A076954 -id:A076954 - cp's OEIS frontend

A008302 Triangle of Mahonian numbers T(n,k): coefficients in expansion of Product_{i=0..n-1} (1 + x + ... + x^i), where k ranges from 0 to A000217(n-1). Also enumerates permutations by their major index.

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 5, 6, 5, 3, 1, 1, 4, 9, 15, 20, 22, 20, 15, 9, 4, 1, 1, 5, 14, 29, 49, 71, 90, 101, 101, 90, 71, 49, 29, 14, 5, 1, 1, 6, 20, 49, 98, 169, 259, 359, 455, 531, 573, 573, 531, 455, 359, 259, 169, 98, 49, 20, 6, 1, 1, 7, 27, 76, 174, 343, 602, 961, 1415, 1940, 2493, 3017, 3450, 3736, 3836, 3736, 3450, 3017, 2493, 1940, 1415, 961, 602, 343, 174, 76, 27, 7, 1, 1, 8, 35, 111, 285, 628, 1230, 2191, 3606, 5545, 8031, 11021, 14395, 17957, 21450, 24584, 27073, 28675, 29228, 28675, 27073, 24584, 21450, 17957, 14395, 11021, 8031, 5545, 3606, 2191, 1230, 628, 285, 111, 35, 8, 1

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

T(n,k) is the number of permutations of {1..n} with k inversions.
n-th row gives growth series for symmetric group S_n with respect to transpositions (1,2), (2,3), ..., (n-1,n).
T(n,k) is the number of permutations of (1,2,...,n) having disorder equal to k. The disorder of a permutation p of (1,2,...,n) is defined in the following manner. We scan p from left to right as often as necessary until all its elements are removed in increasing order, scoring one point for each occasion on which an element is passed over and not removed. The disorder of p is the number of points scored by the end of the scanning and removal process. For example, the disorder of (3,5,2,1,4) is 8, since on the first scan, 3,5,2 and 4 are passed over, on the second, 3,5 and 4 and on the third scan, 5 is once again not removed. - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 09 2004
T(n,k) is the number of permutations p=(p(1),...,p(n)) of {1..n} such that Sum_{i: p(i)>p(i+1)} = k (k is called the Major index of p). Example: T(3,0)=1, T(3,1)=2, T(3,2)=2, T(3,3)=1 because the major indices of the permutations (1,2,3), (2,1,3), (3,1,2), (1,3,2), (2,3,1) and (3,2,1) are 0,1,1,2,2 and 3, respectively. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 17 2004
T(n,k) is the number of 2 X c matrices with column totals 1,2,3,...,n and row totals k and binomial(n+1,2) - k. - Mitch Harris, Jan 13 2006
T(n,k) is the number of permutations p of {1,2,...,n} for which den(p)=k. Here den is the Denert statistic, defined in the following way: let p=p(1)p(2)...p(n) be a permutation of {1,2,...,n}; if p(i)>i, then we say that i is an excedance of p; let i_1 < i_2 < ... < i_k be the excedances of p and let j_1 < j_2 < ... < j_{n-k} be the non-excedances of p; let Exc(p) = p(i_1)p(i_2)...p(i_k), Nexc(p)=p(j_1)p(j_2)...p(j_{n-k}); then, by definition den(p) = i_1 + i_2 + ... + i_k + inv(Exc(p)) + inv(Nexc(p)), where inv denotes "number of inversions". Example: T(4,5)=3 because we have 1342, 3241 and 4321. We show that den(4321)=5: the excedances are 1 and 2; Exc(4321)=43, Nexc(4321)=21; now den(4321) = 1 + 2 + inv(43) + inv(21) = 3+1+1 = 5. - Emeric Deutsch, Oct 29 2008
T(n,k) is the number of size k submultisets of the multiset {1,2,2,3,3,3,...,n-1} (which contains i copies of i for 0 < i < n).
The limit of products of the numbers of fixed necklaces of length n composed of beads of types N(n,b), n --> infinity, is the generating function for inversions (we must exclude one unimportant factor b^n/n!). The error is < (b^n/n!)*O(1/n^(1/2-epsilon)). See Gaichenkov link. - Mikhail Gaichenkov, Aug 27 2012
The number of ways to distribute k-1 indistinguishable balls into n-1 boxes of capacity 1,2,3,...,n-1. - Andrew Woods, Sep 26 2012
Partial sums of rows give triangle A161169. - András Salamon, Feb 16 2013
The number of permutations of n that require k pair swaps in the bubble sort to sort them into the natural 1,2,...,n order. - R. J. Mathar, May 04 2013
Also series coefficients of q-factorial [n]q ! -- see Mathematica line. - _Wouter Meeussen, Jul 12 2014
From Mikhail Gaichenkov, Aug 16 2016: (Start)
Following asymptotic expansions in the Central Limit Theorem developed by Valentin V. Petrov, the cumulative distribution function of these numbers, CDF_N(x), is equal to the CDF of the normal distribution - (0.06/sqrt(2*Pi))*exp(-x^2/2)(x^3-3x)*(6N^3+21N^2+31N+31)/(N(2N+5)^2(N-1)+O(1/N^2).
This can be written as: CDF of the normal distribution -(0.09/(N*sqrt(2*Pi)))*exp(-x^2/2)*He_3(x) + O(1/N^2), N > 1, natural numbers (Gaichenkov, private research).
According to B. H. Margolius, Permutations with inversions, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 4 (2001), #01.2.4, "the unimodal behavior of the inversion numbers suggests that the number of inversions in a random permutation may be asymptotically normal". See links.
Moreover, E. Ben-Naim (Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory), "On the Mixing of Diffusing Particles" (13 Oct 2010), states that the Mahonian Distribution becomes a function of a single variable for large numbers of element, i.e., the probability distribution function is normal. See links.
To be more precise the expansion of the distribution is presented for a finite number of elements (or particles in terms of E. Ben-Naim's article). The distribution tends to the normal distribution for an infinite numbers of elements.
(End)
T(n,k) statistic counts (labeled) permutation graphs with n vertices and k edges. - Mikhail Gaichenkov, Aug 20 2019
From Gus Wiseman, Aug 12 2020: (Start)
Number of divisors of A006939(n - 1) or A076954(n - 1) with k prime factors, counted with multiplicity, where A006939(n) = Product_{i = 1..n} prime(i)^(n - i + 1). For example, row n = 4 counts the following divisors:
  1   2   4   8  24  72 360
      3   6  12  36 120
      5   9  18  40 180
         10  20  60
         15  30  90
             45
Crossrefs:
A336420 is the case with distinct prime multiplicities.
A006939 lists superprimorials or Chernoff numbers.
A022915 counts permutations of prime indices of superprimorials.
A317829 counts factorizations of superprimorials.
A336941 counts divisor chains under superprimorials.
Cf. A000005, A001222, A008278, A022559, A027423, A076954, A181796.
(End)
Named after the British mathematician Percy Alexander MacMahon (1854-1929). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 13 2021
Row maxima ~ n!/(sigma * sqrt(2*Pi)), sigma^2 = (2*n^3 + 9*n^2 + 7*n)/72 = variance of group type A_n (see also A161435). - Mikhail Gaichenkov, Feb 08 2023
Sum_{i>=0} T(n,i)*k^i = A069777(n,k). - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 26 2025

