A124010 -id:A124010 - cp's OEIS frontend

A268335 Exponentially odd numbers.

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97

Offset: 1

Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 01 2016

nonn

The sequence is formed by 1 and the numbers whose prime power factorization contains only odd exponents.
The density of the sequence is the constant given by A065463.
Except for the first term the same as A002035. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 07 2016
Also numbers k all of whose divisors are bi-unitary divisors (i.e., A286324(k) = A000005(k)). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 19 2018
The term "exponentially odd integers" was apparently coined by Cohen (1960). These numbers were also called "unitarily 2-free", or "2-skew", by Cohen (1961). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 22 2024

Peter J. C. Moses, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..2000
Eckford Cohen, Arithmetical functions associated with the unitary divisors of an integer, Mathematische Zeitschrift, Vol. 74 (1960), pp. 66-80.
Eckford Cohen, Some sets of integers related to the k-free integers, Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged), Vol. 22, No. 3-4 (1961), pp. 223-233.
Vladimir Shevelev, Exponentially S-numbers, arXiv:1510.05914 [math.NT], 2015.
Vladimir Shevelev, Set of all densities of exponentially S-numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.03860 [math.NT], 2015.
Vladimir Shevelev, S-exponential numbers, Acta Arithmetica, Vol. 175(2016), 385-395.
D. Suryanarayana and R. Sita Rama Chandra Rao, Distribution of unitarily k-free integers, Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society, Vol. 20 , No. 2 (1975), pp. 129-141.

Cf. A002035, A209061, A138302, A197680, A000578, A000584, A001014, A001017, A008456, A010803, A010805, A010806, A010808, A010811, A010812, A001221, A124010.

Select[Range@ 100, AllTrue[Last /@ FactorInteger@ #, OddQ] &] (* Version 10, or *)
Select[Range@ 100, Times @@ Boole[OddQ /@ Last /@ FactorInteger@ #] == 1 &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Feb 02 2016 *)

isok(n)=my(f = factor(n)); for (k=1, #f~, if (!(f[k,2] % 2), return (0))); 1; \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 02 2016

from itertools import count, islice
from sympy import factorint
def A268335_gen(startvalue=1): # generator of terms >= startvalue
    return filter(lambda n:all(e&1 for e in factorint(n).values()),count(max(startvalue,1)))
A268335_list = list(islice(A268335_gen(),20)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 22 2023

Sum_{a(n)<=x} 1 = C*x + O(sqrt(x)*log x*e^(c*sqrt(log x)/(log(log x))), where c = 4*sqrt(2.4/log 2) = 7.44308... and C = Product_{prime p} (1 - 1/p*(p + 1)) = 0.7044422009991... (A065463).

Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^s = zeta(2*s) * Product_{p prime} (1 + 1/p^s - 1/p^(2*s)), s>1. - Amiram Eldar, Sep 26 2023

A052410 Write n = m^k with m, k integers, k >= 1, then a(n) is the smallest possible choice for m.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 2, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 5, 26, 3, 28, 29, 30, 31, 2, 33, 34, 35, 6, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 7, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 2, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein

nonn

Value of m in m^p = n, where p is the largest possible power (see A052409).
For n > 1, n is a perfect power iff a(n) <> n. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 13 2002
a(n)^A052409(n) = n. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2014
Every integer root of n is a power of a(n). All entries (except 1) belong to A007916. - Gus Wiseman, Sep 11 2017

Daniel Forgues, Table of n, a(n) for n=1..100000
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Power
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Perfect Power

Cf. A001597, A025478, A007916, A027748, A052409, A072775, A124010, A175781, A278028, A288636, A289023.

a052410 n = product $ zipWith (^)
                      (a027748_row n) (map (`div` (foldl1 gcd es)) es)
            where es = a124010_row n
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 15 2012

a:= n-> (l-> (t-> mul(i[1]^(i[2]/t), i=l))(
         igcd(seq(i[2], i=l))))(ifactors(n)[2]):
seq(a(n), n=1..74);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 22 2024

Table[If[n==1, 1, n^(1/(GCD@@(Last/@FactorInteger[n])))], {n, 100}]

a(n) = if (ispower(n,,&r), r, n); \\ Michel Marcus, Jul 19 2017

def upto(n):
    list = [1] + [0] * (n - 1)
    for i in range(2, n + 1):
        if not list[i - 1]:
            j = i
            while j <= n:
                list[j - 1] = i
                j *= i
    return list
# M. Eren Kesim, Jun 03 2021

from math import gcd
from sympy import integer_nthroot, factorint
def A052410(n): return integer_nthroot(n,gcd(*factorint(n).values()))[0] if n>1 else 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 02 2024

a(A001597(k)) = A025478(k).

a(n) = A007916(A278028(n,1)). - Gus Wiseman, Sep 11 2017

Definition edited (in a complementary form to A052409) by Daniel Forgues, Mar 14 2009
Corrected by Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 02 2009
Definition edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 03 2010

A052409 a(n) = largest integer power m for which a representation of the form n = k^m exists (for some k).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein

nonn

Greatest common divisor of all prime-exponents in canonical factorization of n for n>1: a(n)>1 iff n is a perfect power; a(A001597(k))=A025479(k). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 13 2002
a(1) set to 0 since there is no largest finite integer power m for which a representation of the form 1 = 1^m exists (infinite largest m). - Daniel Forgues, Mar 06 2009
A052410(n)^a(n) = n. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2014
Positions of 1's are A007916. Smallest base is given by A052410. - Gus Wiseman, Jun 09 2020

			n = 72 = 2*2*2*3*3: GCD[exponents] = GCD[3,2] = 1. This is the least n for which a(n) <> A051904(n), the minimum of exponents.
For n = 10800 = 2^4 * 3^3 * 5^2, GCD[4,3,2] = 1, thus a(10800) = 1.

