A274181 -id:A274181 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000312 a(n) = n^n; number of labeled mappings from n points to themselves (endofunctions).

1, 1, 4, 27, 256, 3125, 46656, 823543, 16777216, 387420489, 10000000000, 285311670611, 8916100448256, 302875106592253, 11112006825558016, 437893890380859375, 18446744073709551616, 827240261886336764177, 39346408075296537575424, 1978419655660313589123979

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Also number of labeled pointed rooted trees (or vertebrates) on n nodes.
For n >= 1 a(n) is also the number of n X n (0,1) matrices in which each row contains exactly one entry equal to 1. - Avi Peretz (njk(AT)netvision.net.il), Apr 21 2001
Also the number of labeled rooted trees on (n+1) nodes such that the root is lower than its children. Also the number of alternating labeled rooted ordered trees on (n+1) nodes such that the root is lower than its children. - Cedric Chauve (chauve(AT)lacim.uqam.ca), Mar 27 2002
With p(n) = the number of integer partitions of n, p(i) = the number of parts of the i-th partition of n, d(i) = the number of different parts of the i-th partition of n, p(j, i) = the j-th part of the i-th partition of n, m(i, j) = multiplicity of the j-th part of the i-th partition of n, one has: a(n) = Sum_{i=1..p(n)} (n!/(Product_{j=1..p(i)} p(i, j)!)) * ((n!/(n - p(i)))!/(Product_{j=1..d(i)} m(i, j)!)). - Thomas Wieder, May 18 2005
All rational solutions to the equation x^y = y^x, with x < y, are given by x = A000169(n+1)/A000312(n), y = A000312(n+1)/A007778(n), where n = 1, 2, 3, ... . - Nick Hobson, Nov 30 2006
a(n) is the total number of leaves in all (n+1)^(n-1) trees on {0,1,2,...,n} rooted at 0. For example, with edges directed away from the root, the trees on {0,1,2} are {0->1,0->2},{0->1->2},{0->2->1} and contain a total of a(2)=4 leaves. - David Callan, Feb 01 2007
Limit_{n->infinity} A000169(n+1)/a(n) = exp(1). Convergence is slow, e.g., it takes n > 74 to get one decimal place correct and n > 163 to get two of them. - Alonso del Arte, Jun 20 2011
Also smallest k such that binomial(k, n) is divisible by n^(n-1), n > 0. - Michel Lagneau, Jul 29 2013
For n >= 2 a(n) is represented in base n as "one followed by n zeros". - R. J. Cano, Aug 22 2014
Number of length-n words over the alphabet of n letters. - Joerg Arndt, May 15 2015
Number of prime parking functions of length n+1. - Rui Duarte, Jul 27 2015
The probability density functions p(x, m=q, n=q, mu=1) = A000312(q)*E(x, q, q) and p(x, m=q, n=1, mu=q) = (A000312(q)/A000142(q-1))*x^(q-1)*E(x, q, 1), with q >= 1, lead to this sequence, see A163931, A274181 and A008276. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 17 2016
Satisfies Benford's law [Miller, 2015]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 12 2017
A signed version of this sequence apart from the first term (1, -4, -27, 256, 3125, -46656, ...), has the following property: for every prime p == 1 (mod 2n), (-1)^(n(n-1)/2)*n^n = A057077(n)*a(n) is always a 2n-th power residue modulo p. - Jianing Song, Sep 05 2018
From Juhani Heino, May 07 2019: (Start)
n^n is both Sum_{i=0..n} binomial(n,i)*(n-1)^(n-i)
  and Sum_{i=0..n} binomial(n,i)*(n-1)^(n-i)*i.
The former is the familiar binomial distribution of a throw of n n-sided dice, according to how many times a required side appears, 0 to n. The latter is the same but each term is multiplied by its amount. This means that if the bank pays the player 1 token for each die that has the chosen side, it is always a fair game if the player pays 1 token to enter - neither bank nor player wins on average.
Examples:
2-sided dice (2 coins): 4 = 1 + 2 + 1 = 1*0 + 2*1 + 1*2 (0 omitted from now on);
3-sided dice (3 long triangular prisms): 27 = 8 + 12 + 6 + 1 = 12*1 + 6*2 + 1*3;
4-sided dice (4 long square prisms or 4 tetrahedrons): 256 = 81 + 108 + 54 + 12 + 1 = 108*1 + 54*2 + 12*3 + 1*4;
5-sided dice (5 long pentagonal prisms): 3125 = 1024 + 1280 + 640 + 160 + 20 + 1 = 1280*1 + 640*2 + 160*3 + 20*4 + 1*5;
6-sided dice (6 cubes): 46656 = 15625 + 18750 + 9375 + 2500 + 375 + 30 + 1 = 18750*1 + 9375*2 + 2500*3 + 375*4 + 30*5 + 1*6.
(End)
For each n >= 1 there is a graph on a(n) vertices whose largest independent set has size n and whose independent set sequence is constant (specifically, for each k=1,2,...,n, the graph has n^n independent sets of size k). There is no graph of smaller order with this property (Ball et al. 2019). - David Galvin, Jun 13 2019
For n >= 2 and 1 <= k <= n, a(n)*(n + 1)/4 + a(n)*(k - 1)*(n + 1 - k)/2*n is equal to the sum over all words w = w(1)...w(n) of length n over the alphabet {1, 2, ..., n} of the following quantity: Sum_{i=1..w(k)} w(i). Inspired by Problem 12432 in the AMM (see links). - Sela Fried, Dec 10 2023
Also, dimension of the unique cohomology group of the smallest interval containing the poset of partitions decorated by Perm, i.e. the poset of pointed partitions. - Bérénice Delcroix-Oger, Jun 25 2025

