golden rectangle numbers A001654 and that the Fi1 and Fi2 sums lead to the Jacobsthal sequence A001045.
The series expansion of G(x, y) = 1/((y*x-1)*(y*x+1)*((y+1)*x-1)) as function of x leads to this sequence, see the second Maple program. (End)
T(2n,k) = the number of hatted frog arrangements with k frogs on the 2xn grid. See the linked paper "Frogs, hats and common subsequences". - Chris Cox, Apr 12 2024

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  2,  2;
  1,  3,  4,   2;
  1,  4,  7,   6,   3;
  1,  5, 11,  13,   9,   3;
  1,  6, 16,  24,  22,  12,   4;
  1,  7, 22,  40,  46,  34,  16,   4;
  1,  8, 29,  62,  86,  80,  50,  20,  5;
  1,  9, 37,  91, 148, 166, 130,  70, 25,  5;
  1, 10, 46, 128, 239, 314, 296, 200, 95, 30, 6;
  ...

Vincenzo Librandi, Rows n = 0..100, flattened
Joseph Briggs, Alex Parker, Coy Schwieder, and Chris Wells, Frogs, hats and common subsequences, arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.07285 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 28.
A. Hlavác, M. Marvan, Nonlocal conservation laws of the constant astigmatism equation, arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.06861 [nlin.SI], 2016.
E. Mendelson, Races with Ties, Math. Mag. 55 (1982), 170-175.
Index entries for triangles and arrays related to Pascal's triangle

Row sums are A000975, diagonal sums are A080239.
Central terms are A014300.
Similar to the triangles A059259, A080242, A108561, A112555.
Cf. A059260.
Triangle sums (see the comments): A000975 (Row1), A059841 (Row2), A080239 (Kn11), A052952 (Kn21), A129696 (Kn22), A001906 (Kn3), A001654 (Kn4), A001045 (Fi1, Fi2), A023435 (Ca2), Gi2 (A193146), A190525 (Ze2), A193147 (Ze3), A181532 (Ze4). - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011
Cf. A181971.

a035317 n k = a035317_tabl !! n !! k
a035317_row n = a035317_tabl !! n
a035317_tabl = map snd $ iterate f (0, [1]) where
   f (i, row) = (1 - i, zipWith (+) ([0] ++ row) (row ++ [i]))
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 09 2012

A035317 := proc(n,k): add((-1)^(i+k) * binomial(i+n-k+1, i), i=0..k) end: seq(seq(A035317(n,k), k=0..n), n=0..10); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011
A035317 := proc(n,k): coeff(coeftayl(1/((y*x-1)*(y*x+1)*((y+1)*x-1)), x=0, n), y, k) end: seq(seq(A035317(n,k), k=0..n), n=0..10); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011

t[n_, k_] := (-1)^k*(((-1)^k*(n+2)!*Hypergeometric2F1[1, n+3, k+2, -1])/((k+1)!*(n-k+1)!) + 2^(k-n-2)); Flatten[ Table[ t[n, k], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 14 2011, after Johannes W. Meijer *)

{T(n,k)=if(n==k,(n+2)\2,if(k==0,1,if(n>k,T(n-1,k-1)+T(n-1,k))))}
for(n=0,12,for(k=0,n,print1(T(n,k),","));print("")) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jul 18 2012

def A035317_row(n):
    @cached_function
    def prec(n, k):
        if k==n: return 1
        if k==0: return 0
        return -prec(n-1,k-1)-sum(prec(n,k+i-1) for i in (2..n-k+1))
    return [(-1)^k*prec(n+2, k) for k in (1..n)]
for n in (1..11): print(A035317_row(n)) # Peter Luschny, Mar 16 2016

