A002587 -id:A002587 - cp's OEIS frontend

A005420 Largest prime factor of 2^n - 1.

3, 7, 5, 31, 7, 127, 17, 73, 31, 89, 13, 8191, 127, 151, 257, 131071, 73, 524287, 41, 337, 683, 178481, 241, 1801, 8191, 262657, 127, 2089, 331, 2147483647, 65537, 599479, 131071, 122921, 109, 616318177, 524287, 121369, 61681, 164511353, 5419

Offset: 2

N. J. A. Sloane

nonn

			2^6 - 1 = 63 = 3*21 = 9*7, so a(6) = 7.

J. Brillhart et al., Factorizations of b^n +- 1. Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 22, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2nd edition, 1985; and later supplements.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Charles R Greathouse IV and Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..1206 (terms up to 500 from T. D. Noe, terms 501..1000 from Charles R Greathouse IV, terms 1001..1206 from Amiram Eldar)
J. Brillhart et al., Factorizations of b^n +- 1, Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 22, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 3rd edition, 2002.
factordb.com, Status of 2^1207-1. The factorization of the composite factor C337 of 2^1207-1 with 337 decimal digits is considered by many to be the most desired open factorization problem.
R. K. Guy, Letter to G. B. Huff & N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 1974
S. S. Wagstaff, Jr., The Cunningham Project
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Mersenne Number

Cf. A000043, A000225, A006530, A002326, A002587.
Cf. similar sequences listed in A274906.
Cf. A337431 (a(n)=a(2n)), A359063 (a(n)=a(2n)=a(4n)), A359088.

[Maximum(PrimeDivisors(2^n-1)): n in [2..45]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 13 2016

a[n_] := a[n] = FactorInteger[2^n-1] // Last // First; Table[Print[{n, a[n]}, If[2^n-1 == a[n], " Mersenne prime", " "]]; a[n], {n, 2, 127}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 11 2012 *)
Table[FactorInteger[2^n - 1][[-1, 1]], {n, 2, 40}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 13 2016 *)

for(n=2,44, v=factor(2^n-1)[,1]; print1(v[#v]", "));

a(n) = vecmax(factor(2^n-1)[,1]); \\ Michel Marcus, Dec 15 2022

a(n) = a(2n) iff a(n) > A002587(n). See A337431. - Thomas Ordowski, Jan 07 2014
a(n) = A006530(A000225(n)). - Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 13 2016
a(n) = 2^n-1 = A000225(n) iff n is a Mersenne exponent (A000043). - Bernard Schott, Dec 11 2022

Description corrected by Michael Somos, Feb 24 2002
More terms from Rick L. Shepherd, Aug 22 2002
Incorrect comments removed by Michel Marcus, Dec 15 2022

A054992 Number of prime factors of 2^n + 1 (counted with multiplicity).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4, 2, 2, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 2, 3, 6, 2, 2, 5, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4, 4, 2, 3, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 3, 3, 3, 7, 6, 3, 3, 6, 6, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 2, 5, 7, 2, 6, 6, 3, 4, 5, 7, 3, 5, 3, 5, 7, 4, 6, 10, 2, 3, 10, 5, 6, 5, 4, 5, 5, 4, 4, 11, 6, 2, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 6, 9, 6, 2, 9, 3

Offset: 1

Arne Ring (arne.ring(AT)epost.de), May 30 2000

nonn

The length of row n in A001269.

			a(3) = 2 because 2^3 + 1 = 9 = 3*3.

Max Alekseyev, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1128
S. S. Wagstaff, Jr., The Cunningham Project

bigomega(b^n+1): A057934 (b=10), A057935 (b=9), A057936 (b=8), A057937 (b=7), A057938 (b=6), A057939 (b=5), A057940 (b=4), A057941 (b=3), this sequence (b=2).
Cf. A000051, A002586, A002587, A003260, A001222, A001269, A001348, A054988, A054989, A054990, A054991, A000978.
Cf. A046051 (number of prime factors of 2^n-1).
Cf. A086257 (number of primitive prime factors).

a[n_] := Module[{x=FactorInteger[2^n+1]}, Sum[x[[i]][[2]], {i, Length[x]}]]
A054992[n_Integer] := PrimeOmega[2^n + 1]; Table[A054992[n], {n,103}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jul 22 2011 *)

a(n)=bigomega(2^n+1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 29 2015

a(n) = A046051(2n) - A046051(n). - T. D. Noe, Jun 18 2003

a(n) = A001222(A000051(n)). - Amiram Eldar, Oct 04 2019

Extended by Patrick De Geest, Oct 01 2000
Terms to a(500) in b-file from T. D. Noe, Nov 10 2007
Deleted duplicate (and broken) Wagstaff link. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 18 2019
a(500)-a(1062) in b-file from Amiram Eldar, Oct 04 2019
a(1063)-a(1128) in b-file from Max Alekseyev, Jul 15 2023, Mar 15 2025

