A058891 -id:A058891 - cp's OEIS frontend

A006125 a(n) = 2^(n*(n-1)/2).

1, 1, 2, 8, 64, 1024, 32768, 2097152, 268435456, 68719476736, 35184372088832, 36028797018963968, 73786976294838206464, 302231454903657293676544, 2475880078570760549798248448, 40564819207303340847894502572032, 1329227995784915872903807060280344576

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Number of graphs on n labeled nodes; also number of outcomes of labeled n-team round-robin tournaments.
Number of perfect matchings of order n Aztec diamond. [see Speyer]
Number of Gelfand-Zeitlin patterns with bottom row [1,2,3,...,n]. [Zeilberger]
For n >= 1 a(n) is the size of the Sylow 2-subgroup of the Chevalley group A_n(2) (sequence A002884). - Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Apr 30 2001
From James Propp: (Start)
a(n) is the number of ways to tile the region
           o-----o
           |.....|
        o--o.....o--o
        |...........|
     o--o...........o--o
     |.................|
  o--o.................o--o
  |.......................|
  |.......................|
  |.......................|
  o--o.................o--o
     |.................|
     o--o...........o--o
        |...........|
        o--o.....o--o
           |.....|
           o-----o
(top-to-bottom distance = 2n) with dominoes like either of
  o--o      o-----o
  |..|  or  |.....|
  |..|      o-----o
  |..|
  o--o
(End)
The number of domino tilings in A006253, A004003, A006125 is the number of perfect matchings in the relevant graphs. There are results of Jockusch and Ciucu that if a planar graph has a rotational symmetry then the number of perfect matchings is a square or twice a square - this applies to these 3 sequences. - Dan Fux (dan.fux(AT)OpenGaia.com or danfux(AT)OpenGaia.com), Apr 12 2001
Let M_n denotes the n X n matrix with M_n(i,j)=binomial(2i,j); then det(M_n)=a(n+1). - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 21 2002
Smallest power of 2 which can be expressed as the product of n distinct numbers (powers of 2), e.g., a(4) = 1024 = 2*4*8*16. Also smallest number which can be expressed as the product of n distinct powers. - Amarnath Murthy, Nov 10 2002
The number of binary relations that are both reflexive and symmetric on an n-element set. - Justin Witt (justinmwitt(AT)gmail.com), Jul 12 2005
The number of symmetric binary relations on an (n-1)-element set. - Peter Kagey, Feb 13 2021
To win a game, you must flip n+1 heads in a row, where n is the total number of tails flipped so far. Then the probability of winning for the first time after n tails is A005329 / A006125. The probability of having won before n+1 tails is A114604 / A006125. - Joshua Zucker, Dec 14 2005
a(n) = A126883(n-1)+1. - Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 12 2007
Equals right border of triangle A158474 (unsigned). - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 20 2009
a(n-1) is the number of simple labeled graphs on n nodes such that every node has even degree. - Geoffrey Critzer, Oct 21 2011
a(n+1) is the number of symmetric binary matrices of size n X n. - Nathan J. Russell, Aug 30 2014
Let T_n be the n X n matrix with T_n(i,j) = binomial(2i + j - 3, j-1); then det(T_n) = a(n). - Tony Foster III, Aug 30 2018
k^(n*(n-1)/2) is the determinant of n X n matrix T_(i,j) = binomial(k*i + j - 3, j-1), in this case k=2. - Tony Foster III, May 12 2019
Let B_n be the n+1 X n+1 matrix with B_n(i, j) = Sum_{m=max(0, j-i)..min(j, n-i)} (binomial(i, j-m) * binomial(n-i, m) * (-1)^m), 0<=i,j<=n. Then det B_n = a(n+1). Also, deleting the first row and any column from B_n results in a matrix with determinant a(n). The matrices B_n have the following property: B_n * [x^n, x^(n-1) * y, x^(n-2) * y^2, ..., y^n]^T = [(x-y)^n, (x-y)^(n-1) * (x+y), (x-y)^(n-2) * (x+y)^2, ..., (x+y)^n]^T. - Nicolas Nagel, Jul 02 2019
a(n) is the number of positive definite (-1,1)-matrices of size n X n. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 03 2021
a(n) is the number of binary relations on a labeled n-set that are both total and antisymmetric. - José E. Solsona, Feb 05 2023

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 11 2021: (Start)
This sequence counts labeled graphs on n vertices. For example, the a(0) = 1 through a(2) = 8 graph edge sets are:
  {}  {}  {}    {}
          {12}  {12}
                {13}
                {23}
                {12,13}
                {12,23}
                {13,23}
                {12,13,23}
This sequence also counts labeled graphs with loops on n - 1 vertices. For example, the a(1) = 1 through a(3) = 8 edge sets are the following. A loop is represented as an edge with two equal vertices.
  {}  {}    {}
      {11}  {11}
            {12}
            {22}
            {11,12}
            {11,22}
            {12,22}
            {11,12,22}
(End)

