A000073 -id:A000073 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001644 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3), a(0)=3, a(1)=1, a(2)=3.

3, 1, 3, 7, 11, 21, 39, 71, 131, 241, 443, 815, 1499, 2757, 5071, 9327, 17155, 31553, 58035, 106743, 196331, 361109, 664183, 1221623, 2246915, 4132721, 7601259, 13980895, 25714875, 47297029, 86992799, 160004703, 294294531, 541292033, 995591267, 1831177831

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

For n >= 3, a(n) is the number of cyclic sequences consisting of n zeros and ones that do not contain three consecutive ones provided the positions of the zeros and ones are fixed on a circle. This is proved in Charalambides (1991) and Zhang and Hadjicostas (2015). For example, a(3)=7 because only the sequences 110, 101, 011, 001, 010, 100 and 000 avoid three consecutive ones. (For n=1,2 the statement is still true provided we allow the sequence to wrap around itself on a circle.) - Petros Hadjicostas, Dec 16 2016
For n >= 3, also the number of dominating sets on the n-cycle graph C_n. - Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 30 2017
For n >= 3, also the number of minimal dominating sets and maximal irredundant sets on the n-sun graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 28 and Aug 17 2017
For n >= 3, also the number of minimal edge covers in the n-web graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Aug 03 2017
For n >= 1, also the number of ways to tile a bracelet of length n with squares, dominoes, and trominoes. - Ruijia Li and Greg Dresden, Sep 14 2019
If n is prime, then a(n)-1 is a multiple of n ; a counterexample for the converse is given by n = 182. - Robert FERREOL, Apr 03 2024

			G.f. = 3 + x + 3*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 11*x^4 + 21*x^5 + 39*x^6 + 71*x^7 + 131*x^8 + ...

Miklos Bona, editor, Handbook of Enumerative Combinatorics, CRC Press, 2015, page 500.
G. Everest, A. van der Poorten, I. Shparlinski and T. Ward, Recurrence Sequences, Amer. Math. Soc., 2003; see esp. p. 255.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000 (terms 1..200 from T. D. Noe)
Kunle Adegoke, Robert Frontczak, and Taras Goy, Binomial Tribonacci Sums, Disc. Math. Lett. (2022) Vol. 8, 30-37.
Kunle Adegoke, Adenike Olatinwo, and Winning Oyekanmi, New Tribonacci Recurrence Relations and Addition Formulas, arXiv:1811.03663 [math.CO], 2018.
Daniel Birmajer, Juan B. Gil, and Michael D. Weiner, Linear recurrence sequences with indices in arithmetic progression and their sums, arXiv:1505.06339 [math.NT], 2015.
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, and Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
C. A. Charalambides, Lucas numbers and polynomials of order k and the length of the longest circular success run, The Fibonacci Quarterly, 29 (1991), 290-297.
Curtis Cooper, Steven Miller, Peter J. C. Moses, Murat Sahin, and Thotsaporn Thanatipanonda, On Identities Of Ruggles, Horadam, Howard, and Young, Preprint, 2016.
Curtis Cooper, Steven Miller, Peter J. C. Moses, Murat Sahin, and Thotsaporn Thanatipanonda, On identities of Ruggles, Hradam, Howard, and Young, The Fibonacci Quarterly, 55.5 (2017), 42-65.
M. Elia, Derived Sequences, The Tribonacci Recurrence and Cubic Forms, The Fibonacci Quarterly, 39.2 (2001), 107-109.
G. Everest, A. J. van der Poorten, Y. Puri and T. Ward, Integer Sequences and Periodic Points, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 5 (2002), Article 02.2.3.
G. Everest, Y. Puri and T. Ward, Integer sequences counting periodic points, arXiv:math/0204173 [math.NT], 2002.
Daniel C. Fielder, Special integer sequences controlled by three parameters, Fibonacci Quarterly 6, 1968, 64-70.
Robert Frontczak, Sums of Tribonacci and Tribonacci-Lucas Numbers, International Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Vol. 12 (2018), No. 1, pp. 19-24.
Robert Frontczak, Convolutions for Generalized Tribonacci Numbers and Related Results, International Journal of Mathematical Analysis (2018) Vol. 12, Issue 7, 307-324.
Petros Hadjicostas, Cyclic Compositions of a Positive Integer with Parts Avoiding an Arithmetic Sequence, Journal of Integer Sequences, 19 (2016), #16.8.2.
A. Ilic, S. Klavzar, and Y. Rho, Generalized Lucas Cubes, Appl. An. Disc. Math. 6 (2012) 82-94, proposition 11 for the sequence starting 1, 2, 4, 7, 11,...
Günter Köhler, Generating functions of Fibonacci-like sequences and decimal expansion of some fractions, The Fibonacci Quarterly 23, no.1, (1985), 29-35 [a(n) is there Lambda_n on p. 35].
Pin-Yen Lin, De Moivre type identities for the Tribonacci numbers, The Fibonacci Quarterly 26, no.2, (1988), 131-134.
Matthew Macauley, Jon McCammond, and Henning S. Mortveit, Dynamics groups of asynchronous cellular automata, Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics, Vol 33, No 1 (2011), pp. 11-35.
Tony D. Noe and Jonathan Vos Post, Primes in Fibonacci n-step and Lucas n-step Sequences, J. of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.4.4.
Yassine Otmani, The 2-Pascal Triangle and a Related Riordan Array, J. Int. Seq. (2025) Vol. 28, Issue 3, Art. No. 25.3.5. See p. 21.
J. Pan, Some Properties of the Multiple Binomial Transform and the Hankel Transform of Shifted Sequences, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.3.4, remark 17.
Andreas N. Philippou and Spiros D. Dafnis, A simple proof of an identity generalizing Fibonacci-Lucas identities, Fibonacci Quarterly (2018) Vol. 56, No. 4, 334-336.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
J. L. Ramírez and V. F. Sirvent, A Generalization of the k-Bonacci Sequence from Riordan Arrays, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 22(1) (2015), #P1.38.
Souvik Roy, Nazim Fatès, and Sukanta Das, Reversibility of Elementary Cellular Automata with fully asynchronous updating: an analysis of the rules with partial recurrence, hal-04456320 [nlin.CG], [cs], 2024. See p. 17.
S. Saito, T. Tanaka, and N. Wakabayashi, Combinatorial Remarks on the Cyclic Sum Formula for Multiple Zeta Values, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.2.4, Table 3.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Cycle Graph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Dominating Set
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lucas n-Step Number
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Maximal Irredundant Set
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Minimal Edge Cover
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sun Graph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Tribonacci Number
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Web Graph
Wikipedia, Companion matrix.
A. V. Zarelua, On Matrix Analogs of Fermat's Little Theorem, Mathematical Notes, vol. 79, no. 6, 2006, pp. 783-796. Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, vol. 79, no. 6, 2006, pp. 840-855.
L. Zhang and P. Hadjicostas, On sequences of independent Bernoulli trials avoiding the pattern '11..1', Math. Scientist, 40 (2015), 89-96.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,1).

