keyword:hard - cp's OEIS frontend

A000112 Number of partially ordered sets ("posets") with n unlabeled elements.

1, 1, 2, 5, 16, 63, 318, 2045, 16999, 183231, 2567284, 46749427, 1104891746, 33823827452, 1338193159771, 68275077901156, 4483130665195087

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Also number of fixed effects ANOVA models with n factors, which may be both crossed and nested.

			R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 1, Chap. 3, page 98, Fig. 3-1 (or 2nd. ed., Fig. 3.1, p. 243) shows the unlabeled posets with <= 4 points.
From _Gus Wiseman_, Aug 14 2019: (Start)
Also the number of unlabeled T_0 topologies with n points. For example, non-isomorphic representatives of the a(4) = 16 topologies are:
  {}{1}{12}{123}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{12}{123}{1234}
  {}{1}{12}{13}{123}{1234}
  {}{1}{12}{123}{124}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{12}{13}{123}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{12}{123}{124}{1234}
  {}{1}{12}{13}{123}{124}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{12}{13}{123}{124}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{12}{13}{123}{134}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{3}{12}{13}{23}{123}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{12}{13}{24}{123}{124}{1234}
  {}{1}{12}{13}{14}{123}{124}{134}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{3}{12}{13}{23}{123}{124}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{12}{13}{14}{123}{124}{134}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{3}{12}{13}{14}{23}{123}{124}{134}{1234}
  {}{1}{2}{3}{4}{12}{13}{14}{23}{24}{34}{123}{124}{134}{234}{1234}
(End)

G. Birkhoff, Lattice Theory, 1961, p. 4.
L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 60.
E. D. Cooper, Representation and generation of finite partially ordered sets, Manuscript, no date.
J. L. Davison, Asymptotic enumeration of partial orders. Proceedings of the seventeenth Southeastern international conference on combinatorics, graph theory, and computing (Boca Raton, Fla., 1986). Congr. Numer. 53 (1986), 277--286. MR0885256 (88c:06001)
E. N. Gilbert, A catalog of partially ordered systems, unpublished memorandum, Aug 08, 1961.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 1, Chap. 3, pages 96ff; Vol. I, 2nd. ed., Chap. 3, pp. 241ff; Vol. 2, Problem 5.39, p. 88.
For further references concerning the enumeration of topologies and posets see under A001035.