Miklos Bona, editor, Handbook of Enumerative Combinatorics, CRC Press, 2015, page 547 (Fig. 9.7), 573.
G. Everest, A. van der Poorten, I. Shparlinski, and T. Ward, Recurrence Sequences, Amer. Math. Soc., 2003; p. 178.
J. L. Gross and J. Yellen, eds., Handbook of Graph Theory, CRC Press, 2004; p. 517.
F. Harary, Graph Theory. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1969, p. 178.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 3, Eq. (1.1.2).
J. Propp, Enumeration of matchings: problems and progress, in: New perspectives in geometric combinatorics, L. Billera et al., eds., Mathematical Sciences Research Institute series, vol. 38, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
F. Ardila and R. P. Stanley, Tilings, arXiv:math/0501170 [math.CO], 2005.
Paul Barry and Aoife Hennessy, Generalized Narayana Polynomials, Riordan Arrays, and Lattice Paths, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15, 2012, #12.4.8. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 08 2012
Anders Björner and Richard P. Stanley, A combinatorial miscellany, 2010.
Tobias Boege and Thomas Kahle, Construction Methods for Gaussoids, arXiv:1902.11260 [math.CO], 2019.
Taylor Brysiewicz and Fulvio Gesmundo, The Degree of Stiefel Manifolds, arXiv:1909.10085 [math.AG], 2019.
Peter J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
Mihai Ciucu, Perfect matchings of cellular graphs, J. Algebraic Combin., 5 (1996) 87-103.
Mihai Ciucu, Enumeration of perfect matchings in graphs with reflective symmetry, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 77 (1997), no. 1, 67-97.
Thierry de la Rue and Élise Janvresse, Pavages aléatoires par touillage de dominos, Images des Mathématiques, CNRS, 2023. In French.
Noam Elkies, Greg Kuperberg, Michael Larsen, and James Propp, Alternating sign matrices and domino tilings. Part I, Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 1-2, 111-132 (1992).
Noam Elkies, Greg Kuperberg, Michael Larsen, and James Propp, Alternating sign matrices and domino tilings. Part II, Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 1-3, 219-234 (1992).
Sen-Peng Eu and Tung-Shan Fu, A simple proof of the Aztec diamond theorem, arXiv:math/0412041 [math.CO], 2004.
D. Grensing, I. Carlsen, and H.-Chr. Zapp, Some exact results for the dimer problem on plane lattices with non-standard boundaries, Phil. Mag. A, 41:5 (1980), 777-781.
Harald Helfgott and Ira M. Gessel, Enumeration of tilings of diamonds and hexagons with defects, arXiv:math/9810143 [math.CO], 1998.
Aoife Hennessy, A Study of Riordan Arrays with Applications to Continued Fractions, Orthogonal Polynomials and Lattice Paths, Ph. D. Thesis, Waterford Institute of Technology, Oct. 2011.
Pakawut Jiradilok, Some Combinatorial Formulas Related to Diagonal Ramsey Numbers, arXiv:2404.02714 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 19.
William Jockusch, Perfect matchings and perfect squares J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 67 (1994), no. 1, 100-115.
Eric H. Kuo, Applications of graphical condensation for enumerating matchings and tilings, Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 319, No. 1-3 (2004), pp. 29-57, arXiv preprint, arXiv:math/0304090 [math.CO], 2003.
C. L. Mallows & N. J. A. Sloane, Emails, May 1991
W. H. Mills, David P. Robbins, and Howard Rumsey, Jr., Alternating sign matrices and descending plane partitions, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 34 (1983), 340-359.
Götz Pfeiffer, Counting Transitive Relations, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 7 (2004), Article 04.3.2.
James Propp, Enumeration of matchings: problems and progress, in L. J. Billera et al. (eds.), New Perspectives in Algebraic Combinatorics
James Propp, Enumeration of matchings: problems and progress, arXiv:math/9904150 [math.CO], 1999.
James Propp, Lessons I learned from Richard Stanley, arXiv preprint [math.CO], 2015.
James Propp and R. P. Stanley, Domino tilings with barriers, arXiv:math/9801067 [math.CO], 1998.
Steven S. Skiena, Generating graphs.
David E. Speyer, Perfect matchings and the octahedron recurrence, Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics, Vol. 25, No. 3 (2007), pp. 309-348, arXiv preprint, arXiv:math/0402452 [math.CO], 2004.
Jan Tóth and Ondřej Kuželka, Complexity of Weighted First-Order Model Counting in the Two-Variable Fragment with Counting Quantifiers: A Bound to Beat, arXiv:2404.12905 [cs.LO], 2024. See p. 24.
Herman Tulleken, Polyominoes 2.2: How they fit together, (2019).
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Connected Graph.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Labeled Graph.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Symmetric Matrix.
Doron Zeilberger, Dave Robbins's Art of Guessing, Adv. in Appl. Math. 34 (2005), 939-954.
Index entries for sequences related to dominoes

Cf. A000568 for the unlabeled analog, A053763, A006253, A004003.
Cf. A001187 (connected labeled graphs).
Cf. A095340, A103904, A005329, A114604, A299998.
Cf. A158474. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 20 2009
Cf. A136652 (log). - Paul D. Hanna, Dec 04 2009
The unlabeled version is A000088, or A002494 without isolated vertices.
The directed version is A002416.
The covering case is A006129.
The version for hypergraphs is A058891, or A016031 without singletons.
Row sums of A143543.
The case of connected edge set is A287689.
Cf. A000169, A000295, A036442, A059167, A100743, A136284, A327078.

[2^(n*(n-1) `div` 2) | n <- [0..20]] -- José E. Solsona, Feb 05 2023

[2^(n*(n-1) div 2): n in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 03 2019

Join[{1}, 2^Accumulate[Range[0, 20]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 09 2013 *)
Table[2^(n (n - 1) / 2), {n, 0, 20}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 03 2019 *)
Table[2^Binomial[n, 2], {n, 0, 15}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 03 2021 *)
2^Binomial[Range[0, 15], 2] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 03 2021 *)
Prepend[Table[Count[Tuples[{0, 1}, {n, n}], ?SymmetricMatrixQ], {n, 5}], 1] (* _Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 03 2021 *)
Prepend[Table[Count[Tuples[{-1, 1}, {n, n}], ?PositiveDefiniteMatrixQ], 1], {n, 4}] (* _Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 03 2021 *)

A006125(n):=2^(n*(n-1)/2)$ makelist(A006125(n), n, 0, 30); /* Martin Ettl, Oct 24 2012 */

a(n)=1<Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 15 2011

def A006125(n): return 1<<(n*(n-1)>>1) # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 09 2023

Sequence is given by the Hankel transform of A001003 (Schroeder's numbers) = 1, 1, 3, 11, 45, 197, 903, ...; example: det([1, 1, 3, 11; 1, 3, 11, 45; 3, 11, 45, 197; 11, 45, 197, 903]) = 2^6 = 64. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 02 2004
a(n) = 2^floor(n^2/2)/2^floor(n/2). - Paul Barry, Oct 04 2004
G.f. satisfies: A(x) = 1 + x*A(2x). - Paul D. Hanna, Dec 04 2009
a(n) = 2 * a(n-1)^2 / a(n-2). - Michael Somos, Dec 30 2012
G.f.: G(0)/x - 1/x, where G(k) = 1 + 2^(k-1)*x/(1 - 1/(1 + 1/G(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jul 26 2013
E.g.f. satisfies A'(x) = A(2x). - Geoffrey Critzer, Sep 07 2013
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = A299998. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 27 2020
a(n) = s_lambda(1,1,...,1) where s is the Schur polynomial in n variables and lambda is the partition (n,n-1,n-2,...,1). - Leonid Bedratyuk, Feb 06 2022
a(n) = Product_{1 <= j <= i <= n-1}  (i + j)/(2*i - 2*j + 1). Cf. A007685.  - Peter Bala, Oct 25 2024

