A085478 -id:A085478 - cp's OEIS frontend

A102426 Triangle read by rows giving coefficients of polynomials defined by F(0,x)=0, F(1,x)=1, F(n,x) = F(n-1,x) + x*F(n-2,x).

0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 4, 1, 1, 6, 5, 1, 4, 10, 6, 1, 1, 10, 15, 7, 1, 5, 20, 21, 8, 1, 1, 15, 35, 28, 9, 1, 6, 35, 56, 36, 10, 1, 1, 21, 70, 84, 45, 11, 1, 7, 56, 126, 120, 55, 12, 1, 1, 28, 126, 210, 165, 66, 13, 1, 8, 84, 252, 330, 220, 78, 14, 1, 1, 36, 210, 462, 495, 286, 91, 15, 1

Offset: 0

Russell Walsmith, Jan 08 2005

Essentially the same as A098925: a(0)=0 followed by A098925. - R. J. Mathar, Aug 30 2008
F(n) + 2x * F(n-1) gives Lucas polynomials (cf. A034807). - Maxim Krikun (krikun(AT)iecn.u-nancy.fr), Jun 24 2007
After the initial 0, these are the nonzero coefficients of the Fibonacci polynomials; see the Mathematica section. - Clark Kimberling, Oct 10 2013
Aside from signs and index shift, the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of the Coxeter adjacency matrix for the Coxeter group A_n related to the Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind (cf. Damianou link p. 19). - Tom Copeland, Oct 11 2014
Aside from the initial zeros, these are the antidiagonals read from bottom to top of the numerical coefficients of the Maurer-Cartan form matrix of the Leibniz group L^(n)(1,1) presented on p. 9 of the Olver paper, which is generated as exp[c. * M] with (c.)^n = c_n and M the Lie infinitesimal generator A218272. Reverse of A011973. - Tom Copeland, Jul 02 2018

			The first few polynomials are:
  0
  1
  1
  x + 1
  2*x + 1
  x^2 + 3*x + 1
  3*x^2 + 4*x + 1
------------------
From _Tom Copeland_, Jan 19 2016: (Start)
[n]:
0:  0
1:  1
2:  1
3:  1  1
4:  2  1
5:  1  3  1
6:  3  4  1
7:  1  6  5   1
8:  4 10  6   1
9:  1 10 15   7   1
10: 5 20 21   8   1
11: 1 15 35  28   9  1
12: 6 35 56  36  10  1
13: 1 21 70  84  45 11 1
(End)

Dominique Foata and Guo-Niu Han, Multivariable tangent and secant q-derivative polynomials, Manuscript, Mar 21 2012.

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 0..100 of triangle, flattened
R. Andre-Jeannin, A generalization of Morgan-Voyce polynomials, The Fibonacci Quarterly 32.3 (1994): 228-31.
H.-H. Chern, H.-K. Hwang, and T.-H. Tsai, Random unfriendly seating arrangement in a dining table, arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.0614 [math.PR], 2014.
T. Copeland, Addendum to Elliptic Lie Triad
P. Damianou, On the characteristic polynomials of Cartan matrices and Chebyshev polynomials, arXiv preprint arXiv:1110.6620 [math.RT], 2014.
G. Ferri, The appearance of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers in the simulation of electrical power lines supplied by two sides, The Fibonacci Quarterly 35.2 (1997): 149-55.
Dominique Foata and Guo-Niu Han, Multivariable tangent and secant q-derivative polynomials, Moscow Journal of Combinatorics and Number Theory, vol. 2, issue 3, 2012, pp. 34-84, [pp. 232-282].
G. Hetyei, Hurwitzian continued fractions containing a repeated constant and an arithmetic progression, arXiv preprint arXiv:1211.2494 [math.CO], 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jan 02 2013
P. Olver, The canonical contact form, 2005.
Z. Trzaska, On Fibonacci hyberbolic geometry and modified number triangles, Fibonacci Quarterly, 34.2 (1996): 129-38.

Upward diagonals sums are A062200. Downward rows are A102427. Row sums are A000045. Row terms reversed = A011973. Also A102428, A102429.
All of A011973, A092865, A098925, A102426, A169803 describe essentially the same triangle in different ways.
Cf. A078812, A085478.

[0] cat [Binomial(Floor(n/2)+k, Floor((n-1)/2-k) ): k in [0..Floor((n-1)/2)], n in [0..17]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 13 2019

Join[{0}, Table[ Select[ CoefficientList[ Fibonacci[n, x], x], 0 < # &], {n, 0, 17}]//Flatten] (* Clark Kimberling, Oct 10 2013 and slightly modified by Robert G. Wilson v, May 03 2017 *)

F(n) = if (n==0, 0, if (n==1, 1, F(n-1) + x*F(n-2)));
tabf(nn) = for (n=0, nn, print(Vec(F(n)))); \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 10 2020