Daniel Forgues, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100000
N. J. A. Sloane, Maple programs for A007916, A278028, A278029, A052409, A089723, A277564
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Power
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Perfect Power
Index entries for sequences computed from exponents in factorization of n

Cf. A052410, A005361, A051903, A072411-A072414, A124010, A075802, A072776, A270492.
Apart from the initial term essentially the same as A253641.
Differs from A051904 for the first time at n=72, where a(72) = 1, while A051904(72) = 2.
Differs from A158378 for the first time at n=10800, where a(10800) = 1, while A158378(10800) = 2.
Cf. A000005, A000961, A001597, A052410, A303386, A327501.

a052409 1 = 0
a052409 n = foldr1 gcd $ a124010_row n
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 26 2012

# See link.
#
a:= n-> igcd(map(i-> i[2], ifactors(n)[2])[]):
seq(a(n), n=1..120);  # Alois P. Heinz, Oct 20 2019

Table[GCD @@ Last /@ FactorInteger[n], {n, 100}] (* Ray Chandler, Jan 24 2006 *)

a(n)=my(k=ispower(n)); if(k, k, n>1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 30 2012

from math import gcd
from sympy import factorint
def A052409(n): return gcd(*factorint(n).values()) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 31 2022

(define (A052409 n) (if (= 1 n) 0 (gcd (A067029 n) (A052409 (A028234 n))))) ;; Antti Karttunen, Aug 07 2017

a(1) = 0; for n > 1, a(n) = gcd(A067029(n), a(A028234(n))). - Antti Karttunen, Aug 07 2017

More terms from Labos Elemer, Jun 17 2002

A037445 Number of infinitary divisors (or i-divisors) of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 8, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 8, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 8, 2, 8, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 8, 4, 8, 4, 4, 2, 8, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 2, 4, 4, 8, 2, 8, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 8, 4, 4, 4, 8, 2, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 8, 2, 8, 8

Offset: 1

Yasutoshi Kohmoto

A divisor of n is called infinitary if it is a product of divisors of the form p^{y_a 2^a}, where p^y is a prime power dividing n and sum_a y_a 2^a is the binary representation of y.

The smallest number m with exactly 2^n infinitary divisors is A037992(n); for these values m, a(m) increases also to a new record. - Bernard Schott, Mar 09 2023

			For n = 8, n = 2^3 = 2^"11" (writing 3 in binary) so the infinitary divisors are 2^"00" = 1, 2^"01" = 2, 2^"10" = 4 and 2^"11" = 8, so a(8) = 4.
For n = 90, n = 2*5*9 where 2,5,9 are in A050376, so a(90) = 2^3 = 8.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Steven R. Finch, Unitarism and Infinitarism, February 25, 2004. [Cached copy, with permission of the author]
J. O. M. Pedersen, Tables of Aliquot Cycles [Broken link]
J. O. M. Pedersen, Tables of Aliquot Cycles [Via Internet Archive Wayback-Machine]
J. O. M. Pedersen, Tables of Aliquot Cycles [Cached copy, pdf file only]
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Infinitary Divisor
Index entries for sequences computed from exponents in factorization of n

Cf. A000120, A001316, A004607, A007358, A007357, A037992, A038148, A049417, A064547, A074848, A077609, A124010, A156552, A286575.

a037445 = product . map (a000079 . a000120) . a124010_row
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 19 2013

A037445 := proc(n)
    local a,p;
    a := 1 ;
    for p in ifactors(n)[2] do
        a := a*2^wt(p[2]) ;
    end do:
    a ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, May 16 2016

Table[Length@((Times @@ (First[it]^(#1 /. z -> List)) & ) /@
Flatten[Outer[z, Sequence @@ bitty /@
Last[it = Transpose[FactorInteger[k]]], 1]]), {k, 2, 240}]
bitty[k_] := Union[Flatten[Outer[Plus, Sequence @@ ({0, #1} & ) /@ Union[2^Range[0, Floor[Log[2, k]]]*Reverse[IntegerDigits[k, 2]]]]]]
y[n_] := Select[Range[0, n], BitOr[n, # ] == n & ] divisors[Infinity][1] := {1}
divisors[Infinity][n_] := Sort[Flatten[Outer[Times, Sequence @@ (FactorInteger[n] /. {p_, m_Integer} :> p^y[m])]]] Length /@ divisors[Infinity] /@ Range[105] (* Paul Abbott (paul(AT)physics.uwa.edu.au), Apr 29 2005 *)
a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Times @@ Flatten[ 2^DigitCount[#, 2, 1]&  /@ FactorInteger[n][[All, 2]] ]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 105}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 19 2013, after Reinhard Zumkeller *)

A037445(n) = factorback(apply(a -> 2^hammingweight(a), factorint(n)[,2])) \\ Andrew Lelechenko, May 10 2014

from sympy import factorint
def wt(n): return bin(n).count("1")
def a(n):
    f=factorint(n)
    return 2**sum([wt(f[i]) for i in f]) # Indranil Ghosh, May 30 2017

(define (A037445 n) (if (= 1 n) n (* (A001316 (A067029 n)) (A037445 (A028234 n))))) ;; Antti Karttunen, May 28 2017

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = 2^A000120(e). - David W. Wilson, Sep 01 2001
Let n = q_1*...*q_k, where q_1,...,q_k are different terms of A050376. Then a(n) = 2^k (the number of subsets of a set with k elements is 2^k). - Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 19 2011.
a(n) = Product_{k=1..A001221(n)} A000079(A000120(A124010(n,k))). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 19 2013
From Antti Karttunen, May 28 2017: (Start)
a(n) = A286575(A156552(n)). [Because multiplicative with a(p^e) = A001316(e).]
a(n) = 2^A064547(n). (End)
a(A037992(n)) = 2^n. - Bernard Schott, Mar 10 2023