T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-2j, k-2j). - Paul Barry, Feb 11 2003
From Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011: (Start)
T(n, k) = Sum_{i=0..k}((-1)^(i+k) * binomial(i+n-k+1,i)). (Mendelson)
T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-1, k) with T(n, 0) = 1 and T(n, n) = floor(n/2) + 1. (Mendelson)
Sum_{k = 0..n}((-1)^k * (n-k+1)^n * T(n, k)) = A000670(n). (Mendelson)
T(n, n-k) = A128176(n, k); T(n+k, n-k) = A158909(n, k); T(2*n-k, k) = A092879(n, k). (End)
T(2*n+1,n) = A014301(n+1); T(2*n+1,n+1) = A026641(n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 19 2012

More terms from James Sellers

A087811 Numbers k such that ceiling(sqrt(k)) divides k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, 36, 42, 49, 56, 64, 72, 81, 90, 100, 110, 121, 132, 144, 156, 169, 182, 196, 210, 225, 240, 256, 272, 289, 306, 324, 342, 361, 380, 400, 420, 441, 462, 484, 506, 529, 552, 576, 600, 625, 650, 676, 702, 729, 756, 784, 812, 841

Offset: 1

Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 16 2003

Essentially the same as the quarter-squares A002620.
Nonsquare terms of this sequence are given by A002378. - Max Alekseyev, Nov 27 2006
This also gives the number of ways to make change for "c" cents using only pennies, nickels and dimes. You must first set n=floor(c/5), to account for the 5-repetitive nature of the task. - Adam Sasson, Feb 09 2011
These are the segment boundaries of Oppermann's conjecture (1882): n^2-n < p < n^2 < p < n^2+n. - Fred Daniel Kline, Apr 07 2011
a(n) is the number of triples (w,x,y) having all terms in {0..n} and w=2*x+y. - Clark Kimberling, Jun 04 2012
a(n+1) is also the number of points with integer coordinates inside a rectangle isosceles triangle with hypotenuse [0,n] (see A115065 for an equilateral triangle). - Michel Marcus, Aug 05 2013
a(n) = degree of generating polynomials of Galois numbers in (n+1)-dimensional vector space, defined as total number of subspaces in (n+1) space over GF(n) (see Mathematica procedure), when n is a power of a prime. - Artur Jasinski, Aug 31 2016, corrected by Robert Israel, Sep 23 2016
Also number of pairs (x,y) with 0 < x <= y <= n, x + y > n. - Ralf Steiner, Jan 05 2020

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..300
Ya-Ping Lu, Illustration of the Terms in A087811 on the Square Spiral
Wikipedia, Oppermann's conjecture.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,0,-2,1).

Cf. A002378, A002620, A003059, A024206, A110835, A316841, A059260.

Subsequence of A006446.

a087811 n = (n + n `mod` 2) * (n + 2 - n `mod` 2) `div` 4
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 27 2012

[ n: n in [1..841] | n mod Ceiling(Sqrt(n)) eq 0 ]; // Bruno Berselli, Feb 09 2011

f:= gfun:-rectoproc({a(n)=n+a(n-2),a(1)=1,a(2)=2},a(n),remember):
map(f, [$1..100]); # Robert Israel, Aug 31 2016

a[1] := 1; a[2] := 2; a[n_] := n + a[n - 2]; Table[a[n], {n, 57}] (* Alonso del Arte *)
GaloisNumber[n_, q_] :=
Sum[QBinomial[n, m, q], {m, 0, n}]; aa = {}; Do[
sub = Table[GaloisNumber[m, n], {n, 0, 200}];
pp = InterpolatingPolynomial[sub, x]; pol = pp /. x -> n + 1;
coef = CoefficientList[pol, n];
AppendTo[aa, Length[coef] - 1], {m, 2, 25}]; aa (* Artur Jasinski, Aug 31 2016 *)
Select[Range[900],Divisible[#,Ceiling[Sqrt[#]]]&] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {2,0,-2,1},{1,2,4,6},60] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 06 2016 *)

a(n)=(n+n%2)*(n+2-n%2)/4 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 03 2012

j=0;for(k=1,850,s=sqrtint(4*k+1);if(s>j,j=s;print1(k,", "))) \\ Hugo Pfoertner, Sep 17 2018

