A001286 -id:A001286 - cp's OEIS frontend

A271703 Triangle read by rows: the unsigned Lah numbers T(n, k) = binomial(n-1, k-1)*n!/k! if n > 0 and k > 0, T(n, 0) = 0^n and otherwise 0, for n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 6, 6, 1, 0, 24, 36, 12, 1, 0, 120, 240, 120, 20, 1, 0, 720, 1800, 1200, 300, 30, 1, 0, 5040, 15120, 12600, 4200, 630, 42, 1, 0, 40320, 141120, 141120, 58800, 11760, 1176, 56, 1, 0, 362880, 1451520, 1693440, 846720, 211680, 28224, 2016, 72, 1

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Apr 14 2016

The Lah numbers can be seen as the case m=1 of the family of triangles T_{m}(n,k) = T_{m}(n-1,k-1)+(k^m+(n-1)^m)*T_{m}(n-1,k) (see the link 'Partition transform').

This is the Sheffer triangle (lower triangular infinite matrix) (1, x/(1-x)), an element of the Jabotinsky subgroup of the Sheffer group. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 12 2017

			As a rectangular array (diagonals of the triangle):
  1,      1,       1,       1,       1,       1,       ... A000012
  0,      2,       6,       12,      20,      30,      ... A002378
  0,      6,       36,      120,     300,     630,     ... A083374
  0,      24,      240,     1200,    4200,    11760,   ... A253285
  0,      120,     1800,    12600,   58800,   211680,  ...
  0,      720,     15120,   141120,  846720,  3810240, ...
A000007, A000142, A001286, A001754, A001755,  A001777.
The triangle T(n,k) begins:
n\k 0       1        2        3        4       5      6     7    8  9 10 ...
0:  1
1:  0       1
2:  0       2        1
3:  0       6        6        1
4:  0      24       36       12        1
5:  0     120      240      120       20       1
6:  0     720     1800     1200      300      30      1
7:  0    5040    15120    12600     4200     630     42     1
8:  0   40320   141120   141120    58800   11760   1176    56    1
9:  0  362880  1451520  1693440   846720  211680  28224  2016   72  1
10: 0 3628800 16329600 21772800 12700800 3810240 635040 60480 3240 90  1
...  - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jun 12 2017

R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, Addison-Wesley, 2nd ed., pp. 312, 552.
I. Lah, Eine neue Art von Zahlen, ihre Eigenschaften und Anwendung in der mathematischen Statistik, Mitt.-Bl. Math. Statistik, 7:203-213, 1955.
T. Mansour, M. Schork, Commutation Relations, Normal Ordering, and Stirling Numbers, CRC Press, 2016

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..11475 (rows 0 <= n <= 150, flattened)
Richell O. Celeste, Roberto B. Corcino, and Ken Joffaniel M. Gonzales, Two Approaches to Normal Order Coefficients, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 20 (2017), Article 17.3.5.
M. F. Hasler and Peter Luschny, Formulas for A271703, OEIS Wiki, Aug. 2017.
S. A. Joni, G.-C. Rota, and B. Sagan, From sets to functions: Three elementary examples, Discrete Mathematics, Volume 37, Issues 2-3, 1981, 193-202.
Marin Knežević, Vedran Krčadinac, and Lucija Relić, Matrix products of binomial coefficients and unsigned Stirling numbers, arXiv:2012.15307 [math.CO], 2020.
D. E. Knuth, Convolution polynomials, Mathematica J. 2.1 (1992), no. 4, 67-78.
Peter Luschny, Lah numbers
Peter Luschny, Partition transform
Robert S. Maier, Boson Operator Ordering Identities from Generalized Stirling and Eulerian Numbers, arXiv:2308.10332 [math.CO], 2023. See. p. 18.
Piotr Miska and Maciej Ulas, On some properties of the number of permutations being products of pairwise disjoint d-cycles, arXiv:1904.03395 [math.NT], 2019.
Emanuele Munarini, Combinatorial identities involving the central coefficients of a Sheffer matrix, Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics (2019) Vol. 13, 495-517.
Elena L. Wang and Guoce Xin, On Ward Numbers and Increasing Schröder Trees, arXiv:2507.15654 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 12.

Variants: A008297 the main entry for these numbers, A105278, A111596 (signed).
A000262 (row sums). Largest number of the n-th row in A002868.
Cf. A097805, A354795, A360177.

T := (n, k) -> `if`(n=k, 1, binomial(n-1,k-1)*n!/k!):
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..9);

T[n_, k_] := Binomial[n, k]*FactorialPower[n-1, n-k];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 9}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 20 2017 *)

@cached_function
def T(n,k):
    if k<0 : return 0
    if k==n: return 1
    return T(n-1,k-1) + (k+n-1)*T(n-1,k)
for n in (0..8): print([T(n,k) for k in (0..n)])