			1; 1+x; (1+x)*(1+x+x^2) = 1+2*x+2*x^2+x^3; etc.
Triangle begins:
  n\k| 0  1   2    3    4     5     6     7     8      9     10
  ---+--------------------------------------------------------------
   1 | 1;
   2 | 1, 1;
   3 | 1, 2,  2,   1;
   4 | 1, 3,  5,   6,   5,    3,    1;
   5 | 1, 4,  9,  15,  20,   22,   20,   15,    9,     4,     1;
   6 | 1, 5, 14,  29,  49,   71,   90,  101,  101,    90,    71, ...
   7 | 1, 6, 20,  49,  98,  169,  259,  359,  455,   531,   573, ...
   8 | 1, 7, 27,  76, 174,  343,  602,  961, 1415,  1940,  2493, ...
   9 | 1, 8, 35, 111, 285,  628, 1230, 2191, 3606,  5545,  8031, ...
  10 | 1, 9, 44, 155, 440, 1068, 2298, 4489, 8095, 13640, 21670, ...
From _Gus Wiseman_, Aug 12 2020: (Start)
Row n = 4 counts the following submultisets of {1,1,1,2,2,3}:
  {}  {1}  {11}  {111}  {1112}  {11122}  {111223}
      {2}  {12}  {112}  {1122}  {11123}
      {3}  {22}  {122}  {1113}  {11223}
           {13}  {113}  {1123}
           {23}  {123}  {1223}
                 {223}
(End)

Miklós Bóna, Combinatorics of permutations, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, 2004 (p. 52).
Louis Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 240.
Florence Nightingale David, Maurice George Kendall, and David Elliot Barton, Symmetric Function and Allied Tables, Cambridge, 1966, p. 241.
Pierre de la Harpe, Topics in Geometric Group Theory, Univ. Chicago Press, 2000, p. 163, top display.
Eugen Netto, Lehrbuch der Combinatorik. 2nd ed., Teubner, Leipzig, 1927, p. 96.
Valentin V. Petrov, Sums of Independent Random Variables, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1975, p. 134.
Richard P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 1, 1999; see Corollary 1.3.10, p. 21.

