cp's OEIS Frontend

Same as Pisot sequences E(1, 6), L(1, 6), P(1, 6), T(1, 6). Essentially same as Pisot sequences E(6, 36), L(6, 36), P(6, 36), T(6, 36). See A008776 for definitions of Pisot sequences.

Central terms of the triangle in A036561. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 14 2006

a(n) = A169604(n)/3; a(n+1) = 2*A169604(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 02 2010

Number of pentagons contained within pentaflakes. - William A. Tedeschi, Sep 12 2010

Sum of coefficients of expansion of (1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + x^4 + x^5)^n.

a(n) is number of compositions of natural numbers into n parts less than 6. For example, a(2) = 36, and there are 36 compositions of natural numbers into 2 parts less than 6.

The compositions of n in which each part is colored by one of p different colors are called p-colored compositions of n. For n >= 1, a(n) equals the number of 5-colored compositions of n such that no adjacent parts have the same color.

Number of words of length n over the alphabet of six letters. - Joerg Arndt, Sep 16 2014

The number of ordered triples (x, y, z) of binary words of length n such that D(x,z) = D(x, y) + D(y, z) where D(a, b) is the Hamming distance from a to b. - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 06 2017

a(n) is the area of a triangle with vertices at (2^n, 3^n), (2^(n+1), 3^(n+1)), and (2^(n+2), 3^(n+2)); a(n) is also one fifth the area of a triangle with vertices at (2^n, 3^(n+2)), (2^(n+1), 3^(n+1)), and (2^(n+2), 3^n). - J. M. Bergot, May 07 2018

a(n) is the number of possible outcomes of n distinguishable 6-sided dice. - Stefano Spezia, Jul 06 2024

Row sums of A004248, A009998, A009999.

First differences are in A047970.

First differences of A103439.

Antidiagonal sums of array A003992.

a(n-1), for n>=1, is the number of length-n restricted growth strings (RGS) [s(0),s(1),...,s(n-1)] where s(0)=0 and s(k)<=1+max(prefix) for k>=1, that are simultaneously projections as maps f: [n] -> [n] where f(x)<=x and f(f(x))=f(x); see example and the two comments (Arndt, Apr 30 2011 Jan 04 2013) in A000110. - Joerg Arndt, Mar 07 2015

Number of finite sequences s of length n+1 whose discriminator sequence is s itself. Here the discriminator sequence of s is the one where the n-th term (n>=1) is the least positive integer k such that the first n terms are pairwise incongruent, modulo k. - Jeffrey Shallit, May 17 2016

From Gus Wiseman, Jan 08 2019: (Start)

Also the number of set partitions of {1,...,n+1} whose minima form an initial interval of positive integers. For example, the a(3) = 9 set partitions are:

{{1},{2},{3},{4}}

{{1},{2},{3,4}}

{{1},{2,4},{3}}

{{1,4},{2},{3}}

{{1},{2,3,4}}

{{1,3},{2,4}}

{{1,4},{2,3}}

{{1,3,4},{2}}

{{1,2,3,4}}

Missing from this list are:

{{1},{2,3},{4}}

{{1,2},{3},{4}}

{{1,3},{2},{4}}

{{1,2},{3,4}}

{{1,2,3},{4}}

{{1,2,4},{3}}

(End)

a(n) is the number of m-tuples of nonnegative integers less than or equal to n-m (including the "0-tuple"). - Mathew Englander, Apr 11 2021

From Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 07 2018: (Start)

Column k of this array is the "BIK" (reversible, indistinct, unlabeled) transform of k,0,0,0,....

Consider the input sequence (c_k(n): n >= 1) with g.f. C_k(x) = Sum_{n>=1} c_k(n)*x^n. Let a_k(n) = BIK(c_k(n): n >= 1) be the output sequence under Bower's BIK transform. It can proved that the g.f. of BIK(c_k(n): n >= 1) is A_k(x) = (1/2)*(C_k(x)/(1-C_k(x)) + (C_k(x^2) + C_k(x))/(1-C_k(x^2))). (See the comments for sequence A001224.)

For column k of this two-dimensional array, the input sequence is defined by c_k(1) = k and c_k(n) = 0 for n >= 1. Thus, C_k(x) = k*x, and hence the g.f. of column k is (1/2)*(C_k(x)/(1-C_k(x)) + (C_k(x^2) + C_k(x))/(1-C_k(x^2))) = (1/2)*(k*x/(1-k*x) + (k*x^2 + k*x)/(1-k*x^2)) = (2 + (1-k)*x - 2*k*x^2)*k*x/(2*(1-k*x^2)*(1-k*x)).