David Wasserman, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..16
R. Bayon, N. Lygeros, and J.-S. Sereni, New progress in enumeration of mixed models, Applied Mathematics E-Notes, 5 (2005), 60-65.
R. Bayon, N. Lygeros, and J.-S. Sereni, Nouveaux progrès dans l'énumération des modèles mixtes, in Knowledge discovery and discrete mathematics: JIM'2003, INRIA, Université de Metz, France, 2003, pp. 243-246.
Gunnar Brinkmann and Brendan D. McKay, Counting unlabeled topologies and transitive relations.
G. Brinkmann and B. D. McKay, Counting unlabeled topologies and transitive relations, J. Integer Sequences, Volume 8, 2005.
G. Brinkmann and B. D. McKay, Posets on up to 16 Points [On Brendan McKay's home page]
G. Brinkmann and B. D. McKay, Posets on up to 16 Points, Order 19 (2) (2002) 147-179.
Kim Ki-Hang Butler, The number of partially ordered sets, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 13.3 (1972): 276-289.
K. K.-H. Butler and G. Markowsky, Enumeration of finite topologies, Proc. 4th S-E Conf. Combin., Graph Theory, Computing, Congress. Numer. 8 (1973), 169-184
K. K.-H. Butler and G. Markowsky, Enumeration of finite topologies, Proc. 4th S-E Conf. Combin., Graph Theory, Computing, Congress. Numer. 8 (1973), 169-184. [Annotated scan of pages 180 and 183 only]
Kim Ki-Hang Butler and Gaoacs Markowsky. The number of partially ordered sets. II., J. Korean Math. Soc 11 (1974): 7-17.
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
C. Chaunier, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 22 1993, with several attachments
C. Chaunier and N. Lygeros, The Number of Orders with Thirteen Elements, Order 9:3 (1992) 203-204. [See Chaunier letter]
C. Chaunier and N. Lygeros, Le nombre de posets à isomorphie près ayant 12 éléments Theoretical Computer Science, 123 p. 89-94, 1994.
C. Chaunier and N. Lygeros, Progrès dans l'énumération des posets, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 314 série I (1992) 691-694. [See Chaunier letter]
E. D. Cooper, Representation and generation of finite partially ordered sets, Manuscript, no date [Annotated scanned copy]
Gábor Czédli, Minimum-sized generating sets of the direct powers of free distributive lattices, arXiv:2309.13783 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 14. See also CUBO, A Mathematical Journal, Vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 217-237, August 2024.
M. Erné and K. Stege, The number of partially ordered (labeled) sets, Preprint, 1989. (Annotated scanned copy)
Uli Fahrenberg, Christian Johansen, Georg Struth, and Ratan Bahadur Thapa, Generating Posets Beyond N, arXiv:1910.06162 [cs.FL], 2019.
S. R. Finch, Transitive relations, topologies and partial orders, June 5, 2003. [Cached copy, with permission of the author]
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, Posets
R. Fraisse and N. Lygeros, Petits posets: dénombrement, représentabilité par cercles et compenseurs C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 313, I, 417-420, 1991.
E. N. Gilbert, A catalog of partially ordered systems, unpublished memorandum, Aug 08, 1961. [Annotated scanned copy]
G. Grekos, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 31 1994, with attachments
M. Guay-Paquet, A modular relation for the chromatic symmetric functions of (3+1)-free posets, arXiv preprint arXiv:1306.2400 [math.CO], 2013.
Ann Marie Hess, Mixed Models Site
C. Joslyn, E. Hogan, and A. Pogel, Conjugacy and Iteration of Standard Interval Rank in Finite Ordered Sets, arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.6684 [math.CO], 2014.
Dongseok Kim, Young Soo Kwon, and Jaeun Lee, Enumerations of finite topologies associated with a finite graph, arXiv preprint arXiv:1206.0550 [math.CO], 2012.
D. J. Kleitman and B. L. Rothschild, Asymptotic enumeration of partial orders on a finite set, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 205 (1975) 205-220.
N. Lygeros, Calculs exhaustifs sur les posets d'au plus 7 éléments, SINGULARITE, vol. 2 n4 p. 10-24, avril 1991.
N. Lygeros and P. Zimmermann, Computation of P(14), the number of posets with 14 elements: 1.338.193.159.771
G. Pfeiffer, Counting Transitive Relations, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 7 (2004), Article 04.3.2.
Bob Proctor, Chapel Hill Poset Atlas
D. Rusin, Further information and references [Broken link]
D. Rusin, Further information and references [Cached copy]
Henry Sharp, Jr., Quasi-orderings and topologies on finite sets, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 17.6 (1966): 1344-1349. [Annotated scanned copy]
N. J. A. Sloane, List of sequences related to partial orders, circa 1972
N. J. A. Sloane, Classic Sequences
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 4, Part 10 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Szilárd Szalay, The classification of multipartite quantum correlation, arXiv:1806.04392 [quant-ph], 2018.
N. L. White, Two letters to N. J. A. Sloane, 1970, with hand-drawn enclosure
J. A. Wright, There are 718 6-point topologies, quasiorderings and transgraphs, Preprint, 1970 [Annotated scanned copy]
J. A. Wright, Two related abstracts, 1970 and 1972 [Annotated scanned copies]
J. A. Wright, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 06 1972, listing 18 sequences
Stav Zalel, Covariant Growth Dynamics, arXiv:2302.10582 [gr-qc], 2023.
Index entries for sequences related to posets
Index entries for "core" sequences

Cf. A000798 (labeled topologies), A001035 (labeled posets), A001930 (unlabeled topologies), A006057.
Cf. A079263, A079265, A065066 (refined by maximal elements), A342447 (refined by number of arcs).
Row sums of A263859. Euler transform of A000608.
Cf. A316978, A319559, A326939, A326943, A326944, A326947.

a(15)-a(16) are from Brinkmann's and McKay's paper. - Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 04 2006

A007749 Numbers k such that k!! - 1 is prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 4, 6, 8, 16, 26, 64, 82, 90, 118, 194, 214, 728, 842, 888, 2328, 3326, 6404, 8670, 9682, 27056, 44318, 76190, 100654, 145706

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

a(n) is even for n>1. a(n) = 2*A091415(n-1) for n>1, where A091415(n) = {2, 3, 4, 8, 13, 32, 41, 45, 59, 97, 107, 364, 421, 444, 1164, 1738, 3202, 4335, 4841, ...} (numbers k such that k!*2^k - 1 is prime). Corresponding primes of the form k!!-1 are listed in A117141 = {2, 7, 47, 383, 10321919, 51011754393599, ...}. - Alexander Adamchuk, Nov 19 2006

The PFGW program has been used to certify all the terms up to a(25), using a deterministic test which exploits the factorization of a(n) + 1. - Giovanni Resta, Apr 22 2016

The Top Ten (a Catalogue of Primal Configurations) from the unpublished collections of R. Ondrejka, assisted by C. Caldwell and H. Dubner, March 11, 2000, Page 61.