def A087811(n): return n*(n+2)+(n&1)>>2 # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 27 2022

a(n) = (n + n mod 2)*(n + 2 - n mod 2)/4.
Numbers of the form m^2 or m^2 - m. - Don Reble, Oct 17 2003
a(1) = 1, a(2) = 2, a(n) = n + a(n - 2). - Alonso del Arte, Jun 18 2005
From Bruno Berselli, Feb 09 2011: (Start)
G.f.: x/((1+x)*(1-x)^3).
a(n) = (2*n*(n+2)-(-1)^n+1)/8. (End)
G.f.: G(0)/(2*(1-x^2)*(1-x)), where G(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x*(2*k+1)/(x*(2*k+2) + 1/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 25 2013
a(n) = (C(n+2,2) - floor((n+2)/2))/2. - Mircea Merca, Nov 23 2013
a(n) = ((-1)^n*(-1 + (-1)^n*(1 + 2*n*(2 + n))))/8. - Fred Daniel Kline, Jan 06 2015
a(n) = Product_{k=1...n-1} (1 + 2 / (k + k mod 2)), n >= 1. - Fred Daniel Kline, Oct 30 2016
E.g.f.: (1/4)*(x*(3 + x)*cosh(x) + (1 + 3*x + x^2)*sinh(x)). - Stefano Spezia, Jan 05 2020
a(n) = (n*(n+2)+(n mod 2))/4. - Chai Wah Wu, Jul 27 2022
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Pi^2/6 + 1. - Amiram Eldar, Sep 17 2022
a(n) = A024206(n) + 1. - Ya-Ping Lu, Dec 29 2023

A097808 Riordan array ((1+2x)/(1+x)^2, 1/(1+x)) read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1, 2, 0, -2, 1, -3, 2, 2, -3, 1, 4, -5, 0, 5, -4, 1, -5, 9, -5, -5, 9, -5, 1, 6, -14, 14, 0, -14, 14, -6, 1, -7, 20, -28, 14, 14, -28, 20, -7, 1, 8, -27, 48, -42, 0, 42, -48, 27, -8, 1, -9, 35, -75, 90, -42, -42, 90, -75, 35, -9, 1, 10, -44, 110, -165, 132, 0, -132, 165, -110, 44, -10, 1

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Aug 25 2004

Inverse of A059260. Row sums are inverse binomial transform of A040000, with g.f. (1+2x)/(1+x). Diagonal sums are (-1)^n(1-Fib(n)). A097808=B^(-1)*A097806, where B is the binomial matrix. B*A097808*B^(-1) is the inverse of A097805.

			Rows begin
1;
0, 1;
-1, -1, 1;
2, 0, -2, 1;
-3, 2, 2, -3, 1;
4, -5, 0, 5, -4, 1;
-5, 9, -5, -5, 9, -5, 1;
6, -14, 14, 0, -14, 14, -6, 1;
-7, 20, -28, 14, 14, -28, 20, -7, 1;
8, -27, 48, -42, 0, 42, -48, 27, -8, 1;

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10010 (rows 0 to 140, flattened)

T:= proc(n,k) option remember;
if k < 0 or k > n then return 0 fi;
procname (n-1,k-1)-3*procname(n-1,k)+2*procname(n-2,k-1)-3*procname(n-2,k)+
procname(n-3,k-1)-procname(n-3,k)
end proc:
T(0,0):= 1: T(1,1):= 1: T(2,2):= 1:
T(1,0):= 0: T(2,0):= -1: T(2,1):= -1:
seq(seq(T(n,k),k=0..n),n=0..12); # Robert Israel, Jul 16 2019

(* The function RiordanArray is defined in A256893. *)
RiordanArray[(1 + 2 #)/(1 + #)^2&, #/(1 + #)&, 12] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 16 2019 *)