Alternatively, as n is even or odd: T(n-2, k) + T(n-1, k-1) = T(n, k), T(n-2, k) + T(n-1, k) = T(n, k)
T(n, k) = binomial(floor(n/2)+k, floor((n-1)/2-k) ). - Paul Barry, Jun 22 2005
Beginning with the second polynomial in the example and offset=0, P(n,t)= Sum_{j=0..n}, binomial(n-j,j)*x^j with the convention that 1/k! is zero for k=-1,-2,..., i.e., 1/k! = lim_{c->0} 1/(k+c)!. - Tom Copeland, Oct 11 2014
From Tom Copeland, Jan 19 2016: (Start)
O.g.f.: (x + x^2 - x^3) / (1 - (2+t)*x^2 + x^4) = (x^2 (even part) + x*(1-x^2) (odd)) / (1 - (2+t)*x^2 + x^4).
Recursion relations:
A) p(n,t) = p(n-1,t) + p(n-2,t) for n=2,4,6,8,...
B) p(n,t) = t*p(n-1,t) + p(n-2,t) for n=3,5,7,...
C) a(n,k) = a(n-2,k) + a(n-1,k) for n=4,6,8,...
D) a(n,k) = a(n-2,k) + a(n-1,k-1) for n=3,5,7,...
Relation A generalized to MV(n,t;r) =  P(2n+1,t) + r R(2n,t) for n=1,2,3,... (cf. A078812 and A085478) is the generating relation on p. 229 of Andre-Jeannine for the generalized Morgan-Voyce polynomials, e.g., MV(2,t;r) = p(5,t) + r*p(4,t) = (1 + 3t + t^2) + r*(2 + t) = (1 + 2r) + (3 + r)*t + t^2, so P(n,t) = MV(n-4,t;1) for n=4,6,8,... .
The even and odd polynomials are also presented in Trzaska and Ferri.
Dropping the initial 0 and re-indexing with initial m=0 gives the row polynomials Fb(m,t) = p(n+1,t) below with o.g.f. G(t,x)/x, starting with Fb(0,t) = 1, Fb(1,t) = 1, Fb(2,t) = 1 + t, and Fb(3,t) = 2 + t.
The o.g.f. x/G(x,t) = (1 - (2+t)*x^2 + x^4) / (1 + x - x^2) then generates a sequence of polynomials IFb(t) such that the convolution Sum_{k=0..n} IFb(n-k,t) Fb(k,t) vanishes for n>1 and is one for n=0. These linear polynomials have the basic Fibonacci numbers A000045 as an overall factor:
IFb(0,t) =  1
IFb(1,t) = -1
IFb(2,t) = -t
IFb(3,t) = -1 (1-t)
IFb(4,t) =  2 (1-t)
IFb(5,t) = -3 (1-t)
IFb(6,t) =  5 (1-t)
IFb(7,t) = -8 (1-t)
IFb(8,t) = 13 (1-t)
... .
(End)

Name corrected by John K. Sikora, Feb 10 2020

A183160 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n+k,n-k)C(2n-k,k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 11, 62, 367, 2232, 13820, 86662, 548591, 3498146, 22436251, 144583496, 935394436, 6071718512, 39523955552, 257913792342, 1686627623151, 11050540084902, 72522925038257, 476669316338542, 3137209052543927, 20672732229560032, 136374124374593072, 900541325129687272

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Dec 27 2010

nonn

			G.f.: A(x) = 1 + 2*x + 11*x^2 + 62*x^3 + 367*x^4 + 2232*x^5 +...
A(x)^(1/2) = 1 + x + 5*x^2 + 26*x^3 + 145*x^4 + 841*x^5 + 5006*x^6 +...+ A183161(n)*x^n +...
Given triangle A085478(n,k) = C(n+k,n-k), which begins:
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  3,  1;
  1,  6,  5,  1;
  1, 10, 15,  7, 1;
  1, 15, 35, 28, 9, 1; ...
ILLUSTRATE formula a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A085478(n,k)*A085478(n,n-k):
a(2) = 11 = 1*1 + 3*3 + 1*1;
a(3) = 62 = 1*1 + 6*5 + 5*6 + 1*1;
a(4) = 367 = 1*1 + 10*7 + 15*15 + 7*10 + 1*1;
a(5) = 2232 = 1*1 + 15*9 + 35*28 + 28*35 + 9*15 + 1*1; ...

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

Cf. A001764, A085478, A183161, A199033, A218622.
Cf. A026641, A147855, A371753.
Cf. A005809, A006256, A160906, A226751.
Cf. A171822.

[(&+[Binomial(n+k, 2*k)*Binomial(2*n-k, k): k in [0..n]]): n in [0..25]]; // G. C. Greubel, Feb 22 2021

Table[Sum[Binomial[n+k,n-k]Binomial[2n-k,k],{k,0,n}],{n,0,20}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 19 2011 *)
Table[HypergeometricPFQ[{-n, -n, 1/2 -n, n+1}, {1/2, 1, -2*n}, 1], {n, 0, 25}] (* G. C. Greubel, Feb 22 2021 *)

{a(n)=sum(k=0,n,binomial(n+k,n-k)*binomial(2*n-k,k))}

{a(n)=local(G=1); for(i=0, n, G=1+x*G^3+O(x^(n+1))); polcoeff(1/(1-2*x*G^2-3*x^2*G^4), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Nov 03 2012

{a(n)=local(G=1); for(i=0, n, G=1+x*G^3+O(x^(n+1))); polcoeff(1/(1+3*x*G-5*x*G^2), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jun 16 2013
for(n=0, 30, print1(a(n), ", "))

a = lambda n: binomial(3*n+1,n)*hypergeometric([1,-n],[2*n+2],2)
[simplify(a(n)) for n in range(26)] # Peter Luschny, May 19 2015

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A085478(n,k)*A085478(n,n-k).
Self-convolution of A183161 (an integer sequence):
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A183161(k)*A183161(n-k).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(2*n+k,k) * cos((n+k)*Pi). - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Apr 02 2012
Recurrence: 320*n*(2*n-1)*a(n) = 8*(346*n^2 + 79*n - 327)*a(n-1) + 6*(1688*n^2-6241*n+5981)*a(n-2) + 261*(3*n-7)*(3*n-5)*a(n-3). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 20 2012
a(n) ~ 3^(3*n+3/2)/(2^(2*n+3)*sqrt(Pi*n)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 20 2012
...
G.f.: A(x) = 1/(1 - 2*x*G(x)^2 - 3*x^2*G(x)^4), where G(x) = 1 + x*G(x)^3 = g.f. of A001764. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 03 2012
G.f.: A(x) = 1 + x*d/dx { log( G(x)^5/(1+x*G(x)^2) )/2 }, where G(x) = 1 + x*G(x)^3 = g.f. of A001764. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 04 2012
G.f.: A(x) = 1/(1 + 3*x*G(x) - 5*x*G(x)^2), where G(x) = 1 + x*G(x)^3 = g.f. of A001764. - Paul D. Hanna, Jun 16 2013
a(n) = C(3*n+1,n)*Hyper2F1([1,-n],[2*n+2],2). - Peter Luschny, May 19 2015
a(n) = [x^n] 1/((1 - x^2)*(1 - x)^(2*n)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Oct 25 2017
From G. C. Greubel, Feb 22 2021: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A171822(n, k).
a(n) = Hypergeometric 4F3([-n, -n, 1/2 -n, n+1], [1/2, 1, -2*n], 1). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(3*n-2*k-1,n-2*k). - Seiichi Manyama, Apr 05 2024
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-2)^(n-k) * binomial(3*n+1,k). - Seiichi Manyama, Aug 03 2025
From Seiichi Manyama, Aug 14 2025: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k * 2^(n-k) * binomial(3*n+1,k) * binomial(3*n-k,n-k).
G.f.: g^2/((-1+2*g) * (3-2*g)) where g = 1+x*g^3 is the g.f. of A001764. (End)
G.f.: B(x)^2/(1 + 4*(B(x)-1)/3), where B(x) is the g.f. of A005809. - Seiichi Manyama, Aug 15 2025