Ken Davis, Status of Search for Multifactorial Primes.
Ken Davis, Results for n!2-1.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Fascinating Factorials, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 16, 411-442.
Rudolf Ondrejka, The Top Ten: a Catalogue of Primal Configurations
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Double Factorial Prime
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Integer Sequence Primes
Index entries for sequences related to factorial numbers

Cf. A006882.

Cf. A091415 (n such that n!*2^n - 1 is prime), A117141 (primes of the form n!! - 1).

select(t -> isprime(doublefactorial(t)-1), [3, seq(n,n=4..3000,2)]); # Robert Israel, Apr 21 2016

a(1) = 3, for n>1 k=2;f=2;Do[k=k+2;f=f*k;If[PrimeQ[f-1],Print[k]],{n,2,5000}] (* Alexander Adamchuk, Nov 19 2006 *)
Select[Range[45000],PrimeQ[#!!-1]&] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 07 2013 *)

print1(3);for(n=2, 1e3, if(ispseudoprime(n!<Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 16 2011

a(n) = 2*A091415(n-1) for n>1. - Alexander Adamchuk, Nov 19 2006

Entry updated by Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 18 2000
Corrected and extended by Herman Jamke (hermanjamke(AT)fastmail.fm), Jan 03 2008
a(23)-a(24) from Sou Fukui, Jun 05 2015
a(25) from Sou Fukui, Apr 21 2016

A051185 Number of intersecting families of an n-element set. Also number of n-variable clique Boolean functions.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 6, 40, 1376, 1314816, 912818962432, 291201248266450683035648, 14704022144627161780744368338695925293142507520, 12553242487940503914363982718112298267975272720808010757809032705650591023015520462677475328

Offset: 1

Vladeta Jovovic, Goran Kilibarda

Also the number of n-ary Boolean polymorphisms of the binary Boolean relation OR, namely the Boolean functions f(x1,...,xn) with the property that (x1 or y1) and ... and (xn or yn) implies f(x1,...,xn) or f(y1,...,yn). - Don Knuth, Dec 04 2019
These values are necessarily divisible by powers of 2. The sequence of exponents begins 1, 1, 3, 5, 12, 22, 49, 93, ... , 2^(n-1)-C(n-1,floor(n/2)-1), ... (cf. A191391). - Andries E. Brouwer, Aug 07 2012
a(1) = 2^1.
a(2) = 6 = 2^1 * 3
a(3) = 2^3 * 5.
a(4) = 2^5 * 43.
a(5) = 2^12 * 3 * 107.
a(6) = 2^22 * 13 * 16741.
a(7) = 2^49 * 2111 * 245039,
a(8) = 2^93 * 3^2 * 5 * 7211 * 76697 * 59656829,
a(9) = 2^200 * 1823 * 2063 * 576967 * 3600144350906020591.
An intersecting family is a collection of subsets of {1,2,...,n} such that the intersection of every subset with itself or with any other subset in the family is nonempty. The maximum number of subsets in an intersecting family is 2^(n-1). - Geoffrey Critzer, Aug 16 2013

			a(2) = 6 because we have: {}, {{1}}, {{2}}, {{1, 2}}, {{1}, {1, 2}}, {{2}, {1, 2}}. - _Geoffrey Critzer_, Aug 16 2013

V. Jovovic, G. Kilibarda, On the number of Boolean functions in the Post classes F^{mu}_8, Diskretnaya Matematika, 11 (1999), no. 4, 127-138 (translated in Discrete Mathematics and Applications, 9, (1999), no. 6).
Pogosyan G., Miyakawa M., A. Nozaki, Rosenberg I., The Number of Clique Boolean Functions, IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, Vol. E80-A, No. 8, pp. 1502-1507, 1997/8.

Grant Pogosyan, Miyakawa Masahiro, Akihiro Nozaki, Number of Clique Boolean Functions, 1988.
Index entries for sequences related to Boolean functions

Cf. A036239, A051180-A051184.