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 1..50, flattened (first 30 rows from Paul D. Hanna)
Ashleigh Adams, Jennifer Elder, Nadia Lafrenière, Erin McNicholas, Jessica Striker, and Amanda Welch, Cyclic sieving on permutations - an analysis of maps and statistics in the FindStat database, arXiv:2402.16251 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 7.
Dorin Andrica and Ovidiu Bagdasar, On some results concerning the polygonal polynomials, Carpathian Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 35, No. 1 (2019), pp. 1-11.
Hasan Arslan, A combinatorial interpretation of Mahonian numbers of type B, arXiv:2404.05099 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 3.
E. Ben-Naim, On the Mixing of Diffusing Particles, arXiv:1010.2563 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2010.
David J. Benson, The cohomology of the nilCoxeter algebra, arXiv:2407.21175 [math.RA], 2024. See p. 4.
Sara C. Billey, Matjaž Konvalinka, and Joshua P. Swanson, Tableaux posets and the fake degrees of coinvariant algebras, arXiv:1809.07386 [math.CO], 2018.
Niclas Boehmer, Robert Bredereck, Piotr Faliszewski, and Rolf Niedermeier, On the Robustness of Winners: Counting Briberies in Elections, arXiv:2010.09678 [cs.GT], 2020.
Niclas Boehmer, Robert Bredereck, Piotr Faliszewski, Rolf Niedermeier, and Stanisław Szufa, Putting a Compass on the Map of Elections, arXiv:2105.07815 [cs.GT], 2021.
J. Bourget, Des permutations, Nouvelles annales de mathématiques, 2e série, tome 10 (1871), pp. 254-268.
Franc Brglez, Of n-dimensional Dice, Combinatorial Optimization, and Reproducible Research: An Introduction, Elektrotehniski Vestnik, Vol. 78, No. 4 (2011), pp. 181-192.
Agnieszka Bukietyńska, The test of inversion in the analysis of investment funds, Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics, Vol. 5, No. 3 (September 2017), pp. 277-289.
L. Carlitz, q-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, Duke Math. J., Vol. 15, No. 4 (1948), pp. 987-1000.
Luke Chamandy, Anvar Shukurov, and A. Russ Taylor, Statistical tests of galactic dynamo theory, arXiv:1609.05688 [astro-ph.GA], 2016.
Geoffrey Critzer, Combinatorics of Vector Spaces over Finite Fields, Master's thesis, Emporia State University, 2018.
Mariusz Czekała and Agnieszka Bukietyńska, Distribution of Inversions and the Power of the τ-Kendall's Test, in J. Świątek, Z. Wilimowska, L. Borzemski, A. Grzech (eds.), Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 37th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology - ISAT 2016 - Part III, pp. 175-185.
Mariusz Czekała, Agnieszka Bukietyńska, and Agnieszka Matylda Schlichtinger, Estimation of the Probability of Inversion in the Test of Variable Dependencies, Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 39th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology (ISAT 2018), Part III, 145-156.
F. N. David, M. G. Kendall, and D. E. Barton, Symmetric Function and Allied Tables, Cambridge, 1966, pp. 241-242. (Annotated scanned copy)
Emeric Deutsch, Problem 10975: Enumeration of Permutations by Disorder, Amer. Math. Monthly, Vol. 111, No. 6 (2004), p. 541.
FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The Denert index of a permutation, The major index of a permutation, The number of inversions of a permutation, The sorting index of a permutation.
Dominique Foata, Distributions eulériennes et mahoniennes sur le groupe des permutations, in: M. Aigner, editor, Higher Combinatorics, Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, 1977, pp. 27-49.
Dominique Foata and Doron Zeilberger, Denert's permutation statistic is indeed Euler-Mahonian, Studies in Appl. Math., Vol. 83 (1990), pp. 31-59. [From _Emeric Deutsch_, Oct 29 2008]
Víctor Franco-Sánchez, Arnau Martí-Llobet, and Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho, Swap distance minimization beyond entropy minimization in word order variation, arXiv:2404.14192 [cs.CL], 2024. See p. 34.
Mikhail Gaichenkov, Necklaces and the generating function for inversions, MathOverflow, 2012.
Mikhail Gaichenkov, Pros and cons of probability model for permutations, MathOverflow, 2014.
Amy Grady, Sorting index and Mahonian-Stirling pairs for labeled forests, Clemson University, July 10, 2014.
Oğuz Gürerk, Ümit Işlak, and Mehmet Akif Yıldız, A study on random permutation graphs, arXiv:1901.06678 [math.CO], 2019.
Richard K. Guy, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane with attachment, Mar 1988.
Guo-Niu Han, Une nouvelle bijection pour la statistique de Denert, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I, Vol. 310 (1990), pp. 493-496.
Stuart A. Hannah, Sieved Enumeration of Interval Orders and Other Fishburn Structures, arXiv:1502.05340 [math.CO], (18-February-2015).
Yang-Hui He, Cyril Matti and Chuang Sun, The Scattering Variety, arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.6833 [hep-th], 2014.
Ekhine Irurozki, Sampling and learning distance-based probability models for permutation spaces, PhD Dissertation, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence of the University of the Basque Country, 2015.
Ekhine Irurozki, Borja Calvo and José A. Lozano, An R package for permutations, Mallows and Generalized Mallows models, 2014.
Ekhine Irurozki, Borja Calvo and José A. Lozano, PerMallows: An R Package for Mallows and Generalized Mallows Models, Journal of Statistical Software, Vol. 71, No. 12 (August 2016).
Milan Janjic, A Generating Function for Numbers of Insets, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 17 (2014), Article 14.9.7.
Thomas Kahle and Christian Stump, Counting inversions and descents of random elements in finite Coxeter groups, arXiv:1802.01389 [math.CO], 2018-2019.
James A. Koziol, Sums of ranking differences and inversion numbers for method discrimination, Journal of Chemometrics, Vol. 27 (2013), pp. 165-169.
Barbara H. Margolius, Permutations with inversions, J. Integ. Seq., Vol. 4 (2001), Article 01.2.4.
Jeremy L. Martin and Jennifer D. Wagner, On the Spectra of Simplicial Rook Graphs, arXiv preprint arXiv:1209.3493 [math.CO], 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Dec 27 2012
Anthony Mendes, A note on alternating permutations, Amer. Math. Monthly, Vol. 114, No. 5 (2007), pp. 437-440.
Vinicus de Morais Alves, Rafael Dowsley, Rafael Timateo de Sousa, and Anderson C.A. Nascimento, Information-Theoretically Secure String Commitments Based on Packet Reordering Channels, IEEE Access, Volume 9 (2021), pp. 139931-139936.
Roger H. Moritz and Robert C. Williams, A coin-tossing problem and some related combinatorics, Math. Mag., Vol. 61, No. 1 (1988), pp. 24-29.
Eugen Netto, Lehrbuch der Combinatorik, Chapter 4, annotated scanned copy of pages 92-99 only.
Eugen Netto, Lehrbuch der Combinatorik, Chapter 4, annotated scanned copy of pages 92-99 only.
Juan Miguel Nieto, Tailoring and Hexagon Form Factors, Spinning Strings and Correlation Functions in the AdS/CFT Correspondence, Springer Theses (Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research), Springer, Cham, 2018.
Michal Opler, Major index distribution over permutation classes, arXiv:1505.07135 [math.CO], 2015.
Oren Patashnik, Letter to R. H. Moritz & R. C. Williams, cc N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 1988.
Michael Penn, The Quantum Factorial is upon us., YouTube video, 2023.
Nikolay L. Poliakov, Note on level r consensus, arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.04816 [q-fin.EC], 2016.
Svetlana Poznanovic, The sorting index and equidistribution of set-valued statistics over restricted permutations, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, Vol. 125 (2014), pp. 254-272.
Richard P. Stanley, Binomial posets, Moebius inversion and permutation enumeration, J. Combinat. Theory, Series A, Vol. 20, No. 3 (1976), pp. 336-356.
A. Waksman, On the complexity of inversions, IEEE Trans. Computers, Vol. 19 (1970), pp. 1225-1226. See Table II.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Necklace.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Irreducible Polynomial.
Thomas Wieder, Comments on A008302.
Wikipedia, Major index