Cf. A000073, A073145, A106293 (Pisano periods), A073728 (partial sums).
Cf. A058265.
Cf. A001609, A001634 - A001636, A001638 - A001645, A001648, A001649.

a:=[3,1,3];; for n in [4..40] do a[n]:=a[n-1]+a[n-2]+a[n-3]; od; a; # Muniru A Asiru, Dec 18 2018

a001644 n = a001644_list !! n
a001644_list = 3 : 1 : 3 : zipWith3 (((+) .) . (+))
               a001644_list (tail a001644_list) (drop 2 a001644_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 13 2014

I:=[3,1,3]; [n le 3 select I[n] else Self(n-1)+Self(n-2)+ Self(n-3): n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 04 2017

A001644:=-(1+2*z+3*z**2)/(z**3+z**2+z-1); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation; gives sequence except for the initial 3
A001644 :=proc(n)
    option remember;
    if n <= 2 then
        1+2*modp(n+1,2)
    else
        procname(n-1)+procname(n-2)+procname(n-3);
    end if;
end proc:
seq(A001644(n),n=0..80) ;

a[x_]:= a[x] = a[x-1] +a[x-2] +a[x-3]; a[0] = 3; a[1] = 1; a[2] = 3; Array[a, 40, 0]
a[n_]:= n*Sum[Sum[Binomial[j, n-3*k+2*j]*Binomial[k, j], {j,n-3*k,k}]/k, {k, n}]; a[0] = 3; Array[a, 40, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Feb 24 2011 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1, 1, 1}, {3, 1, 3}, 40] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 08 2012 *)
Table[RootSum[-1 - # - #^2 + #^3 &, #^n &], {n, 0, 40}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 30 2017 *)
RootSum[-1 - # - #^2 + #^3 &, #^Range[0, 40] &] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Aug 17 2017 *)

{a(n) = if( n<0, polsym(1 - x - x^2 - x^3, -n)[-n+1], polsym(1 + x + x^2 - x^3, n)[n+1])}; /* Michael Somos, Nov 02 2002 */

my(x='x+O('x^40)); Vec((3-2*x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)) \\ Altug Alkan, Apr 19 2018