Table[Length[
  Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[1, n]]],
   Apply[And,
     Flatten[Table[
       Table[Intersection[#[[i]], #[[j]]] != {}, {i, 1,
Length[#]}], {j, 1, Length[#]}]]] &]], {n, 1, 4}] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Aug 16 2013 *)

a(8)-a(9) by Andries E. Brouwer, Aug 07 2012, Dec 11 2012

A084438 Positive integers k such that k!!! - 1 = A007661(k) - 1 is prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 4, 6, 8, 20, 26, 36, 50, 60, 114, 135, 138, 248, 315, 351, 429, 642, 5505, 8793, 12086, 13580, 23109, 34626, 34706, 56282, 57675, 58298

Offset: 1

Hugo Pfoertner, Jun 25 2003

The search for multifactorial primes started by Ray Ballinger is now continued by a team of volunteers on the website of Ken Davis (see link).

			a(4) = 8 since 8!!! - 1 = 8*5*2 - 1 = 79 is the 4th prime of that form.
26!!! - 1 = 2504902399 is prime.

Ken Davis, Status of Search for Multifactorial Primes.
Ken Davis, Results for n!3-1.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Fascinating Factorials, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 16, 411-442.
ProthSearch.net (on web.archive.org), n3minus.txt.

Cf. A007661, A135726, A037082, A037083.

multiFactorial[n_, k_] := If[n < 1, 1, n * multiFactorial[n - k, k]];
Select[Range[0, 1000], PrimeQ[multiFactorial[#, 3] - 1] & ] (* Robert Price, Apr 19 2019 *)
Select[Range[650], PrimeQ[Times @@ Range[#, 1, -3] - 1] &] (* The program generates the first 17 terms of the sequence. To generate more, change the Range constant but the program may take a long time to run. *) (* Harvey P. Dale, May 22 2021 *)

A007661(n) = prod(i=1,(n-1)\3,n-=3,n+!n)
for(n=1,999,if(isprime(A007661(n)-1),print1(n","))) \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 26 2007

Missing 26 inserted by M. F. Hasler, Nov 26 2007
More terms from Herman Jamke (hermanjamke(AT)fastmail.fm), Jan 03 2008
Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 11 2009 at the suggestion of M. F. Hasler

A002966 Egyptian fractions: number of solutions of 1 = 1/x_1 + ... + 1/x_n where 0 < x_1 <= ... <= x_n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 14, 147, 3462, 294314, 159330691

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v

All denominators in the expansion 1 = 1/x_1 + ... + 1/x_n are bounded by A000058(n-1), i.e., 0 < x_1 <= ... <= x_n < A000058(n-1). Furthermore, for a fixed n, x_i <= (n+1-i)*(A000058(i-1)-1). - Max Alekseyev, Oct 11 2012
From R. J. Mathar, May 06 2010: (Start)
This is the leading edge of the triangle A156869. This is also the row n=1 of an array T(n,m) which gives the number of ways to write 1/n as a sum over m (not necessarily distinct) unit fractions:
   1, 1,  3,  14,   147,   3462, 294314, ...
   1, 2, 10, 108,  2892, 270332, ...
   1, 2, 21, 339, 17253, ...
   1, 3, 28, 694, 51323, ...
   ...
T(.,2) = A018892. T(.,3) = A004194. T(.,4) = A020327, T(.,5) = A020328. T(2,6) is computed by D. S. McNeil, who conjectures that the 2nd row is A003167. (End)
If on the other hand, all x_k must be unique, see A006585. - Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 17 2013

			For n=3 the 3 solutions are {2,3,6}, {2,4,4}, {3,3,3}.
For n=4 the solutions are: {2,3,7,42}, {2,3,8,24}, {2,3,9,18}, {2,3,10,15}, {2,3,12,12}, {2,4,5,20}, {2,4,6,12}, {2,4,8,8}, {2,5,5,10}, {2,6,6,6}, {3,3,4,12}, {3,3,6,6}, {3,4,4,6}, {4,4,4,4}. [Neven Juric, May 14 2008]

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, D11.
D. Singmaster, The number of representations of one as a sum of unit fractions, unpublished manuscript, 1972.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Matthew Brendan Crawford, On the Number of Representations of One as the Sum of Unit Fractions, Master's Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2019).
Yuya Dan, Representation of one as the sum of unit fractions, International Mathematical Forum 6:1 (2011), pp. 25-30.
Jacques Le Normand, C++ code for a(8) [Broken link]
Jacques Le Normand, C++ code for a(8) [Cached copy]
Joel Louwsma, On solutions of Sum_{i=1..n} 1/x_i = 1 in integers of the form 2^a*k^b, where k is a fixed odd positive integer, arXiv:2402.09515 [math.NT], 2024.
David Singmaster, The number of representations of one as a sum of unit fractions, Unpublished M.S., 1972
R. G. Wilson, v, Fax to N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 9, 1994, with copy of Scientific American column by Ian Stewart
Index entries for sequences related to Egyptian fractions

