A000400 -id:A000400 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000290 The squares: a(n) = n^2.

0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361, 400, 441, 484, 529, 576, 625, 676, 729, 784, 841, 900, 961, 1024, 1089, 1156, 1225, 1296, 1369, 1444, 1521, 1600, 1681, 1764, 1849, 1936, 2025, 2116, 2209, 2304, 2401, 2500

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

To test if a number is a square, see Cohen, p. 40. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 19 2011
Zero followed by partial sums of A005408 (odd numbers). - Jeremy Gardiner, Aug 13 2002
Begin with n, add the next number, subtract the previous number and so on ending with subtracting a 1: a(n) = n + (n+1) - (n-1) + (n+2) - (n-2) + (n+3) - (n-3) + ... + (2n-1) - 1 = n^2. - Amarnath Murthy, Mar 24 2004
Sum of two consecutive triangular numbers A000217. - Lekraj Beedassy, May 14 2004
Numbers with an odd number of divisors: {d(n^2) = A048691(n); for the first occurrence of 2n + 1 divisors, see A071571(n)}. - Lekraj Beedassy, Jun 30 2004
See also A000037.
First sequence ever computed by electronic computer, on EDSAC, May 06 1949 (see Renwick link). - Russ Cox, Apr 20 2006
Numbers k such that the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(-k)) has four units. - Marc LeBrun, Apr 12 2006
For n > 0: number of divisors of (n-1)th power of any squarefree semiprime: a(n) = A000005(A006881(k)^(n-1)); a(n) = A000005(A000400(n-1)) = A000005(A011557(n-1)) = A000005(A001023(n-1)) = A000005(A001024(n-1)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 04 2007
If a 2-set Y and an (n-2)-set Z are disjoint subsets of an n-set X then a(n-2) is the number of 3-subsets of X intersecting both Y and Z. - Milan Janjic, Sep 19 2007
Numbers a such that a^1/2 + b^1/2 = c^1/2 and a^2 + b = c. - Cino Hilliard, Feb 07 2008 (this comment needs clarification, Joerg Arndt, Sep 12 2013)
Numbers k such that the geometric mean of the divisors of k is an integer. - Ctibor O. Zizka, Jun 26 2008
Equals row sums of triangle A143470. Example: 36 = sum of row 6 terms: (23 + 7 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 1). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 17 2008
Equals row sums of triangles A143595 and A056944. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 26 2008
Number of divisors of 6^(n-1) for n > 0. - J. Lowell, Aug 30 2008
Denominators of Lyman spectrum of hydrogen atom. Numerators are A005563. A000290-A005563 = A000012. - Paul Curtz, Nov 06 2008
a(n) is the number of all partitions of the sum 2^2 + 2^2 + ... + 2^2, (n-1) times, into powers of 2. - Valentin Bakoev, Mar 03 2009
a(n) is the maximal number of squares that can be 'on' in an n X n board so that all the squares turn 'off' after applying the operation: in any 2 X 2 sub-board, a square turns from 'on' to 'off' if the other three are off. - Srikanth K S, Jun 25 2009
Zero together with the numbers k such that 2 is the number of perfect partitions of k. - Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Sep 26 2009
Totally multiplicative sequence with a(p) = p^2 for prime p. - Jaroslav Krizek, Nov 01 2009
Satisfies A(x)/A(x^2), A(x) = A173277: (1, 4, 13, 32, 74, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 14 2010
Positive members are the integers with an odd number of odd divisors and an even number of even divisors. See also A120349, A120359, A181792, A181793, A181795. - Matthew Vandermast, Nov 14 2010
Besides the first term, this sequence is the denominator of Pi^2/6 = 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + 1/16 + 1/25 + 1/36 + ... . - Mohammad K. Azarian, Nov 01 2011
Partial sums give A000330. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 12 2013
Drmota, Mauduit, and Rivat proved that the Thue-Morse sequence along the squares is normal; see A228039. - Jonathan Sondow, Sep 03 2013