For a collection of formulas see the 'Lah numbers' link.
T(n, k) = A097805(n, k)*n!/k! = (-1)^k*P_{n, k}(1,1,1,...) where P_{n, k}(s) is the partition transform of s.
T(n, k) = coeff(n! * P(n), x, k) with P(n) = (1/n)*(Sum_{k=0..n-1}(x(n-k)*P(k))), for n >= 1 and P(n=0) = 1, with x(n) = n*x. See A036039. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 08 2016
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 12 2017: (Start)
E.g.f. of row polynomials R(n, x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*x^k (that is egf of the triangle) is exp(x*t/(1-t)) (a Sheffer triangle of the Jabotinsky type).
E.g.f. column k: (t/(1-t))^k/k!.
Three term recurrence: T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + (n-1+k)*T(n, k-1), n >= 1, k = 0..n, with T(0, 0) =1, T(n, -1) = 0, T(n, k) = 0 if n < k.
T(n, k) = binomial(n, k)*fallfac(x=n-1, n-k), with fallfac(x, n) = Product_{j=0..(n-1)} (x - j), for n >= 1, and 0 for n = 0.
risefac(x, n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*fallfac(k), with risefac(x, n) = Product_{j=0..(n-1)} (x + j), for n >= 1, and 0 for n = 0.
See Graham et al., exercise 31, p. 312, solution p. 552. (End)
Formally, let f_n(x) = Sum_{k>n} (k-1)!*x^k; then f_n(x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)* x^(n+k)*f_0^((k))(x), where ^((k)) stands for the k-th derivative. - Luc Rousseau, Dec 27 2020
T(n, k) = Sum_{j=k..n} A354795(n, j)*A360177(j, k). - Mélika Tebni, Feb 02 2023
T(n, k) = binomial(n, k)*(n-1)!/(k-1)! for n, k > 0. - Chai Wah Wu, Nov 30 2023

A002868 Largest number in n-th row of triangle of Lah numbers (A008297 and A271703).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 6, 36, 240, 1800, 15120, 141120, 1693440, 21772800, 299376000, 4390848000, 68497228800, 1133317785600, 19833061248000, 396661224960000, 8299373322240000, 181400588328960000, 4135933413900288000, 98228418580131840000, 2426819753156198400000

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
Victor Meally, Comparison of several sequences given in Motzkin's paper "Sorting numbers for cylinders...", letter to N. J. A. Sloane, N. D.
T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers for cylinders and other classification numbers, in Combinatorics, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 19, AMS, 1971, pp. 167-176. [Annotated, scanned copy]
OEIS Wiki, Sorting numbers

Essentially the same as A001286.

Cf. A000262, A008297, A105278, A271703.

a002868 n = if n == 0 then 1 else maximum $ map abs $ a008297_row n
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 30 2014

with(combinat): for n from 0 to 35 do big := 1: for m from 1 to n do if big < n!*binomial(n-1,m-1)/m! then big := n!*binomial(n-1,m-1)/m! fi: od: printf(`%d,`,big): od:

a[n_] := ( big = 1; For[ m = 1 , m <= n, m++, b = n!*Binomial[n - 1, m - 1]/m!; If[ big < b , big = b ]]; big); Table[a[n], {n, 0, 19}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 21 2012, after Maple *)

For 2 <= n <= 7, equals (n+1)!*n/2. - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Oct 16 2006

More terms from James Sellers, Jan 03 2001

A053495 Triangle formed by coefficients of numerator polynomials defined by iterating f(u,v) = 1/u - x*v applied to a list of elements {1,2,3,4,...}.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -1, -1, 2, -2, 1, -4, 6, -6, -1, 6, -18, 24, -24, 1, -9, 36, -96, 120, -120, -1, 12, -72, 240, -600, 720, -720, 1, -16, 120, -600, 1800, -4320, 5040, -5040, -1, 20, -200, 1200, -5400, 15120, -35280, 40320, -40320, 1, -25, 300, -2400, 12600

Offset: 0

Wouter Meeussen, Jan 27 2001

			1, 1 - x, -1 + 2*x - 2*x^2, 1 - 4*x + 6*x^2 - 6*x^3, ...

Diagonals give A000142, A001563, A001286, A001809, A001754, A001810, A001755, A001811, A001777. Except for first term, row sums give negative of A058307.

Row sums of positive entries give A001053, those of negative entries give -1*A001040.

CoefficientList[ #, x ]&/@Numerator[ FoldList[ (1/#1-x#2)&, 1, Range[ 12 ] ]//Together ]
FoldList[(1/#1-x#2)&, 1, Range[4] ]//Together (a simpler version, which shows the rational functions)

Table[ (-1)^(r+c+1) binomial[Floor[(r+c)/2], Floor[(r-c)/2]] Floor[(r+c+1)/2]! / Floor[(r-c+1)/2]!, {r, 0, 7}, {c, 0, r}]

a[0] := -1; a[1] := 1-x; a[n_] := a[n]= n x a[n-1] + a[n-2] (matches sequence except for a[0]).