Corrected and extended by Naohiro Nomoto, Jun 21 2001

A006939 Chernoff sequence: a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} prime(k)^(n-k+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 12, 360, 75600, 174636000, 5244319080000, 2677277333530800000, 25968760179275365452000000, 5793445238736255798985527240000000, 37481813439427687898244906452608585200000000, 7517370874372838151564668004911177464757864076000000000, 55784440720968513813368002533861454979548176771615744085560000000000

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Product of first n primorials: a(n) = Product_{i=1..n} A002110(i).
Superprimorials, from primorials by analogy with superfactorials.
Smallest number k with n distinct exponents in its prime factorization, i.e., A071625(k) = n.
Subsequence of A130091. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 06 2007
Hankel transform of A171448. - Paul Barry, Dec 09 2009
This might be a good place to explain the name "Chernoff sequence" since his name does not appear in the References or Links as of Mar 22 2014. - Jonathan Sondow, Mar 22 2014
Pickover (1992) named this sequence after Paul Chernoff of California, who contributed this sequence to his book. He was possibly referring to American mathematician Paul Robert Chernoff (1942 - 2017), a professor at the University of California. - Amiram Eldar, Jul 27 2020

			a(4) = 360 because 2^3 * 3^2 * 5 = 1 * 2 * 6 * 30 = 360.
a(5) = 75600 because 2^4 * 3^3 * 5^2 * 7 = 1 * 2 * 6 * 30 * 210 = 75600.

Clifford A. Pickover, Mazes for the Mind, St. Martin's Press, NY, 1992, p. 351.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
James K. Strayer, Elementary number theory, Waveland Press, Inc., Long Grove, IL, 1994. See p. 37.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..25

Cf. A000178 (product of first n factorials), A007489 (sum of first n factorials), A060389 (sum of first n primorials).
Cf. A002110, A051357.
A000142 counts divisors of superprimorials.
A000325 counts uniform divisors of superprimorials.
A008302 counts divisors of superprimorials by bigomega.
A022915 counts permutations of prime indices of superprimorials.
A076954 is a sister-sequence.
A118914 has row a(n) equal to {1..n}.
A124010 has row a(n) equal to {n..1}.
A130091 lists numbers with distinct prime multiplicities.
A317829 counts factorizations of superprimorials.
A336417 counts perfect-power divisors of superprimorials.
A336426 gives non-products of superprimorials.
Cf. A001221, A001222, A005117, A022559, A071625, A181796, A181819, A336419, A336420, A336496.

a006939 n = a006939_list !! n
a006939_list = scanl1 (*) a002110_list -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 21 2012

[1] cat [(&*[NthPrime(k)^(n-k+1): k in [1..n]]): n in [1..15]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 14 2018

a := []; printlevel := -1; for k from 0 to 20 do a := [op(a),product(ithprime(i)^(k-i+1),i=1..k)] od; print(a);

Rest[FoldList[Times,1,FoldList[Times,1,Prime[Range[15]]]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 07 2011 *)
Table[Times@@Table[Prime[i]^(n - i + 1), {i, n}], {n, 12}] (* Alonso del Arte, Sep 30 2011 *)

a(n)=prod(k=1,n,prime(k)^(n-k+1)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 25 2011

from math import prod
from sympy import prime
def A006939(n): return prod(prime(k)**(n-k+1) for k in range(1,n+1)) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 12 2025

a(n) = m(1)*m(2)*m(3)*...*m(n), where m(n) = n-th primorial number. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 20 2005
a(0) = 1, a(n) = a(n - 1)p(n)#, where p(n)# is the n-th primorial A002110(n) (the product of the first n primes). - Alonso del Arte, Sep 30 2011
log a(n) = n^2(log n + log log n - 3/2 + o(1))/2. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 14 2011
A181796(a(n)) = A000110(n+1). It would be interesting to have a bijective proof of this theorem, which is stated at A181796 without proof. See also A336420. - Gus Wiseman, Aug 03 2020

Corrected and extended by Labos Elemer, May 30 2001

A050320 Number of ways n is a product of squarefree numbers > 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 5, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 5, 1, 2, 2, 5, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 5, 1

Offset: 1

Christian G. Bower, Sep 15 1999

a(n) depends only on prime signature of n (cf. A025487). So a(24) = a(375) since 24 = 2^3*3 and 375 = 3*5^3 both have prime signature (3,1).
Broughan shows (Theorem 8) that the average value of a(n) is k exp(2*sqrt(log n)/sqrt(zeta(2)))/log(n)^(3/4) where k is about 0.18504.  - Charles R Greathouse IV, May 21 2013
From Gus Wiseman, Aug 20 2020: (Start)
Also the number of set multipartitions (multisets of sets) of the multiset of prime indices of n. For example, the a(n) set multipartitions for n = 2, 6, 36, 60, 360 are:
  {1}  {12}    {12}{12}      {1}{123}      {1}{12}{123}
       {1}{2}  {1}{2}{12}    {12}{13}      {12}{12}{13}
               {1}{1}{2}{2}  {1}{1}{23}    {1}{1}{12}{23}
                             {1}{2}{13}    {1}{1}{2}{123}
                             {1}{3}{12}    {1}{2}{12}{13}
                             {1}{1}{2}{3}  {1}{3}{12}{12}
                                           {1}{1}{1}{2}{23}
                                           {1}{1}{2}{2}{13}
                                           {1}{1}{2}{3}{12}
                                           {1}{1}{1}{2}{2}{3}
(End)

			For n = 36 we have three choices as 36 = 2*2*3*3 = 6*6 = 2*3*6 (but no factorizations with factors 4, 9, 12, 18 or 36 are allowed), thus a(36) = 3. - _Antti Karttunen_, Oct 21 2017

Giovanni Resta, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Kevin Broughan, Quadrafree factorisatio numerorum, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 44 (3) (2014) 791-807.
Index entries for sequences computed from exponents in factorization of n