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 09 2000

A000612 Number of P-equivalence classes of switching functions of n or fewer variables, divided by 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 6, 40, 1992, 18666624, 12813206169137152, 33758171486592987164087845043830784, 1435913805026242504952006868879460423834904914948818373264705576411070464

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Also number of nonisomorphic sets of nonempty subsets of an n-set.
Equivalently, number of nonisomorphic fillings of a Venn diagram of n sets. - Joerg Arndt, Mar 24 2020
Number of hypergraphs on n unlabeled nodes. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 06 2021

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(2) = 6 set-systems are 0, {1}, {12}, {1}{2}, {1}{12}, {1}{2}{12}. - _Gus Wiseman_, Aug 07 2018

M. A. Harrison, Introduction to Switching and Automata Theory. McGraw Hill, NY, 1965, p. 153.
S. Muroga, Threshold Logic and Its Applications. Wiley, NY, 1971, p. 38 Table 2.3.2. - Row 5.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..12
M. A. Harrison, The number of equivalence classes of Boolean functions under groups containing negation, IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput. 12 (1963), 559-561.
M. A. Harrison, The number of equivalence classes of Boolean functions under groups containing negation, IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput. 12 (1963), 559-561. [Annotated scanned copy]
Geon Lee, Seokbum Yoon, Jihoon Ko, Hyunju Kim, and Kijung Shin, Hypergraph Motifs and Their Extensions Beyond Binary, arXiv:2310.15668 [cs.SI], 2023.
Peter H. van der Kamp, Hypergraphs and homogeneous Lotka-Volterra systems with linear Darboux polynomials, arXiv:2411.18264 [nlin.SI], 2024. See p. 4.
Wikipedia, Venn diagram
Index entries for sequences related to Boolean functions

a(n) = A003180(n)/2.

Cf. A007716, A055621, A058891, A283877, A300913, A306005, A317533, A317757.

a:= n-> add(1/(p-> mul((c-> j^c*c!)(coeff(p, x, j)), j=1..degree(p)))(
        add(x^i, i=l))*2^((w-> add(mul(2^igcd(t, l[i]), i=1..nops(l)),
        t=1..w)/w)(ilcm(l[]))), l=combinat[partition](n))/2:
seq(a(n), n=0..9);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 12 2019

sysnorm[{}] := {};sysnorm[m_]:=If[Union@@m!=Range[Max@@Flatten[m]],sysnorm[m/.Rule@@@Table[{(Union@@m)[[i]],i},{i,Length[Union@@m]}]],First[Sort[sysnorm[m,1]]]];sysnorm[m_,aft_]:=If[Length[Union@@m]<=aft,{m},With[{mx=Table[Count[m,i,{2}],{i,Select[Union@@m,#>=aft&]}]},Union@@(sysnorm[#,aft+1]&/@Union[Table[Map[Sort,m/.{par+aft-1->aft,aft->par+aft-1},{0,1}],{par,First/@Position[mx,Max[mx]]}]])]];
Table[Length[Union[sysnorm/@Subsets[Rest[Subsets[Range[n]]]]]],{n,4}] (* Gus Wiseman, Aug 07 2018 *)
a[n_] := Sum[1/Function[p, Product[Function[c, j^c*c!][Coefficient[p, x, j]], {j, 1, Exponent[p, x]}]][Total[x^l]]*2^(Function[w, Sum[Product[2^GCD[t, l[[i]]], {i, 1, Length[l]}], {t, 1, w}]/w][If[l=={}, 1, LCM @@ l]]), {l, IntegerPartitions[n]}]/2;
a /@ Range[0, 9] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 04 2020, after Alois P. Heinz *)

def partition(n, I=1):
  yield () if n==0 else (n,)
  for i in range(I, n//2 + 1):
    for p in partition(n-i, i):
      yield (i,) + p
def a(n):
  import math, operator, functools
  fracs = [(1<<(sum(functools.reduce(operator.mul, (1<Gregory Morse, Dec 23 2024

a(n) = A003180(n)/2.

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 23 2000

A055621 Number of covers of an unlabeled n-set.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 34, 1952, 18664632, 12813206150470528, 33758171486592987151274638874693632, 1435913805026242504952006868879460423801146743462225386100617731367239680

Offset: 0

Vladeta Jovovic, Jun 04 2000

			There are 4 nonisomorphic covers of {1,2}, namely {{1},{2}}, {{1,2}}, {{1},{1,2}} and {{1},{2},{1,2}}.
From _Gus Wiseman_, Aug 14 2019: (Start)
Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(3) = 34 covers:
  {123}  {1}{23}    {1}{2}{3}      {1}{2}{3}{23}
         {13}{23}   {1}{3}{23}     {1}{2}{13}{23}
         {3}{123}   {2}{13}{23}    {1}{2}{3}{123}
         {23}{123}  {2}{3}{123}    {2}{3}{13}{23}
                    {3}{13}{23}    {1}{3}{23}{123}
                    {12}{13}{23}   {2}{3}{23}{123}
                    {1}{23}{123}   {3}{12}{13}{23}
                    {3}{23}{123}   {2}{13}{23}{123}
                    {13}{23}{123}  {3}{13}{23}{123}
                                   {12}{13}{23}{123}
.
  {1}{2}{3}{13}{23}     {1}{2}{3}{12}{13}{23}    {1}{2}{3}{12}{13}{23}{123}
  {1}{2}{3}{23}{123}    {1}{2}{3}{13}{23}{123}
  {2}{3}{12}{13}{23}    {2}{3}{12}{13}{23}{123}
  {1}{2}{13}{23}{123}
  {2}{3}{13}{23}{123}
  {3}{12}{13}{23}{123}
(End)

F. Bergeron, G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Combinatorial Species and Tree-Like Structures, Cambridge, 1998, p. 78 (2.3.39)

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..12
Heller, Jürgen Identifiability in probabilistic knowledge structures. J. Math. Psychol. 77, 46-57 (2017).
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Cover

Unlabeled set-systems are A000612 (partial sums).
The version with empty edges allowed is A003181.
The labeled version is A003465.
The T_0 case is A319637.
The connected case is A323819.
The T_1 case is A326974.
Cf. A058891, A319559, A326946, A326973.

