cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 18 results. Next

A001012 Erroneous version of A040082.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 22, 563, 1676257
Offset: 0

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A174536 Partial sums of A040082.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 29, 593, 1676860, 115620398393, 208904486974761399, 12216177524273716236243939
Offset: 1

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Author

Jonathan Vos Post, Mar 21 2010

Keywords

Comments

Partial sums of number of inequivalent Latin squares (or isotopy classes of Latin squares) of order n. The subsequence of primes (6 in a row) in this partial sum begins: 2, 3, 5, 7, 29, 593.

Examples

			a(7) = 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 22 + 564 = 593 is prime.
		

Crossrefs

Formula

a(n) = SUM[i=1..n] A040082(i).

A007283 a(n) = 3*2^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 384, 768, 1536, 3072, 6144, 12288, 24576, 49152, 98304, 196608, 393216, 786432, 1572864, 3145728, 6291456, 12582912, 25165824, 50331648, 100663296, 201326592, 402653184, 805306368, 1610612736, 3221225472, 6442450944, 12884901888
Offset: 0

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Keywords

Comments

Same as Pisot sequences E(3, 6), L(3, 6), P(3, 6), T(3, 6). See A008776 for definitions of Pisot sequences.
Numbers k such that A006530(A000010(k)) = A000010(A006530(k)) = 2. - Labos Elemer, May 07 2002
Also least number m such that 2^n is the smallest proper divisor of m which is also a suffix of m in binary representation, see A080940. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 25 2003
Length of the period of the sequence Fibonacci(k) (mod 2^(n+1)). - Benoit Cloitre, Mar 12 2003
The sequence of first differences is this sequence itself. - Alexandre Wajnberg and Eric Angelini, Sep 07 2005
Subsequence of A122132. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 21 2006
Apart from the first term, a subsequence of A124509. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 04 2006
Total number of Latin n-dimensional hypercubes (Latin polyhedra) of order 3. - Kenji Ohkuma (k-ookuma(AT)ipa.go.jp), Jan 10 2007
Number of different ternary hypercubes of dimension n. - Edwin Soedarmadji (edwin(AT)systems.caltech.edu), Dec 10 2005
For n >= 1, a(n) is equal to the number of functions f:{1, 2, ..., n + 1} -> {1, 2, 3} such that for fixed, different x_1, x_2,...,x_n in {1, 2, ..., n + 1} and fixed y_1, y_2,...,y_n in {1, 2, 3} we have f(x_i) <> y_i, (i = 1,2,...,n). - Milan Janjic, May 10 2007
a(n) written in base 2: 11, 110, 11000, 110000, ..., i.e.: 2 times 1, n times 0 (see A003953). - Jaroslav Krizek, Aug 17 2009
Subsequence of A051916. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 20 2010
Numbers containing the number 3 in their Collatz trajectories. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 20 2012
a(n-1) gives the number of ternary numbers with n digits with no two adjacent digits in common; e.g., for n=3 we have 010, 012, 020, 021, 101, 102, 120, 121, 201, 202, 210 and 212. - Jon Perry, Oct 10 2012
If n > 1, then a(n) is a solution for the equation sigma(x) + phi(x) = 3x-4. This equation also has solutions 84, 3348, 1450092, ... which are not of the form 3*2^n. - Farideh Firoozbakht, Nov 30 2013
a(n) is the upper bound for the "X-ray number" of any convex body in E^(n + 2), conjectured by Bezdek and Zamfirescu, and proved in the plane E^2 (see the paper by Bezdek and Zamfirescu). - L. Edson Jeffery, Jan 11 2014
If T is a topology on a set V of size n and T is not the discrete topology, then T has at most 3 * 2^(n-2) many open sets. See Brown and Stephen references. - Ross La Haye, Jan 19 2014
Comment from Charles Fefferman, courtesy of Doron Zeilberger, Dec 02 2014: (Start)
Fix a dimension n. For a real-valued function f defined on a finite set E in R^n, let Norm(f, E) denote the inf of the C^2 norms of all functions F on R^n that agree with f on E. Then there exist constants k and C depending only on the dimension n such that Norm(f, E) <= C*max{ Norm(f, S) }, where the max is taken over all k-point subsets S in E. Moreover, the best possible k is 3 * 2^(n-1).
The analogous result, with the same k, holds when the C^2 norm is replaced, e.g., by the C^1, alpha norm (0 < alpha <= 1). However, the optimal analogous k, e.g., for the C^3 norm is unknown.
For the above results, see Y. Brudnyi and P. Shvartsman (1994). (End)
Also, coordination sequence for (infinity, infinity, infinity) tiling of hyperbolic plane. - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 29 2015
The average of consecutive powers of 2 beginning with 2^1. - Melvin Peralta and Miriam Ong Ante, May 14 2016
For n > 1, a(n) is the smallest Zumkeller number with n divisors that are also Zumkeller numbers (A083207). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Dec 09 2016
Also, for n >= 2, the number of length-n strings over the alphabet {0,1,2,3} having only the single letters as nonempty palindromic subwords. (Corollary 21 in Fleischer and Shallit) - Jeffrey Shallit, Dec 02 2019
Also, a(n) is the minimum link-length of any covering trail, circuit, path, and cycle for the set of the 2^(n+2) vertices of an (n+2)-dimensional hypercube. - Marco Ripà, Aug 22 2022
The known fixed points of maps n -> A163511(n) and n -> A243071(n). [See comments in A163511]. - Antti Karttunen, Sep 06 2023
The finite subsequence a(3), a(4), a(5), a(6) = 24, 48, 96, 192 is one of only two geometric sequences that can be formed with all interior angles (all integer, in degrees) of a simple polygon. The other sequence is a subsequence of A000244 (see comment there). - Felix Huber, Feb 15 2024
A level 1 Sierpiński triangle is a triangle. Level n+1 is formed from three copies of level n by identifying pairs of corner vertices of each pair of triangles. For n>2, a(n-3) is the radius of the level n Sierpiński triangle graph. - Allan Bickle, Aug 03 2024