A165253 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows given by [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] DELTA [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 1, 6, 5, 1, 0, 1, 10, 15, 7, 1, 0, 1, 15, 35, 28, 9, 1, 0, 1, 21, 70, 84, 45, 11, 1, 0, 1, 28, 126, 210, 165, 66, 13, 1, 0, 1, 36, 210, 462, 495, 286, 91, 15, 1, 0, 1, 45, 330, 924, 1287, 1001, 455, 120, 17, 1, 0, 1, 55, 495, 1716, 3003, 3003, 1820, 680

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Sep 10 2009

Mirror image of triangle in A121314.

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,    0;
  1,    1,    0;
  1,    3,    1,    0;
  1,    6,    5,    1,    0;
  1,   10,   15,    7,    1,    0;
  1,   15,   35,   28,    9,    1,    0;
  1,   21,   70,   84,   45,   11,    1,    0;
  1,   28,  126,  210,  165,   66,   13,    1,    0;
  1,   36,  210,  462,  495,  286,   91,   15,    1,    0,
  1,   45,  330,  924, 1287, 1001,  455,  120,   17,    1,    0;

Indranil Ghosh, Rows 0..125 of triangle, flattened

Cf. A054142, A085478, A121314.

m = 13;
(* DELTA is defined in A084938 *)
DELTA[Join[{1, 0, 1}, Table[0, {m}]], Join[{0, 1}, Table[0, {m}]], m] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 19 2020 *)

T(0,0)=1, T(n,k) = binomial(n-1+k,2k) for n >= 1.
Sum {k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000012(n), A001519(n), A001835(n), A004253(n), A001653(n), A049685(n-1), A070997(n-1), A070998(n-1), A072256(n), A078922(n), A077417(n-1), A085260(n), A001570(n) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 respectively.
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^(n-k) = A000007(n), A001519(n), A047849(n), A165310(n), A165311(n), A165312(n), A165314(n), A165322(n), A165323(n), A165324(n) for x= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 26 2009
T(n,k) = 2*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k), T(0,0)=T(1,0)=1, T(1,1)=0. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 18 2012
G.f.: (1-x-y*x)/((1-x)^2-y*x). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 19 2012

A123021 Triangle of coefficients of (1 - x)^n*B(x/(1 - x),n), where B(x,n) is the Morgan-Voyce polynomial related to A078812.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, -1, 3, -2, 4, -2, -2, 1, 5, 0, -9, 6, -1, 6, 5, -24, 18, -4, 7, 14, -49, 36, -4, -4, 1, 8, 28, -84, 50, 20, -30, 10, -1, 9, 48, -126, 36, 115, -120, 45, -6, 10, 75, -168, -48, 358, -335, 120, -6, -6, 1, 11, 110, -198, -264, 847, -714, 175, 84, -63, 14

Offset: 0

Roger L. Bagula and Gary W. Adamson, Sep 24 2006

The n-th row consists of the coefficients in the expansion of Sum_{j=0..n} A078812(n,j)*x^j*(1 - x)^(n - j).

			Triangle begins:
    1;
    2,  -1;
    3,  -2;
    4,  -2,   -2,    1;
    5,   0,   -9,    6,  -1;
    6,   5,  -24,   18,  -4;
    7,  14,  -49,   36,  -4,   -4,   1;
    8,  28,  -84,   50,  20,  -30,  10, -1;
    9,  48, -126,   36, 115, -120,  45, -6;
   10,  75, -168,  -48, 358, -335, 120, -6,  -6,  1;
   11, 110, -198, -264, 847, -714, 175, 84, -63, 14, -1;
   ... - _Franck Maminirina Ramaharo_, Oct 09 2018

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 0..50 of the irregular triangle, flattened
Thomas Koshy, Morgan-Voyce Polynomials, Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers with Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, pp. 480-495.
M. N. S. Swamy, Rising Diagonal Polynomials Associated with Morgan-Voyce Polynomials, The Fibonacci Quarterly Vol. 38 (2000), 61-70.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Morgan-Voyce Polynomials

Cf. A078812, A085478.

Cf. A122753, A123018, A123019, A123027, A123199, A123202, A123217, A123221.

Table[CoefficientList[Sum[Binomial[n+k+1, n-k]*x^k*(1-x)^(n-k), {k, 0, n}], x], {n, 0, 10}]//Flatten

t(n, k) := binomial(n + k + 1, n - k)$
P(x, n) := expand(sum(t(n, j)*x^j*(1 - x)^(n - j), j, 0, n))$
T(n, k) := ratcoef(P(x, n), x, k)$
tabf(nn) := for n:0 thru nn do print(makelist(T(n, k), k, 0, hipow(P(x, n), x)))$ /* Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Oct 09 2018 */

def p(n,x): return sum( binomial(n+j+1, n-j)*x^j*(1-x)^(n-j) for j in (0..n) )
def T(n): return ( p(n,x) ).full_simplify().coefficients(sparse=False)
flatten([T(n) for n in (0..12)]) # G. C. Greubel, Jul 15 2021

From Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Oct 09 2018: (Start)
Row n = coefficients in the expansion of (1/sqrt((4 - 3*x)*x))*(((2 - x + sqrt((4 - 3*x)*x))/2)^(n + 1) - ((2 - x - sqrt((4 - 3*x)*x))/2)^(n + 1)).
G.f.: 1/(1 - (2 - x)*y + (1 - x)^2*y^2).
E.g.f.: (1/sqrt((4 - 3*x)*x))*((2 - x + sqrt((4 - 3*x)*x))*exp(y*(2 - x + sqrt((4 - 3*x)*x))/2)/2 - (2 - x - sqrt((4 - 3*x)*x))*exp(y*(2 - x - sqrt((4 - 3*x)*x))/2)/2).
T(n,1) = -A254749(n+1). (End)