Cf. A002967, A006585, A000058, A348625.

a(n,rem=1,mn=1)=if(n==1,return(numerator(rem)==1)); sum(k=max(1\rem+1,mn), n\rem, a(n-1,rem-1/k,k)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 04 2015

a(n) <= binomial(A007018(n), n-1). - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 29 2024

a(7) from Jud McCranie, Nov 15 1999. Confirmed by Marc Paulhus.

a(8) from John Dethridge (jcd(AT)ms.unimelb.edu.au) and Jacques Le Normand (jacqueslen(AT)sympatico.ca), Jan 06 2004

A011541 Taxicab, taxi-cab or Hardy-Ramanujan numbers: the smallest number that is the sum of 2 positive integral cubes in n ways.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1729, 87539319, 6963472309248, 48988659276962496, 24153319581254312065344

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v

The sequence is infinite: Fermat proved that numbers expressible as a sum of two positive integral cubes in n different ways exist for any n. Hardy and Wright give a proof in Theorem 412 of An Introduction of Theory of Numbers, pp. 333-334 (fifth edition), pp. 442-443 (sixth edition).
A001235 gives another definition of "taxicab numbers".
David W. Wilson reports a(6) <= 8230545258248091551205888. [But see next line!]
Randall L Rathbun has shown that a(6) <= 24153319581254312065344.
C. S. Calude, E. Calude and M. J. Dinneen, What is the value of Taxicab(6)?, 2003, show that with high probability, a(6) = 24153319581254312065344.
When negative cubes are allowed, such terms are called "Cabtaxi" numbers, cf. Boyer's web page, Wikipedia or MathWorld. - M. F. Hasler, Feb 05 2013
a(7) <= 24885189317885898975235988544. - Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 18 2012
a(8) <= 50974398750539071400590819921724352 = 58360453256^3 + 370298338396^3 = 7467391974^3 + 370779904362^3 = 39304147071^3 + 370633638081^3 = 109276817387^3 + 367589585749^3 = 208029158236^3 + 347524579016^3 = 224376246192^3 + 341075727804^3 = 234604829494^3 + 336379942682^3 = 288873662876^3 + 299512063576^3. - PoChi Su, May 16 2013
a(9) <= 136897813798023990395783317207361432493888. - PoChi Su, May 17 2013
From PoChi Su, Oct 09 2014: (Start)
The preceding bounds are not the best that are presently known.
An upper bound for a(22) was given by C. Boyer (see the C. Boyer link), namely
BTa(22)= 2^12 *3^9 * 5^9 *7^4 *11^3 *13^6 *17^3 *19^3 *31^4 *37^4 *43 *61^3 *73 *79^3 *97^3 *103^3 *109^3 *127^3 *139^3 *157 *181^3 *197^3 *397^3 *457^3 *503^3 *521^3 *607^3 *4261^3.
We also know that (97*491)^3*BTa(22) is an upper bound on a(23), corresponding to the sum x^3+y^3 with
x=2^5 *3^4 *5^3 *7 *11 *13^2 *17 *19^2 *31 *37 *61 *79 *103 *109 *127 *139 *181 *197 *397 *457 *503 *521 *607 *4261 *11836681,
y=2^4 *3^3 *5^3 *7 *11 *13^2 *17 *19 *31 *37 *61 *79 *89 *103 *109 *127 *139 *181 *197 *397 * 457 *503 * 521 *607 *4261 *81929041.
(End)
Conjecture: the number of distinct prime factors of a(n) is strictly increasing as n grows (this is not true if a(7) is equal to the upper bound given above), but never exceeds 2*n. - Sergey Pavlov, Mar 01 2017

			From _Zak Seidov_, Mar 22 2013: (Start)
Values of {b,c}, a(n) = b^3 + c^3:
n = 1: {1,1}
n = 2: {1, 12}, {9, 10}
n = 3: {167, 436}, {228, 423}, {255, 414}
n = 4: {2421, 19083}, {5436, 18948}, {10200, 18072}, {13322, 16630}
n = 5: {38787, 365757}, {107839, 362753}, {205292, 342952}, {221424, 336588}, {231518, 331954}
n = 6: {582162, 28906206}, {3064173, 28894803}, {8519281, 28657487}, {16218068, 27093208}, {17492496, 26590452}, {18289922, 26224366}. (End)

C. Boyer, "Les nombres Taxicabs", in Dossier Pour La Science, pp. 26-28, Volume 59 (Jeux math') April/June 2008 Paris.
R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, D1.
G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, pp. 333-334 (fifth edition), pp. 442-443 (sixth edition), see Theorem 412.
D. Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, 165 and 189.