Cf. A001055, A005117, A050325. a(p^k)=1. a(A002110)=A000110.
a(n!)=A103774(n).
Cf. A206778.
Differs from A259936 for the first time at n=36.
A050326 is the strict case.
A045778 counts strict factorizations.
A089259 counts set multipartitions of integer partitions.
A116540 counts normal set multipartitions.
Cf. A008480, A124010, A317829, A318360.

a050320 n = h n $ tail $ a206778_row n where
   h 1 _          = 1
   h _ []         = 0
   h m fs'@(f:fs) =
     if f > m then 0 else if r > 0 then h m fs else h m' fs' + h m fs
     where (m', r) = divMod m f
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 16 2013

sub[w_, e_] := Block[{v = w}, v[[e]]--; v]; ric[w_, k_] := If[Max[w] == 0, 1, Block[{e, s, p = Flatten@Position[Sign@w, 1]}, s = Select[Prepend[#, First@p] & /@ Subsets[Rest@p], Total[1/2^#] <= k &]; Sum[ric[sub[w, e], Total[1/2^e]], {e, s}]]]; sig[w_] := sig[w] = ric[w, 1];  a[n_] := sig@ Sort[Last /@ FactorInteger[n]]; Array[a, 103] (* Giovanni Resta, May 21 2013 *)
sqfacs[n_]:=If[n<=1,{{}},Join@@Table[(Prepend[#,d]&)/@Select[sqfacs[n/d],Min@@#>=d&],{d,Select[Rest[Divisors[n]],SquareFreeQ]}]]
Table[Length[sqfacs[n]],{n,100}] (* Gus Wiseman, Aug 20 2020 *)

Dirichlet g.f.: Product_{n is squarefree and > 1} (1/(1-1/n^s)).
a(n) = A050325(A101296(n)). - R. J. Mathar, May 26 2017
a(n!) = A103774(n); a(A006939(n)) = A337072(n). - Gus Wiseman, Aug 20 2020

A048691 a(n) = d(n^2), where d(k) = A000005(k) is the number of divisors of k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 3, 5, 3, 9, 3, 7, 5, 9, 3, 15, 3, 9, 9, 9, 3, 15, 3, 15, 9, 9, 3, 21, 5, 9, 7, 15, 3, 27, 3, 11, 9, 9, 9, 25, 3, 9, 9, 21, 3, 27, 3, 15, 15, 9, 3, 27, 5, 15, 9, 15, 3, 21, 9, 21, 9, 9, 3, 45, 3, 9, 15, 13, 9, 27, 3, 15, 9, 27, 3, 35, 3, 9, 15, 15, 9, 27, 3, 27

Offset: 1

David Johnson-Davies

Inverse Moebius transform of A034444: Sum_{d|n} 2^omega(d), where omega(n) = A001221(n) is the number of distinct primes dividing n.
Number of elements in the set {(x,y): x|n, y|n, gcd(x,y)=1}.
Number of elements in the set {(x,y): lcm(x,y)=n}.
Also gives total number of positive integral solutions (x,y), order being taken into account, to the optical or parallel resistor equation 1/x + 1/y = 1/n. Indeed, writing the latter as X*Y=N, with X=x-n, Y=y-n, N=n^2, the one-to-one correspondence between solutions (X, Y) and (x, y) is obvious, so that clearly, the solution pairs (x, y) are tau(N)=tau(n^2) in number. - Lekraj Beedassy, May 31 2002
Number of ordered pairs of positive integers (a,c) such that n^2 - ac = 0. Therefore number of quadratic equations of the form ax^2 + 2nx + c = 0 where a,n,c are positive integers and each equation has two equal (rational) roots, -n/a. (If a and c are positive integers, but, instead, the coefficient of x is odd, it is impossible for the equation to have equal roots.) - Rick L. Shepherd, Jun 19 2005
Problem A1 on the 21st Putnam competition in 1960 (see John Scholes link) asked for the number of pairs of positive integers (x,y) such that xy/(x+y) = n: the answer is a(n); for n = 4, the a(4) = 5 solutions (x,y) are (5,20), (6,12), (8,8), (12,6), (20,5). - Bernard Schott, Feb 12 2023
Numbers k such that a(k)/d(k) is an integer are in A217584 and the corresponding quotients are in A339055. - Bernard Schott, Feb 15 2023

A. M. Gleason et al., The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competitions, Problems & Solutions:1938-1960 Soln. to Prob. 1 1960, p. 516, MAA, 1980.
Ross Honsberger, More Mathematical Morsels, Morsel 43, pp. 232-3, DMA No. 10 MAA, 1991.
Loren C. Larson, Problem-Solving Through Problems, Prob. 3.3.7, p. 102, Springer 1983.
Alfred S. Posamentier and Charles T. Salkind, Challenging Problems in Algebra, Prob. 9-9 pp. 143 Dover NY, 1988.
D. O. Shklarsky et al., The USSR Olympiad Problem Book, Soln. to Prob. 123, pp. 28, 217-8, Dover NY.
Wacław Sierpiński, Elementary Theory of Numbers, pp. 71-2, Elsevier, North Holland, 1988.
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 91.
Charles W. Trigg, Mathematical Quickies, Question 194, pp. 53, 168, Dover, 1985.

Enrique Pérez Herrero, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Ovidiu Bagdasar, On Some Functions Involving the lcm and gcd of Integer Tuples.
Umberto Cerruti, Percorsi tra i numeri (in Italian), pages 3-4.
Daniele A. Gewurz and Francesca Merola, Sequences realized as Parker vectors of oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integer Seq., Vol. 6 (2003), Article 03.1.6.
John Scholes, Problem A1 of 21st Putnam Competition 1960, 2002. [Wayback Machine link]
Wacław Sierpiński, Elementary Theory of Numbers, Warszawa 1964.
Index to sequences related to Olympiads and other Mathematical competitions.

