cp's OEIS Frontend

Partitions into distinct parts are sometimes called "strict partitions".

Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).

The result that number of partitions of n into distinct parts = number of partitions of n into odd parts is due to Euler.

Bijection: given n = L1* 1 + L2*3 + L3*5 + L7*7 + ..., a partition into odd parts, write each Li in binary, Li = 2^a1 + 2^a2 + 2^a3 + ... where the aj's are all different, then expand n = (2^a1 * 1 + ...)*1 + ... by removing the brackets and we get a partition into distinct parts. For the reverse operation, just keep splitting any even number into halves until no evens remain.

Euler transform of period 2 sequence [1,0,1,0,...]. - Michael Somos, Dec 16 2002

Number of different partial sums 1+[1,2]+[1,3]+[1,4]+..., where [1,x] indicates a choice. E.g., a(6)=4, as we can write 1+1+1+1+1+1, 1+2+3, 1+2+1+1+1, 1+1+3+1. - Jon Perry, Dec 31 2003

a(n) is the sum of the number of partitions of x_j into at most j parts, where j is the index for the j-th triangular number and n-T(j)=x_j. For example; a(12)=partitions into <= 4 parts of 12-T(4)=2 + partitions into <= 3 parts of 12-T(3)=6 + partitions into <= 2 parts of 12-T(2)=9 + partitions into 1 part of 12-T(1)=11 = (2)(11) + (6)(51)(42)(411)(33)(321)(222) + (9)(81)(72)(63)(54)+(11) = 2+7+5+1 = 15. - Jon Perry, Jan 13 2004

Number of partitions of n where if k is the largest part, all parts 1..k are present. - Jon Perry, Sep 21 2005

Jack Grahl and Franklin T. Adams-Watters prove this claim of Jon Perry's by observing that the Ferrers dual of a "gapless" partition is guaranteed to have distinct parts; since the Ferrers dual is an involution, this establishes a bijection between the two sets of partitions. - Allan C. Wechsler, Sep 28 2021

The number of connected threshold graphs having n edges. - Michael D. Barrus (mbarrus2(AT)uiuc.edu), Jul 12 2007

Starting with offset 1 = row sums of triangle A146061 and the INVERT transform of A000700 starting: (1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -2, 2, -2, 2, -3, 3, -3, 4, -5, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 26 2008

Number of partitions of n in which the largest part occurs an odd number of times and all other parts occur an even number of times. (Such partitions are the duals of the partitions with odd parts.) - David Wasserman, Mar 04 2009

Equals A035363 convolved with A010054. The convolution square of A000009 = A022567 = A000041 convolved with A010054. A000041 = A000009 convolved with A035363. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 11 2009

Considering all partitions of n into distinct parts: there are A140207(n) partitions of maximal size which is A003056(n), and A051162(n) is the greatest number occurring in these partitions. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 13 2009

Equals left border of triangle A091602 starting with offset 1. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 13 2010

Number of symmetric unimodal compositions of n+1 where the maximal part appears once. Also number of symmetric unimodal compositions of n where the maximal part appears an odd number of times. - Joerg Arndt, Jun 11 2013

Because for these partitions the exponents of the parts 1, 2, ... are either 0 or 1 (j^0 meaning that part j is absent) one could call these partitions also 'fermionic partitions'. The parts are the levels, that is the positive integers, and the occupation number is either 0 or 1 (like Pauli's exclusion principle). The 'fermionic states' are denoted by these partitions of n. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 14 2014

The set of partitions containing only odd parts forms a monoid under the product described in comments to A047993. - Richard Locke Peterson, Aug 16 2018

Ewell (1973) gives a number of recurrences. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 14 2020

a(n) equals the number of permutations p of the set {1,2,...,n+1}, written in one line notation as p = p_1p_2...p_(n+1), satisfying p_(i+1) - p_i <= 1 for 1 <= i <= n, (i.e., those permutations that, when read from left to right, never increase by more than 1) whose major index maj(p) := Sum_{p_i > p_(i+1)} i equals n. For example, of the 16 permutations on 5 letters satisfying p_(i+1) - p_i <= 1, 1 <= i <= 4, there are exactly two permutations whose major index is 4, namely, 5 3 4 1 2 and 2 3 4 5 1. Hence a(4) = 2. See the Bala link in A007318 for a proof. - Peter Bala, Mar 30 2022

Conjecture: Each positive integer n can be written as a_1 + ... + a_k, where a_1,...,a_k are strict partition numbers (i.e., terms of the current sequence) with no one dividing another. This has been verified for n = 1..1350. - Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 14 2023