((3-2*x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)).series(x, 40).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Mar 22 2019

Binet's formula: a(n) = r1^n + r2^n + r3^n, where r1, r2, r3 are the roots of the characteristic polynomial 1 + x + x^2 - x^3, see A058265.
a(n) = A000073(n) + 2*A000073(n-1) + 3*A000073(n-2).
G.f.: (3-2*x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3). - Miklos Kristof, Jul 29 2002
a(n) = n*Sum_{k=1..n} Sum_{j=n-3*k..k} binomial(j, n-3*k+2*j)*binomial(k,j)/k, n > 0, a(0)=3. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Feb 24 2011
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3), a(0)=3, a(1)=1, a(2)=3. - Harvey P. Dale, Feb 01 2015
a(n) = A073145(-n). for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Dec 17 2016
Sum_{k=0..n} k*a(k) = (n*a(n+3) - a(n+2) - (n+1)*a(n+1) + 4)/2. - Yichen Wang, Aug 30 2020
a(n) = Trace(M^n), where M = [0, 0, 1; 1, 0, 1; 0, 1, 1] is the companion matrix to the monic polynomial x^3 - x^2 - x - 1. It follows that the sequence satisfies the Gauss congruences: a(n*p^r) == a(n*p^(r-1)) (mod p^r) for positive integers n and r and all primes p. See Zarelua. - Peter Bala, Dec 29 2022

Edited by Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Jul 17 2002

Deleted certain dangerous or potentially dangerous links. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 30 2021

A080843 Tribonacci word: limit S(infinity), where S(0) = 0, S(1) = 0,1, S(2) = 0,1,0,2 and for n >= 0, S(n+3) = S(n+2) S(n+1) S(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 29 2003

An Arnoux-Rauzy or episturmian word.
From N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 10 2018: (Start)
The initial terms in a form suitable for copying:
0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,
0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,2,0,1,
0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,2,0,1,
0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,
2,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,
1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,2,0,
1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,2,0,
1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0,2,0,1,0,0,1,
...
Let TTW(a,b,c) denote this sequence written over the alphabet {a,b,c}. It begins:
a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,
a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,c,a,b,
a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,c,a,b,
a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,
c,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,
b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,c,a,
b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,c,a,
b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,b,a,c,a,b,a,a,b,
... (End)
From Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 14 2018: (Start)
The substitution sequence 0 -> 0, 1; 1-> 0, 2; 2 -> 0  read as an irregular triangle with rows l >= 1 and length T(l+2), with the tribonacci numbers T = A000073, leads to the tribonacci tree TriT with level TriT(l) for l >= 1 given by a(0), a(1), ..., a(T(l+2)-1).
  E.g., l = 4:  0 1  0 2  0 1  0 with T(6) = 7 leaves (nodes). See the example below.
This tree can be used to find the tribonacci representation of nonnegative n given in A278038, call it ZTri(n) (Z for generalized Zeckendorf), by replacing every 2 by 1, and reading from bottom to top, omitting the final 0, except for n = 0 which is represented by 0. See the example below. (End)

			From _Joerg Arndt_, Mar 12 2013: (Start)
The first few steps of the substitution are
Start: 0
Rules:
  0 --> 01
  1 --> 02
  2 --> 0
-------------
0:   (#=1)
  0
1:   (#=2)
  01
2:   (#=4)
  0102
3:   (#=7)
  0102010
4:   (#=13)
  0102010010201
5:   (#=24)
  010201001020101020100102
6:   (#=44)
  01020100102010102010010201020100102010102010
7:   (#=81)
  010201001020101020100102010201001020101020100102010010201010201001020102010010201
(End)
From _Wolfdieter Lang_, Aug 14 2018: (Start)
The levels l of the tree TriT begin (the branches (edges) have been omitted):
Substitution rule: 0 -> 0 1; 1 -> 0 2; 2 -> 0.
l=1:                                 0
l=2:                  0                                 1
l=3:             0             1                  0             2
l=4:         0      1       0     2          0       1          0
l=5:      0    1  0   2   0   1   0        0   1   0   2      0    1
...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n =       0    1  2   3   4   5   6        7   8   9  10     11   12
The tribonacci representation of n >= 0 (A278038; here at level 5 for n = 0.. 12) is obtained by reading from bottom to top (along the branches not shown) replacing 2 with 1, omitting the last 0 except for n = 0.
          0    1  0   1   0   1   0        0   1   0  1      0    1
                  1   1   0   0   1        0   0   1  1      0    0
                          1   1   1        0   0   0  0      1    1
                                           1   1   1  1      1    1
E.g., ZTri(9) = A278038(9) = 1010. (End)