			G.f. = 1 + x + 4*x^2 + 27*x^3 + 256*x^4 + 3125*x^5 + 46656*x^6 + 823543*x^7 + ...

F. Bergeron, G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Combinatorial Species and Tree-Like Structures, Cambridge, 1998, pp. 62, 63, 87.
L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 173, #39.
A. P. Prudnikov, Yu. A. Brychkov and O.I. Marichev, "Integrals and Series", Volume 1: "Elementary Functions", Chapter 4: "Finite Sums", New York, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1986-1992, Eq. (4.2.2.37)
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Kenny Lau, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..385 [First 100 terms computed by T. D. Noe]
Taylor Ball, David Galvin, Katie Hyry, and Kyle Weingartner, Independent set and matching permutations, arXiv:1901.06579 [math.CO], 2019.
Arthur T. Benjamin and Fritz Juhnke, Another way of counting n^n, SIAM J. Discrete Math., Vol. 5, No. 3 (1992), pp. 377-379. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jun 09 2011
H. Bottomley, Illustration of initial terms.
H. J. Brothers and J. A. Knox, New closed-form approximations to the logarithmic constant e, The Mathematical Intelligencer, Vol. 20 (4), 1998, pp. 25-29. (Sequence appears as formula in Eq. (8))
C. Chauve, S. Dulucq and O. Guibert, Enumeration of some labeled trees, Proceedings of FPSAC/SFCA 2000 (Moscow), Springer, pp. 146-157.
Bérénice Delcroix-Oger and Clément Dupont, Lie-operads and operadic modules from poset cohomology, arXiv:2505.06094 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 34.
Frank Ellermann, Illustration of binomial transforms.
José María Grau and Antonio M. Oller-Marcén, On the last digit and the last non-zero digit of n^n in base b, Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society, Vol. 51, No. 5 (2014), pp. 1325-1337; arXiv preprint, arXiv:1203.4066 [math.NT], 2012.
Nick Hobson, Solution to puzzle 48: Exponential equation.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 36.
Steven J. Miller (ed.), Exercises to "The Theory and Applications of Benford's Law", Princeton University Press, 2015.
Mustafa Obaid et al., The number of complete exceptional sequences for a Dynkin algebra, arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.7573 [math.RT], 2013.
Franck Ramaharo, A generating polynomial for the pretzel knot, arXiv:1805.10680 [math.CO], 2018.
E. Vigren (Proposer), Problem 12432, Amer. Math. Monthly 130 (2023), p. 953.
Elena L. Wang and Guoce Xin, On Ward Numbers and Increasing Schröder Trees, arXiv:2507.15654 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 12-13.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hadamard's Maximum Determinant Problem.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hankel Matrix.
Dimitri Zvonkine, An algebra of power series..., arXiv:math/0403092 [math.AG], 2004.
Index entries for "core" sequences
Index entries for sequences related to rooted trees
Index entries for sequences related to Benford's law

Cf. A000107, A000169, A000272, A001372, A007778, A007830, A008785-A008791, A019538, A048993, A008279, A085741, A062206, A212333.
First column of triangle A055858. Row sums of A066324.
Cf. A001923 (partial sums), A002109 (partial products), A007781 (first differences), A066588 (sum of digits).
Cf. A056665, A081721, A130293, A168658, A275549-A275558 (various classes of endofunctions).
Cf. A174824, A204688.
Cf. A055137, A083648.

a000312 n = n ^ n
a000312_list = zipWith (^) [0..] [0..]  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 07 2012

A000312 := n->n^n: seq(A000312(n), n=0..17);

Array[ #^# &, 16] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, May 01 2008 *)
Table[Sum[StirlingS2[n, i] i! Binomial[n, i], {i, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 17 2009 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, Boole[n == 0], n^n]; (* Michael Somos, May 24 2014 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, n! SeriesCoefficient[ 1 / (1 + LambertW[-x]), {x, 0, n}]]; (* Michael Somos, May 24 2014 *)
a[ n_] := If[n < 0, 0, n! SeriesCoefficient[ Nest[ 1 / (1 - x / (1 - Integrate[#, x])) &, 1 + O[x], n], {x, 0, n}]]; (* Michael Somos, May 24 2014 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, With[{m = n + 1}, m! SeriesCoefficient[ InverseSeries[ Series[ (x - 1) Log[1 - x], {x, 0, m}]], m]]]; (* Michael Somos, May 24 2014 *)