A062119 a(n) = n! * (n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 12, 72, 480, 3600, 30240, 282240, 2903040, 32659200, 399168000, 5269017600, 74724249600, 1133317785600, 18307441152000, 313841848320000, 5690998849536000, 108840352997376000, 2189611807358976000, 46225138155356160000, 1021818843434188800000

Offset: 1

Olivier Gérard, Jun 13 2001

For n > 0, a(n) = number of permutations of length n+1 that have 2 predetermined elements nonadjacent; e.g., for n=2, the permutations with, say, 1 and 2 nonadjacent are 132 and 231, therefore a(2)=2. - Jon Perry, Jun 08 2003
Number of multiplications performed when computing the determinant of an n X n matrix by definition. - Mats Granvik, Sep 12 2008
Sum of the length of all cycles (excluding fixed points) in all permutations of [n]. - Olivier Gérard, Oct 23 2012
Number of permutations of n distinct objects (ABC...) 1 (one) times >>("-", A, AB, ABC, ABCD, ABCDE, ..., ABCDEFGHIJK, infinity) and one after the other to resemble motif: A (1) AB (1-1), AAB (2-1), AAAB (3-1), AAAAB (4-1), AAAAAB (5-1), AAAAAAB (6-1), AAAAAAAB (7-1), AAAAAAAAB (8-1) etc.,>> "1(one) fixed point". Example:motif: AAAB (or BBBA) 12 * one (1) fixed point etc. Let: AAAB ................ 'A'BCD 1. 'A'BDC 2. 'A'CBD 3. ACDB 'A'DBC 4. 'A'DCB B'A'CD 5. B'A'DC 6. BCAD 7. BCDA BD'A'C 8. BDCA C'A'BD 9. C'A'DB CB'A'D 10. CBDA CDAB CDBA D'A'BC 11. DACB DB'A'C 12. DBCA DCAB DCBA. - Zerinvary Lajos, Nov 27 2009 (does anybody understand what this is supposed to say? - Joerg Arndt, Jan 10 2015)
a(n) is the number of ways to arrange n books on two bookshelves so that each shelf receives at least one book. - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 21 2010
a(n) = number whose factorial base representation (A007623) begins with digit {n-1} and is followed by n-1 zeros. Viewed in that base, this sequence looks like this: 0, 10, 200, 3000, 40000, 500000, 6000000, 70000000, 800000000, 9000000000, A0000000000, B00000000000, ... (where "digits" A and B stand for placeholder values 10 and 11 respectively). - Antti Karttunen, May 07 2015

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100
Milan Janjic, Enumerative Formulas for Some Functions on Finite Sets
Ugbene Ifeanyichukwu Jeff, Ogundele Olaniyi Suraju, and Ndubuisi Rich Ugochukwu, Digraph of the full transformation semigroup, J. Disc. Math. Sci. Crypt. (2021).
Luis Manuel Rivera, Integer sequences and k-commuting permutations, arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.3081 [math.CO], 2014-2015.
S. R. Schmitt Determinants [From _Mats Granvik_, Sep 12 2008]
Index entries for sequences related to factorial base representation

Column 2 of A257503 (apart from initial zero. Equally, row 2 of A257505).
Cf. A001286 (same sequence divided by 2).
Cf. A000142, A007623, A018931, A052849.
Cf. A001563. - Zerinvary Lajos, Aug 27 2008
Cf. sequences with formula (n + k)*n! listed in A282466.
Cf. A001113, A001620, A068985, A091725, A099285.

a062119 n = (n - 1) * a000142 n  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 27 2012

G(x):=x^2/(1-x)^2: f[0]:=G(x): for n from 1 to 19 do f[n]:=diff(f[n-1],x) od: x:=0: seq(f[n],n=1..19); # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 01 2009

a[n_]:=1*(n+2)!-2*(n+1)!; (* or *) a[n_]:=n!*(n-1); (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Dec 05 2008 *)
Table[n!(n-1),{n,20}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 29 2021 *)

{ f=1; for (n=1, 100, f*=n; write("b062119.txt", n, " ", f*(n - 1)) ) } \\ Harry J. Smith, Aug 02 2009

a(n) = n!*(n-1); \\ Altug Alkan, May 04 2018

(define (A062119 n) (* (- n 1) (A000142 n))) ;; Antti Karttunen, May 07 2015

a(n) = n! * (n-1).
E.g.f.: x^2/(1-x)^2. - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 21 2010
a(n) = 2 * A001286(n).
a(n) = A001563(n) - A000142(n). - Antti Karttunen, May 07 2015, hinted by crossref left by Lajos.
From Amiram Eldar, Jul 11 2020: (Start)
Sum_{n>=2} 1/a(n) = Ei(1) + 2 - e - gamma = A091725 + 2 - A001113 - A001620.
Sum_{n>=2} (-1)^n/a(n) = gamma - Ei(-1) - 1/e = A001620 + A099285 - A068985. (End)

Last term a(19) corrected by Harry J. Smith, Aug 02 2009

A051683 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = n!*k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, 720, 1440, 2160, 2880, 3600, 4320, 5040, 10080, 15120, 20160, 25200, 30240, 35280, 40320, 80640, 120960, 161280, 201600, 241920, 282240, 322560, 362880, 725760, 1088640, 1451520, 1814400, 2177280, 2540160, 2903040, 3265920

Offset: 1

Klaus Strassburger (strass(AT)ddfi.uni-duesseldorf.de)

Numbers with only one nonzero digit when written in factorial base. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Nov 28 2011
In other words, numbers m such that A034968(m) = A099563(m). - Antti Karttunen, Jul 02 2013
When the numbers denote finite permutations (as row numbers of A055089) these are the circular shifts to the right within an interval. The subsequence A001563 denotes the circular shifts that start with the first element. Compare A211370 for circular shifts to the left. - Tilman Piesk, Apr 29 2017

			Table begins
   1;
   2,  4;
   6, 12, 18;
  24, 48, 72, 96; ...

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n=1..150 of triangle, flattened
Tilman Piesk, Circular shifts to the right (Arrays of permutations).