D. J. Bernstein, Enumerating solutions to p(a) + q(b) = r(c) + s(d)
Christian Boyer, New upper bounds on Taxicab and Cabtaxi numbers
Christian Boyer, New upper bounds for Taxicab and Cabtaxi numbers, JIS 11 (2008) 08.1.6.
"Durango" Bill Butler, Durango Bill's Ramanujan Numbers and The Taxicab Problem
Cristian S. Calude, Elena Calude and Michael J. Dinneen, What is the value of Taxicab(6)?
Cristian S. Calude, Elena Calude and Michael J. Dinneen, What is the value of Taxicab(6)?, J. Universal Computer Science, 9 (2003), 1196-1203.
Pavel Emelyanov, On Hunting for Taxicab Numbers, arXiv:0802.1147 [math.NT], 2008.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, On Some Special Numbers, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 22, 527-565.
U. Hollerbach, The sixth taxicab number is 24153319581254312065344, posting to the NMBRTHRY mailing list, Mar 09 2008.
Bernd C. Kellner, On primary Carmichael numbers, Integers 22 (2022), Article #A38, 39 pp.; arXiv:1902.11283 [math.NT], 2019.
Dave McKee, Taxicab numbers, Apr 24 2001.
Jean-Charles Meyrignac, The Taxicab Problem
Ken Ono and Sarah Trebat-Leder, The 1729 K3 surface, arXiv:1510.00735 [math.NT], 2015.
Ivars Peterson, Math Trek, Taxicab Numbers
Randall L. Rathbun, Sixth Taxicab Number?, posting to the NMBRTHRY mailing list, Jul 16 2002.
Walter Schneider, Taxicab Numbers
Joseph H. Silverman, Taxicabs and Sums of Two Cubes, American Mathematical Monthly, Volume 100, Issue 4 (Apr., 1993), 331-340.
Po-Chi Su, More Upper Bounds on Taxicab and Cabtaxi Numbers, Journal of Integer Sequences, 19 (2016), #16.4.3.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Cubic Number
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Taxicab Number
Wikipedia, Taxicab number
D. W. Wilson, The Fifth Taxicab Number is 48988659276962496, J. Integer Sequences, Vol. 2, 1999, #99.1.9.
D. W. Wilson, Taxicab Numbers (last snapshot available on web.archive.org, as of June 2013).

Cf. A001235, A003826, A023050, A047696, A080642 (cubefree taxicab numbers).

a(n) <= A080642(n) for n > 0, with equality for n = 1, 2 (only?). - Jonathan Sondow, Oct 25 2013

a(n) > 113*n^3 for n > 1 (a trivial bound based on the number of available cubes; 113 < (1 - 2^(-1/3))^(-3)). - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 18 2024

Added a(6), confirmed by Uwe Hollerbach, communicated by Christian Schroeder, Mar 09 2008

A127996 Numbers n such that (21^n - 1)/20 is prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 11, 17, 43, 271, 156217, 328129

Offset: 1

Alexander Adamchuk, Feb 11 2007

Paul Bourdelais, A Generalized Repunit Conjecture
H. Dubner, Generalized repunit primes, Math. Comp., 61 (1993), 927-930.
H. Lifchitz, Mersenne and Fermat primes field
Index to primes in various ranges, form ((k+1)^n-1)/k

Select[Prime[Range[100]],PrimeQ[(21^#-1)/20]&]

is(n)=isprime((21^n-1)/20) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 17 2017

Prime95
```
PRP=1,21,328129,-1,0,0,"20"
```

a(6)=156217 is a probable prime discovered by Paul Bourdelais, Apr 26 2010

a(7)=328129 is a probable prime discovered by Paul Bourdelais, Jun 02 2014

A127997 Numbers n such that (22^n - 1)/21 is prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 5, 79, 101, 359, 857, 4463, 9029, 27823

Offset: 1

Alexander Adamchuk, Feb 11 2007

9029 is a term found by Richard Fischer in 2004. - Alexander Adamchuk, Feb 11 2007

No other terms < 100000. - Robert Price, Feb 25 2012

H. Dubner, Generalized repunit primes, Math. Comp., 61 (1993), 927-930.
H. Lifchitz, Mersenne and Fermat primes field
Index to primes in various ranges, form ((k+1)^n-1)/k

Select[Prime[Range[100]],PrimeQ[(22^#-1)/21]&]

isok(n) = isprime((22^n-1)/21); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 13 2016