A000312[n]:=if n=0 then 1 else n^n$
makelist(A000312[n],n,0,30); /* Martin Ettl, Oct 29 2012 */

PARI
```
{a(n) = n^n};
```

is(n)=my(b,k=ispower(n,,&b));if(k,for(e=1,valuation(k,b), if(k/b^e == e, return(1)))); n==1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 14 2013

{a(n) = my(A = 1 + O(x)); if( n<0, 0, for(k=1, n, A = 1 / (1 - x / (1 - intformal( A)))); n! * polcoeff( A, n))}; /* Michael Somos, May 24 2014 */

def A000312(n): return n**n # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 07 2022

a(n-1) = -Sum_{i=1..n} (-1)^i*i*n^(n-1-i)*binomial(n, i). - Yong Kong (ykong(AT)curagen.com), Dec 28 2000
E.g.f.: 1/(1 + W(-x)), W(x) = principal branch of Lambert's function.
a(n) = Sum_{k>=0} binomial(n, k)*Stirling2(n, k)*k! = Sum_{k>=0} A008279(n,k)*A048993(n,k) = Sum_{k>=0} A019538(n,k)*A007318(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 14 2003
E.g.f.: 1/(1 - T), where T = T(x) is Euler's tree function (see A000169).
a(n) = A000169(n+1)*A128433(n+1,1)/A128434(n+1,1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 03 2007
Comment on power series with denominators a(n): Let f(x) = 1 + Sum_{n>=1} x^n/n^n. Then as x -> infinity, f(x) ~ exp(x/e)*sqrt(2*Pi*x/e). - Philippe Flajolet, Sep 11 2008
E.g.f.: 1 - exp(W(-x)) with an offset of 1 where W(x) = principal branch of Lambert's function. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Sep 15 2010
a(n) = (n-1)*a(n-1) + Sum_{i=1..n} binomial(n, i)*a(i-1)*a(n-i). - Vladimir Shevelev, Sep 30 2010
With an offset of 1, the e.g.f. is the compositional inverse ((x - 1)*log(1 - x))^(-1) = x + x^2/2! + 4*x^3/3! + 27*x^4/4! + .... - Peter Bala, Dec 09 2011
a(n) = denominator((1 + 1/n)^n) for n > 0. - Jean-François Alcover, Jan 14 2013
a(n) = A089072(n,n) for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 18 2013
a(n) = (n-1)^(n-1)*(2*n) + Sum_{i=1..n-2} binomial(n, i)*(i^i*(n-i-1)^(n-i-1)), n > 1, a(0) = 1, a(1) = 1. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Nov 28 2014
log(a(n)) = lim_{k->infinity} k*(n^(1+1/k) - n). - Richard R. Forberg, Feb 04 2015
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jun 18 2016: (Start)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 1.291285997... = A073009.
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^2 = 1.063887103... = A086648.
Sum_{n>=1} n!/a(n) = 1.879853862... = A094082. (End)
A000169(n+1)/a(n) -> e, as n -> oo. - Daniel Suteu, Jul 23 2016
a(n) = n!*Product_{k=1..n} binomial(n, k)/Product_{k=1..n-1} binomial(n-1, k) = n!*A001142(n)/A001142(n-1). - Tony Foster III, Sep 05 2018
a(n-1) = abs(p_n(2-n)), for n > 2, the single local extremum of the n-th row polynomial of A055137 with Bagula's sign convention. - Tom Copeland, Nov 15 2019
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = A083648. - Amiram Eldar, Jun 25 2021
Limit_{n->oo} (a(n+1)/a(n) - a(n)/a(n-1)) = e (see Brothers/Knox link). - Harlan J. Brothers, Oct 24 2021
Conjecture: a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n} A048994(n, i) * A048993(n+i, n) for n >= 0; proved by Mike Earnest, see link at A354797. - Werner Schulte, Jun 19 2022

A008276 Triangle of Stirling numbers of first kind, s(n, n-k+1), n >= 1, 1 <= k <= n. Also triangle T(n,k) giving coefficients in expansion of n!*binomial(x,n)/x in powers of x.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -1, 1, -3, 2, 1, -6, 11, -6, 1, -10, 35, -50, 24, 1, -15, 85, -225, 274, -120, 1, -21, 175, -735, 1624, -1764, 720, 1, -28, 322, -1960, 6769, -13132, 13068, -5040, 1, -36, 546, -4536, 22449, -67284, 118124, -109584, 40320, 1, -45