References

  • Jason I. Brown, Discrete Structures and Their Interactions, CRC Press, 2013, p. 71.
  • T. Ito, Method, equipment, program and storage media for producing tables, Publication number JP2004-272104A, Japan Patent Office (written in Japanese, a(2)=12, a(3)=24, a(4)=48, a(5)=96, a(6)=192, a(7)=384 (a(7)=284 was corrected)).
  • Kenji Ohkuma, Atsuhiro Yamagishi and Toru Ito, Cryptography Research Group Technical report, IT Security Center, Information-Technology Promotion Agency, JAPAN.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Subsequence of the following sequences: A029744, A029747, A029748, A029750, A362804 (after 3), A364494, A364496, A364289, A364291, A364292, A364295, A364497, A364964, A365422.
Essentially same as A003945 and A042950.
Row sums of (5, 1)-Pascal triangle A093562 and of (1, 5) Pascal triangle A096940.
Cf. Latin squares: A000315, A002860, A003090, A040082, A003191; Latin cubes: A098843, A098846, A098679, A099321.

Programs

Formula

G.f.: 3/(1-2*x).
a(n) = 2*a(n - 1), n > 0; a(0) = 3.
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^(k reduced (mod 3))*binomial(n, k). - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 20 2002
a(n) = A118416(n + 1, 2) for n > 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 27 2006
a(n) = A000079(n) + A000079(n + 1). - Zerinvary Lajos, May 12 2007
a(n) = A000079(n)*3. - Omar E. Pol, Dec 16 2008
From Paul Curtz, Feb 05 2009: (Start)
a(n) = b(n) + b(n+3) for b = A001045, A078008, A154879.
a(n) = abs(b(n) - b(n+3)) with b(n) = (-1)^n*A084247(n). (End)
a(n) = 2^n + 2^(n + 1). - Jaroslav Krizek, Aug 17 2009
a(n) = A173786(n + 1, n) = A173787(n + 2, n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 28 2010
A216022(a(n)) = 6 and A216059(a(n)) = 7, for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 01 2012
a(n) = (A000225(n) + 1)*3. - Martin Ettl, Nov 11 2012
E.g.f.: 3*exp(2*x). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, May 15 2016
A020651(a(n)) = 2. - Yosu Yurramendi, Jun 01 2016
a(n) = sqrt(A014551(n + 1)*A014551(n + 2) + A014551(n)^2). - Ezhilarasu Velayutham, Sep 01 2019
a(A048672(n)) = A225546(A133466(n)). - Michel Marcus and Peter Munn, Nov 29 2019
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 2/3. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 28 2020

A002860 Number of Latin squares of order n; or labeled quasigroups.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 12, 576, 161280, 812851200, 61479419904000, 108776032459082956800, 5524751496156892842531225600, 9982437658213039871725064756920320000, 776966836171770144107444346734230682311065600000
Offset: 1

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Keywords

Comments

Also the number of minimum vertex colorings in the n X n rook graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 02 2024

References

  • David Nacin, "Puzzles, Parity Maps, and Plenty of Solutions", Chapter 15, The Mathematics of Various Entertaining Subjects: Volume 3 (2019), Jennifer Beineke & Jason Rosenhouse, eds. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, p. 245.
  • Clifford A. Pickover, The Math Book, From Pythagoras to the 57th Dimension, 250 Milestones in the History of Mathematics, Sterling Publ., NY, 2009.
  • J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 210.
  • H. J. Ryser, Combinatorial Mathematics. Mathematical Association of America, Carus Mathematical Monograph 14, 1963, p. 53.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A098679 (Latin cubes).
A row of the array in A249026.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Table[Length[ResourceFunction["FindProperColorings"][GraphProduct[CompleteGraph[n], CompleteGraph[n], "Cartesian"], n]], {n, 5}]

Formula

a(n) = n!*A000479(n) = n!*(n-1)!*A000315(n).