Edited, new name, and offset corrected by Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Oct 09 2018

A129818 Riordan array (1/(1+x), x/(1+x)^2), inverse array is A039599.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 1, 1, -3, 1, -1, 6, -5, 1, 1, -10, 15, -7, 1, -1, 15, -35, 28, -9, 1, 1, -21, 70, -84, 45, -11, 1, -1, 28, -126, 210, -165, 66, -13, 1, 1, -36, 210, -462, 495, -286, 91, -15, 1, -1, 45, -330, 924, -1287, 1001, -455, 120, -17, 1, 1, -55, 495, -1716, 3003, -3003, 1820, -680, 153, -19, 1

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Jun 09 2007

This sequence is up to sign the same as A129818. - T. D. Noe, Sep 30 2011
Row sums: A057078. - Philippe Deléham, Jun 11 2007
Subtriangle of the triangle given by (0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 19 2012
This triangle provides the coefficients of powers of x^2 for the even-indexed Chebyshev S polynomials (see A049310): S(2*n,x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^(2*k), n >= 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 17 2012
If L(x^n) := C(n) = A000108(n) (Catalan numbers), then the polynomials P_n(x) := Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k are orthogonal with respect to the inner product given by (f(x),g(x)) := L(f(x)*g(x)). - Michael Somos, Jan 03 2019

			Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  n\k  0   1    2     3     4     5    6    7    8   9 10 ...
   0:  1
   1: -1   1
   2:  1  -3    1
   3: -1   6   -5     1
   4:  1 -10   15    -7     1
   5: -1  15  -35    28    -9     1
   6:  1 -21   70   -84    45   -11    1
   7: -1  28 -126   210  -165    66  -13    1
   8:  1 -36  210  -462   495  -286   91  -15    1
   9: -1  45 -330   924 -1287  1001 -455  120  -17   1
  10:  1 -55  495 -1716  3003 -3003 1820 -680  153 -19  1
  ... Reformatted by _Wolfdieter Lang_, Dec 17 2012
Recurrence from the A-sequence A115141:
15 = T(4,2) = 1*6 + (-2)*(-5) + (-1)*1.
(0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, ...) begins:
  1
  0,  1
  0, -1,   1
  0,  1,  -3,   1
  0, -1,   6,  -5,  1
  0,  1, -10,  15, -7,  1
  0, -1,  15, -35, 28, -9, 1. - _Philippe Deléham_, Mar 19 2012
Row polynomial for n=3 in terms of x^2: S(6,x) = -1 + 6*x^2 -5*x^4 + 1*x^6, with Chebyshev's S polynomial. See a comment above. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Dec 17 2012
Boas-Buck type recurrence: -35 = T(5,2) = (5/3)*(-1*1 +1*(-5) - 1*15) = -3*7 = -35. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jun 03 2020

Vincenzo Librandi, Rows n = 1..101, flattened
Paul Barry, A Catalan Transform and Related Transformations on Integer Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.4.5.
Paul Barry and Aoife Hennessy, The Euler-Seidel Matrix, Hankel Matrices and Moment Sequences, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010) # 10.8.2, example 15.
Aoife Hennessy, A Study of Riordan Arrays with Applications to Continued Fractions, Orthogonal Polynomials and Lattice Paths, Ph. D. Thesis, Waterford Institute of Technology, Oct. 2011.

Cf. A039599, A085478, A123970, A321620.

# The function RiordanSquare is defined in A321620.
RiordanSquare((1 - sqrt(1 - 4*x))/(2*x), 10):
LinearAlgebra[MatrixInverse](%); # Peter Luschny, Jan 04 2019

max = 10; Flatten[ CoefficientList[#, y] & /@ CoefficientList[ Series[ (1 + x)/(1 + (2 - y)*x + x^2), {x, 0, max}], x]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 29 2011, after Wolfdieter Lang *)

@CachedFunction
def A129818(n,k):
    if n< 0: return 0
    if n==0: return 1 if k == 0 else 0
    h = A129818(n-1,k) if n==1 else 2*A129818(n-1,k)
    return A129818(n-1,k-1) - A129818(n-2,k) - h
for n in (0..9): [A129818(n,k) for k in (0..n)] # Peter Luschny, Nov 20 2012

T(n,k) = (-1)^(n-k)*A085478(n,k) = (-1)^(n-k)*binomial(n+k,2*k).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A000531(k) = n^2, with A000531(0)=0. - Philippe Deléham, Jun 11 2007
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A033999(n), A057078(n), A057077(n), A057079(n), A005408(n), A002878(n), A001834(n), A030221(n), A002315(n), A033890(n), A057080(n), A057081(n), A054320(n), A097783(n), A077416(n), A126866(n), A028230(n+1) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 19 2009
O.g.f.: (1+x)/(1+(2-y)*x+x^2). - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 15 2010
O.g.f. column k with leading zeros (Riordan array, see NAME): (1/(1+x))*(x/(1+x)^2)^k, k >= 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 15 2010
From Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 20 2010: (Start)
Recurrences from the Z- and A-sequences for Riordan arrays. See the W. Lang link under A006232 for details and references.
T(n,0) = -1*T(n-1,0), n >= 1, from the o.g.f. -1 for the Z-sequence (trivial result).
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n-k} A(j)*T(n-1,k-1+j), n >= k >= 1, with A(j):= A115141(j) = [1,-2,-1,-2,-5,-14,...], j >= 0 (o.g.f. 1/c(x)^2 with the A000108 (Catalan) o.g.f. c(x)). (End)
T(n,k) = (-1)^n*A123970(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 18 2012
T(n,k) = -2*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k), T(0,0) = T(1,1) = 1, T(1,0) = -1, T(n,k) = 0 if k < 0 or if k > n. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 19 2012
A039599(m,n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * C(k+m) where C(n) are the Catalan numbers. - Michael Somos, Jan 03 2019
Equals the matrix inverse of the Riordan square (cf. A321620) of the Catalan numbers. - Peter Luschny, Jan 04 2019
Boas-Buck type recurrence for column k >= 0 (see Aug 10 2017 comment in A046521 with references): T(n,k) = ((1 + 2*k)/(n - k))*Sum_{j = k..n-1} (-1)^(n-j)*T(j,k), with input T(n,n) = 1, and T(n,k) = 0 for n < k. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 03 2020