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

n-th row of the triangle = charpoly of an (n-1) X (n-1) matrix with (1,2,3,...) in the diagonal and the rest zeros. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 19 2009
From Daniel Forgues, Jan 16 2016: (Start)
For n >= 1, the row sums [of either signed or absolute values] are
  Sum_{k=1..n} T(n,k) = 0^(n-1),
  Sum_{k=1..n} |T(n,k)| = T(n+1,1) = n!. (End)
The moment generating function of the probability density function p(x, m=q, n=1, mu=q) = q^q*x^(q-1)*E(x, q, 1)/(q-1)!, with q >= 1, is M(a, m=q, n=1, mu=q) = Sum_{k=0..q}(A000312(q) / A000142(q-1)) * A008276(q, k) * polylog(k, a) / a^q , see A163931 and A274181. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 17 2016
Triangle of coefficients of the polynomial x(x-1)(x-2)...(x-n+1), also denoted as falling factorial (x)n, expanded into decreasing powers of x. - _Ralf Stephan, Dec 11 2016

			3!*binomial(x,3) = x*(x-1)*(x-2) = x^3 - 3*x^2 + 2*x.
Triangle begins
  1;
  1,  -1;
  1,  -3,   2;
  1,  -6,  11,   -6;
  1, -10,  35,  -50,  24;
  1, -15,  85, -225, 274, -120;
...

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 833.
F. N. David, M. G. Kendall and D. E. Barton, Symmetric Function and Allied Tables, Cambridge, 1966, p. 226.
R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, 2nd ed. (Addison-Wesley, 1994), p. 257.

T. D. Noe, Rows n=0..100 of triangle, flattened
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
T. Copeland, Generators, Inversion, and Matrix, Binomial, and Integral Transforms
Yahia Djemmada, Abdelghani Mehdaoui, László Németh, and László Szalay, The Fibonacci-Fubini and Lucas-Fubini numbers, arXiv:2407.04409 [math.CO], 2024. See pp. 10, 12.
Bill Gosper, Colored illustrations of triangle of Stirling numbers of first kind read mod 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Stirling Number of the First Kind
Wikipedia, Stirling numbers and exponential generating functions

See A008275 and A048994, which are the main entries for this triangle of numbers.
See A008277 triangle of Stirling numbers of the second kind, S2(n,k).
Cf. A054654, A054655, A084938, A145324, A094216, A003422, A000166, A000110, A000204, A000045, A000108.

a008276 n k = a008276_tabl !! (n-1) !! (k-1)
a008276_row n = a008276_tabl !! (n-1)
a008276_tabl = map init $ tail a054654_tabl
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 18 2014

seq(seq(coeff(expand(n!*binomial(x,n)),x,j),j=n..1,-1),n=1..15); # Robert Israel, Jan 24 2016
A008276 := proc(n, k): combinat[stirling1](n, n-k+1) end: seq(seq(A008276(n, k), k=1..n), n=1..9); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 17 2016

len = 47; m = Ceiling[Sqrt[2*len]]; t[n_, k_] = StirlingS1[n, n-k+1]; Flatten[Table[t[n, k], {n, 1, m}, {k, 1, n}]][[1 ;; len]] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 31 2011 *)
Flatten@Table[CoefficientList[Product[1-k x, {k, 1, n}], x], {n, 0, 8}] (* Oliver Seipel, Jun 14 2024 *)
Flatten@Table[Coefficient[Product[x-k, {k, 0, n-1}], x, Reverse@Range[n]], {n, Range[9]}] (* Oliver Seipel, Jun 14 2024, after  Ralf Stephan *)

T(n,k)=if(n<1,0,n!*polcoeff(binomial(x,n),n-k+1))

T(n,k)=if(n<1,0,n!*polcoeff(polcoeff(y*(1+y*x+x*O(x^n))^(1/y),n),k))

def T(n,k): return falling_factorial(x,n).expand().coefficient(x,n-k+1) # Ralf Stephan, Dec 11 2016