b:= proc(n, i, l) `if`(n=0, 2^(w-> add(mul(2^igcd(t, l[h]),
      h=1..nops(l)), t=1..w)/w)(ilcm(l[])), `if`(i<1, 0,
      add(b(n-i*j, i-1, [l[], i$j])/j!/i^j, j=0..n/i)))
    end:
a:= n-> `if`(n=0, 2, b(n$2, [])-b(n-1$2, []))/2:
seq(a(n), n=0..8);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 14 2019

b[n_, i_, l_] := b[n, i, l] = If[n==0, 2^Function[w, Sum[Product[2^GCD[t, l[[h]]], {h, 1, Length[l]}], {t, 1, w}]/w][If[l=={}, 1, LCM@@l]], If[i<1, 0, Sum[b[n-i*j, i-1, Join[l, Table[i, {j}]]]/j!/i^j, {j, 0, n/i}]]];
a[n_] := If[n==0, 2, b[n, n, {}] - b[n-1, n-1, {}]]/2;
a /@ Range[0, 8] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 31 2020, after Alois P. Heinz *)

a(n) = (A003180(n) - A003180(n-1))/2 = A000612(n) - A000612(n-1) for n>0.

Euler transform of A323819. - Gus Wiseman, Aug 14 2019

More terms from David Moews (dmoews(AT)xraysgi.ims.uconn.edu) Jul 04 2002

a(0) = 1 prepended by Gus Wiseman, Aug 14 2019

A133686 Number of labeled n-node graphs with at most one cycle in each connected component.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 8, 57, 608, 8524, 145800, 2918123, 66617234, 1704913434, 48300128696, 1499864341015, 50648006463048, 1847622972848648, 72406232075624192, 3033607843748296089, 135313823447621913500, 6402077421524339766058, 320237988317922139148736

Offset: 0

Washington Bomfim, May 12 2008

The total number of those graphs of order 5 is 608. The number of forests of trees on n labeled nodes of order 5 is 291, so the majority of the graphs of that kind have one or more unicycles.

Also the number of labeled graphs with n vertices satisfying a strict version of the axiom of choice. The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once. The connected case is A129271, complement A140638. The unlabeled version is A134964. - Gus Wiseman, Dec 22 2023

			Below we see the 7 partitions of n=5 in the form c_1 + 2c_2 + ... + nc_n followed by the corresponding number of graphs. We consider the values of A129271(j) given by the table
   j|1|2|3| 4|  5|
----+-+-+-+--+---+
a(j)|1|1|4|31|347|
1*5 -> 5!1^5 / (1!^5 * 5!) = 1
2*1 + 1*3 -> 5!1^1 * 1^3 / (2!^1 * 1! * 1!^3 * 3!) = 10
2*2 + 1*1 -> 5!1^2 * 1^1 / (2!^2 * 2! * 1!^1 * 1!) = 15
3*1 + 1*2 -> 5!4^1 * 1^2 / (3!^1 * 1! * 1!^2 * 2!) = 40
3*1 + 2*1 -> 5!4^1 * 1^1 / (3!^1 * 1! * 2!^1 * 1!) = 40
4*1 + 1*1 -> 5!31^1 * 1^1 / (4!^1 * 1! * 1!^1 * 1!) = 155
5*1 -> 5!347^1 / (5!^1 * 1!) = 347
Total 608

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..386
Wikipedia, Pseudoforest

Cf. A129137, A005703, A000272, A057500, A137916, A001858.
Row sums of triangle A144228. - Alois P. Heinz, Sep 15 2008
Cf. A137352. - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 16 2008
The unlabeled version is A134964.
The complement is counted by A367867, covering A367868, connected A140638.
The covering case is A367869, connected A129271.
For set-systems we have A367902, ranks A367906.
The complement for set-systems is A367903, ranks A367907.
A006125 counts graphs, A000088 unlabeled.
A006129 counts covering graphs, A002494 unlabeled.
A143543 counts graphs by number of connected components.
Cf. A001187, A058891, A116508, A355740, A367769, A367770, A367863, A367901.

cy:= proc(n) option remember; binomial(n-1, 2)*
        add((n-3)!/(n-2-t)! *n^(n-2-t), t=1..n-2)
     end:
T:= proc(n,k) option remember;
      if k=0 then 1
    elif k<0 or n add(T(n,k), k=0..n):
seq(a(n), n=0..20); # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 15 2008

nn=20;t=Sum[n^(n-1)x^n/n!,{n,1,nn}];Range[0,nn]!CoefficientList[ Series[ Exp[t/2-3t^2/4]/(1-t)^(1/2),{x,0,nn}],x] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Sep 05 2012 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n], {2}]],Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]!={}&]],{n,0,5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Dec 22 2023 *)

x='x+O('x^50); Vec(serlaplace(sqrt(-lambertw(-x)/(x*(1+ lambertw(-x))))*exp(-(3/4)*lambertw(-x)^2))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Nov 16 2017

a(0) = 1; for n >=1, a(n) = Sum of n!prod_{j=1}^n\{ frac{ A129271(j)^{c_j} } { j!^{c_j}c_j! } } over all the partitions of n, c_1 + 2c_2 + ... + nc_n; c_1, c_2, ..., c_n >= 0.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A144228(n,k). - Alois P. Heinz, Sep 15 2008
E.g.f.: sqrt(-LambertW(-x)/(x*(1+LambertW(-x))))*exp(-3/4 * LambertW(-x)^2). - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 16 2008
E.g.f.: A(x)*B(x) where A(x) is the e.g.f. for A137916 and B(x) is the e.g.f. for A001858. - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 23 2013
a(n) ~ 2^(-1/4) * Gamma(3/4) * exp(-1/4) * n^(n-1/4) / sqrt(Pi) * (1-7*Pi/(12*Gamma(3/4)^2*sqrt(n))). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 08 2013
E.g.f.: exp(B(x) - 1) where B(x) is the e.g.f. of A129271. - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 30 2023

Corrected and extended by Alois P. Heinz and Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 15 2008

A014466 Dedekind numbers: monotone Boolean functions, or nonempty antichains of subsets of an n-set.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 5, 19, 167, 7580, 7828353, 2414682040997, 56130437228687557907787, 286386577668298411128469151667598498812365