Columns have g.f. (1+2x)/(1+x)^2(x/(1+x))^k.
T(n,k)=T(n-1,k-1)-3*T(n-1,k)+2*T(n-2,k-1)-3*T(n-2,k)+T(n-3,k-1)-T(n-3,k), T(0,0)=T(1,1)=T(2,2)=1, T(1,0)=0, T(2,0)=T(2,1)=-1, T(n,k)=0 if k<0 or if k>n. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 12 2014
T(0,0)=1, T(n,0)=(-1)^(n-1)*(n-1) for n>0, T(n,n)=1, T(n,k)=T(n-1,k-1)-T(n-1,k) for 0Philippe Deléham, Jan 12 2014

A112465 Riordan array (1/(1+x), x/(1-x)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 1, 1, 0, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 1, -1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 6, 7, 4, 1, -1, 1, 3, 9, 13, 11, 5, 1, 1, 0, 4, 12, 22, 24, 16, 6, 1, -1, 1, 4, 16, 34, 46, 40, 22, 7, 1, 1, 0, 5, 20, 50, 80, 86, 62, 29, 8, 1, -1, 1, 5, 25, 70, 130, 166, 148, 91, 37, 9, 1, 1, 0, 6, 30, 95, 200, 296, 314, 239, 128, 46, 10, 1

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Sep 06 2005

Inverse is A112466. Note that C(n,k) = Sum_{j = 0..n-k} C(j+k-1, j).

			Triangle starts
   1;
  -1, 1;
   1, 0, 1;
  -1, 1, 1,  1;
   1, 0, 2,  2,  1;
  -1, 1, 2,  4,  3,  1;
   1, 0, 3,  6,  7,  4,  1;
  -1, 1, 3,  9, 13, 11,  5, 1;
   1, 0, 4, 12, 22, 24, 16, 6, 1;
Production matrix begins
  -1, 1;
   0, 1, 1;
   0, 0, 1, 1;
   0, 0, 0, 1, 1;
   0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1;
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1;
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1;
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1; - _Paul Barry_, Apr 08 2011

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 0..125 of triangle, flattened
Roland Bacher, Chebyshev polynomials, quadratic surds and a variation of Pascal's triangle, arXiv:1509.09054 [math.CO], 2015.
E. Deutsch, L. Ferrari and S. Rinaldi, Production Matrices, Advances in Mathematics, 34 (2005) pp. 101-122.
Index entries for triangles and arrays related to Pascal's triangle

Cf. A059260, A108561, A112466, A112468.
Columns: A033999(n) (k=0), A000035(n) (k=1), A004526(n) (k=2), A002620(n-1) (k=3), A002623(n-4) (k=4), A001752(n-5) (k=5), A001753(n-6) (k=6), A001769(n-7) (k=7), A001779(n-8) (k=8), A001780(n-9) (k=9), A001781(n-10) (k=10), A001786(n-11) (k=11), A001808(n-12) (k=12).
Diagonals: A000012(n) (k=n), A023443(n) (k=n-1), A152947(n-1) (k=n-2), A283551(n-3) (k=n-3).
Main diagonal: A072547.
Sums: A078008 (row), A078024 (diagonal), A092220 (signed diagonal), A280560 (signed row).

a112465 n k = a112465_tabl !! n !! k
a112465_row n = a112465_tabl !! n
a112465_tabl = iterate f [1] where
   f xs'@(x:xs) = zipWith (+) ([-x] ++ xs ++ [0]) ([0] ++ xs')
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 03 2014

A112465:= func< n,k | (-1)^(n+k)*(&+[(-1)^j*Binomial(j+k-1,j): j in [0..n-k]]) >;
[A112465(n,k): k in [0..n], n in [0..13]]; // G. C. Greubel, Apr 18 2025

T[n_, k_]:= Sum[Binomial[j+k-1, j]*(-1)^(n-k-j), {j, 0, n-k}];
Table[T[n,k], {n,0,12}, {k,0,n}]//Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 23 2018 *)

def A112465(n,k): return (-1)^(n+k)*sum((-1)^j*binomial(j+k-1,j) for j in range(n-k+1))
print(flatten([[A112465(n,k) for k in range(n+1)] for n in range(13)])) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 18 2025