More terms from Ryan Propper, Mar 29 2007

27823 from Herman Jamke (hermanjamke(AT)fastmail.fm), Jan 05 2008

A007508 Number of twin prime pairs below 10^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 8, 35, 205, 1224, 8169, 58980, 440312, 3424506, 27412679, 224376048, 1870585220, 15834664872, 135780321665, 1177209242304, 10304195697298, 90948839353159, 808675888577436

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v

"At the present time (2001), Thomas Nicely has reached pi_2(3*10^15) and his value is confirmed by Pascal Sebah who made a new computation from scratch and up to pi_2(5*10^15) [ = 5357875276068] with an independent implementation."
Though the first paper contributed by D. A. Goldston was reported to be flawed, the more recent one (with other coauthors) maintains and substantiates the result. - Lekraj Beedassy, Aug 19 2005
Theorem. While g is even, g > 0, number of primes p < x (x is an integer) such that p' = p + g is also prime, could be written as qpg(x) = qcc(x) - (x - pi(x) - pi(x + g) + 1) where qcc(x) is the number of "common composite numbers" c <= x such that c and c' = c + g both are composite (see Example below; I propose it here as a theorem only not to repeat for so-called "cousin"-primes (p; p+4), "sexy"-primes (p; p+6), etc.). - Sergey Pavlov, Apr 08 2021

			For x = 10, qcc(x) = 4 (since 2 is prime; 4, 6, 8, 10 are even, and no odd 0 < d < 25 such that both d and d' = d + 2 are composite), pi(10) = 4, pi(10 + 2) = 5, but, while v = 2+2 or v = 2-2 would be even, we must add 1; hence, a(1) = qcc(10^1) - (10^1 - pi(10^1) - pi(10^1 + 2) + 1) = 4 - (10 - 4 - 5 + 1) = 2 (trivial). - _Sergey Pavlov_, Apr 08 2021

Paulo Ribenboim, The Book of Prime Number Records. Springer-Verlag, NY, 2nd ed., 1989, p. 202.
Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See p. 195.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Richard P. Brent, Irregularities in the distribution of primes and twin primes, Math. Comp. 29 (1975), 43-56.
C. K. Caldwell, An amazing prime heuristic, Table 1.
C. K. Caldwell, The Prime Glossary, Twin prime conjecture
T. H. Chan, A note on Primes in Short Intervals, arXiv:math/0503441 [math.NT], 2005.
P. Erdős, Some Unsolved Problems, Michigan Math. J., Volume 4, Issue 3 (1957), 291-300.
G. H. Gadiyar & R. Padma, Renormalisation and the density of prime pairs, arXiv:hep-th/9806061, 1998.
G. H. Gadiyar & R. Padma, Ramanujan-Fourier series, the Wiener-Khintchine formula and the distribution of prime pairs, Physica A 269 (1999) 503-510.
D. A. Goldston, J. Pintz & C. Y. Yildirim, Primes in Tuples, I, arXiv:math/0508185 [math.NT], 2005.
D. A. Goldston, J. Pintz & C. Y. Yildirim, Small Gaps Between Primes, II
D. A. Goldston, J. Pintz & C. Y. Yildirim, The Path to Recent Progress on Small Gaps Between Primes, arXiv:math/0512436 [math.NT], 2005-2006.
D. A. Goldston & C. Y. Yildirim, Small Gaps Between Primes, I, arXiv:math/0504336 [math.NT], 2005.
D. A. Goldston & C. Yildirim, Small gaps between consecutive primes
D. A. Goldston et al., Small gaps between primes or almost primes, arXiv:math/0506067 [math.NT], 2005.
D. A. Goldston et al., Small Gaps between Primes Exist, arXiv:math/0505300 [math.NT], 2005.
Xavier Gourdon and Pascal Sebah, Introduction to Twin Primes and Brun's Constant
A. Granville & K. Soundararajan, On the error in Goldston and Yildirim's "Small gaps between consecutive primes"
Gareth A. Jones and Alexander K. Zvonkin, Klein's ten planar dessins of degree 11, and beyond, arXiv:2104.12015 [math.GR], 2021. See p. 24.
P. F. Kelly & F. Pilling, Characterization of the Distribution of Twin Primes, arXiv:math/0103191 [math.NT], 2001.
P. F. Kelly & T. Pilling, Implications of a New Characterization of the Distribution of Twin Primes, arXiv:math/0104205 [math.NT], 2001.
P. F. Kelly & T. Pilling, Discrete Reanalysis of a New Model of the Distribution of Twin Primes, arXiv:math/0106223 [math.NT], 2001.
James Maynard, On the Twin Prime Conjecture, arXiv:1910.14674 [math.NT], 2019, p. 2.
Thomas R. Nicely, First occurrence prime gaps [For local copy see A000101]
Thomas R. Nicely, Enumeration to 10^14 of the twin primes and Brun's constant, Virginia Journal of Science, 46:3 (Fall, 1995), 195-204.
Thomas R. Nicely, Enumeration to 10^14 of the twin primes and Brun's constant [Local copy, pdf only]
Nova Science, Twin Prime Conjecture
Tomás Oliveira e Silva, Tables of values of pi(x) and of pi2(x) [From _M. F. Hasler_, Dec 18 2008]
J. Richstein, Computing the number of twin primes up to 10^14
J. Richstein, Computing the number of twin primes up to 10^14
J. Sondow, J. W. Nicholson, and T. D. Noe, Ramanujan Primes: Bounds, Runs, Twins, and Gaps, arXiv:1105.2249 [math.NT], 2011; J. Integer Seq. 14 (2011) Article 11.6.2.
Jonathan P. Sorenson, Jonathan Webster, Two Algorithms to Find Primes in Patterns, arXiv:1807.08777 [math.NT], 2018.
K. Soundararajan, The distribution of prime numbers, arXiv:math/0606408 [math.NT], 2006.
K. Soundararajan, Small gaps between prime numbers:The work of Goldston-Pintz-Yildirim, arXiv:math/0605696 [math.NT], 2006.
K. Soundararajan, Small gaps between prime numbers:The work of Goldston-Pintz-Yildirim, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 44 (2007), 1-18.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Twin Primes
Eric Weisstein, Mathworld Headline News, Twin Primes Proof Proffered
M. Wolf, Some Remarks on the Distribution of twin Primes, arXiv:math/0105211 [math.NT], 2001.
C. Yildirim & D. Goldston, Small gaps between consecutive primes
Index entries for sequences related to numbers of primes in various ranges