Cf. A000142, A002024, A002260, row sums give A001286(n+1).

Cf. A001563, A007623, A034968, A099563, A200748, A162608, A347952.

a051683 n k = a051683_tabl !! (n-1) !! (k-1)
a051683_row n = a051683_tabl !! (n-1)
a051683_tabl = map fst $ iterate f ([1], 2) where
   f (row, n) = (row' ++ [head row' + last row'], n + 1) where
     row' = map (* n) row
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 09 2012

[[Factorial(n)*k: k in [1..n]]: n in [1..15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 15 2015

T[n_, k_] := n!*k; Flatten[Table[T[n, k], {n, 9}, {k, n}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 22 2011 *)

for(n=1,10, for(k=1,n, print1(n!*k, ", "))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Mar 27 2018

from math import isqrt, factorial, comb
def A051683(n): return factorial(a:=(m:=isqrt(k:=n<<1))+(k>m*(m+1)))*(n-comb(a,2)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 25 2025

(define (A051683 n) (* (A000142 (A002024 n)) (A002260 n))) ;; Antti Karttunen, Jul 02 2013

T(n,k) = A000142(A002024(n)) * A002260(n,k) = A002024(n)! * A002260(n,k) - Antti Karttunen, Jul 02 2013

Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = e * (gamma - Ei(-1)) = A347952. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 13 2024

A122843 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = the number of ascending runs of length k in the permutations of [n] for k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 7, 4, 1, 32, 21, 6, 1, 180, 130, 41, 8, 1, 1200, 930, 312, 67, 10, 1, 9240, 7560, 2646, 602, 99, 12, 1, 80640, 68880, 24864, 5880, 1024, 137, 14, 1, 786240, 695520, 257040, 62496, 11304, 1602, 181, 16, 1, 8467200, 7711200, 2903040, 720720, 133920, 19710, 2360, 231, 18, 1

Offset: 1

David Scambler, Sep 13 2006

Also T(n,k) = number of rising sequences of length k among all permutations. E.g., T(4,3)=6 because in the 24 permutations of n=4, there are 6 rising sequences of length 3: {1,2,3} in {1,2,4,3}, {1,2,3} in {1,4,2,3}, {2,3,4} in {2,1,3,4}, {2,3,4} in {2,3,1,4}, {2,3,4} in {2,3,4,1}, {1,2,3} in {4,1,2,3}. - Harlan J. Brothers, Jul 23 2008
Further comments and formulas from Harlan J. Brothers, Jul 23 2008: (Start)
The n-th row sums to (n+1)!/2, consistent with total count implied by the n-th row in the table of Eulerians, A008292.
Generating this triangle through use of the diagonal polynomials allows one to produce an arbitrary number of "imaginary" columns corresponding to runs of length 0, -1, -2, etc. These columns match A001286, A001048 and the factorial function respectively.
As n->inf, there is a limiting value for the count of each length expressed as a fraction of all rising sequences in the permutations of n. The numerators of the set of limit fractions are given by A028387 and the denominators by A001710.
As a table of diagonals d[i]:
d[1][n] = 1
d[2][n] = 2n
d[3][n] = 3n^2 + 5n - 1
d[4][n] = 4n^3 + 18n^2 + 16n - 6
d[5][n] = 5n^4 + 42n^3 + 106n^2 + 63n - 36
d[6][n] = 6n^5 + 80n^4 + 374n^3 + 688n^2 + 292n - 240
T[n,k] = n!(n(k^2 + k - 1) - k(k^2 - 4) + 1)/(k+2)! + floor(k/n)(1/(k(k+3)+2)), 0 < k <= n.  (End)

			T(3,2) = 4: There are 4 ascending runs of length 2 in the permutations of [3], namely 13 in 132 and in 213, 23 in 231, 12 in 312.
Triangle begins:
    1;
    2,   1;
    7,   4,   1;
   32,  21,   6,   1;
  180, 130,  41,   8,   1;
  ...

C. M. Grinstead and J. L. Snell, Introduction to Probability, American Mathematical Society, 1997, pp.120-131.
Donald E. Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming. Vol. 2. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1998. Seminumerical algorithms, Third edition, Section 3.3.2, p.67.

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 1..141, flattened
Persi Diaconis, Mathematical developments from the analysis of riffle shuffling, p.4.
Francis Edward Su, Rising Sequences in Card Shuffling

Cf. A008292, A097900, A001286, A001048, A000142, A028387, A001710.
Cf. A122844, A001710, A006157, A005460.
T(2n+j,n+j) for j = 0..10 gives A230382, A230251, A230342, A230343, A230344, A230345, A230346, A230347, A230348, A230349, A230350.

T:= (n, k)-> `if`(n=k, 1, n!/(k+1)!*(k*(n-k+1)+1
             -((k+1)*(n-k)+1)/(k+2))):
seq(seq(T(n,k), k=1..n), n=1..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 11 2013

Table[n!((n(k(k+1)-1)-k(k-2)(k+2)+1))/(k+2)!+Floor[k/n]1/(k(k+3)+2),{n,1,10},{k,1,n}]//TableForm (* Harlan J. Brothers, Jul 23 2008 *)

T(n,k) = n!(n(k(k+1)-1) - k(k-2)(k+2) + 1)/(k+2)! for 0 < k < n; T(n,n) = 1; T(n,k) = A122844(n,k) - A122844(n,k+1).