A244419 Coefficient triangle of polynomials related to the Dirichlet kernel. Rising powers. Riordan triangle ((1+z)/(1+z^2), 2*z/(1+z^2)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, -1, 2, 4, -1, -4, 4, 8, 1, -4, -12, 8, 16, 1, 6, -12, -32, 16, 32, -1, 6, 24, -32, -80, 32, 64, -1, -8, 24, 80, -80, -192, 64, 128, 1, -8, -40, 80, 240, -192, -448, 128, 256, 1, 10, -40, -160, 240, 672, -448, -1024, 256, 512, -1, 10, 60, -160, -560, 672, 1792, -1024, -2304, 512, 1024

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 29 2014

This is the row reversed version of A180870. See also A157751 and A228565.
The Dirichlet kernel is D(n,x) = Sum_{k=-n..n} exp(i*k*x) = 1 + 2*Sum_{k=1..n} T(n,x) = S(n, 2*y) + S(n-1, 2*y) = S(2*n, sqrt(2*(1+y))) with y = cos(x), n >= 0, with the Chebyshev polynomials T (A053120) and S (A049310). This triangle T(n, k) gives in row n the coefficients of the polynomial Dir(n,y) = D(n,x=arccos(y)) = Sum_{m=0..n} T(n,m)*y^m. See A180870, especially the Peter Bala comments and formulas.
This is the Riordan triangle ((1+z)/(1+z^2), 2*z/(1+z^2)) due to the o.g.f. for Dir(n,y) given by (1+z)/(1 - 2*y*z + z^2) = G(z)/(1 - y*F(z)) with G(z) = (1+z)/(1+z^2) and F(z) = 2*z/(1+z^2) (see the Peter Bala formula under A180870). For Riordan triangles and references see the W. Lang link 'Sheffer a- and z- sequences' under A006232.
The A- and Z- sequences of this Riordan triangle are (see the mentioned W. Lang link in the preceding comment also for the references): The A-sequence has o.g.f. 1+sqrt(1-x^2) and is given by A(2*k+1) = 0 and A(2*k) [2, -1/2, -1/8, -1/16, -5/128, -7/256, -21/1024, -33/2048, -429/32768, -715/65536, ...], k >= 0. (See A098597 and A046161.)
  The Z-sequence has o.g.f. sqrt((1-x)/(1+x)) and is given by
  [1, -1, 1/2, -1/2, 3/8, -3/8, 5/16, -5/16, 35/128, -35/128, ...]. (See A001790 and A046161.)
The column sequences are A057077, 2*(A004526 with even numbers signed), 4*A008805 (signed), 8*A058187 (signed), 16*A189976 (signed), 32*A189980 (signed) for m = 0, 1, ..., 5.
The row sums give A005408 (from the o.g.f. due to the Riordan property), and the alternating row sums give A033999.
The row polynomials Dir(n, x), n >= 0, give solutions to the diophantine equation (a + 1)*X^2 - (a - 1)*Y^2 = 2 by virtue of the identity (a + 1)*Dir(n, -a)^2 - (a - 1)*Dir(n, a)^2 = 2, which is easily proved inductively using the recurrence Dir(n, a) = (1 + a)*(-1)^(n-1)*Dir(n-1, -a) + a*Dir(n-1, a) given below by Wolfdieter Lang. - Peter Bala, May 08 2025

			The triangle T(n,m) begins:
  n\m  0   1   2    3    4    5    6     7     8    9    10 ...
  0:   1
  1:   1   2
  2:  -1   2   4
  3:  -1  -4   4    8
  4:   1  -4 -12    8   16
  5:   1   6 -12  -32   16   32
  6:  -1   6  24  -32  -80   32   64
  7:  -1  -8  24   80  -80 -192   64   128
  8:   1  -8 -40   80  240 -192 -448   128   256
  9:   1  10 -40 -160  240  672 -448 -1024   256  512
  10: -1  10  60 -160 -560  672 1792 -1024 -2304  512  1024
  ...
Example for A-sequence recurrence: T(3,1) = Sum_{j=0..2} A(j)*T(2,j) = 2*(-1) + 0*2 + (-1/2)*4 = -4. Example for Z-sequence recurrence: T(4,0) = Sum_{j=0..3} Z(j)*T(3,j) = 1*(-1) + (-1)*(-4) + (1/2)*4 + (-1/2)*8 = +1. (For the A- and Z-sequences see a comment above.)
Example for the alternate recurrence: T(4,2) = 2*T(3,1) - T(3,2) = 2*(-4) - 4 = -12. T(4,3) = 0*T(3,2) + T(3,3) = T(3,3) = 8. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jul 30 2014

Wikipedia, Dirichlet kernel.

Dir(n, x) : A005408 (x = 1), A002878 (x = 3/2), A001834 (x = 2), A030221 (x = 5/2), A002315 (x = 3), A033890 (x = 7/2), A057080 (x = 4), A057081 (x = 9/2), A054320 (x = 5), A077416 (x = 6), A028230 (x = 7), A159678 (x = 8), A049629 (x = 9), A083043 (x = 10),
(-1)^n * Dir(n, x): A122367 (x = -3/2); A079935 (x = -2), A004253 (x = -5/2), A001653 (x = -3), A049685 (x = -7/2), A070997 (x = -4), A070998 (x = -9/2), A072256(n+1) (x = -5).
Cf. A180870 (row reversed), A157751, A228565, A049310, A053120, A057077, A004526, A008805, A058187, A189976, A189980, A005408, A033999.