Number triangle T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..n-k} (-1)^(n-k-j)*C(j+k-1, j).
T(2*n, n) = A072547(n) (main diagonal). - Paul Barry, Apr 08 2011
From Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 03 2014: (Start)
T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-1, k), 0 < k < n, with T(n, 0) = (-1)^n and T(n, n) = 1.
T(n, k) = A108561(n, n-k). (End)
T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-2, k) + T(n-2, k-1), T(0, 0) = 1, T(1, 0) = -1, T(1, 1) = 1, T(n, k) = 0 if k < 0 or if k > n. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 11 2014
exp(x) * e.g.f. for row n = e.g.f. for diagonal n. For example, for n = 3 we have exp(x)*(-1 + x + x^2/2! + x^3/3!) = -1 + 2*x^2/2! + 6*x^3/3! + 13*x^4/4! + .... The same property holds more generally for Riordan arrays of the form ( f(x), x/(1 - x) ). - Peter Bala, Dec 21 2014

A200139 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by (1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...) DELTA (1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 8, 5, 1, 8, 20, 18, 7, 1, 16, 48, 56, 32, 9, 1, 32, 112, 160, 120, 50, 11, 1, 64, 256, 432, 400, 220, 72, 13, 1, 128, 576, 1120, 1232, 840, 364, 98, 15, 1, 256, 1280, 2816, 3584, 2912, 1568, 560, 128, 17, 1, 512, 2816, 6912, 9984, 9408, 6048, 2688, 816, 162, 19, 1

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Nov 13 2011

Riordan array ((1-x)/(1-2x),x/(1-2x)).
Product A097805*A007318 as infinite lower triangular arrays.
Product A193723*A130595 as infinite lower triangular arrays.
T(n,k) is the number of ways to place n unlabeled objects into any number of labeled bins (with at least one object in each bin) and then designate k of the bins. - Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 18 2012
Apparently, rows of this array are unsigned diagonals of A028297. - Tom Copeland, Oct 11 2014
Unsigned A118800, so my conjecture above is true. - Tom Copeland, Nov 14 2016

			Triangle begins:
   1
   1,   1
   2,   3,   1
   4,   8,   5,   1
   8,  20,  18,   7,   1
  16,  48,  56,  32,   9,   1
  32, 112, 160, 120,  50,  11,   1

Cf. A118800 (signed version), A081277, A039991, A001333 (antidiagonal sums), A025192 (row sums); diagonals: A000012, A005408, A001105, A002492, A072819l; columns: A011782, A001792, A001793, A001794, A006974, A006975, A006976.

Cf. A007318, A028297, A059260, A097805, A118801, A130595.

nn=15;f[list_]:=Select[list,#>0&];Map[f,CoefficientList[Series[(1-x)/(1-2x-y x) ,{x,0,nn}],{x,y}]]//Grid  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 18 2012 *)

T(n,k) = 2*T(n-1,k)+T(n-1,k-1) with T(0,0)=T(1,0)=T(1,1)=1 and T(n,k)=0 for k<0 or for n

T(n,k) = A011782(n-k)*A135226(n,k) = 2^(n-k)*(binomial(n,k)+binomial(n-1,k-1))/2.

Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000007(n), A011782(n), A025192(n), A002001(n), A005054(n), A052934(n), A055272(n), A055274(n), A055275(n), A052268(n), A055276(n), A196731(n) for n=-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 respectively.

G.f.: (1-x)/(1-(2+y)*x).

T(n,k) = Sum_j>=0 T(n-1-j,k-1)*2^j.