T(n,k) = A008304(n,k) for k > n/2. - Alois P. Heinz, Oct 17 2013

A060638 Triangle T(n,k) (0 <= k <= n) giving number of edges in the "flip graph" whose nodes are tilings of the k-dimensional zonotope constructed from n vectors.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 0, 4, 1, 0, 12, 6, 1, 0, 32, 36, 8, 1, 0, 80, 240, 100, 10, 1, 0, 192, 1800, 2144, 264, 12, 1, 0, 448, 15120, 80360, 22624, 672, 14, 1, 0, 1024, 141120

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 16 2001

The zonotope Z(n,k) is the projection of the n-dimensional hypercube onto the k-dimensional space and the tiles are the projections of the k-dimensional faces of the hypercube.

A. Bjorner, M. Las Vergnas, B. Sturmfels, N. White and G. M. Ziegler, Oriented Matroids, Encyclopedia of Mathematics 46, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1999
Victor Reiner, The generalized Baues problem, in New Perspectives in Algebraic Combinatorics (Berkeley, CA, 1996-1997), 293-336, Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ., 38, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1999.

N. Destainville, R. Mosseri and F. Bailly, Fixed-boundary octagonal random tilings: a combinatorial approach, arXiv:cond-mat/0004145 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2000.
N. Destainville, R. Mosseri and F. Bailly, Fixed-boundary octagonal random tilings: a combinatorial approach, Journal of Statistical Physics, 102 (2001), no. 1-2, 147-190.
M. Latapy, Generalized Integer Partitions, Tilings of Zonotopes and Lattices, arXiv:math/0008022 [math.CO], 2000.

Diagonals give A001787, A001286, A060570, A060608, A060612, A060614, A060616-A060619, A060621-A060624. Cf. A060637.

Edited by Manfred Scheucher, Mar 08 2022

A132159 Lower triangular matrix T(n,j) for double application of an iterated mixed order Laguerre transform inverse to A132014. Coefficients of Laguerre polynomials (-1)^n * n! * L(n,-2-n,x).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 6, 4, 1, 24, 18, 6, 1, 120, 96, 36, 8, 1, 720, 600, 240, 60, 10, 1, 5040, 4320, 1800, 480, 90, 12, 1, 40320, 35280, 15120, 4200, 840, 126, 14, 1, 362880, 322560, 141120, 40320, 8400, 1344, 168, 16, 1, 3628800, 3265920, 1451520, 423360, 90720, 15120

Offset: 0

Tom Copeland, Nov 01 2007

The matrix operation b = T*a can be characterized several ways in terms of the coefficients a(n) and b(n), their o.g.f.'s A(x) and B(x), or their e.g.f.'s EA(x) and EB(x).
1) b(n) = n! Lag[n,(.)!*Lag[.,a1(.),-1],0], umbrally,
where a1(n) = n! Lag[n,(.)!*Lag[.,a(.),-1],0]
2) b(n) = (-1)^n * n! * Lag(n,a(.),-2-n)
3) b(n) = Sum_{j=0..n} (-1)^j * binomial(n,j) * binomial(-2,j) * j! * a(n-j)
4) b(n) = Sum_{j=0..n} binomial(n,j) * (j+1)! * a(n-j)
5) B(x) = (1-xDx))^(-2) A(x), formally
6) B(x) = Sum_{j>=0} (-1)^j * binomial(-2,j) * (xDx)^j A(x)
= Sum_{j>=0} (j+1) * (xDx)^j A(x)
7) B(x) = Sum_{j>=0} (j+1) * x^j * D^j * x^j A(x)
8) B(x) = Sum_{j>=0} (j+1)! * x^j * Lag(j,-:xD:,0) A(x)
9) EB(x) = Sum_{j>=0} x^j * Lag[j,(.)! * Lag[.,a1(.),-1],0]
10) EB(x) = Sum_{j>=0} Lag[j,a1(.),-1] * (-x)^j / (1-x)^(j+1)
11) EB(x) = Sum_{j>=0} x^n * Sum_{j=0..n} (j+1)!/j! * a(n-j) / (n-j)!
12) EB(x) = Sum_{j>=0} (-x)^j * Lag[j,a(.),-2-j]
13) EB(x) = exp(a(.)*x) / (1-x)^2 = (1-x)^(-2) * EA(x)
14) T = A094587^2 = A132013^(-2) = A132014^(-1)
where Lag(n,x,m) are the Laguerre polynomials of order m, D the derivative w.r.t. x and (:xD:)^j = x^j * D^j. Truncating the D operator series at the j = n term gives an o.g.f. for b(0) through b(n).
c = (1!,2!,3!,4!,...) is the sequence associated to T under the list partition transform and associated operations described in A133314. Thus T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*c(n-k) . c are also the coefficients in formulas 4 and 8.
The reciprocal sequence to c is d = (1,-2,2,0,0,0,...), so the inverse of T is TI(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*d(n-k) = A132014. (A121757 is the reverse of T.)
These formulas are easily generalized for m applications of the basic operator n! Lag[n,(.)!*Lag[.,a(.),-1],0] by replacing 2 by m in formulas 2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 13 and 14, or (j+1)! by (m-1+j)!/(m-1)! in 4, 8 and 11. For further discussion of repeated applications of T, see A132014.
The row sums of T = [formula 4 with a(n) all 1] = [binomial transform of c] = [coefficients of B(x) with A(x) = 1/(1-x)] = A001339. Therefore the e.g.f. of A001339 = [formula 13 with a(n) all 1] = exp(x)*(1-x)^(-2) = exp(x)*exp[c(.)*x)] = exp[(1+c(.))*x].
Note the reciprocal is 1/{exp[(1+c(.))*x]} = exp(-x)*(1-x)^2 = e.g.f. of signed A002061 with leading 1 removed], which makes A001339 and the signed, shifted A002061 reciprocal arrays under the list partition transform of A133314.
The e.g.f. for the row polynomials (see A132382) implies they form an Appell sequence (see Wikipedia). - Tom Copeland, Dec 03 2013
As noted in item 12 above and reiterated in the Bala formula below, the e.g.f. is e^(x*t)/(1-x)^2, and the Poisson-Charlier polynomials P_n(t,y) have the e.g.f. (1+x)^y e^(-xt) (Feinsilver, p. 5), so the row polynomials R_n(t) of this entry are (-1)^n P_n(t,-2). The associated Appell sequence IR_n(t) that is the umbral compositional inverse of this entry's polynomials has the e.g.f. (1-x)^2 e^(xt), i.e., the e.g.f. of A132014 (noted above), and, therefore, the row polynomials (-1)^n PC(t,2). As umbral compositional inverses, R_n(IR.(t)) = t^n =  IR_n(R.(t)), where, by definition, P.(t)^n = P_n(t), is the umbral evaluation. - Tom Copeland, Jan 15 2016
T(n,k) is the number of ways to place (n-k) rooks in a 2 x (n-1) Ferrers board (or diagram) under the Goldman-Haglund i-row creation rook mode for i=2. Triangular recurrence relation is given by T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + (n+1-k)*T(n-1,k). - Ken Joffaniel M. Gonzales, Jan 21 2016