Diagonals: A000707 (k=n-1), A001892 (k=n-2), A001893 (k=n-3), A001894 (k=n-4), A005283 (k=n-5), A005284 (k=n-6), A005285 (k=n-7).
Columns: A005286 (k=3), A005287 (k=4), A005288 (k=5), A242656 (k=6), A242657 (k=7).
Rows: A161435 (n=4), A161436 (n=5), A161437 (n=6), A161438 (n=7), A161439 (n=8), A161456 (n=9), A161457 (n=10).
Row-maxima: A000140, truncated table: A060701, row sums: A000142, row lengths: A000124.
A001809 gives total Denert index of all permutations.
A357611 gives a refinement.
Cf. A000217, A139365, A069777.

g := proc(n,k) option remember; if k=0 then return(1) else if (n=1 and k=1) then return(0) else if (k<0 or k>binomial(n,2)) then return(0) else g(n-1,k)+g(n,k-1)-g(n-1,k-n) end if end if end if end proc; # Barbara Haas Margolius (margolius(AT)math.csuohio.edu), May 31 2001
BB:=j->1+sum(t^i, i=1..j): for n from 1 to 8 do Z[n]:=sort(expand(simplify(product(BB(j), j=0..n-2)))) od: for n from 1 to 8 do seq(coeff(Z[n], t, j), j=0..(n-1)*(n-2)/2) od; # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 13 2007
# alternative Maple program:
b:= proc(u, o) option remember; expand(`if`(u+o=0, 1,
       add(b(u+j-1, o-j)*x^(u+j-1), j=1..o)+
       add(b(u-j, o+j-1)*x^(u-j), j=1..u)))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(n, 0)):
seq(T(n), n=1..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, May 02 2017

f[n_] := CoefficientList[ Expand@ Product[ Sum[x^i, {i, 0, j}], {j, n}], x]; Flatten[Array[f, 8, 0]]
(* Second program: *)
T[0, 0] := 1; T[-1, k_] := 0;
T[n_, k_] := T[n, k] = If[0 <= k <= n*(n - 1)/2, T[n, k - 1] + T[n - 1, k] - T[n - 1, k - n], 0]; (* Peter Kagey, Mar 18 2021; corrected the program by Mats Granvik and Roger L. Bagula, Jun 19 2011 *)
alternatively (versions 7 and up):
Table[CoefficientList[Series[QFactorial[n,q],{q,0,n(n-1)/2}],q],{n,9}] (* Wouter Meeussen, Jul 12 2014 *)
b[u_, o_] := b[u, o] = Expand[If[u + o == 0, 1,
   Sum[b[u + j - 1, o - j]*x^(u + j - 1), {j, 1, o}] +
   Sum[b[u - j, o + j - 1]*x^(u - j), {j, 1, u}]]];
T[n_] := With[{p = b[n, 0]}, Table[Coefficient[p, x, i], {i, 0, Exponent[p, x]}]];
Table[T[n], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 21 2025, after Alois P. Heinz *)