A046798 Number of divisors of 2^n + 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 8, 6, 4, 4, 4, 8, 12, 2, 4, 16, 4, 4, 12, 8, 4, 8, 16, 16, 20, 4, 8, 48, 4, 4, 24, 16, 32, 16, 8, 16, 12, 4, 8, 64, 4, 8, 64, 32, 8, 8, 8, 64, 48, 8, 8, 64, 48, 8, 24, 8, 16, 16, 4, 32, 64, 4, 64, 64, 8, 12, 24, 96, 8, 32, 8, 32, 96, 16, 64, 768, 4, 8, 192, 32, 64

Offset: 0

Labos Elemer

nonn

a(n) is odd iff n = 3, as a consequence of the Catalan-Mihăilescu theorem. - Bernard Schott, Oct 05 2021

			a(7)=4, because 2^7 + 1 = 129 has 4 divisors.

Max Alekseyev, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1128 (terms 0..500 from T. D. Noe, terms 501..1062 from Amiram Eldar, term 1108 from Tyler Busby)
Wikipedia, Catalan's conjecture.

Cf. A000005, A000051, A002587, A002589, A046801, A054992, A057957, A059886, A274906, A344897.

[NumberOfDivisors(2^n+1): n in [0..100]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 05 2018

a:= n-> numtheory[tau](2^n+1):
seq(a(n), n=0..100);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 23 2021

A046798[n_IntegerQ]:=DivisorSigma[0,1+2^n]; (* Enrique Pérez Herrero, Nov 09 2010 *)
DivisorSigma[0, 1 + 2^#] & /@ Range[0, 83] (* Jayanta Basu, Jun 29 2013 *)
Table[DivisorSigma[0, 2^n + 1], {n, 0, 100}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 05 2018 *)

a(n) = numdiv(2^n+1); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 18 2017

from sympy.ntheory import divisor_count
def A046798(n): return divisor_count(2**n + 1) # Indranil Ghosh, Mar 18 2017

a(n) = A000005(A000051(n)). - Michel Marcus, Mar 18 2017

A074476 Largest prime factor of 3^n + 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 2, 5, 7, 41, 61, 73, 547, 193, 37, 1181, 661, 6481, 398581, 16493, 271, 21523361, 1021, 530713, 101917, 42521761, 2269, 570461, 23535794707, 769, 22996651, 4795973261, 19927, 647753, 5385997, 47763361, 22434744889, 926510094425921

Offset: 0

Rick L. Shepherd, Aug 23 2002

nonn

Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..691
S. S. Wagstaff, Jr., The Cunningham Project

Cf. A006530, A034472, A074477 (largest prime factor of 3^n - 1), A002587 (largest prime factor of 2^n + 1), A074478 (largest prime factor of 5^n + 1).

[Maximum(PrimeDivisors(3^n+1)): n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 23 2013

Table[FactorInteger[3^n + 1][[-1, 1]], {n, 0, 40}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 23 2013 *)

for(n=0,35, v=factor(3^n+1); print1(v[matsize(v)[1],1],","))

a(n) = A006530(A034472(n)). - Amiram Eldar, Feb 01 2020

Terms to a(100) in b-file from Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 23 2013
a(101)-a(658) in b-file from Amiram Eldar, Feb 01 2020
a(659)-a(691) in b-file from Max Alekseyev, Apr 25 2022, Jul 25 2023

A274903 Largest prime factor of 4^n + 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 5, 17, 13, 257, 41, 241, 113, 65537, 109, 61681, 2113, 673, 1613, 15790321, 1321, 6700417, 26317, 38737, 525313, 4278255361, 14449, 2931542417, 30269, 22253377, 268501, 308761441, 279073, 54410972897, 536903681, 4562284561, 384773, 67280421310721

Offset: 0

Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 11 2016

nonn

			4^3 + 1 = 65 = 5*13, so a(3) = 13.

Max Alekseyev, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..583
J. Brillhart et al., Factorizations of b^n +- 1, Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 22, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 3rd edition, 2002.

Cf. largest prime factor of k^n+1: A002587 (k=2), A074476 (k=3), this sequence (k=4), A074478 (k=5), A274904 (k=6), A227575 (k=7), A274905 (k=8), A002592 (k=9), A003021 (k=10), A062308 (k=11).

Cf. A006530, A052539.