T = A007318*A059260, so the row polynomials of this entry are given umbrally by p_n(x) = (1 + q.(x))^n, where q_n(x) are the row polynomials of A059260 and (q.(x))^k = q_k(x). Consequently, the e.g.f. is exp[tp.(x)] = exp[t(1+q.(x))] = e^t exp(tq.(x)) = [1 + (x+1)e^((x+2)t)]/(x+2), and p_n(x) = (x+1)(x+2)^(n-1) for n > 0. - Tom Copeland, Nov 15 2016

T^(-1) = A130595*(padded A130595), differently signed A118801. Cf. A097805. - Tom Copeland, Nov 17 2016

The n-th row polynomial in descending powers of x is the n-th Taylor polynomial of the rational function (1 + x)/(1 + 2*x) * (1 + 2*x)^n about 0. For example, for n = 4, (1 + x)/(1 + 2*x) * (1 + 2*x)^4 = (8*x^4 + 20*x*3 + 18*x^2 + 7*x + 1) + O(x^5). - Peter Bala, Feb 24 2018

A193844 Triangular array: the fission of ((x+1)^n) by ((x+1)^n); i.e., the self-fission of Pascal's triangle.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 1, 5, 7, 1, 7, 17, 15, 1, 9, 31, 49, 31, 1, 11, 49, 111, 129, 63, 1, 13, 71, 209, 351, 321, 127, 1, 15, 97, 351, 769, 1023, 769, 255, 1, 17, 127, 545, 1471, 2561, 2815, 1793, 511, 1, 19, 161, 799, 2561, 5503, 7937, 7423, 4097, 1023

Offset: 0

Clark Kimberling, Aug 07 2011

See A193842 for the definition of fission of two sequences of polynomials or triangular arrays.
A193844 is also the fission of (p1(n,x)) by (q1(n,x)), where p1(n,x)=x^n+x^(n-1)+...+x+1 and q1(n,x)=(x+2)^n.
Essentially A119258 but without the main diagonal. - Peter Bala, Jul 16 2013
From Robert Coquereaux, Oct 02 2014: (Start)
This is also a rectangular array A(n,p) read down the antidiagonals:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
7 17 31 49 71 97 127 161 199
15 49 111 209 351 545 799 1121 1519
31 129 351 769 1471 2561 4159 6401 9439
...
Calling Gr(n) the Grassmann algebra with n generators, A(n,p) is the dimension of the space of Gr(n)-valued symmetric multilinear forms with vanishing graded divergence. If p is odd A(n,p) is the dimension of the cyclic cohomology group of order p of the Z2 graded algebra Gr(n). If p is even, the dimension of this cohomology group is A(n,p)+1. A(n,p) = 2^n*A059260(p,n-1)-(-1)^p.
(End)
The n-th row are also the coefficients of the polynomial P=sum_{k=0..n} (X+2)^k (in falling order, i.e., that of X^n first). - M. F. Hasler, Oct 15 2014

			First six rows:
1
1....3
1....5....7
1....7....17....15
1....9....31....49....31
1....11...49....111...129...63

Jean-François Chamayou, A Random Difference Equation with Dufresne Variables revisited, arXiv:1410.1708 [math.PR], 2014.
R. Coquereaux and E. Ragoucy, Currents on Grassmann algebras, J. of Geometry and Physics, 1995, Vol 15, pp 333-352.
R. Coquereaux and E. Ragoucy, Currents on Grassmann algebras, arXiv:hep-th/9310147, 1993.
C. Kassel, A Künneth formula for the cyclic cohomology of Z2-graded algebras, Math. Ann. 275 (1986) 683.

Cf. A193842, A193845, A119258.
Columns, diagonals: A000225, A000337, A055580, A027608, A211386, A211388, A000012, A005408, A056220, A199899.
A145661 is an essentially identical triangle.