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

A monotone Boolean function is an increasing functions from P(S), the set of subsets of S, to {0,1}.
The count of antichains includes the antichain consisting of only the empty set, but excludes the empty antichain.
Also counts bases of hereditary systems.
Also antichains of nonempty subsets of an n-set. The unlabeled case is A306505. The spanning case is A307249. This sequence has a similar description to A305000 except that the singletons must be disjoint from the other edges. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 20 2019
a(n) is the total number of hierarchical log-linear models on n labeled factors (categorical variables). See Wickramasinghe (2008) and Nardi and Rinaldo (2012). - Petros Hadjicostas, Apr 08 2020
From Lorenzo Sauras Altuzarra, Apr 02 2023: (Start)
a(n) is the number of labeled abstract simplicial complexes on n vertices.
A058673(n) <= a(n) <= A058891(n+1). (End)

			a(2)=5 from the antichains {{}}, {{1}}, {{2}}, {{1,2}}, {{1},{2}}.
From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 20 2019: (Start)
The a(0) = 1 through a(3) = 19 antichains:
  {{}}  {{}}   {{}}      {{}}
        {{1}}  {{1}}     {{1}}
               {{2}}     {{2}}
               {{12}}    {{3}}
               {{1}{2}}  {{12}}
                         {{13}}
                         {{23}}
                         {{123}}
                         {{1}{2}}
                         {{1}{3}}
                         {{2}{3}}
                         {{1}{23}}
                         {{2}{13}}
                         {{3}{12}}
                         {{12}{13}}
                         {{12}{23}}
                         {{13}{23}}
                         {{1}{2}{3}}
                         {{12}{13}{23}}
(End)
From _Lorenzo Sauras Altuzarra_, Apr 02 2023: (Start)
The 19 sets E such that ({1, 2, 3}, E) is an abstract simplicial complex:
  {}
  {{1}}
  {{2}}
  {{3}}
  {{1}, {2}}
  {{1}, {3}}
  {{2}, {3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {1, 2}}
  {{1}, {3}, {1, 3}}
  {{2}, {3}, {2, 3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}, {2, 3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}}
  {{1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}}
(End)

I. Anderson, Combinatorics of Finite Sets. Oxford Univ. Press, 1987, p. 38.
Jorge Luis Arocha, "Antichains in ordered sets" [ In Spanish ]. Anales del Instituto de Matematicas de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 27: 1-21 (1987).
J. Berman, "Free spectra of 3-element algebras," in R. S. Freese and O. C. Garcia, editors, Universal Algebra and Lattice Theory (Puebla, 1982), Lect. Notes Math. Vol. 1004, 1983.
G. Birkhoff, Lattice Theory. American Mathematical Society, Colloquium Publications, Vol. 25, 3rd ed., Providence, RI, 1967, p. 63.
L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 273.
J. Dezert, Fondations pour une nouvelle théorie du raisonnement plausible et paradoxal (la DSmT), Tech. Rep. 1/06769 DTIM, ONERA, Paris, page 33, January 2003.
J. Dezert, F. Smarandache, On the generating of hyper-powersets for the DSmT, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Fusion, Cairns, Australia, 2003.
M. A. Harrison, Introduction to Switching and Automata Theory. McGraw Hill, NY, 1965, p. 188.
W. F. Lunnon, The IU function: the size of a free distributive lattice, pp. 173-181 of D. J. A. Welsh, editor, Combinatorial Mathematics and Its Applications. Academic Press, NY, 1971.
S. Muroga, Threshold Logic and Its Applications. Wiley, NY, 1971, p. 38 and 214.
D. B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, NJ, 2001, p. 349.

Guillermo Alesandroni and Sungjin Kim, The probability that the Taylor resolution of a monomial ideal is minimal, J. Comm. Alg., 2024. See p. 3.
K. Atanassov, On Some of Smarandache's Problems.
K. S. Brown, Dedekind's problem.
Winfried Bruns, Pedro A. García-Sánchez, and Luca Moci, The monoid of monotone functions on a poset and arithmetic multiplicities for uniform matroids, arXiv:1902.00864 [math.CO], 2019.
Donald E. Campbell, Jack Graver, and Jerry S. Kelly, There are more strategy-proof procedures than you think, Mathematical Social Sciences 64 (2012) 263-265. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 23 2012
David Carey and Mordechai Katzman, Stanley-Reisner Ideals with Pure Resolutions, arXiv:2409.05481 [math.AC], 2024. See p. 52.
Fan Cheng, Optimality of routing on the wiretap network with simple network topology, Information Theory (ISIT), 2014 IEEE International Symposium on, June 29 2014-July 4 2014 Page(s): 786 - 790 INSPEC Accession Number: 14524545 Honolulu, HI.
Fan Cheng and Vincent Y. F. Tan, A Numerical Study on the Wiretap Network with a Simple Network Topology, arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.02862 [cs.IT], 2015.
Jean Dezert, Foundations for a new theory for plausible and paradoxical reasoning, Tech. Rep. DTIM/IED, ONERA, Paris, pp. 14-15, 2002.
Jean Dezert, Combination of paradoxical sources of information within the neutrosophic framework, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophics (2001).
J. L. King, Brick tiling and monotone Boolean functions.
J. L. King, A change-of-coordinates from Geometry to Algebra applied to brick tilings, arXiv:math/9809176 [math.CO], 1998.
D. J. Kleitman, On Dedekind's problem: The number of monotone Boolean functions, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 21 (1969), 677-682.
D. J. Kleitman and G. Markowsky, On Dedekind's problem: the number of isotone Boolean functions. II, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 213 (1975), 373-390.
Y. Nardi and A. Rinaldo, The log-linear group-lasso estimator and its asymptotic properties, Bernoulli 18(3) (2012), 945-974; see Table 2 on p. 954.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Antichain.
R. I. P. Wickramasinghe, Topics in log-linear models, Master of Science thesis in Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 2008. [For n = 2, the a(2) = 5 hierarchical log-linear models on two factors X and Y appear on p. 18. For n = 3, the a(3) = 19 hierarchical log-linear models on three factors X, Y, and Z, appear on p. 36. - _Petros Hadjicostas_, Apr 08 2020]
D. H. Wiedemann, A computation of the eighth Dedekind number, Order 8 (1991) 5-6.
Wikipedia, Abstract simplicial complex.
Gus Wiseman, Sequences enumerating clutters, antichains, hypertrees, and hyperforests, organized by labeling, spanning, and allowance of singletons.
Index entries for sequences related to Boolean functions

Equals A000372 - 1 = A007153 + 1.