T[n_, k_] := T[n, k] = Which[k == 0, (-1)^Quotient[n, 2], (0 <= n && n < k) || (n == -1 && k == 1), 0, True, 2 T[n-1, k-1] - T[n-2, k]];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 28 2019, from Sage *)

def T(n, k):
    if k == 0: return (-1)^(n//2)
    if (0 <= n and n < k) or (n == -1 and k == 1): return 0
    return 2*T(n-1, k-1) - T(n-2, k)
for n in range(11): [T(n,k) for k in (0..n)] # Peter Luschny, Jul 29 2014

T(n, m) = [y^m] Dir(n,y) for n >= m >= 0 and 0 otherwise, with the polynomials Dir(y) defined in a comment above.
T(n, m) = 2^m*(S(n,m) + S(n-1,m)) with the entries S(n,m) of A049310 given there explicitly.
O.g.f. for polynomials Dir(y) see a comment above (Riordan triangle ((1+z)/(1+z^2), 2*z/(1+z^2))).
O.g.f. for column m: ((1 + x)/(1 + x^2))*(2*x/(1 + x^2))^m, m >= 0, (Riordan property).
Recurrence for the polynomials: Dir(n, y) = 2*y*Dir(n-1, y) - Dir(n-2, y), n >= 1, with input D(-1, y) = -1 and D(0, y) = 1.
Triangle three-term recurrence: T(n,m) = 2*T(n-1,m-1) - T(n-2,m) for n >= m >= 1 with T(n,m) = 0 if 0 <= n < m, T(0,0) = 1, T(-1,1) = 0 and T(n,0) = A057077(n) = (-1)^(floor(n/2)).
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 30 2014: (Start)
In analogy to A157751 one can derive a recurrence for the row polynomials Dir(n, y) = Sum_{m=0..n} T(n,m)*y^m also using a negative argument but only one recursive step: Dir(n,y) = (1+y)*(-1)^(n-1)*Dir(n-1,-y) + y*Dir(n-1,y), n >= 1, Dir(0,y) = 1 (Dir(-1,y) = -1). See also A180870 from where this formula can be derived by row reversion.
This entails another triangle recurrence T(n,m) = (1 + (-1)^(n-m))*T(n-1,m-1) - (-1)^(n-m)*T(n-1,m), for n >= m >= 1 with T(n,m) = 0 if n < m and T(n,0) = (-1)^floor(n/2). (End)
From Peter Bala, Aug 14 2022: (Start)
The row polynomials Dir(n,x), n >= 0, are related to the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind T(n,x) by the binomial transform as follows:
(2^n)*(x - 1)^(n+1)*Dir(n,x) = (-1) * Sum_{k = 0..2*n+1} binomial(2*n+1,k)*T(k,-x).
Note that Sum_{k = 0..2*n} binomial(2*n,k)*T(k,x) = (2^n)*(1 + x)^n*T(n,x). (End)
From Peter Bala, May 04 2025: (Start)
For n >= 1, the n-th row polynomial Dir(n, x) = (-1)^n * (U(n, -x) - U(n-1, -x)) = U(2*n, sqrt((1+x)/2)), where U(n, x) denotes the n-th Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind.
For n >= 1 and x < 1, Dir(n, x) = (-1)^n * sqrt(2/(1 - x )) * T(2*n+1, sqrt((1 - x)/2)), where T(n, x) denotes the n-th Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind.
Dir(n, x)^2 - 2*x*Dir(n, x)*Dir(n+1, x) + Dir(n+1, x)^2 = 2*(1 + x).
Dir(n, x) = (-1)^n * R(n, -2*(x+1)), where R(n, x) is the n-th row polynomial of the triangle A085478.
Dir(n, x) = Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^(n+k) * binomial(n+k, 2*k) * (2*x + 2)^k. (End)

A258993 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n+k,n-k), k = 0..n-1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 1, 6, 5, 1, 10, 15, 7, 1, 15, 35, 28, 9, 1, 21, 70, 84, 45, 11, 1, 28, 126, 210, 165, 66, 13, 1, 36, 210, 462, 495, 286, 91, 15, 1, 45, 330, 924, 1287, 1001, 455, 120, 17, 1, 55, 495, 1716, 3003, 3003, 1820, 680, 153, 19, 1, 66, 715, 3003, 6435, 8008, 6188, 3060, 969, 190, 21

Offset: 1

Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 22 2015

T(n,k) = A085478(n,k) = A007318(A094727(n),A004736(k)), k = 0..n-1;
rounded(T(n,k)/(2*k+1)) = A258708(n,k);
rounded(sum(T(n,k)/(2*k+1)): k = 0..n-1) = A000967(n).

			.  n\k |  0  1    2    3     4     5     6     7    8    9  10 11
. -----+-----------------------------------------------------------
.   1  |  1
.   2  |  1  3
.   3  |  1  6    5
.   4  |  1 10   15    7
.   5  |  1 15   35   28     9
.   6  |  1 21   70   84    45    11
.   7  |  1 28  126  210   165    66    13
.   8  |  1 36  210  462   495   286    91    15
.   9  |  1 45  330  924  1287  1001   455   120   17
.  10  |  1 55  495 1716  3003  3003  1820   680  153   19
.  11  |  1 66  715 3003  6435  8008  6188  3060  969  190  21
.  12  |  1 78 1001 5005 12870 19448 18564 11628 4845 1330 231 23  .

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 1..125 of triangle, flattened

If a diagonal of 1's is added on the right, this becomes A085478.
Essentially the same as A143858.
Cf. A007318, A004736, A094727.
Cf. A027941 (row sums), A117671 (central terms), A143858, A000967, A258708.
T(n,k): A000217 (k=1), A000332 (k=2), A000579 (k=3), A000581 (k=4), A001287 (k=5), A010965 (k=6), A010967 (k=7), A010969 (k=8), A010971 (k=9), A010973 (k=10), A010975 (k=11), A010977 (k=12), A010979 (k=13), A010981 (k=14), A010983 (k=15), A010985 (k=16), A010987 (k=17), A010989 (k=18), A010991 (k=19), A010993 (k=20), A010995 (k=21), A010997 (k=22), A010999 (k=23), A011001 (k=24), A017714 (k=25), A017716 (k=26), A017718 (k=27), A017720 (k=28), A017722 (k=29), A017724 (k=30), A017726 (k=31), A017728 (k=32), A017730 (k=33), A017732 (k=34), A017734 (k=35), A017736 (k=36), A017738 (k=37), A017740 (k=38), A017742 (k=39), A017744 (k=40), A017746 (k=41), A017748 (k=42), A017750 (k=43), A017752 (k=44), A017754 (k=45), A017756 (k=46), A017758 (k=47), A017760 (k=48), A017762 (k=49), A017764 (k=50).
T(n+k,n): A005408 (k=1), A000384 (k=2), A000447 (k=3), A053134 (k=4), A002299 (k=5), A053135 (k=6), A053136 (k=7), A053137 (k=8), A053138 (k=9), A196789 (k=10).
Cf. A165253.