The entry A092782 has a more complete list of references and links. - N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 17 2018
J.-P. Allouche and J. Shallit, Automatic Sequences, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003, p. 246.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..20000
Jean Berstel and J. Karhumaki, Combinatorics on words - a tutorial, Bull. EATCS, #79 (2003), pp. 178-228.
Nataliya Chekhova, Pascal Hubert, and Ali Messaoudi, Propriétés combinatoires, ergodiques et arithmétiques de la substitution de Tribonacci, Journal de théorie des nombres de Bordeaux, 13.2 (2001): 371-394.
D. Damanik and L. Q. Zamboni, Arnoux-Rauzy subshifts: linear recurrence, powers and palindromes, arXiv:math/0208137 [math.CO], 2002.
F. Michel Dekking, Morphisms, Symbolic Sequences, and Their Standard Forms, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 19 (2016), Article 16.1.1.
F. Michel Dekking, Jeffrey Shallit, and N. J. A. Sloane, Queens in exile: non-attacking queens on infinite chess boards, Electronic J. Combin., 27:1 (2020), #P1.52.
Eric Duchêne and Michel Rigo, A morphic approach to combinatorial games: the Tribonacci case. RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications, 42, 2008, pp 375-393. doi:10.1051/ita:2007039. [Also available here]
Robbert Fokkink and Dan Rust, Queen reflections: a modification of Wythoff Nim, Int'l J. Game Theory (2022).
Wolfdieter Lang, The Tribonacci and ABC Representations of Numbers are Equivalent, arXiv:1810.09787v1 [math.NT], 2018.
Joseph Meleshko, Pascal Ochem, Jeffrey Shallit, and Sonja Linghui Shan, Pseudoperiodic Words and a Question of Shevelev, arXiv:2207.10171 [math.CO], 2022.
Aayush Rajasekaran, Narad Rampersad and Jeffrey Shallit, Overpals, Underlaps, and Underpals, In: Brlek S., Dolce F., Reutenauer C., Vandomme É. (eds) Combinatorics on Words, WORDS 2017, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10432.
Gérard Rauzy, Nombres algébriques et substitutions, Bull. Soc. Math. France 110.2 (1982): 147-178. See page 148.
Bo Tan and Zhi-Ying Wen, Some properties of the Tribonacci sequence, European Journal of Combinatorics, 28 (2007) 1703-1719.
O. Turek, Abelian Complexity Function of the Tribonacci Word, J. Int. Seq. 18 (2015) # 15.3.4
Index entries for sequences that are fixed points of mappings

Cf. A003849 (the Fibonacci word), A092782.
See A092782 for a version over the alphabet {1,2,3}.
See A278045 for another construction.
Cf. A000073, A278038.
First differences: A317950. Partial sums: A319198.

M:=17; S[1]:=`0`; S[2]:=`01`; S[3]:=`0102`;
for n from 4 to M do S[n]:=cat(S[n-1], S[n-2], S[n-3]); od:
t0:=S[M]: l:=length(t0); for i from 1 to l do lprint(i,substring(t0,i..i)); od:
# N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 01 2006
# A version that uses the letters a,b,c:
M:=10; B[1]:=`a`; B[2]:=`ab`; B[3]:=`abac`;
for n from 4 to M do B[n]:=cat(B[n-1], B[n-2], B[n-3]); od:
B[10]; # N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 30 2018

Nest[Flatten[ # /. {0 -> {0, 1}, 1 -> {0, 2}, 2 -> {0}}] &, {0}, 8] (* updated by Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 07 2010 *)
SubstitutionSystem[{0->{0,1},1->{0,2},2->{0}},{0},{8}]//Flatten (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 21 2021 *)

strsub(s, vv, off=0)=
{
    my( nl=#vv, r=[], ct=1 );
    while ( ct <= #s,
        r = concat(r, vv[ s[ct] + (1-off) ] );
        ct += 1;
    );
    return( r );
}
t=[0];  for (k=1, 10, t=strsub( t, [[0,1], [0,2], [0]], 0 ) );  t
\\ Joerg Arndt, Sep 14 2013

Fixed point of morphism 0 -> 0, 1; 1 -> 0, 2; 2 -> 0.