{T(n,k) = my(A=1+x); for(i=1,n, A = 1 + intformal(A - q*subst(A,x,q*x +x^2*O(x^n)))/(1-q)); polcoeff(n!*polcoeff(A,n,x),k,q)}
for(n=1,10, for(k=0,n*(n-1)/2, print1(T(n,k),", ")); print("")) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Dec 31 2016

row(n)=Vec(prod(k=1,n,(1-'q^k)/(1-'q))); \\ Joerg Arndt, Apr 13 2019

from sage.combinat.q_analogues import q_factorial
for n in (1..6): print(q_factorial(n).list()) # Peter Luschny, Jul 18 2016

Bourget, Comtet and Moritz-Williams give recurrences.
Mendes and Stanley give g.f.'s.
G.f.: Product_{j=1..n} (1-x^j)/(1-x) = Sum_{k=0..M} T{n, k} x^k, where M = n*(n-1)/2.
From Andrew Woods, Sep 26 2012, corrected by Peter Kagey, Mar 18 2021: (Start)
T(1, 0) = 1,
T(n, k) = 0 for n < 0, k < 0 or k > n*(n-1)/2.
T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..n-1} T(n-1, k-j),
T(n, k) = T(n, k-1) + T(n-1, k) - T(n-1, k-n). (End)
E.g.f. satisfies: A(x,q) = 1 + Integral (A(x,q) - q*A(q*x,q))/(1-q) dx, where A(x,q) = Sum_{n>=0} x^n/n! * Sum_{k=0..n*(n-1)/2} T(n,k)*q^k, when T(0,0) = 1 is included. - Paul D. Hanna, Dec 31 2016

There were some mistaken edits to this entry (inclusion of an initial 1, etc.) which I undid. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 30 2009

Added mention of "major index" to definition. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 10 2019

A006939 Chernoff sequence: a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} prime(k)^(n-k+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 12, 360, 75600, 174636000, 5244319080000, 2677277333530800000, 25968760179275365452000000, 5793445238736255798985527240000000, 37481813439427687898244906452608585200000000, 7517370874372838151564668004911177464757864076000000000, 55784440720968513813368002533861454979548176771615744085560000000000

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Product of first n primorials: a(n) = Product_{i=1..n} A002110(i).
Superprimorials, from primorials by analogy with superfactorials.
Smallest number k with n distinct exponents in its prime factorization, i.e., A071625(k) = n.
Subsequence of A130091. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 06 2007
Hankel transform of A171448. - Paul Barry, Dec 09 2009
This might be a good place to explain the name "Chernoff sequence" since his name does not appear in the References or Links as of Mar 22 2014. - Jonathan Sondow, Mar 22 2014
Pickover (1992) named this sequence after Paul Chernoff of California, who contributed this sequence to his book. He was possibly referring to American mathematician Paul Robert Chernoff (1942 - 2017), a professor at the University of California. - Amiram Eldar, Jul 27 2020

			a(4) = 360 because 2^3 * 3^2 * 5 = 1 * 2 * 6 * 30 = 360.
a(5) = 75600 because 2^4 * 3^3 * 5^2 * 7 = 1 * 2 * 6 * 30 * 210 = 75600.

Clifford A. Pickover, Mazes for the Mind, St. Martin's Press, NY, 1992, p. 351.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
James K. Strayer, Elementary number theory, Waveland Press, Inc., Long Grove, IL, 1994. See p. 37.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..25

Cf. A000178 (product of first n factorials), A007489 (sum of first n factorials), A060389 (sum of first n primorials).
Cf. A002110, A051357.
A000142 counts divisors of superprimorials.
A000325 counts uniform divisors of superprimorials.
A008302 counts divisors of superprimorials by bigomega.
A022915 counts permutations of prime indices of superprimorials.
A076954 is a sister-sequence.
A118914 has row a(n) equal to {1..n}.
A124010 has row a(n) equal to {n..1}.
A130091 lists numbers with distinct prime multiplicities.
A317829 counts factorizations of superprimorials.
A336417 counts perfect-power divisors of superprimorials.
A336426 gives non-products of superprimorials.
Cf. A001221, A001222, A005117, A022559, A071625, A181796, A181819, A336419, A336420, A336496.

a006939 n = a006939_list !! n
a006939_list = scanl1 (*) a002110_list -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 21 2012

[1] cat [(&*[NthPrime(k)^(n-k+1): k in [1..n]]): n in [1..15]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 14 2018

a := []; printlevel := -1; for k from 0 to 20 do a := [op(a),product(ithprime(i)^(k-i+1),i=1..k)] od; print(a);

Rest[FoldList[Times,1,FoldList[Times,1,Prime[Range[15]]]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 07 2011 *)
Table[Times@@Table[Prime[i]^(n - i + 1), {i, n}], {n, 12}] (* Alonso del Arte, Sep 30 2011 *)

a(n)=prod(k=1,n,prime(k)^(n-k+1)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 25 2011

from math import prod
from sympy import prime
def A006939(n): return prod(prime(k)**(n-k+1) for k in range(1,n+1)) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 12 2025

a(n) = m(1)*m(2)*m(3)*...*m(n), where m(n) = n-th primorial number. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 20 2005
a(0) = 1, a(n) = a(n - 1)p(n)#, where p(n)# is the n-th primorial A002110(n) (the product of the first n primes). - Alonso del Arte, Sep 30 2011
log a(n) = n^2(log n + log log n - 3/2 + o(1))/2. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 14 2011
A181796(a(n)) = A000110(n+1). It would be interesting to have a bijective proof of this theorem, which is stated at A181796 without proof. See also A336420. - Gus Wiseman, Aug 03 2020