Conjecture: For each integer n > 7, a(n) divides none of p(n), p(n) - 1 and p(n) + 1, where p(n) is the number of partitions of n given by A000041. This has been verified for n up to 10^5. - Zhi-Wei Sun, May 20 2023 [Verified for n <= 2*10^6. - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 23 2023]

The g.f. Product_{k >= 0} 1 + x^k = Product_{k >= 0} 1 - x^k + 2*x^k == Product_{k >= 0} 1 - x^k == Sum_{k in Z} (-1)^k*x^(k*(3*k-1)/2) (mod 2) by Euler's pentagonal number theorem. It follows that a(n) is odd iff n = k*(3*k - 1)/2 for some integer k, i.e., iff n is a generalized pentagonal number A001318. - Peter Bala, Jan 07 2025

When convolved with the partition numbers A000041 gives 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...

Also, number of different partitions of n into parts of -1 different kinds (based upon formal analogy). - Michele Dondi (blazar(AT)lcm.mi.infn.it), Jun 29 2004

The comment that "when convolved with the partition numbers gives [1, 0, 0, 0, ...]" is equivalent to row sums of triangle A145975 = [1, 0, 0, 0, ...]; where A145975 is a partition number convolution triangle. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 25 2008

When convolved with n-th partial sums of A000041 = the binomial sequence starting (1, n, ...). Example: A010815 convolved with A014160 (partial sum operation applied thrice to the partition numbers) = (1, 3, 6, 10, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 11 2008

(A000012^(-n) * A000041) convolved with A010815 = n-th row of the inverse of Pascal's triangle, (as a vector, followed by zeros); where A000012^(-1) = the pairwise difference operator. Example: (A000012^(-4) * A000041) convolved with A010815 = (1, -4, 6, -4, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 11 2008

Also sum of [product of (1-2/(hook lengths)^2)] over all partitions of n. - Wouter Meeussen, Sep 16 2010

Cayley (1895) begins article 387 with "Write for shortness sqrt(2k'K / pi) / [1-q^{2m-1}]^2 = G, ..." which is a convoluted way of writing G = [1-q^{2m}] = (1-q^2)(1-q^4)... - Michael Somos, Aug 01 2011

This is an example of the quintuple product identity in the form f(a*b^4, a^2/b) - (a/b) * f(a^4*b, b^2/a) = f(-a*b, -a^2*b^2) * f(-a/b, -b^2) / f(a, b) where a = x^3, b = x. - Michael Somos, Jan 21 2012

Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).

Number 1 of the 14 primitive eta-products which are holomorphic modular forms of weight 1/2 listed by D. Zagier on page 30 of "The 1-2-3 of Modular Forms". - Michael Somos, May 04 2016

Ramanujan theta functions: f(q) (see A121373), phi(q) (A000122), psi(q) (A010054), chi(q) (A000700).

For n > 0, also the number of partitions of n whose greatest part is even. [Edited by Gus Wiseman, Jan 05 2021]

Number of partitions of n+1 into an odd number of parts, the least being 1.

Also the number of partitions of n such that the number of even parts has the same parity as the number of odd parts; see Comments at A027193. - Clark Kimberling, Feb 01 2014, corrected Jan 06 2021

Suppose that c(0) = 1, that c(1), c(2), ... are indeterminates, that d(0) = 1, and that d(n) = -c(n) - c(n-1)*d(1) - ... - c(0)*d(n-1). When d(n) is expanded as a polynomial in c(1), c(2),..,c(n), the terms are of the form H*c(i_1)*c(i_2)*...*c(i_k). Let P(n) = [c(i_1), c(i_2), ..., c(i_k)], a partition of n. Then H is negative if P has an odd number of parts, and H is positive if P has an even number of parts. That is, d(n) has A027193(n) negative coefficients, A027187(n) positive coefficients, and A000041 terms. The maximal coefficient in d(n), in absolute value, is A102462(n). - Clark Kimberling, Dec 15 2016

Convolved with A036469 = A000070. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 09 2009

Note that these partitions are located in the head of the last section of the set of partitions of n (see A135010). - Omar E. Pol, Nov 20 2009

Number of symmetric unimodal compositions of n+2 where the maximal part appears twice, see example. Also number of symmetric unimodal compositions of n where the maximal part appears an even number of times. - Joerg Arndt, Jun 11 2013

Number of partitions of n having parts of even multiplicity. These are the conjugates of the partitions from the definition. Example: a(8)=5 because we have [4,4],[3,3,1,1],[2,2,2,2],[2,2,1,1,1,1], and [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]. - Emeric Deutsch, Jan 27 2016

From Gus Wiseman, May 22 2021: (Start)

The Heinz numbers of the conjugate partitions described in Emeric Deutsch's comment above are given by A000290.