a(n) = A092782(n+1) - 1. - Joerg Arndt, Sep 14 2013

More terms from Antonio G. Astudillo (afg_astudillo(AT)lycos.com), Apr 06 2003

A100683 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3); a(0) = -1, a(1) = 2, a(2) = 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, 2, 2, 3, 7, 12, 22, 41, 75, 138, 254, 467, 859, 1580, 2906, 5345, 9831, 18082, 33258, 61171, 112511, 206940, 380622, 700073, 1287635, 2368330, 4356038, 8012003, 14736371, 27104412, 49852786, 91693569, 168650767, 310197122

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 08 2004

A tribonacci sequence.
From Greg Dresden and Veda Garigipati, Jun 14 2022: (Start)
For n >= 2, a(n+2) is the number of ways to tile this figure of length n with squares, dominoes, and "trominoes" (of length 3):
   _
  |||___________
  |||_|||_|||
As an example, here is one of the 254 possible tilings of this figure of length 8 with squares, dominoes, and trominoes:
   _
  | ||__________
  ||____|_|_|_|. (End)

Robert Price, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, and Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
S. Kak, The Golden Mean and the Physics of Aesthetics, arXiv:physics/0411195 [physics.hist-ph], 2004.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Tribonacci Number
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,1).

Cf. A232542, A232543.
Cf. A001590, A020992.
Cf. A000073.

a[0]:=-1:a[1]:=2:a[2]:=2:for n from 3 to 42 do a[n]:=a[n-1]+a[n-2]+a[n-3] od: seq(a[n],n=0..42);

a[0] = -1; a[1] = a[2] = 2; a[n_] := a[n] = a[n - 1] + a[n - 2] + a[n - 3]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, 35}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 09 2004 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1,1,1},{-1,2,2},34] (* Ray Chandler, Dec 08 2013 *)

Vec(-(1-3*x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3) + O(x^70)) \\ Michel Marcus, Sep 25 2015

a(n+1) = 2*A001590(n+1) + A020992(n). - Creighton Dement, May 02 2005
O.g.f.: -(1-3x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 22 2008
a(n) = T(n-2) + T(n) + T(n+1) where T(n) = A000073(n) the tribonacci sequence, for n >= 2. - Greg Dresden and Veda Garigipati, Jun 14 2022

More terms from Emeric Deutsch, Farideh Firoozbakht and Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 08 2004

A214727 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3) with a(0) = 1, a(1) = a(2) = 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 5, 9, 16, 30, 55, 101, 186, 342, 629, 1157, 2128, 3914, 7199, 13241, 24354, 44794, 82389, 151537, 278720, 512646, 942903, 1734269, 3189818, 5866990, 10791077, 19847885, 36505952, 67144914, 123498751, 227149617, 417793282

Offset: 0

Abel Amene, Jul 27 2012

Part of a group of sequences defined by a(0), a(1)=a(2), a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3) which is a subgroup of sequences with linear recurrences and constant coefficients listed in the index.
Note: A000073 (with offset=1), 1 followed by A000073, A000213, A141523, A214727, A214825 to A214831 completely define possible sequences with a(0)=0,1,2...9 and a(1)=a(2)=0,1,2...9 excluding any multiples of these sequences and the trivial case of a(0)=a(1)=a(2)=0.
Note: allowing a(0)=0 and a(1)=a(2)=1,2,3....9 leads to A000073 (with offset=1) and its multiples.
Note: allowing a(0)=1,2,3....9 a(1)=a(2)=0 leads to 1 followed by A000073 and its multiples.
With offset of 6 this sequence is the 8th row of tribonacci array A136175.

			G.f. = 1 + 2*x + 2*x^2 + 5 x^3 + 9*x^4 + 16*x^5 + 30*x^6 + 55*x^7 + ...

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, and Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,1).

Cf. A000213, A000288, A000322, A000383, A060455, A136175, A141036, A141523, A214825-A214831.

a:=[1,2,2];; for n in [4..40] do a[n]:=a[n-1]+a[n-2]+a[n-3]; od; a; # G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

a214727 n = a214727_list !! n
a214727_list = 1 : 2 : 2 : zipWith3 (\x y z -> x + y + z)
   a214727_list (tail a214727_list) (drop 2 a214727_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 31 2012

R:=PowerSeriesRing(Integers(), 40); Coefficients(R!( (1+x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3) )); // G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

LinearRecurrence[{1,1,1},{1,2,2},40] (* Ray Chandler, Dec 08 2013 *)

a(n)=([0,1,0; 0,0,1; 1,1,1]^n*[1;2;2])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 22 2016

my(x='x+O('x^40)); Vec((1+x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

((1+x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)).series(x, 40).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