Corrected and extended by Labos Elemer, May 30 2001

A109298 Primal codes of finite idempotent functions on positive integers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 9, 18, 125, 250, 1125, 2250, 2401, 4802, 21609, 43218, 161051, 300125, 322102, 600250, 1449459, 2701125, 2898918, 4826809, 5402250, 9653618, 20131375, 40262750, 43441281, 86882562, 181182375, 362364750, 386683451, 410338673, 603351125, 773366902, 820677346

Offset: 1

Jon Awbrey, Jul 06 2005

nonn

Finite idempotent functions are identity maps on finite subsets, counting the empty function as the idempotent on the empty set.
From Gus Wiseman, Mar 09 2019: (Start)
Also numbers whose ordered prime signature is equal to the distinct prime indices in increasing order. A prime index of n is a number m such that prime(m) divides n. The ordered prime signature (A124010) is the sequence of multiplicities (or exponents) in a number's prime factorization, taken in order of the prime base. The case where the prime indices are taken in decreasing order is A324571.
Also numbers divisible by prime(k) exactly k times for each prime index k. These are a kind of self-describing numbers (cf. A001462, A304679).
Also Heinz numbers of integer partitions where the multiplicity of m is m for all m in the support (counted by A033461). The Heinz number of an integer partition (y_1, ..., y_k) is prime(y_1) * ... * prime(y_k).
Also products of distinct elements of A062457. For example, 43218 = prime(1)^1 * prime(2)^2 * prime(4)^4.
(End)

			Writing (prime(i))^j as i:j, we have the following table of examples:
Primal Codes of Finite Idempotent Functions on Positive Integers
` ` ` 1 = { }
` ` ` 2 = 1:1
` ` ` 9 = ` ` 2:2
` ` `18 = 1:1 2:2
` ` 125 = ` ` ` ` 3:3
` ` 250 = 1:1 ` ` 3:3
` `1125 = ` ` 2:2 3:3
` `2250 = 1:1 2:2 3:3
` `2401 = ` ` ` ` ` ` 4:4
` `4802 = 1:1 ` ` ` ` 4:4
` 21609 = ` ` 2:2 ` ` 4:4
` 43218 = 1:1 2:2 ` ` 4:4
`161051 = ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` 5:5
`300125 = ` ` ` ` 3:3 4:4
`322102 = 1:1 ` ` ` ` ` ` 5:5
`600250 = 1:1 ` ` 3:3 4:4
From _Gus Wiseman_, Mar 09 2019: (Start)
The sequence of terms together with their prime indices begins as follows. For example, we have 18: {1,2,2} because 18 = prime(1) * prime(2) * prime(2) has prime signature {1,2} and the distinct prime indices are also {1,2}.
       1: {}
       2: {1}
       9: {2,2}
      18: {1,2,2}
     125: {3,3,3}
     250: {1,3,3,3}
    1125: {2,2,3,3,3}
    2250: {1,2,2,3,3,3}
    2401: {4,4,4,4}
    4802: {1,4,4,4,4}
   21609: {2,2,4,4,4,4}
   43218: {1,2,2,4,4,4,4}
  161051: {5,5,5,5,5}
  300125: {3,3,3,4,4,4,4}
  322102: {1,5,5,5,5,5}
  600250: {1,3,3,3,4,4,4,4}
(End)

David A. Corneth, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
J. Awbrey, Riffs and Rotes

Cf. A076954, A106177, A108352, A108371, A109297, A109301.
Cf. A001156, A033461, A056239, A062457, A112798, A118914, A124010 (ordered prime signature), A181819, A276078, A304679.
Cf. A324524, A324525, A324570, A324571, A324572, A324587, A324588.
Sequences related to self-description: A000002, A001462, A079000, A079254, A276625, A304360.

Select[Range[10000],And@@Cases[If[#==1,{},FactorInteger[#]],{p_,k_}:>PrimePi[p]==k]&]

is(n) = my(f = factor(n)); for(i = 1, #f~, if(prime(f[i, 2]) != f[i, 1], return(0))); 1 \\ David A. Corneth, Mar 09 2019

Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/prime(n)^n) = 1.6807104966... - Amiram Eldar, Jan 03 2021

Offset set to 1, missing terms inserted and more terms added by Alois P. Heinz, Mar 08 2019

A276076 Factorial base exp-function: digits in factorial base representation of n become the exponents of successive prime factors whose product a(n) is.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 90, 25, 50, 75, 150, 225, 450, 125, 250, 375, 750, 1125, 2250, 7, 14, 21, 42, 63, 126, 35, 70, 105, 210, 315, 630, 175, 350, 525, 1050, 1575, 3150, 875, 1750, 2625, 5250, 7875, 15750, 49, 98, 147, 294, 441, 882, 245, 490, 735, 1470, 2205, 4410, 1225, 2450, 3675, 7350, 11025, 22050, 6125, 12250, 18375, 36750, 55125, 110250, 343