n!*binomial(x, n) = Sum_{k=1..n-1} T(n, k)*x^(n-k).
|A008276(n, k)| = T(n-1, k-1) where T(n, k) is the triangle, read by rows, given by [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] DELTA [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, ...]; A008276(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) where T(n, k) is the triangle, read by rows, given by [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] DELTA [ -1, -1, -2, -2, -3, -3, -4, -4, -5, -5, ...]. Here DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 30 2003
|T(n, k)| = Sum_{m=0..n} A008517(k, m+1)*binomial(n+m, 2*(k-1)), n >= k >= 1. A008517 is the second-order Eulerian triangle. See the Graham et al. reference p. 257, eq. (6.44).
A094638 formula for unsigned T(n, k).
|T(n, k)| = Sum_{m=0..min(k-1, n-k)} A112486(k-1, m)*binomial(n-1, k-1+m) if n >= k >= 1, else 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 12 2005, see A112486.
|T(n, k)| = (f(n-1, k-1)/(2*(k-1))!)* Sum_{m=0..min(k-1, n-k)} A112486(k-1, m)*f(2*(k-1), k-1-m)*f(n-k, m) if n >= k >= 1, else 0, where f(n, k) stands for the falling factorial n*(n-1)*...*(n-(k-1)) and f(n, 0):=1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 12 2005, see A112486.
With P(n,t) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} T(n,k+1) * t^k = (1-t)*(1-2*t)*...*(1-(n-1)t) and P(0,t) = 1, exp(P(.,t)*x) = (1+t*x)^(1/t) . Compare A094638. T(n,k+1) = (1/k!) (D_t)^k (D_x)^n ( (1+t*x)^(1/t) - 1 ) evaluated at t=x=0 . - Tom Copeland, Dec 09 2007
Product_{i=1..n} (x-i) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 29 2007
E.g.f.: Sum_{n>=0} (Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,n-k)*t^k)/n!) = Sum_{n>=0} (x)n * t^k/n! = exp(x * log(1+t)), with (x)_n the n-th falling factorial polynomial. - _Ralf Stephan, Dec 11 2016
Sum_{j=0..m} T(m, m-j)*s2(j+k+1, m) =  m^k, where s2(j, m) are Stirling numbers of the second kind. - Tony Foster III, Jul 25 2019
For n>=2, Sum_{k=1..n} k*T(n,k) = (-1)^(n-1)*(n-2)!. - Zizheng Fang, Dec 27 2020

A195161 Multiples of 8 and odd numbers interleaved.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 8, 3, 16, 5, 24, 7, 32, 9, 40, 11, 48, 13, 56, 15, 64, 17, 72, 19, 80, 21, 88, 23, 96, 25, 104, 27, 112, 29, 120, 31, 128, 33, 136, 35, 144, 37, 152, 39, 160, 41, 168, 43, 176, 45, 184, 47, 192, 49, 200, 51, 208, 53, 216, 55, 224, 57, 232, 59

Offset: 0

Omar E. Pol, Sep 10 2011

A008590 and A005408 interleaved. This is 8*n if n is even, n if n is odd, if n>=0.
Partial sums give the generalized 12-gonal (or dodecagonal) numbers A195162.
The moment generating function of p(x, m=2, n=1, mu=2) = 4*x*E(x, 2, 1), see A163931 and A274181, is given by M(a) = (- 4*log(1-a) - 4 * polylog(2, a))/a^2. The series expansion of M(a) leads to the sequence given above. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 03 2016
a(n) is also the length of the n-th line segment of the rectangular spiral whose vertices are the generalized 12-gonal numbers. - Omar E. Pol, Jul 27 2018

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,2,0,-1).

Column 8 of A195151.
Sequences whose partial sums give the generalized n-gonal numbers, if n>=5: A026741, A001477, zero together with A080512, A022998, A195140, zero together with A165998, A195159, this sequence, A195312.
Cf. A144433.

&cat[[8*n, 2*n+1]: n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 27 2011

a := proc(n): (6*(-1)^n+10)*n/4 end: seq(a(n), n=0..59); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 03 2016

With[{nn=30},Riffle[8*Range[0,nn],2*Range[0,nn]+1]] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{0,2,0,-1},{0,1,8,3},60] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 24 2013 *)

concat(0, Vec(x*(1+8*x+x^2)/((1-x)^2*(1+x)^2) + O(x^99))) \\ Altug Alkan, Jul 04 2016

a(2n) = 8n, a(2n+1) = 2n+1. [corrected by Omar E. Pol, Jul 26 2018]
a(n) = (6*(-1)^n+10)*n/4. - Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 27 2011
a(n) = 2*a(n-2)-a(n-4). G.f.: x*(1+8*x+x^2)/((1-x)^2*(1+x)^2). - Colin Barker, Aug 11 2012
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 03 2016: (Start)
a(m*2^k) = m*2^(k+2), k>0.
E.g.f.: x*(4*sinh(x) + cosh(x)).
Dirichlet g.f.: 2^(-s)*(2^s + 6)*zeta(s-1). (End)
Multiplicative with a(2^e) = 4*2^e, a(p^e) = p^e for odd prime p. - Andrew Howroyd, Jul 23 2018
a(n) = A144433(n-1) for n > 1. - Georg Fischer, Oct 14 2018

A112302 Decimal expansion of quadratic recurrence constant sqrt(1 * sqrt(2 * sqrt(3 * sqrt(4 * ...)))).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 6, 1, 6, 8, 7, 9, 4, 9, 6, 3, 3, 5, 9, 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 9, 5, 8, 1, 8, 9, 2, 2, 7, 4, 9, 9, 5, 0, 7, 4, 9, 9, 6, 4, 4, 1, 8, 6, 3, 5, 0, 2, 5, 0, 6, 8, 2, 0, 8, 1, 8, 9, 7, 1, 1, 1, 6, 8, 0, 2, 5, 6, 0, 9, 0, 2, 9, 8, 2, 6, 3, 8, 3, 7, 2, 7, 9, 0, 8, 3, 6, 9, 1, 7, 6, 4, 1, 1, 4, 6, 1, 1, 6, 7, 1, 5, 5, 2, 8