Cf. A000005, A034444, Mobius transf. of A035116, A048785, A061391, A018805, A002088, A015614, A018892, A063647, A182139.
Partial sums give A061503.
For similar LCM sequences, see A070919, A070920, A070921.
Cf. A005408, A124010.
For the earliest occurrence of 2n-1 see A016017.
Cf. A001620, A082633, A217584, A339055.

a048691 = product . map (a005408 . fromIntegral) . a124010_row
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2012

A048691[n_]:=DivisorSigma[0,n^2] (* Enrique Pérez Herrero, May 30 2010 *)
DivisorSigma[0,Range[80]^2] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 08 2015 *)

numlib::tau (n^2)$ n=1..90 // Zerinvary Lajos, May 13 2008

A048691(n)=prod(i=1,#n=factor(n)[,2],n[i]*2+1) /* or, of course, a(n)=numdiv(n^2) */ \\ M. F. Hasler, Dec 30 2007

for(n=1, 100, print1(direuler(p=2, n, (1 - X^2)/(1 - X)^3)[n], ", ")) \\ Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 21 2021

[sigma(n**2, 0) for n in range(1, 81)] # Stefano Spezia, Jul 14 2025

a(n) = A000005(A000290(n)).
tau(n^2) = Sum_{d|n} mu(n/d)*tau(d)^2, where mu(n) = A008683(n), cf. A061391.
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = 2e+1. - Vladeta Jovovic, Jul 23 2001
Also a(n) = Sum_{d|n} (tau(d)*moebius(n/d)^2), Dirichlet convolution of A000005 and A008966. - Benoit Cloitre, Sep 08 2002
a(n) = A055205(n) + A000005(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 08 2009
Dirichlet g.f.: (zeta(s))^3/zeta(2s). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 11 2011
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} 2^omega(d). Inverse Mobius transform of A034444. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Apr 14 2012
G.f.: Sum_{k>=1} 2^omega(k)*x^k/(1 - x^k). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Mar 10 2018
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ n*(6/Pi^2)*(log(n)^2/2 + log(n)*(3*gamma - 1) + 1 - 3*gamma + 3*gamma^2 - 3*gamma_1 + (2 - 6*gamma - 2*log(n))*zeta'(2)/zeta(2) + (2*zeta'(2)/zeta(2))^2 - 2*zeta''(2)/zeta(2)), where gamma is Euler's constant (A001620) and gamma_1 is the first Stieltjes constant (A082633). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 26 2023

Additional comments from Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 29 2001

A002654 Number of ways of writing n as a sum of at most two nonzero squares, where order matters; also (number of divisors of n of form 4m+1) - (number of divisors of form 4m+3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Glaisher calls this E(n) or E_0(n). - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 24 2018
Number of sublattices of Z X Z of index n that are similar to Z X Z; number of (principal) ideals of Z[i] of norm n.
a(n) is also one fourth of the number of integer solutions of n = x^2 + y^2 (order and signs matter, and 0 (without signs) is allowed). a(n) = N(n)/4, with N(n) from p. 147 of the Niven-Zuckermann reference. See also Theorem 5.12, p. 150, which defines a (strongly) multiplicative function h(n) which coincides with A056594(n-1), n >= 1, and N(n)/4 = sum(h(d), d divides n). - Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 19 2013
a(2+8*N) = A008441(N) gives the number of ways of writing N as the sum of 2 (nonnegative) triangular numbers for N >= 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 12 2017
Coefficients of Dedekind zeta function for the quadratic number field of discriminant -4. See A002324 for formula and Maple code. - N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 22 2022

			4 = 2^2, so a(4) = 1; 5 = 1^2 + 2^2 = 2^2 + 1^2, so a(5) = 2.
x + x^2 + x^4 + 2*x^5 + x^8 + x^9 + 2*x^10 + 2*x^13 + x^16 + 2*x^17 + x^18 + ...
2 = (+1)^2 + (+1)^2 = (+1)^2 + (-1)^2  = (-1)^2 + (+1)^2 = (-1)^2 + (-1)^2. Hence there are 4 integer solutions, called N(2) in the Niven-Zuckerman reference, and a(2) = N(2)/4 = 1.  4 = 0^1 + (+2)^2 = (+2)^2 + 0^2 = 0^2 + (-2)^2 = (-2)^2 + 0^2. Hence N(4) = 4 and a(4) = N(4)/4 = 1. N(5) = 8, a(5) = 2. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Apr 19 2013