[Maximum(PrimeDivisors(4^n+1)): n in [0..35]];

Table[FactorInteger[4^n + 1][[-1, 1]], {n, 0, 30}]

a(n)=my(f=factor(4^n+1)[,1]); f[#f] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 12 2016

a(n) = A006530(A052539(n)). - Michel Marcus, Jul 11 2016
a(2n) = A002590(n). a(2n+1) = A229747(n). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 28 2018
a(n) = A002587(2*n). - Amiram Eldar, Feb 01 2020

Terms to a(100) in b-file from  Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 12 2016
a(101)-a(531) in b-file from Amiram Eldar, Feb 01 2020
a(532)-a(583) in b-file from Max Alekseyev, Apr 25 2022, Mar 15 2025

A002586 Smallest prime factor of 2^n + 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 257, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 65537, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 97, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 641, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 257, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 193, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 257, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 274177, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 97, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3, 65537, 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Conjecture: a(8+48*k) = 257 and a(40+48*k) = 257, where k is a nonnegative integer. - Thomas König, Feb 15 2017
Conjecture is true: 257 divides 2^(8+48*k)+1 and 2^(40+48*k)+1 but no prime < 257 ever does. Similarly, a(24+48*k) = 97. - Robert Israel, Feb 17 2017
From Robert Israel, Feb 17 2017: (Start)
If a(n) = p, there is some m such that a(n+m*j*n) = p for all j.
In particular, every member of the sequence occurs infinitely often.
a(k*n) <= a(n) for any odd k. (End)

			a(2^k) = 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537 is the k-th Fermat prime 2^(2^k) + 1 = A019434(k) for k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. - _Jonathan Sondow_, Nov 28 2012

J. Brillhart et al., Factorizations of b^n +- 1. Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 22, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2nd edition, 1985; and later supplements.
M. Kraitchik, Recherches sur la Théorie des Nombres, Gauthiers-Villars, Paris, Vol. 1, 1924, Vol. 2, 1929, see Vol. 2, p. 85.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Max Alekseyev, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..3967 (first 500 terms from T. D. Noe)
J. Brillhart et al., Factorizations of b^n +- 1, Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 22, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 3rd edition, 2002.
Thomas König, C program using gmp for testing the conjectures that a(8+k*48) = 257 and a(40+k*48) = 257
E. Lucas, Théorie des Fonctions Numériques Simplement Périodiques, I", Amer. J. Math., 1 (1878), 184-240, 289-321. See pages 239 and 240.
Edouard Lucas, The Theory of Simply Periodic Numerical Functions, Fibonacci Association, 1969. English translation of article "Théorie des Fonctions Numériques Simplement Périodiques, I", Amer. J. Math., 1 (1878), 184-240.
S. S. Wagstaff, Jr., The Cunningham Project

Cf. A000215, A001269, A002587, A019434, A050922, A093179.

f[n_] := FactorInteger[2^n + 1][[1, 1]]; Array[f, 100] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 28 2012 *)
FactorInteger[#][[1,1]]&/@(2^Range[90]+1) (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 25 2024 *)

a(n) = my(m=n%8); if(m, [3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3][m], factor(2^n+1)[1,1]); \\ Ruud H.G. van Tol, Feb 16 2024

from sympy import primefactors
smallest_primef = []
for n in range(1,87):
    y = (2 ** n) + 1
    smallest_primef.append(min(primefactors(y)))
print(smallest_primef) # Adrienne Leonardo, Dec 29 2024

a(n) = 3, 5, 3, 17, 3, 5, 3 for n == 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (mod 8). (Proof. Let n = k*odd with k = 1, 2, or 4. As 2^k = 2, 4, 16 == -1 (mod 3, 5, 17), we get 2^n + 1 = 2^(k*odd) + 1 = (2^k)^odd + 1 == (-1)^odd + 1 == 0 (mod 3, 5, 17). Finally, 2^n + 1 !== 0 (mod p) for prime p < 3, 5, 17, respectively.) - Jonathan Sondow, Nov 28 2012

More terms from James Sellers, Jul 06 2000

Definition corrected by Jonathan Sondow, Nov 27 2012

A274906 Largest prime factor of 4^n - 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 5, 7, 17, 31, 13, 127, 257, 73, 41, 683, 241, 8191, 127, 331, 65537, 131071, 109, 524287, 61681, 5419, 2113, 2796203, 673, 4051, 8191, 262657, 15790321, 3033169, 1321, 2147483647, 6700417, 599479, 131071, 122921, 38737, 616318177, 525313, 22366891

Offset: 1

Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 11 2016

nonn

			4^7 - 1 = 16383 = 3*43*127, so a(7) = 127

Max Alekseyev, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1128
J. Brillhart et al., Factorizations of b^n +- 1, Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 22, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 3rd edition, 2002.

Second bisection of A005420. - Michel Marcus, Jul 13 2016
Cf. largest prime factor of k^n-1: A005420 (k=2), A074477 (k=3), this sequence (k=4), A074479 (k=5), A274907 (k=6), A074249 (k=7), A274908 (k=8), A274909 (k=9), A005422 (k=10), A274910 (k=11).
Cf. A006530, A024036.