Cf. A003182, A005465, A006126, A006602, A058673 (labeled matroids), A058891 (labeled hypergraphs), A261005, A293606, A304996, A305000, A306505, A307249, A317674, A319721, A320449, A321679.

nn=5;
stableSets[u_,Q_]:=If[Length[u]===0,{{}},With[{w=First[u]},Join[stableSets[DeleteCases[u,w],Q],Prepend[#,w]&/@stableSets[DeleteCases[u,r_/;r===w||Q[r,w]||Q[w,r]],Q]]]];
Table[Length[stableSets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,n}],SubsetQ]],{n,0,nn}] (* Gus Wiseman, Feb 20 2019 *)
A[s_Integer] := With[{s6 = StringPadLeft[ToString[s], 6, "0"]}, Cases[ Import["https://oeis.org/A" <> s6 <> "/b" <> s6 <> ".txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]]];
A@372 - 1 (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 07 2020 *)

Binomial transform of A307249 (or A006126 if its zeroth term is 1). - Gus Wiseman, Feb 20 2019

a(n) >= A005465(n) (because the hierarchical log-linear models on n factors always include all the conditional independence models considered by I. J. Good in A005465). - Petros Hadjicostas, Apr 24 2020

Last term from D. H. Wiedemann, personal communication.
Additional comments from Michael Somos, Jun 10 2002
Term a(9) (using A000372) from Joerg Arndt, Apr 07 2023

A003024 Number of acyclic digraphs (or DAGs) with n labeled nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 25, 543, 29281, 3781503, 1138779265, 783702329343, 1213442454842881, 4175098976430598143, 31603459396418917607425, 521939651343829405020504063, 18676600744432035186664816926721, 1439428141044398334941790719839535103, 237725265553410354992180218286376719253505

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Also the number of n X n real (0,1)-matrices with all eigenvalues positive. - Conjectured by Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 10 2003 and proved by McKay et al. 2003, 2004
Also the number of n X n real (0,1)-matrices with permanent equal to 1, up to permutation of rows/columns, cf. A089482. - Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 28 2009
Also the number of nilpotent elements in the semigroup of binary relations on [n]. - Geoffrey Critzer, May 26 2022
From Gus Wiseman, Jan 01 2024: (Start)
Also the number of sets of n nonempty subsets of {1..n} such that there is a unique way to choose a different element from each. For example, non-isomorphic representatives of the a(3) = 25 set-systems are:
  {{1},{2},{3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{1,2},{1,3}}
  {{1},{1,2},{2,3}}
  {{1},{1,2},{1,2,3}}
These set-systems have ranks A367908, subset of A367906, for multisets A368101.
The version for no ways is A368600, any length A367903, ranks A367907.
The version for at least one way is A368601, any length A367902.
(End)

			For n = 2 the three (0,1)-matrices are {{{1, 0}, {0, 1}}, {{1, 0}, {1, 1}}, {{1, 1}, {0, 1}}}.

Archer, K., Gessel, I. M., Graves, C., & Liang, X. (2020). Counting acyclic and strong digraphs by descents. Discrete Mathematics, 343(11), 112041.
S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, p. 310.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 19, Eq. (1.6.1).
R. W. Robinson, Counting labeled acyclic digraphs, pp. 239-273 of F. Harary, editor, New Directions in the Theory of Graphs. Academic Press, NY, 1973.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
R. P Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics I, 2nd. ed., p. 322.