Flat(List([1..12], n-> List([0..n-1], k-> Binomial(n+k,n-k) ))); # G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019

a258993 n k = a258993_tabl !! (n-1) !! k
a258993_row n = a258993_tabl !! (n-1)
a258993_tabl = zipWith (zipWith a007318) a094727_tabl a004736_tabl

[Binomial(n+k,n-k): k in [0..n-1], n in [1..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019

Table[Binomial[n+k,n-k], {n,1,12}, {k,0,n-1}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019 *)

T(n,k) = binomial(n+k,n-k);
for(n=1, 12, for(k=0,n-1, print1(T(n,k), ", "))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019

[[binomial(n+k,n-k) for k in (0..n-1)] for n in (1..12)] # G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019

T(n,k) = A085478(n,k) = A007318(A094727(n),A004736(k)), k = 0..n-1;
rounded(T(n,k)/(2*k+1)) = A258708(n,k);
rounded(sum(T(n,k)/(2*k+1)): k = 0..n-1) = A000967(n).

A098149 a(0)=-1, a(1)=-1, a(n)=-3*a(n-1)-a(n-2) for n>1.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, -1, 4, -11, 29, -76, 199, -521, 1364, -3571, 9349, -24476, 64079, -167761, 439204, -1149851, 3010349, -7881196, 20633239, -54018521, 141422324, -370248451, 969323029, -2537720636, 6643838879, -17393796001, 45537549124, -119218851371

Offset: 0

Creighton Dement, Aug 29 2004

Sequence relates bisections of Lucas and Fibonacci numbers.
2*a(n) + A098150(n) = 8*(-1)^(n+1)*A001519(n) - (-1)^(n+1)*A005248(n+1). Apparently, if (z(n)) is any sequence of integers (not all zero) satisfying the formula z(n) = 2(z(n-2) - z(n-1)) + z(n-3) then |z(n+1)/z(n)| -> golden ratio phi + 1 = (3+sqrt(5))/2.
Pisano period lengths: 1, 3, 4, 6, 1, 12, 8, 6, 12, 3, 10, 12, 7, 24, 4, 12, 9, 12, 18, 6, ... . - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
From Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 12 2020: (Start)
[X(n) = (-1)^n*(S(n, 3) + S(n-1, 3)), Y(n) = X(n-1)] gives all integer solutions (modulo sign flip between X and Y) of X^2 + Y^2 + 3*X*Y = +5, for n = -oo..+oo, with Chebyshev S polynomials (A049310), with S(-1, x) = 0,  S(-|n|, x) = - S(|n|-2, x), for |n| >= 2, and S(n,-x) = (-1)^n*S(n, x). The present sequence is a(n) = -X(n-1), for n >= 0. See the formula section.
This binary indefinite quadratic form of discriminant 5, representing 5, has only this family of proper solutions (modulo sign flip), and no improper ones.
This comment is inspired by a paper by Robert K. Moniot (private communication) See his Oct 04 2020 comment in A027941 related to the case of x^2 + y^2 - 3*x*y = -1 (special Markov solutions). (End)

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Seong Ju Kim, R. Stees, and L. Taalman, Sequences of Spiral Knot Determinants, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 19 (2016), #16.1.4.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Ryan Stees, Sequences of Spiral Knot Determinants, Senior Honors Projects, Paper 84, James Madison Univ., May 2016.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (-3,-1).
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.

Cf. A098150, A001519, A005248, A000045, A001906, A049310, A027941.

a[0] = a[1] = -1; a[n_] := a[n] = -3a[n - 2] - a[n - 1]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, 27}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 01 2004 *)
LinearRecurrence[{-3,-1},{-1,-1},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 19 2014 *)
CoefficientList[Series[-(1 + 4 x)/(1 + 3 x + x^2), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 19 2014 *)

G.f.: -(1+4*x)/(1+3*x+x^2). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 19 2006
a(n) = (-1)^n*A002878(n-1). - R. J. Mathar, Jan 30 2011
-a(n+1) = Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n}(-5)^k*Binomial(n+k, n-k) = Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n}(-5)^k*A085478(n, k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 28 2006
a(n) = (-1)^n*(S(n-1, 3) + S(n-2, 3)) = (-1)^n*S(2*(n-1), sqrt(5)), for n >= 0, with Chebyshev S polynomials (A049310), with S(-1, x) = 0 and S(-2, x) = -1. S(n, 3) = A001906(n+1) = F(2*(n+1)), with F = A000045. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 12 2020

Simpler definition from Philippe Deléham, Nov 19 2006

A109954 Riordan array (1/(1+x)^3,x/(1+x)^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -3, 1, 6, -5, 1, -10, 15, -7, 1, 15, -35, 28, -9, 1, -21, 70, -84, 45, -11, 1, 28, -126, 210, -165, 66, -13, 1, -36, 210, -462, 495, -286, 91, -15, 1, 45, -330, 924, -1287, 1001, -455, 120, -17, 1, -55, 495, -1716, 3003, -3003, 1820, -680, 153, -19, 1, 66, -715, 3003, -6435, 8008, -6188, 3060, -969, 190, -21, 1

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Jul 06 2005

Inverse of Riordan array (c(x)^3,x*c(x)^2) or A050155, with c(x) the g.f. of A000108. Unsigned array is the Riordan array (1/(1-x)^3,x/(1-x)^2), with T(n,k) = binomial(n+k+2,2*k+2).
Triangle of coefficients of polynomials defined by: c0=1; p(x, n) = (2 + c0 - x)*p(x, n - 1) + (-1 - c0 (2 - x))*p(x, n - 2) + c0*p(x, n - 3). Setting c0=0 gives A136674. - Roger L. Bagula, Apr 08 2008
The triangle entries Ts(n,k):=(-1)^(n-1)*A109954(n-1, k) = ((-1)^k)*binomial(n+k+1, 2(k+1)), n>=1, k=0..n-1, are the coefficients of x^(2*k) of the polynomial P(n,x^2) := (1 - (-1)^n*S(2*n,x))/x^2, with the Chebyshev S-polynomials with coefficient triangle given in A049310.
  P(n,x^2) = - R(n+1,x)*S(n-1,x)/x^2 if n is even and P(n,x^2) = R(n,x)*S(n,x)/x^2 if n is odd, with R the monic integer Chebyshev T-polynomials with coefficient triangle given in A127672. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 24 2012.