J. M. Borwein, D. H. Bailey and R. Girgensohn, Experimentation in Mathematics, A K Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, 2004. x+357 pp. See p. 194.
George Chrystal, Algebra: An elementary text-book for the higher classes of secondary schools and for colleges, 6th ed., Chelsea Publishing Co., New York, 1959, Part II, p. 346 Exercise XXI(17). MR0121327 (22 #12066)
Emil Grosswald, Representations of Integers as Sums of Squares. Springer-Verlag, NY, 1985, p. 15.
Ivan Niven and Herbert S. Zuckerman, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, New York: John Wiley, 1980, pp. 147 and 150.
Günter Scheja and Uwe Storch, Lehrbuch der Algebra, Tuebner, 1988, p. 251.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 89.
J. V. Uspensky and M. A. Heaslet, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw-Hill, NY, 1939, p. 340.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Michael Baake, Solution of the coincidence problem in dimensions d <= 4, in R. V. Moody, ed., The Mathematics of Long-Range Aperiodic Order, Kluwer 1997, pp. 9-44; arXiv:math/0605222 [math.MG], 2006.
Michael Baake and Uwe Grimm, Quasicrystalline combinatorics, 2002.
Shai Covo, Problem 3586, Crux Mathematicorum, Vol. 36, No. 7 (2010), pp. 461 and 463; Solution to Problem 3586 by the proposer, ibid., Vol. 37, No. 7 (2011), pp. 477-479.
J. W. L. Glaisher, On the function chi(n), Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 20 (1884), pp. 97-167.
J. W. L. Glaisher, On the function chi(n), Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 20 (1884), pp. 97-167. [Annotated scanned copy]
J. W. L. Glaisher, On the function which denotes the difference between the number of (4m+1)-divisors and the number of (4m+3)-divisors of a number, Proc. London Math. Soc., Vol. 15 (1884), pp. 104-122.
J. W. L. Glaisher, On the function which denotes the difference between the number of (4m+1)-divisors and the number of (4m+3)-divisors of a number, Proc. London Math. Soc., Vol. 15 (1884), pp. 104-122. [Annotated scanned copy of pages 104-107 only]
J. W. L. Glaisher, On the representations of a number as the sum of two, four, six, eight, ten, and twelve squares, Quart. J. Math., Vol. 38 (1907), pp. 1-62 (see p. 4 and p. 8).
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, Pairs of intertwined integer sequences, arXiv:2507.15780 [math.NT], 2025. See p. 5.
Vaclav Kotesovec, Graph - the asymptotic ratio of Sum_{k=1..n} a(k)^2
Stephen C. Milne, Infinite families of exact sums of squares formulas, Jacobi elliptic functions, continued fractions and Schur functions, Ramanujan J., Vol. 6 (2002), pp. 7-149.
PeakMath, L-functions and the Langlands program (RH Saga S1E2), YouTube video (2024).
Srinivasa Ramanujan, Some formulas in the analytic theory of numbers, Messenger of Mathematics, XLV, 1916, 81-84, section (K).
John S. Rutherford, Sublattice enumeration. IV. Equivalence classes of plane sublattices by parent Patterson symmetry and colour lattice group type, Acta Cryst. (2009). A65, 156-163. [See Table 1]. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Feb 23 2009
Index entries for sequences related to sums of squares.
Index entries for sequences related to sublattices.
Index entries for "core" sequences.
Index entries for sequences mentioned by Glaisher.

Cf. A000161, A001481, A003881.
Equals 1/4 of A004018. Partial sums give A014200.
Cf. A002175, A008441, A121444, A122856, A122865, A022544, A143574, A000265, A027748, A124010, A025426 (two squares, order does not matter), A120630 (Dirichlet inverse), A101455 (Mobius transform), A000089, A241011.
If one simply reads the table in Glaisher, PLMS 1884, which omits the zero entries, one gets A213408.
Dedekind zeta functions for imaginary quadratic number fields of discriminants -3, -4, -7, -8, -11, -15, -19, -20 are A002324, A002654, A035182, A002325, A035179, A035175, A035171, A035170, respectively.
Dedekind zeta functions for real quadratic number fields of discriminants 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 28, 29, 33, 37, 40 are A035187, A035185, A035194, A035195, A035199, A035203, A035188, A035210, A035211, A035215, A035219, A035192, respectively.

a002654 n = product $ zipWith f (a027748_row m) (a124010_row m) where
   f p e | p `mod` 4 == 1 = e + 1
         | otherwise      = (e + 1) `mod` 2
   m = a000265 n
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 18 2013

with(numtheory):
A002654 := proc(n)
    local count1, count3, d;
    count1 := 0:
    count3 := 0:
    for d in numtheory[divisors](n) do
        if d mod 4 = 1 then
            count1 := count1+1
        elif d mod 4 = 3 then
            count3 := count3+1
        fi:
    end do:
    count1-count3;
end proc:
# second Maple program:
a:= n-> add(`if`(d::odd, (-1)^((d-1)/2), 0), d=numtheory[divisors](n)):
seq(a(n), n=1..100);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 04 2020

a[n_] := Count[Divisors[n], d_ /; Mod[d, 4] == 1] - Count[Divisors[n], d_ /; Mod[d, 4] == 3]; a/@Range[105] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 06 2011, after R. J. Mathar *)
QP = QPochhammer; CoefficientList[(1/q)*(QP[q^2]^10/(QP[q]*QP[q^4])^4-1)/4 + O[q]^100, q] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 24 2015 *)
f[2, e_] := 1; f[p_, e_] := If[Mod[p, 4] == 1, e + 1, Mod[e + 1, 2]]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Sep 19 2020 *)
Rest[CoefficientList[Series[EllipticTheta[3, 0, q]^2/4, {q, 0, 100}], q]] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 10 2023 *)

direuler(p=2,101,1/(1-X)/(1-kronecker(-4,p)*X))

{a(n) = polcoeff( sum(k=1, n, x^k / (1 + x^(2*k)), x * O(x^n)), n)}

{a(n) = sumdiv( n, d, (d%4==1) - (d%4==3))}

{a(n) = local(A); A = x * O(x^n); polcoeff( eta(x^2 + A)^10 / (eta(x + A) * eta(x^4 + A))^4 / 4, n)} \\ Michael Somos, Jun 03 2005

a(n)=my(f=factor(n>>valuation(n,2))); prod(i=1,#f~, if(f[i,1]%4==1, f[i,2]+1, (f[i,2]+1)%2)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 09 2014

my(B=bnfinit(x^2+1)); vector(100,n,#bnfisintnorm(B,n)) \\ Joerg Arndt, Jun 01 2024

from math import prod
from sympy import factorint
def A002654(n): return prod(1 if p == 2 else (e+1 if p % 4 == 1 else (e+1) % 2) for p, e in factorint(n).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, May 09 2022