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..77 (first 41 terms from T. D. Noe)
T. E. Allen, J. Goldsmith, and N. Mattei, Counting, Ranking, and Randomly Generating CP-nets, 2014.
Huantian Cao, AutoGF: An Automated System to Calculate Coefficients of Generating Functions, thesis, 2002.
Huantian Cao, AutoGF: An Automated System to Calculate Coefficients of Generating Functions, thesis, 2002 [Local copy, with permission]
Eunice Y.-J. Chen, A. Choi, and A. Darwiche, On Pruning with the MDL Score, JMLR: Workshop and Conference Proceedings vol 52, 98-109, 2016.
S. Engstrom, Random acyclic orientations of graphs, Master's thesis written at the department of Mathematics at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Jan. 2013.
Zehao Jin, Mario Pasquato, Benjamin L. Davis, Tristan Deleu, Yu Luo, Changhyun Cho, Pablo Lemos, Laurence Perreault-Levasseur, Yoshua Bengio, Xi Kang, Andrea Valerio Maccio, and Yashar Hezaveh, A Data-driven Discovery of the Causal Connection between Galaxy and Black Hole Evolution, arXiv:2410.00965 [astro-ph.GA], 2024. See p. 33.
Zehao Jin, Mario Pasquato, Benjamin L. Davis, Andrea V. Macciò, and Yashar Hezaveh, Beyond Causal Discovery for Astronomy: Learning Meaningful Representations with Independent Component Analysis, arXiv:2410.14775 [astro-ph.GA], 2024. See pp. 2, 4, 10.
Zehao Jin, Mario Pasquato, Benjamin L. Davis, Tristan Deleu, Yu Luo, Changhyun Cho, Pablo Lemos, Laurence Perreault-Levasseur, Yoshua Bengio, and Xi Kang, Causal Discovery in Astrophysics: Unraveling Supermassive Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution, Astrophys. J. (2025) Vol. 979, 212. See 4.1.
P. L. Krapivsky, Hiring Strategies, arXiv:2412.10490 [cs.GT], 2024. See p. 12.
Qipeng Kuang, Ondřej Kuželka, Yuanhong Wang, and Yuyi Wang, Bridging Weighted First Order Model Counting and Graph Polynomials, arXiv:2407.11877 [cs.LO], 2024. See p. 33.
Jack Kuipers and Giusi Moffa, Uniform generation of random acyclic digraphs, arXiv preprint arXiv:1202.6590 [stat.CO], 2012. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Sep 14 2012
Laphou Lao, Zecheng Li, Songlin Hou, Bin Xiao, Songtao Guo, and Yuanyuan Yang, A Survey of IoT Applications in Blockchain Systems: Architecture, Consensus and Traffic Modeling, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR, 2020) Vol. 53, No. 1, Article No. 18.
Tobias Ellegaard Larsen, Claus Thorn Ekstrøm, and Anne Helby Petersen, Score-Based Causal Discovery with Temporal Background Information, arXiv:2502.06232 [stat.ME], 2025. See p. 9.
Daniel Mallia, Towards an Unsupervised Bayesian Network Pipeline for Explainable Prediction, Decision Making and Discovery, Master's Thesis, CUNY Hunter College (2023).
B. D. McKay, F. E. Oggier, G. F. Royle, N. J. A. Sloane, I. M. Wanless and H. S. Wilf, Acyclic digraphs and eigenvalues of (0,1)-matrices, J. Integer Sequences, 7 (2004), #04.3.3.
B. D. McKay, F. E. Oggier, G. F. Royle, N. J. A. Sloane, I. M. Wanless and H. S. Wilf, Acyclic digraphs and eigenvalues of (0,1)-matrices, arXiv:math/0310423 [math.CO], Oct 28 2003.
A. Motzek and R. Möller, Exploiting Innocuousness in Bayesian Networks, Preprint 2015.
Yisu Peng, Y. Jiang, and P. Radivojac, Enumerating consistent subgraphs of directed acyclic graphs: an insight into biomedical ontologies, arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.09679 [cs.DS], 2017.
J. Peters, J. Mooij, D. Janzing, and B. Schölkopf, Causal Discovery with Continuous Additive Noise Models, arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.6779 [stat.ML], 2013.
R. W. Robinson, Enumeration of acyclic digraphs, Manuscript. (Annotated scanned copy)
V. I. Rodionov, On the number of labeled acyclic digraphs, Disc. Math. 105 (1-3) (1992) 319-321
I. Shpitser, T. S. Richardson, J. M. Robins and R. Evans, Parameter and Structure Learning in Nested Markov Models, arXiv preprint arXiv:1207.5058 [stat.ML], 2012.
I. Shpitser, R. J. Evans, T. S. Richardson, and J. M. Robins, Introduction to nested Markov models, Behaviormetrika, Behaviormetrika Vol. 41, No. 1, 2014, 3-39.
R. P. Stanley, Acyclic orientation of graphs, Discrete Math. 5 (1973), 171-178. North Holland Publishing Company.
Christian Toth, Christian Knoll, Franz Pernkopf, and Robert Peharz, Rao-Blackwellising Bayesian Causal Inference, arXiv:2402.14781 [cs.LG], 2024.
Sumanth Varambally, Yi-An Ma, and Rose Yu, Discovering Mixtures of Structural Causal Models from Time Series Data, arXiv:2310.06312 [cs.LG], 2023.
S. Wagner, Asymptotic enumeration of extensional acyclic digraphs, in Proceedings of the SIAM Meeting on Analytic Algorithmics and Combinatorics (ANALCO12).
Daniel Waxman, Kurt Butler, and Petar M. Djuric, Dagma-DCE: Interpretable, Non-Parametric Differentiable Causal Discovery, arXiv:2401.02930 [cs.LG], 2024.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, (0,1)-Matrix
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Acyclic Digraph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Positive Eigenvalued Matrix
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Weisstein's Conjecture
Jun Wu and Mathias Drton, Partial Homoscedasticity in Causal Discovery with Linear Models, arXiv:2308.08959 [math.ST], 2023.
Chris Ying, Enumerating Unique Computational Graphs via an Iterative Graph Invariant, arXiv:1902.06192 [cs.DM], 2019.
Index entries for sequences related to binary matrices

Cf. A086510, A081064 (refined by # arcs), A307049 (by # descents).
Cf. A055165, which counts nonsingular {0, 1} matrices and A085656, which counts positive definite {0, 1} matrices.
Cf. A188457, A135079, A137435 (acyclic 3-multidigraphs), A188490.
For a unique sink we have A003025.
The unlabeled version is A003087.
These are the reverse-alternating sums of rows of A046860.
The weakly connected case is A082402.
A reciprocal version is A334282.
Row sums of A361718.
Cf. A003465, A058877, A058891, A059201, A088957, A133686, A323818.

p:=evalf(solve(sum((-1)^n*x^n/(n!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)), n=0..infinity) = 0, x), 50); M:=evalf(sum((-1)^(n+1)*p^n/((n-1)!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)), n=1..infinity), 40); # program for evaluation of constants p and M in the asymptotic formula, Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 09 2013

a[0] = a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = Sum[ -(-1)^k * Binomial[n, k] * 2^(k*(n-k)) * a[n-k], {k, 1, n}]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 13}](* Jean-François Alcover, May 21 2012, after PARI *)
Table[2^(n*(n-1)/2)*n! * SeriesCoefficient[1/Sum[(-1)^k*x^k/k!/2^(k*(k-1)/2),{k,0,n}],{x,0,n}],{n,0,20}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, May 19 2015 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n]],{n}],Length[Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]]==1&]],{n,0,5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Jan 01 2024 *)

a(n)=if(n<1,n==0,sum(k=1,n,-(-1)^k*binomial(n,k)*2^(k*(n-k))*a(n-k)))

{a(n)=polcoeff(1-sum(k=0, n-1, a(k)*x^k/(1+2^k*x+x*O(x^n))^(k+1)), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Oct 17 2009

a(0) = 1; for n > 0, a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(k+1)*C(n, k)*2^(k*(n-k))*a(n-k).
1 = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*exp(-2^n*x)*x^n/n!. - Vladeta Jovovic, Jun 05 2005
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(n-k)*A046860(n,k) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(n-k)*k!*A058843(n,k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jun 20 2008
1 = Sum_{n=>0} a(n)*x^n/(1 + 2^n*x)^(n+1). - Paul D. Hanna, Oct 17 2009
1 = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*C(n+m-1,n)*x^n/(1 + 2^n*x)^(n+m) for m>=1. - Paul D. Hanna, Apr 01 2011
log(1+x) = Sum_{n>=1} a(n)*(x^n/n)/(1 + 2^n*x)^n. - Paul D. Hanna, Apr 01 2011
Let E(x) = Sum_{n >= 0} x^n/(n!*2^C(n,2)). Then a generating function for this sequence is 1/E(-x) = Sum_{n >= 0} a(n)*x^n/(n!*2^C(n,2)) = 1 + x + 3*x^2/(2!*2) + 25*x^3/(3!*2^3) + 543*x^4/(4!*2^6) + ... (Stanley). Cf. A188457. - Peter Bala, Apr 01 2013
a(n) ~ n!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)/(M*p^n), where p = 1.488078545599710294656246... is the root of the equation Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n*p^n/(n!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)) = 0, and M = Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)*p^n/((n-1)!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)) = 0.57436237330931147691667... Both references to the article "Acyclic digraphs and eigenvalues of (0,1)-matrices" give the wrong value M=0.474! - Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 09 2013 [Response from N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 11 2013: The value 0.474 has a typo, it should have been 0.574. The value was taken from Stanley's 1973 paper.]
exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n ) = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 10*x^3 + 146*x^4 + 6010*x^5 + ... appears to have integer coefficients (cf. A188490). - Peter Bala, Jan 14 2016