A193844 := (n,k) -> 2^k*binomial(n+1,k)*hypergeom([1,-k],[-k+n+2],1/2);
for n from 0 to 5 do seq(round(evalf(A193844(n,k))),k=0..n) od; # Peter Luschny, Jul 23 2014
# Alternatively
p := (n,x) -> add(x^k*(1+2*x)^(n-k), k=0..n): for n from 0 to 7 do [n], PolynomialTools:-CoefficientList(p(n,x), x) od; # Peter Luschny, Jun 18 2017

z = 10;
p[n_, x_] := (x + 1)^n;
q[n_, x_] := (x + 1)^n
p1[n_, k_] := Coefficient[p[n, x], x^k];
p1[n_, 0] := p[n, x] /. x -> 0;
d[n_, x_] := Sum[p1[n, k]*q[n - 1 - k, x], {k, 0, n - 1}]
h[n_] := CoefficientList[d[n, x], {x}]
TableForm[Table[Reverse[h[n]], {n, 0, z}]]
Flatten[Table[Reverse[h[n]], {n, -1, z}]]  (* A193844 *)
TableForm[Table[h[n], {n, 0, z}]]
Flatten[Table[h[n], {n, -1, z}]]  (* A193845 *)

# uses[fission from A193842]
p = lambda n,x: (x+1)^n
A193844_row = lambda n: fission(p, p, n)
for n in range(7): print(A193844_row(n)) # Peter Luschny, Jul 23 2014

From Peter Bala, Jul 16 2013: (Start)
T(n,k) = sum {i = 0..k} (-1)^i*binomial(n+1,k-i)*2^(k-i).
O.g.f.: 1/( (1 - x*t)*(1 - (2*x + 1)*t) ) = 1 + (1 + 3*x)*t + (1 + 5*x + 7*x^2)*t^2 + ....
The n-th row polynomial R(n,x) = 1/(x+1)*( (2*x+1)^(n+1) - x^(n+1) ). (End)
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + 3*T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k-1) - 2*T(n-2,k-2), T(0,0) = 1, T(1,0) = 1, T(1,1) = 3, T(n,k) = 0 if k<0 or if k>n. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 17 2014
T(n,k) = 2^k*binomial(n+1,k)*hyper2F1(1,-k,-k+n+2, 1/2). - Peter Luschny, Jul 23 2014

A080242 Table of coefficients of polynomials P(n,x) defined by the relation P(n,x) = (1+x)*P(n-1,x) + (-x)^(n+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 1, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 11, 13, 9, 3, 1, 1, 6, 16, 24, 22, 12, 4, 1, 7, 22, 40, 46, 34, 16, 4, 1, 1, 8, 29, 62, 86, 80, 50, 20, 5, 1, 9, 37, 91, 148, 166, 130, 70, 25, 5, 1, 1, 10, 46, 128, 239, 314, 296, 200, 95

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Feb 12 2003

Values generate solutions to the recurrence a(n) = a(n-1) + k(k+1)* a(n-2), a(0)=1, a(1) = k(k+1)+1. Values and sequences associated with this table are included in A072024.

			Rows are {1}, {1,1,1}, {1,2,2}, {1,3,4,2,1}, {1,4,7,6,3}, ... This is the same as table A035317 with an extra 1 at the end of every second row.
Triangle begins
  1;
  1,  1,  1;
  1,  2,  2;
  1,  3,  4,  2,  1;
  1,  4,  7,  6,  3;
  1,  5, 11, 13,  9,  3,  1;
  1,  6, 16, 24, 22, 12,  4;
  1,  7, 22, 40, 46, 34, 16,  4,  1;
  1,  8, 29, 62, 86, 80, 50, 20,  5;

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 0..100 of coefficients, flattened

Similar to the triangles A059259, A035317, A108561, A112555. Cf. A059260.

Cf. A001045 (row sums).