Dirichlet series: (1-2^(-s))^(-1)*Product (1-p^(-s))^(-2) (p=1 mod 4) * Product (1-p^(-2s))^(-1) (p=3 mod 4) = Dedekind zeta-function of Z[ i ].
Coefficients in expansion of Dirichlet series Product_p (1-(Kronecker(m, p)+1)*p^(-s)+Kronecker(m, p)*p^(-2s))^(-1) for m = -16.
If n=2^k*u*v, where u is product of primes 4m+1, v is product of primes 4m+3, then a(n)=0 unless v is a square, in which case a(n) = number of divisors of u (Jacobi).
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = 1 if p = 2; e+1 if p == 1 (mod 4); (e+1) mod 2 if p == 3 (mod 4). - David W. Wilson, Sep 01 2001
G.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = f(A(x), A(x^2), A(x^4)) where f(u, v, w) = (u - v)^2 - (v - w) * (4*w + 1). - Michael Somos, Jul 19 2004
G.f.: Sum_{n>=1} ((-1)^floor(n/2)*x^((n^2+n)/2)/(1+(-x)^n)). - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 15 2004
Expansion of (eta(q^2)^10 / (eta(q) * eta(q^4))^4 - 1)/4 in powers of q.
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} x^k / (1 + x^(2*k)) = Sum_{k>0} -(-1)^k * x^(2*k - 1) / (1 - x^(2*k - 1)). - Michael Somos, Aug 17 2005
a(4*n + 3) = a(9*n + 3) = a(9*n + 6) = 0. a(9*n) = a(2*n) = a(n). - Michael Somos, Nov 01 2006
a(4*n + 1) = A008441(n). a(3*n + 1) = A122865(n). a(3*n + 2) = A122856(n). a(12*n + 1) = A002175(n). a(12*n + 5) = 2 * A121444(n). 4 * a(n) = A004018(n) unless n=0.
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} A010052(k)*A010052(n-k). a(A022544(n)) = 0; a(A001481(n)) > 0.
- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 27 2008
a(n) = A001826(n) - A001842(n). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 23 2011
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} A056594(d-1), n >= 1. See the above comment on A056594(d-1) = h(d) of the Niven-Zuckerman reference. - Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 19 2013
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s)*beta(s) = zeta(s)*L(chi_2(4),s). - Ralf Stephan, Mar 27 2015
G.f.: (theta_3(x)^2 - 1)/4, where theta_3() is the Jacobi theta function. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Apr 17 2018
a(n) = Sum_{ m: m^2|n } A000089(n/m^2). - Andrey Zabolotskiy, May 07 2018
a(n) = A053866(n) + 2 * A025441(n). - Andrey Zabolotskiy, Apr 23 2019
a(n) = Im(Sum_{d|n} i^d). - Ridouane Oudra, Feb 02 2020
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} sin((1/2)*d*Pi). - Ridouane Oudra, Jan 22 2021
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^n*a(n)/n = Pi*log(2)/4 (Covo, 2010). - Amiram Eldar, Apr 07 2022
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = Pi/4 = 0.785398... (A003881). - Amiram Eldar, Oct 11 2022
From Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 10 2023: (Start)
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k)^2 ~ n * (log(n) + C) / 4, where C = A241011 =
4*gamma - 1 + log(2)/3 - 2*log(Pi) + 8*log(Gamma(3/4)) - 12*Zeta'(2)/Pi^2 = 2.01662154573340811526279685971511542645018417752364748061...
The constant C, published by Ramanujan (1916, formula (22)), 4*gamma - 1 + log(2)/3 - log(Pi) + 4*log(Gamma(3/4)) - 12*Zeta'(2)/Pi^2 = 2.3482276258576... is wrong! (End)

A036966 3-full (or cube-full, or cubefull) numbers: if a prime p divides n then so does p^3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 16, 27, 32, 64, 81, 125, 128, 216, 243, 256, 343, 432, 512, 625, 648, 729, 864, 1000, 1024, 1296, 1331, 1728, 1944, 2000, 2048, 2187, 2197, 2401, 2592, 2744, 3125, 3375, 3456, 3888, 4000, 4096, 4913, 5000, 5184, 5488, 5832, 6561, 6859, 6912, 7776, 8000

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Also called powerful_3 numbers.
For n > 1: A124010(a(n),k) > 2, k = 1..A001221(a(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 15 2013
a(m) mod prime(n) > 0 for m < A258600(n); a(A258600(n)) = A030078(n) = prime(n)^3. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 06 2015

M. J. Halm, More Sequences, Mpossibilities 83, April 2003.
A. Ivic, The Riemann Zeta-Function, Wiley, NY, 1985, see p. 407.
E. Kraetzel, Lattice Points, Kluwer, Chap. 7, p. 276.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (terms 1..1000 from T. D. Noe)
P. Erdős and G. Szekeres, Über die Anzahl der Abelschen Gruppen gegebener Ordnung und über ein verwandtes zahlentheoretisches Problem, Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged), 7 (1935), 95-102.
M. J. Halm, Sequences
H.-Q. Liu, The number of cubefull numbers in an interval (supplement), Funct. Approx. Comment. Math. 43 (2) 105-107, December 2010.
Index entries for sequences related to powerful numbers

Cf. A001694, A030078, A036967, A065483, A258600, A376363, A376364.

import Data.Set (singleton, deleteFindMin, fromList, union)
a036966 n = a036966_list !! (n-1)
a036966_list = 1 : f (singleton z) [1, z] zs where
   f s q3s p3s'@(p3:p3s)
     | m < p3 = m : f (union (fromList $ map (* m) ps) s') q3s p3s'
     | otherwise = f (union (fromList $ map (* p3) q3s) s) (p3:q3s) p3s
     where ps = a027748_row m
           (m, s') = deleteFindMin s
   (z:zs) = a030078_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 03 2015, Dec 15 2013

isA036966 := proc(n)
    local p ;
    for p in ifactors(n)[2] do
        if op(2,p) < 3 then
            return false;
        end if;
    end do:
    return true ;
end proc:
A036966 := proc(n)
    option remember;
    if n = 1 then
        1 ;
    else
        for a from procname(n-1)+1 do
            if isA036966(a) then
                return a;
            end if;
        end do:
    end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, May 01 2013