G.f.: (1+x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3).
a(n) = K(n) -2*T(n+1) + 3*T(n), where K(n) = A001644(n), T(n) = A000073(n+1). - G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019
a(n) = Sum_{r root of x^3-x^2-x-1} r^n/(-r^2+2*r+1). - Fabian Pereyra, Nov 20 2024

A141523 Expansion of (3-2x-3x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 1, 1, 5, 7, 13, 25, 45, 83, 153, 281, 517, 951, 1749, 3217, 5917, 10883, 20017, 36817, 67717, 124551, 229085, 421353, 774989, 1425427, 2621769, 4822185, 8869381, 16313335, 30004901, 55187617, 101505853, 186698371, 343391841

Offset: 0

Roger L. Bagula and Gary W. Adamson, Aug 11 2008

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,1).

Cf. A000073, A001644.

I:=[3, 1, 1]; [n le 3 select I[n] else Self(n-1)+Self(n-2) +Self(n-3): n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 17 2012

a[0]=3; a[1]=1; a[2]=1; a[n_]:= a[n]=a[n-1]+a[n-2]+a[n-3]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 40}]
LinearRecurrence[{1, 1, 1}, {3, 1, 1}, 40] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 17 2012 *)

a(n)=([0,1,0; 0,0,1; 1,1,1]^n*[3;1;1])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 22 2016

my(x='x+O('x^40)); Vec((3-2*x-3*x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Apr 22 2019

((3-2*x-3*x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)).series(x, 40).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 22 2019

a(0)=3; a(1)=1; a(2)=1; thereafter a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3).
From R. J. Mathar, Aug 22 2008: (Start)
O.g.f.: (3-2*x-3*x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3).
a(n) = A001644(n) - 2*A000073(n). (End)

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 17 2012

A020992 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3), with a(0) = 0, a(1) = 2, a(2) = 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 1, 3, 6, 10, 19, 35, 64, 118, 217, 399, 734, 1350, 2483, 4567, 8400, 15450, 28417, 52267, 96134, 176818, 325219, 598171, 1100208, 2023598, 3721977, 6845783, 12591358, 23159118, 42596259, 78346735, 144102112, 265045106, 487493953, 896641171, 1649180230

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Tribonacci sequence beginning 0, 2, 1.
Pisano period lengths:  1, 4, 13, 8, 31, 52, 48, 16, 39, 124, 110, 104, 168, 48, 403, 32, 96, 156, 360, 248,.... - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
One bisection is 0, 1, 6, 19, 64, 217, 734, 2483, 8400,.. and the other 2, 3, 10, 35, 118, 399, 1350, 4567,... both with recurrence b(n)=3*b(n-1)+b(n-2)+b(n-3). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
From Greg Dresden and Jiarui Zhou, Jun 30 2025: (Start)
For n >= 4, 2*a(n) is the number of ways to tile this shape of length n-2 with squares, dominos, and trominos (of length 3):
  ._
  |||___________
  |||_|||_|||
  |_|.
As an example, here is one of the 2*a(10) = 434 ways to tile this shape of length 8:
  ._
  | ||__________
  | |_|_____|||
  |_| (End)

Robert Price, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, and Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,1).

Cf. A000032, A000073, A001590, A232498, A233554.

I:=[0,2,1]; [n le 3 select I[n] else Self(n-1) + Self(n-2) + Self(n-3): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Feb 09 2018

LinearRecurrence[{1,1,1},{0,2,1},100] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jun 07 2011 *)

my(x='x+O('x^30)); concat([0], Vec(x*(2-x)/(1-x-x^2-x^3))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Feb 09 2018

G.f.: x*(2-x)/(1-x-x^2-x^3).
a(n) = 2*A000073(n+1)-A000073(n). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 22 2008
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-4), n>3. - Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 08 2011

A214899 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3) with a(0)=2, a(1)=1, a(2)=2.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1, 2, 5, 8, 15, 28, 51, 94, 173, 318, 585, 1076, 1979, 3640, 6695, 12314, 22649, 41658, 76621, 140928, 259207, 476756, 876891, 1612854, 2966501, 5456246, 10035601, 18458348, 33950195, 62444144, 114852687, 211247026, 388543857

Offset: 0

Abel Amene, Jul 29 2012

With offset of 5 this sequence is the 4th row of the tribonacci array A136175.
For n>0, a(n) is the number of ways to tile a strip of length n with squares, dominoes, and trominoes, such that there must be exactly one "special" square (say, of a different color) in the first three cells. - Greg Dresden and Emma Li, Aug 17 2024
From Greg Dresden and Jiarui Zhou, Jun 30 2025: (Start)
For n >= 3, a(n) is the number of ways to tile this shape of length n-1 with squares, dominos, and trominos (of length 3):
  ._
  ||____________
  |||_|||_|||
    |_|
As an example, here is one of the a(9) = 173 ways to tile this shape of length 8:
  ._
  | |___________
  || |__|_|___|
    |_|. (End)

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000 (terms 0..200 from Robert Price)
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, and Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,1).