Cf. A001097.
Cf. A173081 and A181678 (number of twin Ramanujan prime pairs below 10^n).
Cf. A152051, A347278, A347279.

ile = 2; Do[Do[If[(PrimeQ[2 n - 1]) && (PrimeQ[2 n + 1]), ile = ile + 1], {n, 5*10^m, 5*10^(m + 1)}]; Print[{m, ile}], {m, 0, 7}] (* Artur Jasinski, Oct 24 2011 *)

a(n)=my(s,p=2);forprime(q=3,10^n,if(q-p==2,s++);p=q);s \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 21 2013

Partial sums of A070076(n). - Lekraj Beedassy, Jun 11 2004
For 1 < n < 19, a(n) ~ e * pi(10^n) / (5*n - 5) = e * A006880(n) / (5*n - 5) where e is Napier's constant, see A001113 (probably, so is for any n > 18; we use n > 1 to avoid division by zero). - Sergey Pavlov, Apr 07 2021
For any n, a(n) = qcc(x) - (10^n - pi(10^n) - pi(10^n + 2) + 1) where qcc(x) is the number of "common composite numbers" c <= 10^n such that c and c' = c + 2 both are composite (trivial). - Sergey Pavlov, Apr 08 2021

pi2(10^15) due to Nicely and Szymanski, contributed by Eric W. Weisstein
pi2(10^16) due to Pascal Sebah, contributed by Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 22 2002
Added a(17)-a(18) computed by Tomás Oliveira e Silva and link to his web site. - M. F. Hasler, Dec 18 2008
Definition corrected by Max Alekseyev, Oct 25 2010
a(16) corrected by Dana Jacobsen, Mar 28 2014

cp's OEIS Frontend

A000112 Number of partially ordered sets ("posets") with n unlabeled elements.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Extensions

A007749 Numbers k such that k!! - 1 is prime.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Formula

Extensions

A051185 Number of intersecting families of an n-element set. Also number of n-variable clique Boolean functions.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

Extensions

A084438 Positive integers k such that k!!! - 1 = A007661(k) - 1 is prime.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

PARI

Extensions

A002966 Egyptian fractions: number of solutions of 1 = 1/x_1 + ... + 1/x_n where 0 < x_1 <= ... <= x_n.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

PARI

Formula

Extensions

A011541 Taxicab, taxi-cab or Hardy-Ramanujan numbers: the smallest number that is the sum of 2 positive integral cubes in n ways.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Formula

Extensions

A127996 Numbers n such that (21^n - 1)/20 is prime.

Views

Author

Keywords

Links

Programs

Mathematica