Extensions

One more term (from the McKay-Wanless article) from Richard Bean, Feb 17 2004

A000315 Number of reduced Latin squares of order n; also number of labeled loops (quasigroups with an identity element) with a fixed identity element.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 4, 56, 9408, 16942080, 535281401856, 377597570964258816, 7580721483160132811489280, 5363937773277371298119673540771840
Offset: 1

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Keywords

Comments

A reduced Latin square of order n is an n X n matrix where each row and column is a permutation of 1..n and the first row and column are 1..n in increasing order. - Michael Somos, Mar 12 2011
The Stones-Wanless (2010) paper shows among other things that a(n) is 0 mod n if n is composite and 1 mod n if n is prime.

References

  • L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 183.
  • J. Denes, A. D. Keedwell, editors, Latin Squares: new developments in the theory and applications, Elsevier, 1991, pp. 1, 388.
  • R. A. Fisher and F. Yates, Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. 6th ed., Hafner, NY, 1963, p. 22.
  • C. R. Rao, S. K. Mitra and A. Matthai, editors, Formulae and Tables for Statistical Work. Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta, India, 1966, p. 193.
  • J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 210.
  • H. J. Ryser, Combinatorial Mathematics. Mathematical Association of America, Carus Mathematical Monograph 14, 1963, pp. 37, 53.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • M. B. Wells, Elements of Combinatorial Computing. Pergamon, Oxford, 1971, p. 240.

Crossrefs

Formula

a(n) = A002860(n) / (n! * (n-1)!) = A000479(n) / (n-1)!.

Extensions

Added June 1995: the 10th term was probably first computed by Eric Rogoyski
a(11) (from the McKay-Wanless article) from Richard Bean, Feb 17 2004

A003090 Number of species (or "main classes" or "paratopy classes") of Latin squares of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 12, 147, 283657, 19270853541, 34817397894749939, 2036029552582883134196099
Offset: 1

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Keywords

References

  • F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 231.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Extensions

a(9)-a(10) (from the McKay-Meynert-Myrvold article) from Richard Bean, Feb 17 2004
a(11) from Petteri Kaski (petteri.kaski(AT)cs.helsinki.fi), Sep 18 2009

A000479 Number of 1-factorizations of K_{n,n}.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 24, 1344, 1128960, 12198297600, 2697818265354240, 15224734061278915461120, 2750892211809148994633229926400, 19464657391668924966616671344752852992000
Offset: 0

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Keywords

Comments

Also, number of Latin squares of order n with first row 1,2,...,n.
Also number of fixed diagonal Latin squares of order n. - Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 18 2005
Also maximum number of Latin squares of order n such that no two of them have all the same rows (respectively, columns). - Rick L. Shepherd, Mar 01 2008

References

  • CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs, 1996, p. 660.
  • Denes and Keedwell, Latin Squares and Applications, Academic Press 1974.

Crossrefs

See A040082 and A264603 for other versions.

Formula

a(n) = A000315(n)*(n-1)! = A002860(n)/n!.

Extensions

a(11) (from the McKay-Wanless article) from Richard Bean, Feb 17 2004

A035481 Number of n X n symmetric matrices whose first row is 1..n and whose rows and columns are all permutations of 1..n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 6, 456, 6240, 10936320, 1225566720, 130025295912960, 252282619805368320, 2209617218725251404267520, 98758655816833727741338583040
Offset: 0

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Author

Joshua Zucker and Joe Keane

Keywords

Comments

The odd subsequence is A000438. The even subsequence is A035483.

Examples

			a(3) = 1 because after 123 in the first row and column, 213 is not allowed for the second row, so it must be 231 and thus the third row is 312.
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    (* This script is not suitable for n > 6 *) matrices[n_ /; n > 1] := Module[{a, t, vars}, t = Table[Which[i==1, j, j==1, i, j>i, a[i, j], True, a[j, i]], {i, n}, {j, n}]; vars = Select[Flatten[t], !IntegerQ[#]& ] // Union; t /. {Reduce[And @@ (1 <= # <= n & /@ vars) && And @@ Unequal @@@ t, vars, Integers] // ToRules}]; a[0] = a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Length[ matrices[n]]; Table[an = a[n]; Print["a(", n, ") = ", an]; an, {n, 0, 6}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 04 2016 *)

Extensions

a(10)-a(13) from Ian Wanless, Oct 20 2019

A308853 a(n) is the minimum absolute value of nonzero determinants of order n Latin squares.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 18, 80, 75, 126, 196, 144, 405
Offset: 1

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Keywords

Comments

We apply every symbol permutation on the representatives of isotopic classes to generate Latin squares of order n and calculate the determinants.
These results are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under the grants numbered DMS-1852378 and DMS-1560019.