Cf. A000073, A000213, A035513, A136175, A141036, A141523.

a:=[2,1,2];; for n in [4..40] do a[n]:=a[n-1]+a[n-2]+a[n-3]; od; a; # G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

R:=PowerSeriesRing(Integers(), 40); Coefficients(R!( (2-x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3) )); // G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

LinearRecurrence[{1,1,1},{2,1,2},34] (* Ray Chandler, Dec 08 2013 *)

a(n)=([0,1,0;0,0,1;1,1,1]^n*[2;1;2])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 11 2015

my(x='x+O('x^40)); Vec((2-x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

((2-x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)).series(x, 40).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

G.f.: (2-x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3).

a(n) = K(n) - T(n+1) + T(n), where K(n) = A001644(n), T(n) = A000073(n+1). - G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

A214825 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3), with a(0) = 1, a(1) = a(2) = 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 3, 7, 13, 23, 43, 79, 145, 267, 491, 903, 1661, 3055, 5619, 10335, 19009, 34963, 64307, 118279, 217549, 400135, 735963, 1353647, 2489745, 4579355, 8422747, 15491847, 28493949, 52408543, 96394339, 177296831, 326099713, 599790883, 1103187427

Offset: 0

Abel Amene, Jul 28 2012

Part of a group of sequences defined by a(0), a(1)=a(2), a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3) which is a subgroup of sequences with linear recurrences and constant coefficients listed in the index. See Comments in A214727.

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..3770
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, and Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,1).

Cf. A000073, A000213, A000288, A000322, A000383, A001644, A060455, A136175, A141036, A141523, A214825-A214831.

a:=[1,3,3];; for n in [4..40] do a[n]:=a[n-1]+a[n-2]+a[n-3]; od; a; # G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

R:=PowerSeriesRing(Integers(), 40); Coefficients(R!( (1+2*x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3) )); // G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

LinearRecurrence[{1,1,1},{1,3,3},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Oct 05 2013 *)

a(n)=([0,1,0; 0,0,1; 1,1,1]^n*[1;3;3])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 22 2016

my(x='x+O('x^40)); Vec((1+2*x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

((1+2*x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)).series(x, 40).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

G.f.: (1+2*x-x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3).

a(n) = K(n) - 2*T(n+1) + 4*T(n), where K(n) = A001644(n), and T(n) = A000073(n+1). - G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

A278038 Binary vectors not containing three consecutive 1's; or, representation of n in the tribonacci base.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011, 1100, 1101, 10000, 10001, 10010, 10011, 10100, 10101, 10110, 11000, 11001, 11010, 11011, 100000, 100001, 100010, 100011, 100100, 100101, 100110, 101000, 101001, 101010, 101011, 101100, 101101, 110000, 110001, 110010, 110011, 110100, 110101, 110110, 1000000

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 16 2016

These are the nonnegative numbers written in the tribonacci numbering system.

			The tribonacci numbers (as in A000073(n), for n >= 3) are 1, 2, 4, 7, 13, 24, 44, 81, ... In terms of this base, 7 is written 1000, 8 is 1001, 11 is 1100, 12 is 1101, 13 is 10000, etc. Zero is 0.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..25280
L. Carlitz, Richard Scoville, and V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., Fibonacci Representations of Higher Order, Part 2, The Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 1 (1972), pp. 43-69, 94.
F. Michel Dekking, Jeffrey Shallit, and N. J. A. Sloane, Queens in exile: non-attacking queens on infinite chess boards, Electronic J. Combin., 27:1 (2020), #P1.52.
Eric Duchêne and Michel Rigo, A morphic approach to combinatorial games: the Tribonacci case. RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications, 42, 2008, pp 375-393. See Table 2. [Also available from Numdam]
V. E. Hoggatt, Jr. and Marjorie Bicknell-Johnson, Lexicographic Ordering and Fibonacci Representations, The Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 3 (1982), pp. 193-218.
Wolfdieter Lang, The Tribonacci and ABC Representations of Numbers are Equivalent, arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.09787 [math.NT], 2018.

Cf. A000073, A080843 (tribonacci word, tribonacci tree).
See A003726 for the decimal representations of these binary strings.
Similar sequences: A014417 (Fibonacci), A130310 (Lucas).