A367903 Number of sets of nonempty subsets of {1..n} contradicting a strict version of the axiom of choice.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 67, 30997, 2147296425, 9223372036784737528, 170141183460469231731687303625772608225, 57896044618658097711785492504343953926634992332820282019728791606173188627779

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Dec 05 2023

The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.

			The a(2) = 1 set-system is {{1},{2},{1,2}}.
The a(3) = 67 set-systems have following 21 non-isomorphic representatives:
  {{1},{2},{1,2}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{1,2},{1,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{1,2},{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}
  {{1},{2},{3},{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{1,2,3}}

Wikipedia, Axiom of choice.

Multisets of multisets of this type are ranked by A355529.
The version without singletons is A367769.
The version for simple graphs is A367867, covering A367868.
The version allowing empty edges is A367901.
The complement is A367902, without singletons A367770, ranks A367906.
For a unique choice (instead of none) we have A367904, ranks A367908.
These set-systems have ranks A367907.
An unlabeled version is A368094, for multiset partitions A368097.
A000372 counts antichains, covering A006126, nonempty A014466.
A003465 counts covering set-systems, unlabeled A055621.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612.
A059201 counts covering T_0 set-systems.
A323818 counts covering connected set-systems.
A326031 gives weight of the set-system with BII-number n.
Cf. A007716, A083323, A092918, A102896, A283877, A306445, A355739, A355740, A367862, A367905, A368409, A368413.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Rest[Subsets[Range[n]]]], Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]=={}&]],{n,0,3}]

a(n) + A367904(n) + A367772(n) = A058891(n+1) = 2^(2^n-1).

a(5)-a(8) from Christian Sievers, Jul 26 2024

A367902 Number of sets of nonempty subsets of {1..n} satisfying a strict version of the axiom of choice.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 7, 61, 1771, 187223, 70038280, 90111497503, 397783376192189

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Dec 05 2023

			The a(2) = 7 set-systems:
  {}
  {{1}}
  {{2}}
  {{1,2}}
  {{1},{2}}
  {{1},{1,2}}
  {{2},{1,2}}

Wikipedia, Axiom of choice.

The version for simple graphs is A133686, covering A367869.
The version without singletons is A367770.
The complement allowing empty edges is A367901.
The complement is A367903, without singletons A367769, ranks A367907.
For a unique choice we have A367904, ranks A367908.
These set-systems have ranks A367906.
A000372 counts antichains, covering A006126, nonempty A014466.
A003465 counts covering set-systems, unlabeled A055621.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612.
A059201 counts covering T_0 set-systems.
A323818 counts covering connected set-systems.
A326031 gives weight of the set-system with BII-number n.
Cf. A007716, A083323, A092918, A102896, A283877, A306445, A355739, A355740, A367862, A367905, A370636.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n]]], Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]!={}&]],{n,0,3}]

a(n) = A370636(2^n-1). - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 09 2024

a(6)-a(8) from Christian Sievers, Jul 25 2024

A367905 Number of ways to choose a sequence of different binary indices, one of each binary index of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Dec 10 2023

A binary index of n (row n of A048793) is any position of a 1 in its reversed binary expansion. For example, 18 has reversed binary expansion (0,1,0,0,1) and binary indices {2,5}.

			352 has binary indices of binary indices {{2,3},{1,2,3},{1,4}}, and there are six possible choices (2,1,4), (2,3,1), (2,3,4), (3,1,4), (3,2,1), (3,2,4), so a(352) = 6.

John Tyler Rascoe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..16384
Wikipedia, Axiom of choice.

A version for multisets is A367771, see A355529, A355740, A355744, A355745.
Positions of positive terms are A367906.
Positions of zeros are A367907.
Positions of ones are A367908.
Positions of terms > 1 are A367909.
Positions of first appearances are A367910, sorted A367911.
A048793 lists binary indices, length A000120, sum A029931.
A058891 counts set-systems, covering A003465, connected A323818.
A070939 gives length of binary expansion.
A096111 gives product of binary indices.
Cf. A000612, A055621, A072639, A309326, A326031, A326675, A326702, A326753, A367902, A367903, A367904, A367912.
BII-numbers: A309314 (hyperforests), A326701 (set partitions), A326703 (chains), A326704 (antichains), A326749 (connected), A326750 (clutters), A326751 (blobs), A326752 (hypertrees), A326754 (covers), A326783 (uniform), A326784 (regular), A326788 (simple), A330217 (achiral).

bpe[n_]:=Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n, 2]],1];
Table[Length[Select[Tuples[bpe/@bpe[n]], UnsameQ@@#&]],{n,0,100}]

from itertools import count, islice, product
def bin_i(n): #binary indices
    return([(i+1) for i, x in enumerate(bin(n)[2:][::-1]) if x =='1'])
def a_gen(): #generator of terms
    for n in count(0):
        c = 0
        for j in list(product(*[bin_i(k) for k in bin_i(n)])):
            if len(set(j)) == len(j):
                c += 1
        yield c
A367905_list = list(islice(a_gen(), 90)) # John Tyler Rascoe, May 22 2024

cp's OEIS Frontend

A370869 a(0) = 0; thereafter, a(n) = a(n-1)^2 - 3*A058891(n).

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A006125 a(n) = 2^(n*(n-1)/2).

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A000612 Number of P-equivalence classes of switching functions of n or fewer variables, divided by 2.

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A055621 Number of covers of an unlabeled n-set.

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A133686 Number of labeled n-node graphs with at most one cycle in each connected component.

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A014466 Dedekind numbers: monotone Boolean functions, or nonempty antichains of subsets of an n-set.

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