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Aug 18 2016

These are prime-factorization representations of single-variable polynomials where the coefficient of term x^(k-1) (encoded as the exponent of prime(k) in the factorization of n) is equal to the digit in one-based position k of the factorial base representation of n. See the examples.

			   n  A007623   polynomial     encoded as             a(n)
   -------------------------------------------------------
   0       0    0-polynomial   (empty product)        = 1
   1       1    1*x^0          prime(1)^1             = 2
   2      10    1*x^1          prime(2)^1             = 3
   3      11    1*x^1 + 1*x^0  prime(2) * prime(1)    = 6
   4      20    2*x^1          prime(2)^2             = 9
   5      21    2*x^1 + 1*x^0  prime(2)^2 * prime(1)  = 18
   6     100    1*x^2          prime(3)^1             = 5
   7     101    1*x^2 + 1*x^0  prime(3) * prime(1)    = 10
and:
  23     321  3*x^2 + 2*x + 1  prime(3)^3 * prime(2)^2 * prime(1)
                                      = 5^3 * 3^2 * 2 = 2250.

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..5040
Indranil Ghosh, Python program for computing this sequence.
Index entries for sequences related to factorial base representation.

Cf. A000040, A007623, A084558, A099563, A257687, A276009.
Cf. A276075 (a left inverse).
Cf. A276078 (same terms in ascending order).
Cf. also A000142, A001221, A001222, A002110, A007489, A008836, A019565, A033312, A034968, A048675, A051903, A059590, A060130, A076954, A246359, A248663, A262725, A276073, A276074, A351576, A351577, A351950, A351951, A351952, A351954.
Cf. also A275733, A275734, A275735, A275725 for other such encodings of factorial base related polynomials, and A276086 for a primorial base analog.

a[n_] := Module[{k = n, m = 2, r, p = 2, q = 1}, While[{k, r} = QuotientRemainder[k, m]; k != 0|| r != 0, q *= p^r; p = NextPrime[p]; m++]; q]; Array[a, 100, 0] (* Amiram Eldar, Feb 07 2024 *)

a(0) = 1, for n >= 1, a(n) = A275733(n) * a(A276009(n)).
Or: for n >= 1, a(n) = a(A257687(n)) * A000040(A084558(n))^A099563(n).
Other identities.
For all n >= 0:
A276075(a(n)) = n.
A001221(a(n)) = A060130(n).
A001222(a(n)) = A034968(n).
A051903(a(n)) = A246359(n).
A048675(a(n)) = A276073(n).
A248663(a(n)) = A276074(n).
a(A007489(n)) = A002110(n).
a(A059590(n)) = A019565(n).
For all n >= 1:
a(A000142(n)) = A000040(n).
a(A033312(n)) = A076954(n-1).
From Antti Karttunen, Apr 18 2022: (Start)
a(n) = A276086(A351576(n)).
A276085(a(n)) = A351576(n)
A003557(a(n)) = A351577(n).
A003415(a(n)) = A351950(n).
A069359(a(n)) = A351951(n).
A083345(a(n)) = A342001(a(n)) = A351952(n).
A351945(a(n)) = A351954(n).
A181819(a(n)) = A275735(n).
(End)
lambda(a(n)) = A262725(n+1), where lambda is Liouville's function, A008836. - Antti Karttunen and Peter Munn, Aug 09 2024

Name changed by Antti Karttunen, Apr 18 2022

A022915 Multinomial coefficients (0, 1, ..., n)! = C(n+1,2)!/(0!1!2!...n!).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 60, 12600, 37837800, 2053230379200, 2431106898187968000, 73566121315513295589120000, 65191584694745586153436251091200000, 1906765806522767212441719098019963758016000000, 2048024348726152339387799085049745725891853852479488000000

Offset: 0

Clark Kimberling

Number of ways to put numbers 1, 2, ..., n*(n+1)/2 in a triangular array of n rows in such a way that each row is increasing. Also number of ways to choose groups of 1, 2, 3, ..., n-1 and n objects out of n*(n+1)/2 objects. - Floor van Lamoen, Jul 16 2001
a(n) is the number of ways to linearly order the multiset {1,2,2,3,3,3,...n,n,...n}. - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 08 2009
Also the number of distinct adjacency matrices in the n-triangular honeycomb rook graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 14 2017

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Aug 12 2020: (Start)
The a(3) = 60 permutations of the prime indices of A006939(3) = 360:
  (111223)  (121123)  (131122)  (212113)  (231211)
  (111232)  (121132)  (131212)  (212131)  (232111)
  (111322)  (121213)  (131221)  (212311)  (311122)
  (112123)  (121231)  (132112)  (213112)  (311212)
  (112132)  (121312)  (132121)  (213121)  (311221)
  (112213)  (121321)  (132211)  (213211)  (312112)
  (112231)  (122113)  (211123)  (221113)  (312121)
  (112312)  (122131)  (211132)  (221131)  (312211)
  (112321)  (122311)  (211213)  (221311)  (321112)
  (113122)  (123112)  (211231)  (223111)  (321121)
  (113212)  (123121)  (211312)  (231112)  (321211)
  (113221)  (123211)  (211321)  (231121)  (322111)
(End)

