cp's OEIS Frontend

A nonfixed point in a composition c is an index i such that c_i != i.

Number of rooted unicursal planar maps with n edges and two vertices of valency 1 (unicursal means that exactly two vertices are of odd valency; there is an Eulerian path).

To clarify a slight ambiguity in the definition, the heaviest box in such an arrangement should contain exactly k balls. - Gus Wiseman, Sep 22 2016

The reverse-alternating sum of a sequence (y_1,...,y_k) is Sum_i (-1)^(k-i) y_i.

The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

The alternating sum of a sequence (y_1,...,y_k) is Sum_i (-1)^(i-1) y_i.

The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

The reverse-alternating sum of a sequence (y_1,...,y_k) is Sum_i (-1)^(k-i) y_i.

The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

a(0)=1, otherwise row sums of A179748.

For n>=1 cumulative sums of A008930.

a(n) is proportional to A048651*A000079. The error (a(n)-A048651*A000079) divided by sequence A186425 tends to the golden ratio A001622. This can be seen when using about 1000 decimals of the constant A048651 = 0.2887880950866024212... - [Mats Granvik, Jan 01 2015]

From Gus Wiseman, Mar 31 2022: (Start)

Also the number of integer compositions of n with exactly one part on or above the diagonal. For example, the a(1) = 1 through a(5) = 8 compositions are:

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(11) (21) (31) (41)

(111) (112) (212)

(211) (311)

(1111) (1112)

(1121)

(2111)

(11111)

(End)

Numbers such that sum (-1)^k*b(k) = 0 where b(k)=k-th binary digit of n (see A065359). - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 18 2003

Conjecture: a(C(2n,n)-1) = 4^n - 1. (A000984 is C(2n,n)). - Gerald McGarvey, Nov 18 2007

From Russell Jay Hendel, Jun 23 2015: (Start)

We prove the McGarvey conjecture (A) a(e(n,n)-1) = 4^n-1, with e(n,m) = A034870(n,m) = binomial(2n,m), the even rows of Pascal's triangle. By the comment from Hendel in A034870, we have the function s(n,k) = #{n-digit, base-4 numbers with n-k more 1-digits than 2-digits}. As shown in A034870, (B) #s(n,k)= e(n,k) with # indicating cardinality, that is, e(n,k) = binomial(2n,k) gives the number of n-digit, base-4 numbers with n-k more 1-digits than 2-digits.

We now show that (B) implies (A). By definition, s(n,n) contains the e(n,n) = binomial(2n,n) numbers with an equal number of 1-digits and 2-digits. The biggest n-digit, base-4 number is 333...3 (n copies of 3). Since 333...33 has zero 1-digits and zero 2-digits it follows that 333...333 is a member of s(n,n) and hence it is the biggest member of s(n,n). But 333...333 (n copies of 3) in base 4 has value 4^n-1. Since A039004 starts with index 0 (that is, 0 is the 0th member of A039004), it immediately follows that 4^n-1 is the (e(n,n)-1)st member of A039004, proving the McGarvey conjecture. (End)

Also numbers whose alternating sum of binary expansion is 0, i.e., positions of zeros in A345927. These are numbers whose binary expansion has the same number of 1's at even positions as at odd positions. - Gus Wiseman, Jul 28 2021

Number of square lattice walks that start at (0,0) and end at (1,0) after 2n-1 steps, free to pass through (1,0) at intermediate steps. - Steven Finch, Dec 20 2001

Number of paths of length n connecting two neighboring nodes in optimal chordal graph of degree 4, G(2*d(G)^2+2*d(G)+1,2d(G)+1), of diameter d(G). - B. Dubalski (dubalski(AT)atr.bydgoszcz.pl), Feb 05 2002

a(n) is the number of ways to place n red balls and n blue balls into n distinguishable boxes with no restrictions on the number of balls put in a box. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 08 2013

The number of square lattice walks of n steps that start at the origin and end at (k,0) is zero if n-k is odd and [binomial(n,(n-k)/2)]^2 if n-k is even. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 28 2020

Sometimes called a Catalan triangle, although there are many other triangles that carry that name - see A009766, A008315, A028364, A033184, A053121, A059365, A062103.

Number of nodes of outdegree k in all ordered trees with n edges. Equivalently, number of ascents of length k in all Dyck paths of semilength n. Example: T(3,2) = 3 because the Dyck paths of semilength 3 are UDUDUD, UD(UU)DD, (UU)DDUD, (UU)DUDD and UUUDDD, where U = (1,1), D = (1,-1), the ascents of length 2 being shown between parentheses. - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 19 2006

Riordan array (f(x), x*g(x)) where f(x) is the g.f. of A088218 and g(x) is the g.f. of A000108. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 23 2010

T(n,k) is the number of nonnegative paths of upsteps U = (1,1) and downsteps D = (1,-1) of length 2*n with k returns to ground level, the horizontal line through the initial vertex. Example: T(2,1) = 2 counts UDUU, UUDD. Also, T(n,k) = number of these paths whose last descent has length k, that is, k downsteps follow the last upstep. Example: T(2,1) = 2 counts UUUD, UDUD. - David Callan, Nov 21 2011

Belongs to the hitting-time subgroup of the Riordan group. Multiplying this triangle by the square Pascal matrix gives A092392 read as a square array. See the example below. - Peter Bala, Nov 03 2015