			First few rows of the triangle are
    1;
    2,  1;
    6,  4,  1;
   24, 18,  6, 1;
  120, 96, 36, 8, 1;

Nathaniel Johnston, Rows 0..100, flattened
Paul Barry, A note on number triangles that are almost their own production matrix, arXiv:1804.06801 [math.CO], 2018.
P. Feinsilver, Lie algebras, representations, and analytic semigroups through dual vector fields
Jay Goldman and James Haglund, Generalized rook polynomials, J. Combin. Theory A 91 (2000), 509-530.
M. Janjic, Some classes of numbers and derivatives, JIS 12 (2009) 09.8.3.
Wikipedia, Appell sequence
Wikipedia, Sheffer sequence

Cf. A008277, A094587, A132013, A132382.

Columns: A000142 (k=0), A001563 (k=1), A001286 (k=2), A005990 (k=3), A061206 (k=4), A062199 (k=5), A062148 (k=6).

a132159 n k = a132159_tabl !! n !! k
a132159_row n = a132159_tabl !! n
a132159_tabl = map reverse a121757_tabl
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 06 2014

/* As triangle */ [[Binomial(n,k)*Factorial(n-k+1): k in [0..n]]: n in [0.. 15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 10 2016

T := proc(n,k) return binomial(n,k)*factorial(n-k+1): end: seq(seq(T(n,k),k=0..n),n=0..10); # Nathaniel Johnston, Sep 28 2011

nn=10;f[list_]:=Select[list,#>0&];Map[f,Range[0,nn]!CoefficientList[Series[Exp[y x]/(1-x)^2,{x,0,nn}],{x,y}]]//Grid  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 15 2013 *)

flatten([[binomial(n,k)*factorial(n-k+1) for k in (0..n)] for n in (0..15)]) # G. C. Greubel, May 19 2021