[Maximum(PrimeDivisors(4^n-1)): n in [1..40]];

Table[FactorInteger[4^n - 1][[-1, 1]], {n, 40}]

a(n) = A006530(A024036(n)). - Michel Marcus, Jul 11 2016

a(n) = max(A002587(n),A005420(n)). - Max Alekseyev, Apr 25 2022

Terms to a(100) in b-file from Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 13 2016
a(101)-a(603) in b-file from Amiram Eldar, Feb 08 2020
a(604)-a(1128) in b-file from Max Alekseyev, Jul 25 2023, Mar 15 2025

A069061 Sum of divisors of 2^n+1.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 6, 13, 18, 48, 84, 176, 258, 800, 1302, 2736, 4356, 10928, 20520, 51792, 65538, 174768, 351120, 699056, 1110276, 3100240, 5048232, 11184816, 17041416, 49012992, 82623888, 211053040, 284225796, 727960800, 1494039792, 2863311536, 4301668356, 12611914848, 20788904016

Offset: 1

Benoit Cloitre, Apr 04 2002

nonn

Max Alekseyev, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1128 (terms 1..1062 from Amiram Eldar)

Cf. A000051, A000203, A002185, A002587, A002589, A046798, A046799, A053285, A054992, A057957, A059886, A085029, A086257, A112092, A250291, A274906, A295501.

Row sums of A374237.

DivisorSigma[1, 2^Range[50] + 1] (* Paolo Xausa, Jul 05 2024 *)

a(n) = sigma(2^n+1); \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 24 2013

a(n) = sigma(2^n+1).

a(n) = A000203(A000051(n)). - Michel Marcus, Nov 24 2013

More terms from Amiram Eldar, Oct 04 2019

A053285 Totient of 2^n+1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 16, 20, 48, 84, 256, 324, 800, 1364, 3840, 5460, 12544, 19800, 65536, 87380, 186624, 349524, 986880, 1365336, 3345408, 5592404, 16515072, 20250000, 52306176, 84768120, 252645120, 351847488, 760320000, 1431655764, 4288266240, 5632621632, 13628740608

Offset: 0

Labos Elemer, Mar 03 2000

nonn

			It is a power of 2 iff n is a Fermat prime.

Max Alekseyev, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1128 (terms 0..300 from Robert Israel; terms 301..1062 from Amiram Eldar)

Cf. A000010, A000225, A002587, A000051, A046798, A046799, A049479, A051953, A054992.

[EulerPhi(2^n+1) : n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 12 2015

seq(numtheory:-phi(2^n+1), n=0..50); # Robert Israel, Aug 12 2015

Table[EulerPhi[2^n + 1], {n, 35}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 12 2015 *)

vector(40, n, eulerphi(2^n+1)) \\ Michel Marcus, Aug 12 2015

a(n) = A000010(A000051(n)).

a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Aug 12 2015

A074478 Largest prime factor of 5^n + 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 13, 7, 313, 521, 601, 449, 11489, 5167, 9161, 5281, 390001, 38923, 234750601, 7621, 29423041, 41540861, 6597973, 213029, 632133361, 7603, 1030330938209, 42272797713043, 152587500001, 50150933101, 83181652304609, 16018507

Offset: 0

Rick L. Shepherd, Aug 23 2002

nonn

			5^11 + 1 = 48828126 = 2*3*23*67*5281, so a(11) = 5281.

Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..471
S. S. Wagstaff, Jr., The Cunningham Project

Cf. A002587 (largest prime factor of 2^n + 1), A074479 (largest prime factor of 5^n - 1), A074476 (largest prime factor of 3^n + 1), A227575 (largest prime factor of 7^n + 1).

Cf. A006530, A034474.

[Maximum(PrimeDivisors(5^n+1)): n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 09 2016

Table[FactorInteger[5^n + 1][[-1, 1]], {n, 0, 30}] (* Bruno Berselli, Aug 23 2013 *)

for(n=0,30, v=factor(5^n+1); print1(v[matsize(v)[1],1],","))

a(n) = A006530(A034474(n)). - Michel Marcus, Jul 09 2016

Terms to a(100) in b-file from Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 09 2016
a(101)-a(451) in b-file from Amiram Eldar, Feb 01 2020
a(452)-a(471) in b-file from Max Alekseyev, Apr 25 2022, Jan 04 2024

cp's OEIS Frontend

A005420 Largest prime factor of 2^n - 1.

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A054992 Number of prime factors of 2^n + 1 (counted with multiplicity).

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A046798 Number of divisors of 2^n + 1.

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A074476 Largest prime factor of 3^n + 1.

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A274903 Largest prime factor of 4^n + 1.

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A002586 Smallest prime factor of 2^n + 1.

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