Offset: 1

Michael Somos, Sep 02 2005

From Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 27 2016: (Start)
With Phi(z, p, q) the Lerch transcendent, define LP(n) = (1/n) * sum(Phi(1/2, n-k, 1) * LP(k), k=0..n-1), with LP(0) = 1. Conjecture: Lim_{n -> infinity} LP(n) = A112302.
For similar formulas, see A090998 and A135002. For background information, see A274181.
The structure of the n! * LP(n) formulas leads to the multinomial coefficients A036039. (End)

			1.6616879496335941212958189227499507499644186350250682081897111680...

S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003, p. 446.
S. Ramanujan, Collected Papers, Ed. G. H. Hardy et al., AMS Chelsea 2000. See Appendix I. p. 348.

Robert G. Wilson v, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1011
Steven Finch, Errata and Addenda to Mathematical Constants, arXiv:2001.00578 [math.HO], 2020, Section 6.10.
Hibiki Gima, Toshiki Matsusaka, Taichi Miyazaki, and Shunta Yara, On integrality and asymptotic behavior of the (k,l)-Göbel sequences, arXiv:2402.09064 [math.NT], 2024. See p. 2.
Olivier Golinelli, Remote control system of a binary tree of switches - II. balancing for a perfect binary tree, arXiv:2405.16968 [cs.DM], 2024. See p. 17.
M. D. Hirschhorn, A note on Somos' quadratic recurrence constant, J. Number Theory 131 (2011), 2061-2063.
Dawei Lu and Zexi Song, Some new continued fraction estimates of the Somos' quadratic recurrence constant, Journal of Number Theory, 155 (2015), 36-45.
Dawei Lu, Xiaoguang Wang, and Ruiqing Xu, Some New Exponential-Function Estimates of the Somos' Quadratic Recurrence Constant, Results in Mathematics 74(1) (2019), Article 6.
Cristinel Mortici, Estimating the Somos' quadratic recurrence constant, J. Number Theory 130 (2010), 2650-1657.
Jesús Guillera and Jonathan Sondow, Double integrals and infinite products for some classical constants via analytic continuations of Lerch's transcendent, arXiv:math/0506319 [math.NT], 2005-2006; see page 8.
Jesús Guillera and Jonathan Sondow, Double integrals and infinite products for some classical constants via analytic continuations of Lerch's transcendent, Ramanujan J. 16 (2008), 247-270.
Jörg Neunhäuserer, On the universality of Somos' constant, arXiv:2006.02882 [math.DS], 2020.
Jonathan Sondow and Petros Hadjicostas, The generalized-Euler-constant function gamma(z) and a generalization of Somos's quadratic recurrence constant, arXiv:math/0610499 [math.CA], 2006.
Jonathan Sondow and Petros Hadjicostas, The generalized-Euler-constant function gamma(z) and a generalization of Somos's quadratic recurrence constant, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 332 (2007), 292-314.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Somos's Quadratic Recurrence Constant.
Wikipedia, Somos' quadratic recurrence constant
Xu You and Di-Rong Chen, Improved continued fraction sequence convergent to the Somos' quadratic recurrence constant, Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 436(1) (2016), 513-520.

Cf. A052129, A055209, A116603, A123851, A123852, A123853, A123854.
Cf. A114124 (log).
Cf. A036039, A090998, A135002, A188834, A259235, A274181.

RealDigits[ Fold[ N[ Sqrt[ #2*#1], 128] &, Sqrt@ 351, Reverse@ Range@ 350], 10, 111][[1]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 05 2010 *)
Exp[-Derivative[1, 0][PolyLog][0, 1/2]] // RealDigits[#, 10, 105]& // First (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 07 2014, after Jonathan Sondow *)

{a(n) = if( n<-1, 0, n++; default( realprecision, n+2); floor( prodinf( k=1, k^2^-k)* 10^n) % 10)};

prodinf(n=1,n^2^-n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 07 2013

from mpmath import polylog, diff, exp, mp
mp.dps = 120
somos_const = exp(-diff(lambda n: polylog(n, 1/2), 0))
A112302 = [int(d) for d in mp.nstr(somos_const, n=mp.dps)[:-1] if d != '.']  # Jwalin Bhatt, Nov 23 2024

Equals Product_{n>=1} n^(1/2^n). - Jonathan Sondow, Apr 07 2013
Equals exp(A114124) = A188834/2 = sqrt(A259235). - Hugo Pfoertner, Nov 23 2024
From Jwalin Bhatt, Apr 02 2025: (Start)
Equals exp(-PolyLog'(0,1/2)), where PolyLog'(x,y) represents the derivative of the polylogarithm w.r.t. x.
Equals Product_{n>=1} (1+1/n)^(1/2^n).
Equals exp(Sum_{n>=2} log(n)/2^n).
Equals 2*exp(Sum_{n>=1} (log(1+1/n)-1/n)/2^n). (End)