a(n) can be decomposed into the sum of the four numbers [binomial(n, 1) + binomial(n, 2) + binomial(n-1, 1) + binomial(n-1, 2)] which form a "square" in Pascal's Triangle A007318, or the sum of the two numbers [binomial(n, 2) + binomial(n+1, 2)], or the difference of the two numbers [binomial(n+2, 3) - binomial(n, 3)]. - John Molokach, Sep 26 2013
In terms of triangular tiling, the number of equilateral triangles with side length 1 inside an equilateral triangle with side length n. - K. G. Stier, Oct 30 2013
Number of positive roots in the root systems of type B_n and C_n (when n > 1). - Tom Edgar, Nov 05 2013
Squares of squares (fourth powers) are also called biquadratic numbers: A000583. - M. F. Hasler, Dec 29 2013
For n > 0, a(n) is the largest integer k such that k^2 + n is a multiple of k + n. More generally, for m > 0 and n > 0, the largest integer k such that k^(2*m) + n is a multiple of k + n is given by k = n^(2*m). - Derek Orr, Sep 03 2014
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of compositions of n + 5 into n parts avoiding the part 2. - Milan Janjic, Jan 07 2016
a(n), for n >= 3, is also the number of all connected subtrees of a cycle graph, having n vertices. - Viktar Karatchenia, Mar 02 2016
On every sequence of natural continuous numbers with an even number of elements, the summatory of the second half of the sequence minus the summatory of the first half of the sequence is always a square. Example: Sequence from 61 to 70 has an even number of elements (10). Then 61 + 62 + 63 + 64 + 65 = 315; 66 + 67 + 68 + 69 + 70 = 340; 340 - 315 = 25. (n/2)^2 for n = number of elements. - César Aguilera, Jun 20 2016
On every sequence of natural continuous numbers from n^2 to (n+1)^2, the sum of the differences of pairs of elements of the two halves in every combination possible is always (n+1)^2. - César Aguilera, Jun 24 2016
Suppose two circles with radius 1 are tangent to each other as well as to a line not passing through the point of tangency. Create a third circle tangent to both circles as well as the line. If this process is continued, a(n) for n > 0 is the reciprocals of the radii of the circles, beginning with the largest circle. - Melvin Peralta, Aug 18 2016
Does not satisfy Benford's law [Ross, 2012]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 08 2017
Numerators of the solution to the generalization of the Feynman triangle problem, with an offset of 2. If each vertex of a triangle is joined to the point (1/p) along the opposite side (measured say clockwise), then the area of the inner triangle formed by these lines is equal to (p - 2)^2/(p^2 - p + 1) times the area of the original triangle, p > 2. For example, when p = 3, the ratio of the areas is 1/7. The denominators of the ratio of the areas is given by A002061. [Cook & Wood, 2004] - Joe Marasco, Feb 20 2017
Equals row sums of triangle A004737, n >= 1. - Martin Michael Musatov, Nov 07 2017
Right-hand side of the binomial coefficient identity Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^(n+k+1)*binomial(n,k)*binomial(n + k,k)*(n - k) = n^2. - Peter Bala, Jan 12 2022
Conjecture: For n>0, min{k such that there exist subsets A,B of {0,1,2,...,a(n)-1} such that |A|=|B|=k and A+B contains {0,1,2,...,a(n)-1}} = n. - Michael Chu, Mar 09 2022
Number of 3-permutations of n elements avoiding the patterns 132, 213, 321. See Bonichon and Sun. - Michel Marcus, Aug 20 2022
Number of intercalates in cyclic Latin squares of order 2n (cyclic Latin squares of odd order do not have intercalates). - Eduard I. Vatutin, Feb 15 2024
a(n) is the number of ternary strings of length n with at most one 0, exactly one 1, and no restriction on the number of 2's.  For example, a(3)=9, consisting of the 6 permutations of the string 102 and the 3 permutations of the string 122. - Enrique Navarrete, Mar 12 2025