			Triangle T(n, k) begins:
  n/k   0     1      2     3     4      5     6    7   8   9 10
  0:    1
  1:   -3     1
  2:    6    -5      1
  3:  -10    15     -7     1
  4:   15   -35     28    -9     1
  5:  -21    70    -84    45   -11      1
  6:   28  -126    210  -165    66    -13     1
  7:  -36   210   -462   495  -286     91   -15    1
  8:   45  -330    924 -1287  1001   -455   120  -17   1
  9:  -55   495  -1716  3003 -3003   1820  -680  153 -19   1
  10:  66  -715   3003 -6435  8008  -6188  3060 -969 190 -21  1
  ... Reformatted and extended by Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 24 2012.

Cf. A129818, A085478.

c0 = 1; p[x, -1] = 0; p[x, 0] = 1; p[x, 1] = 2 - x + c0; p[x_, n_] := p[x, n] = (2 + c0 - x)*p[x, n - 1] + (-1 - c0 (2 - x))*p[x, n - 2] + c0*p[x, n - 3]; Table[ExpandAll[p[x, n]], {n, 0, 10}]; a = Table[CoefficientList[p[x, n], x], {n, 0, 10}]; Flatten[a] - Roger L. Bagula, Apr 08 2008

Number triangle T(n, k) = (-1)^(n+k)*binomial(n+k+2, 2*k+2) [offset (0, 0)].

A208513 Triangle of coefficients of polynomials u(n,x) jointly generated with A111125; see the Formula section.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 9, 6, 1, 1, 16, 20, 8, 1, 1, 25, 50, 35, 10, 1, 1, 36, 105, 112, 54, 12, 1, 1, 49, 196, 294, 210, 77, 14, 1, 1, 64, 336, 672, 660, 352, 104, 16, 1, 1, 81, 540, 1386, 1782, 1287, 546, 135, 18, 1, 1, 100, 825, 2640, 4290, 4004, 2275, 800, 170, 20, 1

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Feb 28 2012

The columns of A208513 are identical to those of A208509.  Here, however, the alternating row sums are periodic (with period 1,0,-2,-3,-2,0).
From Tom Copeland, Nov 07 2015: (Start)
These polynomials may be expressed in terms of the Faber polynomials of A263916, similar to A127677.
Rephrasing notes in A111125: Append an initial column of zeros except for a 1 at the top to A111125. Then the rows of this entry contain the partial sums of the column sequences of modified A111125; therefore, the difference of consecutive pairs of rows of this entry, modified by appending an initial row of zeros to it, generates the modified A111125. (End)

			First five rows:
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  4,  1;
  1,  9,  6, 1;
  1, 16, 20, 8, 1;
First five polynomials u(n,x):
  u(1,x) = 1;
  u(2,x) = 1 +    x;
  u(3,x) = 1 +  4*x +    x^2;
  u(4,x) = 1 +  9*x +  6*x^2 +   x^3;
  u(5,x) = 1 + 16*x + 20*x^2 + 8*x^3 + x^4;

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 1..50 of the triangle, flattened
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Morgan-Voyce polynomials

Cf. A085478, A078812, A111125, A156308, A208509, A211956.

Cf. A127677, A263916.

A208513:= func< n,k | k eq 1 select 1 else (2*(n-1)/(n+k-2))*Binomial(n+k-2, 2*k-2) >;
[A208513(n,k): k in [1..n], n in [1..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Feb 02 2022

(* First program *)
u[1, x_]:=1; v[1, x_]:=1; z=16;
u[n_, x_]:= u[n-1, x] + x*v[n-1, x];
v[n_, x_]:= u[n-1, x] + (x+1)*v[n-1, x] + 1;
Table[Expand[u[n, x]], {n, 1, z/2}]
Table[Expand[v[n, x]], {n, 1, z/2}]
cu = Table[CoefficientList[u[n, x], x], {n,z}];
TableForm[cu]
Flatten[%]  (* A208513 *)
Table[Expand[v[n, x]], {n,z}]
cv = Table[CoefficientList[v[n, x], x], {n,z}];
TableForm[cv]
Flatten[%]  (* A111125 *)
(* Second program *)
T[n_, k_]:= If[k==1, 1, ((n-1)/(k-1))*Binomial[n+k-3, 2*k-3]];
Table[T[n, k], {n,15}, {k,n}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Feb 02 2022 *)

def A208513(n,k): return 1 if (k==1) else ((n-1)/(k-1))*binomial(n+k-3, 2*k-3)
flatten([[A208513(n,k) for k in (1..n)] for n in (1..12)]) # G. C. Greubel, Feb 02 2022

Coefficients of u(n, x) from the mixed recurrence relations:
  u(n,x) = u(n-1,x) + x*v(n-1,x),
  v(n,x) = u(n-1,x) + (x+1)*v(n-1,x) + 1,
where u(1,x) = 1, u(2,x) = 1+x, v(1,x) = 1, v(2,x) = 3+x.
From Peter Bala, May 01 2012: (Start)
Working with an offset of 0: T(n,0) = 1; T(n,k) = (n/k)*binomial(n+k-1,2*k-1) = (n/k)*A078812(n,k) for k > 0. Cf. A156308.
O.g.f.: ((1-t)^2 + t^2*x)/((1-t)*((1-t)^2-t*x)) = 1 + (1+x)*t + (1+4*x+x^2)*t^2 + ....
u(n+1,x) = -1 + (b(2*n,x) + 1)/b(n,x), where b(n,x) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n+k, 2*k)*x^k are the Morgan-Voyce polynomials of A085478.
This triangle is formed from the even numbered rows of A211956 with a factor of 2^(k-1) removed from the k-th column entries.
(End)
T(n, k) = (2*(n-1)/(n+k-2))*binomial(n+k-2, 2*k-2). - G. C. Greubel, Feb 02 2022

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