A168077 a(2n) = A129194(2n)/2; a(2n+1) = A129194(2n+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 9, 4, 25, 9, 49, 16, 81, 25, 121, 36, 169, 49, 225, 64, 289, 81, 361, 100, 441, 121, 529, 144, 625, 169, 729, 196, 841, 225, 961, 256, 1089, 289, 1225, 324, 1369, 361, 1521, 400, 1681, 441, 1849, 484, 2025, 529, 2209, 576, 2401, 625, 2601

Offset: 0

Paul Curtz, Nov 18 2009

From Paul Curtz, Mar 26 2011: (Start)
Successive A026741(n) * A026741(n+p):
  p=0:  0, 1,  1,  9,  4, 25,  9,     a(n),
  p=1:  0, 1,  3,  6, 10, 15, 21,  A000217,
  p=2:  0, 3,  2, 15,  6, 35, 12,  A142705,
  p=3:  0, 2,  5,  9, 14, 20, 27,  A000096,
  p=4:  0, 5,  3, 21,  8, 45, 15,  A171621,
  p=5:  0, 3,  7, 12, 18, 25, 33,  A055998,
  p=6:  0, 7,  4, 27, 10, 55, 18,
  p=7:  0, 4,  9, 15, 22, 30, 39,  A055999,
  p=8:  0, 9,  5, 33, 12, 65, 21,  (see A061041),
  p=9:  0, 5, 11, 18, 26, 35, 45,  A056000. (End)
The moment generating function of p(x, m=2, n=1, mu=2) = 4*x*E(x, 2, 1), see A163931 and A274181, is given by M(a) = (-4 * log(1-a) - 4 * polylog(2, a))/a^2. The series expansion of M(a) leads to the sequence given above. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 03 2016
Multiplicative because both A129194 and A040001 are. - Andrew Howroyd, Jul 26 2018

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
John M. Campbell, An Integral Representation of Kekulé Numbers, and Double Integrals Related to Smarandache Sequences, arXiv preprint arXiv:1105.3399 [math.GM], 2011.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,3,0,-3,0,1).

Cf. A040001, A168068, A181318.

I:=[0,1,1,9,4,25]; [n le 6 select I[n] else 3*Self(n-2)-3*Self(n-4)+Self(n-6): n in [1..60]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 10 2016

a := proc(n): n^2*(5-3*(-1)^n)/8 end: seq(a(n), n=0..46); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 03 2016

LinearRecurrence[{0,3,0,-3,0,1},{0,1,1,9,4,25},60] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 14 2011 *)
f[n_] := Numerator[(n/2)^2]; Array[f, 60, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 18 2012 *)
CoefficientList[Series[x(1+x+6x^2+x^3+x^4)/((1-x)^3(1+x)^3), {x,0,60}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 10 2016 *)

concat(0, Vec(x*(1+x+6*x^2+x^3+x^4)/((1-x)^3*(1+x)^3) + O(x^60))) \\ Altug Alkan, Jul 04 2016

a(n) = lcm(4, n^2)/4; \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jul 26 2018

(x*(1+x+6*x^2+x^3+x^4)/(1-x^2)^3).series(x, 60).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Feb 20 2019

From R. J. Mathar, Jan 22 2011: (Start)
G.f.: x*(1 + x + 6*x^2 + x^3 + x^4) / ((1-x)^3*(1+x)^3).
a(n) = 3*a(n-2) - 3*a(n-4) + a(n-6).
a(n) = n^2*(5 - 3*(-1)^n)/8. (End)
a(n) = A026741(n)^2.
a(2*n) = A000290(n); a(2*n+1) = A016754(n).
a(n) - a(n-4) = 4*A064680(n+2). - Paul Curtz, Mar 27 2011
4*a(n) = A061038(n) * A010121(n+2) = A109043(n)^2, n >= 2. - Paul Curtz, Apr 07 2011
a(n) = A129194(n) / A040001(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Jul 26 2018
From Peter Bala, Feb 19 2019: (Start)
a(n) = numerator(n^2/(n^2 + 4)) = n^2/(gcd(n^2,4)) = (n/gcd(n,2))^2.
a(n) = n^2/b(n), where b(n) = [1, 4, 1, 4, ...] is a purely periodic sequence of period 2. Thus a(n) is a quasi-polynomial in n.
O.g.f.: x*(1 + x)/(1 - x)^3 - 3*x^2*(1 + x^2)/(1 - x^2)^3.
Cf. A181318. (End)
From Werner Schulte, Aug 30 2020: (Start)
Multiplicative with a(2^e) = 2^(2*e-2) for e > 0, and a(p^e) = p^(2*e) for prime p > 2.
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-2) * (1 - 3/2^s).
Dirichlet convolution with A259346 equals A000290.
Sum_{n>0} 1/a(n) = Pi^2 * 7 / 24. (End)
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ (5/24) * n^3. - Amiram Eldar, Nov 28 2022