Using the first form the g.f. above and the expansion 1/(1-y) = 1 + y + y^2 + ..., we can easily prove J.-F. Alcover's formula T(n,k) = (k^n + k^((n + mod(n,2))/2))/2.

(End)

This array transforms into A371761 using the Akiyama-Tanigawa algorithm for powers applied to the rows. - Peter Luschny, Apr 16 2024

This array transforms into A344499 using the Akiyama-Tanigawa algorithm for powers applied to the columns. - Peter Luschny, Apr 27 2024

(n-th term) = (n-th term of A002260)^(n-th term of A004736). Both A002260 and A004736 are related to A002024. - Robert A. Stump (bee_ess107(AT)yahoo.com), Aug 29 2002

Sum of antidiagonals is A003101(n) for n>0. - Alford Arnold, Jan 14 2007

For n > 0, a(n+1) = largest term of row n in triangles A051129 and A247358. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 14 2014

Reversing the string does not leave it unchanged. Only one string from each pair is counted.

Equivalently, the number of nonequivalent strings up to reversal that are not palindromes.

Except for the first term, column k is the "BHK" (reversible, identity, unlabeled) transform of k,0,0,0,... [Corrected by Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 01 2018]

From Petros Hadjicostas, Jul 01 2018: (Start)

Consider the input sequence (c_k(n): n >= 1) with g.f. C_k(x) = Sum_{n>=1} c_k(n)*x^n. Let a_k(n) = BHK(c_k(n): n >= 1) be the output sequence under Bower's BHK transform. It can be proved that the g.f. of BHK(c_k(n): n >= 1) is A_k(x) = (C_k(x)^2 - C_k(x^2))/(2*(1-C_k(x))*(1-C_k(x^2))) + C_k(x). (See the comments for sequences A032096, A032097, and A032098.)

For column k of this two-dimensional array, the input sequence is defined by c_k(1) = k and c_k(n) = 0 for n >= 1. Thus, C_k(x) = k*x, and hence the g.f. of column k (with the term C_k(x) = k*x excluded) is (C_k(x)^2 - C_k(x^2))/(2*(1-C_k(x))*(1-C_k(x^2))) = (1/2)*(k - 1)*k*x^2/((k*x^2 - 1)*(k*x - 1)), from which we can easily prove Howroyd's formula.

(End)

Comment from Bahman Ahmadi, Aug 05 2019: (Start)

We give an alternative definition for the square array A(n,k) = T(n,k) with n >= 2 and k >= 0. A(n,k) is the number of inequivalent "distinguishing colorings" of the path on n vertices using at most k colors. The rows are indexed by n, the number of vertices of the path, and the columns are indexed by k, the number of permissible colors.

A vertex-coloring of a graph G is called "distinguishing" if it is only preserved by the identity automorphism of G. This notion is considered in the context of "symmetry breaking" of simple (finite or infinite) graphs. Two vertex-colorings of a graph are called "equivalent" if there is an automorphism of the graph which preserves the colors of the vertices. Given a graph G, we use the notation Phi_k(G) to denote the number of inequivalent distinguishing colorings of G with at most k colors. This sequence gives A(n,k) = Phi_k(P_n), i.e., the number of inequivalent distinguishing colorings of the path P_n on n vertices with at most k colors.

For n=3, we can color the vertices of P_3 with at most 2 colors in 3 ways such that all the colorings distinguish the graph (i.e., no non-identity automorphism of the path P_3 preserves the coloring) and that all the three colorings are inequivalent.

We have Phi_k(P_n) = binomial(k,2)*k^(n-2) + k*Phi_k(P_(n-2)) for n >= 4; Phi_k(P_2) = binomial(k,2); Phi_k(P_3) = k*binomial(k,2).

(End)

T(n,k) is the number of n-letter words in a k-letter alphabet with no adjacent letters the same. The factor k represents the number of choices of the first letter, and the n-1 times repeated factor k-1 represents the choices of the next n-1 letters avoiding their predecessor.

The antidiagonal sums are s(d) = 1, 2, 5, 12, 31, 88, 275, 942, 3513, 14158, 61241, 282632, .. for d = n+k >= 2.

Let A_m(n,k) = (n!)^m [x^n] hypergeom([], [1,…,1], z)^k where [1,…,1] lists (m-1) times 1. These arrays can be seen as generalizations of the power functions n^k. For m = 1 -> A003992, m = 2 -> A287316, m = 3 -> A287698.

A_m(n,n) is the sum of m-th powers of coefficients in the full expansion of (z_1+z_2+...+z_n)^n (compare A245397).

A287696 provide polynomials and A287697 rational functions generating the columns of the array.