Examples

			For n=2, the only Latin squares of order 2 are [[1, 2], [2, 1]] and [[2, 1], [1, 2]].  Therefore, the minimum absolute value of the determinants of order 2 Latin squares is 3.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A040082, A301371 (upper bound for maximum determinant of Latin squares of order n), A309258, A309984, A309985.

Programs

  • Sage
    # Takes a string and turns it into a square matrix of order n
    def make_matrix(string,n):
        m = []
        row = []
        for i in range(0,n * n):
            if string[i] == '\n':
                continue
            if string[i] == ' ':
                continue
            row.append(Integer(string[i]) + 1)
            if len(row) == n:
                m.append(row)
                row = []
        return matrix(m)
    # Reads a file and returns a list of the matrices in the file
    def fetch_matrices(file_name,n):
        matrices = []
        with open(file_name) as f:
            L = f.readlines()
        for i in L:
            matrices.append(make_matrix(i,n))
        return matrices
    # Takes a matrix and permutates each symbol in the matrix
    # with the given permutation
    def permute_matrix(matrix, permutation,n):
        copy = deepcopy(matrix)
        for i in range(0, n):
            for j in range(0 , n):
                copy[i,j] = permutation[copy[i][j] - 1]
        return copy
    """
    Creates a determinant list with the following triples,
    [Isotopy Class Representative, Permutation, Determinant]
    The Isotopy class representatives come from a file that
    contains all Isotopy classes.
    """
    def create_determinant_list(file_name,n):
        the_list = []
        permu = (Permutations(n)).list()
        matrices = fetch_matrices(file_name,n)
        for i in range(0,len(matrices)):
            for j in permu:
                copy = permute_matrix(matrices[i],j,n)
                the_list.append([i,j,copy.determinant()])
                print(len(the_list))
        return the_list
    # Froylan Maldonado, Jun 28 2019

Extensions

a(8) from Hugo Pfoertner, Aug 24 2019
a(9) from Hugo Pfoertner, Aug 27 2019

A309985 Maximum determinant of an n X n Latin square.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 18, 160, 2325, 41895, 961772, 26978400, 929587995
Offset: 0

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Author

Hugo Pfoertner, Aug 26 2019

Keywords

Comments

a(n) = A301371(n) for n <= 7. a(8) < A301371(8) = 27296640, a(9) < A301371(9) = 933251220.
a(10) = 36843728625, conjectured. See Stack Exchange link. - Hugo Pfoertner, Sep 29 2019
A328030(n) <= a(n) <= A301371(n). - Hugo Pfoertner, Dec 02 2019
It is unknown, but very likely, that A301371(n) > a(n) also holds for all n > 9 - Hugo Pfoertner, Dec 12 2020

Examples

			An example of an 8 X 8 Latin square with maximum determinant is
  [7  1  3  4  8  2  5  6]
  [1  7  4  3  6  5  2  8]
  [3  4  1  7  2  6  8  5]
  [4  3  7  1  5  8  6  2]
  [8  6  2  5  4  7  1  3]
  [2  5  6  8  7  3  4  1]
  [5  2  8  6  1  4  3  7]
  [6  8  5  2  3  1  7  4].
An example of a 9 X 9 Latin square with maximum determinant is
  [9  4  3  8  1  5  2  6  7]
  [3  9  8  5  4  6  1  7  2]
  [4  1  9  3  2  8  7  5  6]
  [1  2  4  9  7  3  6  8  5]
  [8  3  5  6  9  7  4  2  1]
  [2  7  1  4  6  9  5  3  8]
  [5  8  6  7  3  2  9  1  4]
  [7  6  2  1  5  4  8  9  3]
  [6  5  7  2  8  1  3  4  9].
An example of a 10 X 10 Latin square with abs(determinant) = 36843728625 is a circulant matrix with first row [1, 3, 7, 9, 8, 6, 5, 4, 2, 10], but it is not known if this is the best possible. - _Kebbaj Mohamed Reda_, Nov 27 2019 (reworded by _Hugo Pfoertner_)
		

Crossrefs

Extensions

a(9) from Hugo Pfoertner, Aug 30 2019
a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Oct 02 2019
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