# maximum index in A73 such that A73 <= n.
A73floorIdx := proc(n)
    local k ;
    for k from 3 do
        if A000073(k) = n then
            return k ;
        elif A000073(k) > n then
            return k -1 ;
        end if ;
    end do:
end proc:
A278038 := proc(n)
    local k,L,nres ;
    if n = 0 then
        0;
    else
        k := A73floorIdx(n) ;
        L := [1] ;
        nres := n-A000073(k) ;
        while k >= 4 do
            k := k-1 ;
            if nres >= A000073(k) then
                L := [1,op(L)] ;
                nres := nres-A000073(k) ;
            else
                L := [0,op(L)] ;
            end if ;
        end do:
        add( op(i,L)*10^(i-1),i=1..nops(L)) ;
    end if;
end proc:
seq(A278038(n),n=0..40) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jun 08 2022

t[1] = 1; t[2] = 2; t[3] = 4; t[n_] := t[n] = t[n - 1] + t[n - 2] + t[n - 3]; a[n_] := Module[{s = {}, m = n, k}, While[m > 0, k = 1; While[t[k] <= m, k++]; k--; AppendTo[s, k]; m -= t[k]; k = 1]; FromDigits @ IntegerDigits[Total[2^(s - 1)], 2]]; Array[a, 100, 0] (* Amiram Eldar, Mar 04 2022 *)

A081172 Tribonacci numbers: a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3), with a(0) = 1, a(1) = 1, a(2) = 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 2, 3, 5, 10, 18, 33, 61, 112, 206, 379, 697, 1282, 2358, 4337, 7977, 14672, 26986, 49635, 91293, 167914, 308842, 568049, 1044805, 1921696, 3534550, 6501051, 11957297, 21992898, 40451246, 74401441, 136845585, 251698272, 462945298, 851489155

Offset: 0

Harry J. Smith, Apr 19 2003

The name "tribonacci number" is less well-defined than "Fibonacci number". The sequence A000073 (which begins 0, 0, 1) is probably the most important version, but the name has also been applied to A000213, A001590, and A081172. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 25 2024
Completes the set of tribonacci numbers starting with 0's and 1's in the first three terms:
0,0,0 A000004;
0,0,1 A000073;
0,1,0 A001590;
0,1,1 A000073 starting at a(1);
1,0,0 A000073 starting at a(-1);
1,0,1 A001590;
1,1,0 this sequence;
1,1,1 A000213.

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..500
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
N. G. Voll, Some identities for four term recurrence relations, Fib. Quart., 51 (2013), 268-273.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,1).

Cf. A000004, A000073, A000213, A001590, A020992.

a:=[1,1,0];; for n in [4..40] do a[n]:=a[n-1]+a[n-2]+a[n-3]; od; a; # G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

R:=PowerSeriesRing(Integers(), 40); Coefficients(R!( (1-2*x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3) )); // G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

A081172 := proc(n)
    option remember;
    if n <= 2 then
        op(n+1,[1,1,0]) ;
    else
        add(procname(n-i),i=1..3) ;
    end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Aug 09 2012

LinearRecurrence[{1,1,1}, {1,1,0}, 40] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jun 07 2011 *)

{ a1=1; a2=1; a3=0; write("b081172.txt",0," ",a1); write("b081172.txt",1," ",a2); write("b081172.txt",2," ",a3); for(n=3,500, a=a1+a2+a3; a1=a2; a2=a3; a3=a; write("b081172.txt",n," ",a) ) } \\ Harry J. Smith, Mar 20 2009

my(x='x+O('x^40)); Vec((1-2*x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

((1-2*x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3)).series(x, 40).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 23 2019

From R. J. Mathar, Mar 27 2009: (Start)
G.f.: (1-2*x^2)/(1 - x - x^2 - x^3).
a(n) = A000073(n+2) - 2*A000073(n). (End)

cp's OEIS Frontend

A001644 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3), a(0)=3, a(1)=1, a(2)=3.

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A080843 Tribonacci word: limit S(infinity), where S(0) = 0, S(1) = 0,1, S(2) = 0,1,0,2 and for n >= 0, S(n+3) = S(n+2) S(n+1) S(n).

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A100683 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3); a(0) = -1, a(1) = 2, a(2) = 2.

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A214727 a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) + a(n-3) with a(0) = 1, a(1) = a(2) = 2.

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A141523 Expansion of (3-2*x-3*x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3).

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A141523 Expansion of (3-2x-3x^2)/(1-x-x^2-x^3).