A262343 Numerator of 3*(1-2/n), for n >= 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 9, 2, 15, 9, 7, 12, 27, 5, 33, 18, 13, 21, 45, 8, 51, 27, 19, 30, 63, 11, 69, 36, 25, 39, 81, 14, 87, 45, 31, 48, 99, 17, 105, 54, 37, 57, 117, 20, 123, 63, 43, 66, 135, 23, 141, 72, 49, 75, 153, 26, 159, 81, 55, 84, 171, 29, 177, 90, 61, 93, 189, 32

Offset: 3

Kival Ngaokrajang, Sep 18 2015

Given a regular n-gon with side length s, draw a circular arc of radius s around each of the n-gon's vertices so as to connect that vertex's two nearest neighbors, drawing the arc on the shorter side of the circle; i.e., each arc will extend through an angle of Pi*(n-2)/n radians (see illustration). Connect the n arcs thus drawn into a single closed curve if n is odd, or into a pair of identical (but with one rotated by 2*Pi/n radians with respect to the other) overlapping closed curves if n is even. The arcs and the curve (or pair of curves) have the following properties:
(i) Since the length L(n) of each single arc is L(n) = s*Pi*(n-2)/n, the ratio of the length of a single arc for an n-gon to the length of a single arc for the n=3 case is L(n)/L(3) = (s*Pi*(n-2)/n)/(s*Pi*(3-2)/3) = 3(1-2/n). The numerator and denominator of 3(1-2/n) are a(n) and A060789(n) respectively.
(ii) Since the loop length (considering only one of the two loops when there are two overlapping loops) is L(n)*n when n is odd, or L(n)*n/2 when n is even, the ratio of the loop length for an n-gon to the loop length for the n=3 case is (L(n)*n)/(L(3)*3) = (s*Pi*(n-2))/(s*Pi) = n-2 when n is odd, or (L(n)*n/2)/(L(3)*3) = (s*Pi*(n-2)/2)/(s*Pi) = (n-2)/2 when n is even; thus, whether odd or even, that ratio is numerator(1-2/n) = A026741(n-2).
The moment generating function of p(x, m=1, n=2, mu=2) = 3*x*E(x, 1, 2), see A163931 and A274181, is given by M(a) = (3*a-6)/(a^2*(a-1)) + 6*log(1-a)/a^3. The series expansion of M(a) leads to the sequence given above. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 04 2016

Peter Kagey, Table of n, a(n) for n = 3..10000
Kival Ngaokrajang, Illustration of initial terms
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,-1).

Cf. A060789, A026741.

[Numerator(3*(1-2/n)): n in [3..80]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 19 2015

a:= proc(n): numer(3*(n-2)/n) end: seq(a(n), n=3..66); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 03 2016

Table[Numerator[3 (1 - 2/n)], {n, 3, 60}] (* Michael De Vlieger, Sep 18 2015 *)

{for(n=3, 100, a=numerator(3*(1-2/n)); print1 (a, ", "))}

Vec(x^3*(3*x^10+x^9+9*x^8+6*x^7+5*x^6+9*x^5+15*x^4+2*x^3+9*x^2+3*x+1)/((x-1)^2*(x+1)^2*(x^2-x+1)^2*(x^2+x+1)^2) + O(x^100)) \\ Colin Barker, Sep 20 2015

a(n) = numerator(3*(1-2/n)), for n >= 3.
From Peter Kagey, Sep 18 2015: (Start)
For integers k:
a(6k+0) =  3 * k - 1
a(6k+1) = 18 * k - 3
a(6k+2) =  9 * k + 1
a(6k+3) =  6 * k + 1
a(6k+4) =  9 * k + 3
a(6k+5) = 18 * k + 9
(End)
From Colin Barker, Sep 20 2015: (Start)
a(n) = 2*a(n-6) - a(n-12).
G.f.: x^3*(3*x^10+x^9+9*x^8+6*x^7+5*x^6+9*x^5+15*x^4+2*x^3+9*x^2+3*x+1) / ((x-1)^2*(x+1)^2*(x^2-x+1)^2*(x^2+x+1)^2).
(End)

More terms from Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 19 2015

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A000312 a(n) = n^n; number of labeled mappings from n points to themselves (endofunctions).

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A008276 Triangle of Stirling numbers of first kind, s(n, n-k+1), n >= 1, 1 <= k <= n. Also triangle T(n,k) giving coefficients in expansion of n!*binomial(x,n)/x in powers of x.

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A195161 Multiples of 8 and odd numbers interleaved.

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A112302 Decimal expansion of quadratic recurrence constant sqrt(1 * sqrt(2 * sqrt(3 * sqrt(4 * ...)))).

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A168077 a(2n) = A129194(2n)/2; a(2n+1) = A129194(2n+1).

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