For n > 1, also the number of integer partitions of n-1 whose only odd part is the smallest. The Heinz numbers of these partitions are given by A341446. For example, the a(2) = 1 through a(14) = 15 partitions (empty columns shown as dots, A..D = 10..13) are:

1 . 3 . 5 . 7 . 9 . B . D

21 41 43 63 65 85

221 61 81 83 A3

421 441 A1 C1

2221 621 443 643

4221 641 661

22221 821 841

4421 A21

6221 4441

42221 6421

222221 8221

44221

62221

422221

2222221

Also the number of integer partitions of n whose greatest part is the sum of all the other parts. The Heinz numbers of these partitions are given by A344415. For example, the a(2) = 1 through a(12) = 11 partitions (empty columns not shown) are:

(11) (22) (33) (44) (55) (66)

(211) (321) (422) (532) (633)

(3111) (431) (541) (642)

(4211) (5221) (651)

(41111) (5311) (6222)

(52111) (6321)

(511111) (6411)

(62211)

(63111)

(621111)

(6111111)

Also the number of integer partitions of n of length n/2. The Heinz numbers of these partitions are given by A340387. For example, the a(2) = 1 through a(14) = 15 partitions (empty columns not shown) are:

(2) (22) (222) (2222) (22222) (222222) (2222222)

(31) (321) (3221) (32221) (322221) (3222221)

(411) (3311) (33211) (332211) (3322211)

(4211) (42211) (333111) (3332111)

(5111) (43111) (422211) (4222211)

(52111) (432111) (4322111)

(61111) (441111) (4331111)

(522111) (4421111)

(531111) (5222111)

(621111) (5321111)

(711111) (5411111)

(6221111)

(6311111)

(7211111)

(8111111)

(End)

Ramanujan theta functions: phi(q) := Sum_{k=-oo..oo} q^(k^2) (A000122), chi(q) := Prod_{k>=0} (1+q^(2k+1)) (A000700).

The partitions of n are partitioned into four types:

EO, even # of odd parts and odd # of even parts, A236559;

OE, odd # of odd parts and even # of even parts, A160786;

EE, even # of odd parts and even # of even parts, A236913;

OO, odd # of odd parts and odd # of even parts, A236914.

A236559 and A160786 are the bisections of A027193;

A236913 and A236914 are the bisections of A027187.

We define the alternating product of a sequence (y_1,...,y_k) to be Product_i y_i^((-1)^(i-1)).

The Dyson rank of a nonempty partition is its maximum part minus its number of parts. For this sequence, the rank of an empty partition is 0.

From Mats Granvik, May 25 2017: (Start)

A074206(n) = A002033(n-1) = a(n) + A174726(n).

A008683(n) = a(n) - A174726(n).

Let m = size of matrix a matrix T, and let T be defined as follows:

T(n,k) = if m = 1 then 1 else if mod(n, k) = 0 then if and(n = k, n = m) then 0 else 1 else if and(n = 1, k = m) then 1 else 0

a(n) is then the number of permutation matrices with a positive contribution in the determinant of matrix T. The determinant of T is equal to the Möbius function A008683, see Mathematica program below for how to compute the determinant.

A174726 is the number of permutation matrices with a negative contribution in the determinant of matrix T.

(End)

From Gus Wiseman, Jan 04 2021: (Start)

Also the number of ordered factorizations of n into an even number of factors > 1. The non-ordered case is A339846. For example, the a(n) factorizations for n = 12, 24, 30, 32, 36 are:

(2*6) (3*8) (5*6) (4*8) (4*9)

(3*4) (4*6) (6*5) (8*4) (6*6)

(4*3) (6*4) (10*3) (16*2) (9*4)

(6*2) (8*3) (15*2) (2*16) (12*3)

(12*2) (2*15) (2*2*2*4) (18*2)

(2*12) (3*10) (2*2*4*2) (2*18)

(2*2*2*3) (2*4*2*2) (3*12)

(2*2*3*2) (4*2*2*2) (2*2*3*3)

(2*3*2*2) (2*3*2*3)

(3*2*2*2) (2*3*3*2)

(3*2*2*3)

(3*2*3*2)

(3*3*2*2)

(End)

Also n for which A006906(n) is even, or equivalently n for which A000009(n) is even (since A006906 and A000009 have the same parity).

The number of partitions of a(n) into distinct parts with an even number of parts equals the number of such partitions with an odd number of parts: A067661(a(n)) = A067659(a(n)). See, e.g., the Freitag-Busam reference, p. 410 given in A036499. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 19 2016