Select[ Range[2, 8191], Min[ Table[ # [[2]], {1}] & /@ FactorInteger[ # ]] > 2 &]
Join[{1},Select[Range[8000],Min[Transpose[FactorInteger[#]][[2]]]>2&]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 17 2013 *)

is(n)=n==1 || vecmin(factor(n)[,2])>2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 17 2015

list(lim)=my(v=List(),t); for(a=1,sqrtnint(lim\1,5), for(b=1,sqrtnint(lim\a^5,4), t=a^5*b^4; for(c=1,sqrtnint(lim\t,3), listput(v,t*c^3)))); Set(v) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2015

list(lim)=my(v=List(),t); forsquarefree(a=1,sqrtnint(lim\1,5), my(a5=a[1]^5); forsquarefree(b=1,sqrtnint(lim\a5,4), if(gcd(a[1],b[1])>1, next); t=a5*b[1]^4; for(c=1,sqrtnint(lim\t,3), listput(v,t*c^3)))); Set(v) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 12 2022

from math import gcd
from sympy import integer_nthroot, factorint
def A036966(n):
    def f(x):
        c = n+x
        for w in range(1,integer_nthroot(x,5)[0]+1):
            if all(d<=1 for d in factorint(w).values()):
                for y in range(1,integer_nthroot(z:=x//w**5,4)[0]+1):
                    if gcd(w,y)==1 and all(d<=1 for d in factorint(y).values()):
                        c -= integer_nthroot(z//y**4,3)[0]
        return c
    def bisection(f,kmin=0,kmax=1):
        while f(kmax) > kmax: kmax <<= 1
        while kmax-kmin > 1:
            kmid = kmax+kmin>>1
            if f(kmid) <= kmid:
                kmax = kmid
            else:
                kmin = kmid
        return kmax
    return bisection(f,n,n) # Chai Wah Wu, Sep 10 2024

Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Product_{p prime}(1 + 1/(p^2*(p-1))) (A065483). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 23 2020

Numbers of the form x^5*y^4*z^3. There is a unique representation with x,y squarefree and coprime. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 12 2022

More terms from Erich Friedman

Corrected by Vladeta Jovovic, Aug 17 2002

A003958 If n = Product p(k)^e(k) then a(n) = Product (p(k)-1)^e(k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 6, 1, 4, 4, 10, 2, 12, 6, 8, 1, 16, 4, 18, 4, 12, 10, 22, 2, 16, 12, 8, 6, 28, 8, 30, 1, 20, 16, 24, 4, 36, 18, 24, 4, 40, 12, 42, 10, 16, 22, 46, 2, 36, 16, 32, 12, 52, 8, 40, 6, 36, 28, 58, 8, 60, 30, 24, 1, 48, 20, 66, 16, 44, 24, 70, 4, 72, 36, 32, 18, 60, 24, 78, 4, 16

Offset: 1

Marc LeBrun

Completely multiplicative.

Dirichlet inverse of A097945. - R. J. Mathar, Aug 29 2011

Daniel Forgues, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100000 (first 1000 terms from T. D. Noe)
Vaclav Kotesovec, Graph - the asymptotic ratio (10^7 terms).
Index to divisibility sequences

Cf. A003959, A168065, A168066, A027746, A006093, A027748, A124010.

a003958 1 = 1
a003958 n = product $ map (subtract 1) $ a027746_row n
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 09 2012, Mar 02 2012

a:= n-> mul((i[1]-1)^i[2], i=ifactors(n)[2]):
seq(a(n), n=1..80);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 13 2017

DirichletInverse[f_][1] = 1/f[1]; DirichletInverse[f_][n_] := DirichletInverse[f][n] = -1/f[1]*Sum[ f[n/d]*DirichletInverse[f][d], {d, Most[ Divisors[n]]}]; muphi[n_] := MoebiusMu[n]*EulerPhi[n]; Table[ DirichletInverse[ muphi][n], {n, 1, 81}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 12 2011, after R. J. Mathar *)
a[1] = 1; a[n_] := (fi = FactorInteger[n]; Times @@ ((fi[[All, 1]] - 1)^fi[[All, 2]])); Table[a[n], {n, 1, 50}] (* G. C. Greubel, Jun 10 2016 *)

a(n)=if(n<1,0,direuler(p=2,n,1/(1-p*X+X))[n]) /* Ralf Stephan */

from math import prod
from sympy import factorint
def a(n): return prod((p-1)**e for p, e in factorint(n).items())
print([a(n) for n in range(1, 82)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Feb 27 2022

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = (p-1)^e. - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
a(n) = A000010(n) iff n is squarefree (see A005117). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 05 2004
a(n) = abs(A125131(n)). - Tom Edgar, May 26 2014
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^2, where c = Pi^4 / (315 * zeta(3)) = 1/(2*A082695) = 0.25725505075419... - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 14 2020
Dirichlet g.f.: Product_{p prime} 1 / (1 - p^(1-s) + p^(-s)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Feb 27 2022
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-1) * zeta(s) * Product_{primes p} (1 + (p^(1-s) - 2) / (1 - p + p^s)), (with a product that converges for s=2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 11 2023

Definition reedited (from formula) by Daniel Forgues, Nov 17 2009

cp's OEIS Frontend

A268335 Exponentially odd numbers.

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A052410 Write n = m^k with m, k integers, k >= 1, then a(n) is the smallest possible choice for m.

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A052409 a(n) = largest integer power m for which a representation of the form n = k^m exists (for some k).

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A037445 Number of infinitary divisors (or i-divisors) of n.

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A006939 Chernoff sequence: a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} prime(k)^(n-k+1).

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