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..35
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Adjacency Matrix
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Multinomial Coefficient

Cf. A000178, A014068, A022919, A052295, A208437, A327803.
A190945 counts the case of anti-run permutations.
A317829 counts partitions of this multiset.
A325617 is the version for factorials instead of superprimorials.
A006939 lists superprimorials or Chernoff numbers.
A008480 counts permutations of prime indices.
A181818 gives products of superprimorials, with complement A336426.
Cf. A000142, A022559, A027423, A034841, A076954, A112798, A303279, A336417.

with(combinat):
a:= n-> multinomial(binomial(n+1, 2), $0..n):
seq(a(n), n=0..12);  # Alois P. Heinz, May 18 2013

Table[Apply[Multinomial ,Range[n]], {n, 0, 20}]  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 09 2012 *)
Table[Multinomial @@ Range[n], {n, 0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 14 2017 *)
Table[Binomial[n + 1, 2]!/BarnesG[n + 2], {n, 0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 14 2017 *)
Table[Length[Permutations[Join@@Table[i,{i,n},{i}]]],{n,0,4}] (* Gus Wiseman, Aug 12 2020 *)

a(n) = binomial(n+1,2)!/prod(k=1, n, k^(n+1-k)); \\ Michel Marcus, May 02 2019

a(n) = (n*(n+1)/2)!/(0!*1!*2!*...*n!).
a(n) = a(n-1) * A014068(n). - Dan Fux (dan.fux(AT)OpenGaia.com or danfux(AT)OpenGaia.com), Apr 08 2001.
a(n) = A052295(n)/A000178(n). - Lekraj Beedassy, Feb 19 2004
a(n) = A208437(n*(n+1)/2,n). - Alois P. Heinz, Apr 08 2016
a(n) ~ A * exp(n^2/4 + n + 1/6) * n^(n^2/2 + 7/12) / (2^((n+1)^2/2) * Pi^(n/2)), where A is the Glaisher-Kinkelin constant A074962. - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 02 2019
a(n) = A327803(n*(n+1)/2,n). - Alois P. Heinz, Sep 25 2019
a(n) = A008480(A006939(n)). - Gus Wiseman, Aug 12 2020

More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), Apr 11 2001
More terms from Michel ten Voorde, Apr 12 2001
Better definition from L. Edson Jeffery, May 18 2013

With this constant f(1) and using the formula f(n+1) = (floor(f(n))*(f(n))) - ((floor(f(n)))^2 - floor(f(n))) it is possible to obtain the prime numbers repeated exactly a number of times corresponding to the position of the prime number. That is, 2 once, 3 twice, 5 thrice, etc.

Sorted list of positive integers with a factorization Product p(i)^e(i) such that (e(1) - e(2)) >= (e(2) - e(3)) >= ... >= (e(k-1) - e(k)) >= e(k), with k = A001221(n), and p(k) = A006530(n) = A000040(k), i.e., the prime factors p(1) .. p(k) must be consecutive primes from 2 onward. - Comment clarified by Antti Karttunen, Apr 28 2022
Subsequence of A025487. A025487(n) belongs to this sequence iff A181815(n) is a member of A025487.
If prime signatures are considered as partitions, these are the members of A025487 whose prime signature is conjugate to the prime signature of a member of A182863. - Matthew Vandermast, May 20 2012

A finite permutation is a bijective mapping from a finite set to itself, counting the empty mapping as a permutation of the empty set.

Also Heinz numbers of integer partitions where the set of distinct parts is equal to the set of distinct multiplicities. These partitions are counted by A114640. The Heinz number of an integer partition (y_1,...,y_k) is prime(y_1)*...*prime(y_k). - Gus Wiseman, Apr 02 2019

cp's OEIS Frontend

A336871 Number of divisors d of A076954(n) with distinct prime multiplicities such that the numerator of A006939(n)/d also has distinct prime multiplicities.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

A339766 Decimal expansion of Sum_{n>=1} A054541(n)/A076954(n-1).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

Formula

A008302 Triangle of Mahonian numbers T(n,k): coefficients in expansion of Product_{i=0..n-1} (1 + x + ... + x^i), where k ranges from 0 to A000217(n-1). Also enumerates permutations by their major index.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

PARI

Sage

Formula

Extensions

A006939 Chernoff sequence: a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} prime(k)^(n-k+1).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Haskell

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Python

Formula

Extensions

A109298 Primal codes of finite idempotent functions on positive integers.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

PARI

Formula

Extensions

A276076 Factorial base exp-function: digits in factorial base representation of n become the exponents of successive prime factors whose product a(n) is.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

Formula

Extensions

A022915 Multinomial coefficients (0, 1, ..., n)! = C(n+1,2)!/(0!1!2!...n!).

A276075 a(1) = 0, a(n) = (e1i1! + e2i2! + ... + eziz!) for n = prime(i1)^e1 prime(i2)^e2 * ... * prime(iz)^ez, where prime(k) is the k-th prime, A000040(k).