T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*c(n-k).
From Peter Bala, Jul 10 2008: (Start)
T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*(n-k+1)!.
T(n,k) = (n-k+1)*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1).
E.g.f.: exp(x*y)/(1-y)^2 = 1 + (2+x)*y + (6+4*x+x^2)*y^2/2! + ... .
This array is the particular case P(2,1) of the generalized Pascal triangle P(a,b), a lower unit triangular matrix, shown below:
  n\k|0....................1...............2.........3.....4
  ----------------------------------------------------------
  0..|1.....................................................
  1..|a....................1................................
  2..|a(a+b)...............2a..............1................
  3..|a(a+b)(a+2b).........3a(a+b).........3a........1......
  4..|a(a+b)(a+2b)(a+3b)...4a(a+b)(a+2b)...6a(a+b)...4a....1
  ...
See A094587 for some general properties of these arrays.
Other cases recorded in the database include: P(1,0) = Pascal's triangle A007318, P(1,1) = A094587, P(2,0) = A038207, P(3,0) = A027465, P(1,3) = A136215 and P(2,3) = A136216. (End)
Let f(x) = (1/x^2)*exp(-x). The n-th row polynomial is R(n,x) = (-x)^n/f(x)*(d/dx)^n(f(x)), and satisfies the recurrence equation R(n+1,x) = (x+n+2)*R(n,x)-x*R'(n,x). Cf. A094587. - Peter Bala, Oct 28 2011
Exponential Riordan array [1/(1 - y)^2, y]. The row polynomials R(n,x) thus form a Sheffer sequence of polynomials with associated delta operator equal to d/dx. Thus d/dx(R(n,x)) = n*R(n-1,x). The Sheffer identity is R(n,x + y) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*y^(n-k)*R(k,x). Define a polynomial sequence P(n,x) of binomial type by setting P(n,x) = Product_{k = 0..n-1} (2*x + k) with the convention that P(0,x) = 1. Then the present triangle is the triangle of connection constants when expressing the basis polynomials P(n,x + 1) in terms of the basis P(n,x). For example, row 3 is (24, 18, 6, 1) so P(3,x + 1) = (2*x + 2)*(2*x + 3)*(2*x + 4) = 24 + 18*(2*x) + 6*(2*x)*(2*x + 1) + (2*x)*(2*x + 1)*(2*x + 2). Matrix square of triangle A094587. - Peter Bala, Aug 29 2013
From Tom Copeland, Apr 21 2014: (Start)
T = (I-A132440)^(-2) = {2*I - exp[(A238385-I)]}^(-2) = unsigned exp[2*(I-A238385)] = exp[A005649(.)*(A238385-I)], umbrally, where I = identity matrix.
The e.g.f. is exp(x*y)*(1-y)^(-2), so the row polynomials form an Appell sequence with lowering operator D=d/dx and raising operator x+2/(1-D).
With L(n,m,x) = Laguerre polynomials of order m, the row polynomials are (-1)^n * n! * L(n,-2-n,x) = (-1)^n*(-2!/(-2-n)!)*K(-n,-2-n+1,x) where K is Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function (as a limit of n+s as s tends to zero).
Operationally, (-1)^n*n!*L(n,-2-n,-:xD:) = (-1)^n*x^(n+2)*:Dx:^n*x^(-2-n) = (-1)^n*x^2*:xD:^n*x^(-2) = (-1)^n*n!*binomial(xD-2,n) = (-1)^n*n!*binomial(-2,n)*K(-n,-2-n+1,-:xD:) where :AB:^n = A^n*B^n for any two operators. Cf. A235706.
The generalized Pascal triangle Bala mentions is a special case of the fundamental generalized factorial matrices in A133314. (End)
From Peter Bala, Jul 26 2021: (Start)
O.g.f: 1/y * Sum_{k >= 0} k!*( y/(1 - x*y) )^k =  1 + (2 + x)*y + (6 + 4*x + x^2)*y^2 + ....
First-order recurrence for the row polynomials: (n - x)*R(n,x) = n*(n - x + 1)*R(n-1,x) - x^(n+1) with R(0,x) = 1.
R(n,x) = (x + n + 1)*R(n-1,x) - (n - 1)*x*R(n-2,x) with R(0,x) = 1 and R(1,x) = 2 + x.
R(n,x) = A087981 (x = -2), A000255 (x = -1), A000142 (x = 0), A001339 (x = 1), A081923 (x = 2) and A081924 (x = 3). (End)

Formula 3) in comments corrected by Tom Copeland, Apr 20 2014

Title modified by Tom Copeland, Apr 23 2014

A306343 Number T(n,k) of defective (binary) heaps on n elements with k defects; triangle T(n,k), n>=0, 0<=k<=max(0,n-1), read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 9, 9, 3, 8, 28, 48, 28, 8, 20, 90, 250, 250, 90, 20, 80, 360, 1200, 1760, 1200, 360, 80, 210, 1526, 5922, 12502, 12502, 5922, 1526, 210, 896, 7616, 34160, 82880, 111776, 82880, 34160, 7616, 896, 3360, 32460, 185460, 576060, 1017060, 1017060, 576060, 185460, 32460, 3360

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, Feb 08 2019

A defect in a defective heap is a parent-child pair not having the correct order.
T(n,k) is the number of permutations p of [n] having exactly k indices i in {1,...,n} such that p(i) > p(floor(i/2)).
T(n,0) counts perfect (binary) heaps on n elements (A056971).

			T(4,0) = 3: 4231, 4312, 4321.
T(4,1) = 9: 2413, 3124, 3214, 3241, 3412, 3421, 4123, 4132, 4213.
T(4,2) = 9: 1342, 1423, 1432, 2134, 2143, 2314, 2341, 2431, 3142.
T(4,3) = 3: 1234, 1243, 1324.
(The examples use max-heaps.)
Triangle T(n,k) begins:
    1;
    1;
    1,    1;
    2,    2,     2;
    3,    9,     9,     3;
    8,   28,    48,    28,      8;
   20,   90,   250,   250,     90,    20;
   80,  360,  1200,  1760,   1200,   360,    80;
  210, 1526,  5922, 12502,  12502,  5922,  1526,  210;
  896, 7616, 34160, 82880, 111776, 82880, 34160, 7616, 896;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..190, flattened
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Heap
Wikipedia, Binary heap

Columns k=0-10 give: A056971, A323957, A323958, A323959, A323960, A323961, A323962, A323963, A323964, A323965, A323966.
Row sums give A000142.
T(n,floor(n/2)) gives A306356.
Cf. A001286, A001710, A008292, A038720, A229039, A230056, A264902, A306393.