Table[CoefficientList[Series[((1+x)^(n+2) -(-1)^n*x^(n+2))/(1+2*x), {x, 0, n+2}], x], {n, 0, 10}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Feb 18 2019 *)

Rows are generated by P(n,x) = ((x+1)^(n+2) - (-x)^(n+2))/(2*x+1).
The polynomials P(n,-x), n > 0, satisfy a Riemann hypothesis: their zeros lie on the vertical line Re x = 1/2 in the complex plane.
O.g.f.: (1+x*t+x^2*t)/((1+x*t)(1-t-x*t)) = 1 + (1+x+x^2)*t + (1+2x+2x^2)*t^2 + ... . - Peter Bala, Oct 24 2007
T(n,k) = if(k<=2*floor((n+1)/2), Sum_{j=0..floor((n+1)/2)} binomial(n-2j,k-2j), 0). - Paul Barry, Apr 08 2011 (This formula produces the odd numbered rows correctly, but not the even. - G. C. Greubel, Feb 22 2019)

A102301 a(n) = ((3n + 1)2^(n+3) + 9 + (-1)^n)/18.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 13, 36, 93, 228, 541, 1252, 2845, 6372, 14109, 30948, 67357, 145636, 313117, 669924, 1427229, 3029220, 6407965, 13514980, 28428061, 59652324, 124897053, 260978916, 544327453, 1133394148, 2356266781, 4891490532, 10140895005, 20997617892, 43426891549

Offset: 0

Creighton Dement, Feb 20 2005

A floretion-generated sequence resulting from particular transform of A000975.

Floretion Algebra Multiplication Program, FAMP Code: 2jesforseq[ + .5'i + 'kk' + .5'jk' ], 1vesforseq(n) = A000975(n+2)*(-1)^(n+1), ForType: 1A, LoopType: tes (2nd iteration)

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
T. Etzion, On the stopping redundancy of Reed-Muller codes, IEEE Trans. Information Theory 52 (11) (2006) 4867-4879, also, arXiv:cs/0511056 [cs.IT], 2005.
Toufik Mansour and Armend Sh. Shabani, Bargraphs in bargraphs, Turkish Journal of Mathematics (2018) Vol. 42, Issue 5, 2763-2773.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,-3,-4,4).

Cf. A000975, A000337, A045883, A001787, A059570, A137266, A008574, A059260.

[((3*n+1)*2^(n+3)+9+(-1)^n)/18: n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 21 2018

Table[((3n+1)*2^(n+3) + 9 + (-1)^n)/18, {n,0,50}] (* G. C. Greubel, Sep 27 2017 *)
LinearRecurrence[{4, -3, -4, 4}, {1, 4, 13, 36}, 50] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 21 2018 *)

a(n)=((3*n+1)*2^(n+3)+9+(-1)^n)/18 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 16 2015

G.f.: 1/((1-x^2)*(1-2*x)^2).
a(n+1) - 2*a(n) = A000975(n+2) (n-th number without consecutive equal binary digits)
a(n) + a(n+1) = A000337(n+2);
a(n+1) - a(n) = A045883(n+2);
a(n+2) - a(n) = A001787(n+3) ( Number of edges in n-dimensional hypercube );
a(n+2) - 2*a(n+1) + a(n) = A059570(n+3);
Convolution of "Number of fixed points in all 231-avoiding involutions in S_n" (A059570) with the natural numbers (A000027), treating the result as if offset=0. - Graeme McRae, Jul 12 2006
Equals triangle A059260 * A008574 as a vector, where A008574 = [1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 06 2012

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A059570 Number of fixed points in all 231-avoiding involutions in S_n.

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A059259 Triangle read by rows giving coefficient T(i,j) of x^i y^j in 1/(1-x-x*y-y^2) = 1/((1+y)(1-x-y)) for (i,j) = (0,0), (1,0), (0,1), (2,0), (1,1), (0,2), ...

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A035317 Pascal-like triangle associated with A000670.

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A087811 Numbers k such that ceiling(sqrt(k)) divides k.

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A097808 Riordan array ((1+2x)/(1+x)^2, 1/(1+x)) read by rows.

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A112465 Riordan array (1/(1+x), x/(1-x)).

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A102301 a(n) = ((3n + 1)2^(n+3) + 9 + (-1)^n)/18.