b:= proc(u, o) option remember; local n, g, l; n:= u+o;
      if n=0 then 1
    else g:= 2^ilog2(n); l:= min(g-1, n-g/2); expand(
         add(add(binomial(j-1, i)*binomial(n-j, l-i)*
         b(i, l-i)*b(j-1-i, n-l-j+i), i=0..min(j-1, l)), j=1..u)+
         add(add(binomial(j-1, i)*binomial(n-j, l-i)*
         b(l-i, i)*b(n-l-j+i, j-1-i), i=0..min(j-1, l)), j=1..o)*x)
      fi
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(n, 0)):
seq(T(n), n=0..10);

b[u_, o_] := b[u, o] = Module[{n = u + o, g, l},
     If[n == 0, 1, g := 2^Floor@Log[2, n]; l = Min[g-1, n-g/2]; Expand[
     Sum[Sum[ Binomial[j-1, i]* Binomial[n-j, l-i]*b[i, l-i]*
     b[j-1-i, n-l-j+i], {i, 0, Min[j-1, l]}], {j, 1, u}]+
     Sum[Sum[Binomial[j - 1, i]* Binomial[n-j, l-i]*b[l-i, i]*
     b[n-l-j+i, j-1-i], {i, 0, Min[j-1, l]}], {j, 1, o}]*x]]];
T[n_] := CoefficientList[b[n, 0], x];
T /@ Range[0, 10] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 17 2021, after Alois P. Heinz *)

T(n,k) = T(n,n-1-k) for n > 0.
Sum_{k>=0} k * T(n,k) = A001286(n).
Sum_{k>=0} (k+1) * T(n,k) = A001710(n-1) for n > 0.
Sum_{k>=0} (k+2) * T(n,k) = A038720(n) for n > 0.
Sum_{k>=0} (k+3) * T(n,k) = A229039(n) for n > 0.
Sum_{k>=0} (k+4) * T(n,k) = A230056(n) for n > 0.

A061206 a(n) = total number of occurrences of the consecutive pattern 1324 in all permutations of [n+3].

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 90, 840, 8400, 90720, 1058400, 13305600, 179625600, 2594592000, 39956716800, 653837184000, 11333177856000, 207484333056000, 4001483566080000, 81096733605888000, 1723305589125120000, 38318206628782080000, 889833909490606080000, 21543347282404147200000

Offset: 1

Melvin J. Knight (knightmj(AT)juno.com), May 30 2001

nonn

a(n) is the number of sequences of n+3 balls colored with at most n colors such that exactly four balls are the same color as some other ball in the sequence. - Jeremy Dover, Sep 27 2017

			a(4)=840 because 4*(7!)/24 = 4*7*6*5 = 840.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..300
Milan Janjić, Enumerative Formulas for Some Functions on Finite Sets.

Cf. A000142, A001286, A001339, A001563, A005990, A264173.

Cf. A001620, A091725, A099285.

[n*Factorial(n+3)/24: n in [1..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 11 2011

a := n -> n!*binomial(-n,4): seq(a(n),n=1..20); # Peter Luschny, Apr 29 2016

Array[# (# + 3)!/24 &, 20] (* or *) Array[#!*Binomial[-#, 4] &, 20] (* Michael De Vlieger, Sep 30 2017 *)

a(n) = n*(n+3)!/24; \\ Altug Alkan, Oct 08 2017

[binomial(n,4)*factorial (n-3) for n in range(4, 21)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 07 2009

a(n) = n*(n+3)!/24.
If we define f(n,i,x) = Sum_{k=i..n} Sum_{j=i..k} binomial(k,j)*Stirling1(n,k)*Stirling2(j,i) * x^(k-j), then a(n-3) = (-1)^n*f(n,4,-2), (n >= 4). - Milan Janjic, Mar 01 2009
E.g.f.: x/(1-x)^5. (This was initiated by e-mail exchange with Gary Detlefs.) - Wolfdieter Lang, May 28 2010
a(n) = ((n+4)!/6) * Sum_{k=1..n} (k+2)!/(k+4)!. - Gary Detlefs, Aug 05 2010
a(n) = Sum_{k>0} k * A264173(n+3,k). - Alois P. Heinz, Nov 06 2015
a(n) = n!*binomial(-n,4). - Peter Luschny, Apr 29 2016
From Amiram Eldar, Sep 24 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 118/3 - 16*e - 4*gamma + 4*Ei(1), where gamma is Euler's constant (A001620) and Ei(1) is the exponential integral at 1 (A091725).
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 2/3 - 8/e + 4*gamma - 4*Ei(-1), where -Ei(-1) is the negated exponential integral at -1 (A099285). (End)

More terms from Jason Earls, Jun 12 2001
Corrected by Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 07 2009
More precise definition from Alois P. Heinz, Nov 06 2015

cp's OEIS Frontend

A271703 Triangle read by rows: the unsigned Lah numbers T(n, k) = binomial(n-1, k-1)*n!/k! if n > 0 and k > 0, T(n, 0) = 0^n and otherwise 0, for n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

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A002868 Largest number in n-th row of triangle of Lah numbers (A008297 and A271703).

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A053495 Triangle formed by coefficients of numerator polynomials defined by iterating f(u,v) = 1/u - x*v applied to a list of elements {1,2,3,4,...}.

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A062119 a(n) = n! * (n-1).

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A051683 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = n!*k.

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A122843 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = the number of ascending runs of length k in the permutations of [n] for k <= n.

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