			For n = 8, a(8) = 8 * 15 - (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13) - 7 = 8 * 15 - 49 - 7 = 64. - _Bruno Berselli_, May 04 2010
G.f. = x + 4*x^2 + 9*x^3 + 16*x^4 + 25*x^5 + 36*x^6 + 49*x^7 + 64*x^8 + 81*x^9 + ...
a(4) = 16. For n = 4 vertices, the cycle graph C4 is A-B-C-D-A. The subtrees are: 4 singles: A, B, C, D; 4 pairs: A-B, BC, C-D, A-D; 4 triples: A-B-C, B-C-D, C-D-A, D-A-B; 4 quads: A-B-C-D, B-C-D-A, C-D-A-B, D-A-B-C; 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 16. - _Viktar Karatchenia_, Mar 02 2016

G. L. Alexanderson et al., The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, Problems and Solutions: 1965-1984, "December 1967 Problem B4(a)", pp. 8(157) MAA Washington DC 1985.
T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 2.
Albert H. Beiler, Recreations in the theory of numbers, New York, Dover, (2nd ed.) 1966. See Chapter XV, pp. 135-167.
R. P. Burn & A. Chetwynd, A Cascade Of Numbers, "The prison door problem" Problem 4 pp. 5-7; 79-80 Arnold London 1996.
H. Cohen, A Course in Computational Algebraic Number Theory, Springer, 1996, p. 40.
John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See pp. 31, 36, 38, 63.
E. Deza and M. M. Deza, Figurate numbers, World Scientific Publishing (2012), p. 6.
M. Gardner, Time Travel and Other Mathematical Bewilderments, Chapter 6 pp. 71-2, W. H. Freeman NY 1988.
Granino A. Korn and Theresa M. Korn, Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1968), p. 982.
Jan Gullberg, Mathematics from the Birth of Numbers, W. W. Norton & Co., NY & London, 1997, §8.1 Terminology and §8.6 Figurate Numbers, pp. 264, 290-291.
Alfred S. Posamentier, The Art of Problem Solving, Section 2.4 "The Long Cell Block" pp. 10-1; 12; 156-7 Corwin Press Thousand Oaks CA 1996.
Alfred S. Posamentier, Math Charmers, Tantalizing Tidbits for the Mind, Prometheus Books, NY, 2003, pages 35, 52-53, 129-132, 244.
Michel Rigo, Formal Languages, Automata and Numeration Systems, 2 vols., Wiley, 2014. Mentions this sequence - see "List of Sequences" in Vol. 2.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
J. K. Strayer, Elementary Number Theory, Exercise Set 3.3 Problems 32, 33, p. 88, PWS Publishing Co. Boston MA 1996.
C. W. Trigg, Mathematical Quickies, "The Lucky Prisoners" Problem 141 pp. 40, 141, Dover NY 1985.
R. Vakil, A Mathematical Mosaic, "The Painted Lockers" pp. 127;134 Brendan Kelly Burlington Ontario 1996.
David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, Revised edition 1987. See p. 123.

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, The first 10000 squares: Table of n, n^2 for n = 0..10000
Valentin P. Bakoev, Algorithmic approach to counting of certain types m-ary partitions, Discrete Mathematics, 275 (2004) pp. 17-41.
Stefano Barbero, Umberto Cerruti, and Nadir Murru, Transforming Recurrent Sequences by Using the Binomial and Invert Operators, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010) # 10.7.7, section 4.4.
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, De institutione arithmetica libri duo, Book 2, sections 10-12.
Nicolas Bonichon and Pierre-Jean Morel, Baxter d-permutations and other pattern avoiding classes, arXiv:2202.12677 [math.CO], 2022.
Henry Bottomley, Some Smarandache-type multiplicative sequences.
R. J. Cook and G. V. Wood, Feynman's Triangle, Mathematical Gazette, 88:299-302 (2004).
John Derbyshire, Monkeys and Doors.
Michael Drmota, Christian Mauduit, and Joël Rivat, The Thue-Morse Sequence Along The Squares is Normal, Abstract, ÖMG-DMV Congress, 2013.
Ralph Greenberg, Math for Poets.
Guo-Niu Han, Enumeration of Standard Puzzles.
Guo-Niu Han, Enumeration of Standard Puzzles. [Cached copy]
Vi Hart, Doodling in Math Class: Connecting Dots (2012) [Video].
Nick Hobson, Python program to determine whether an integer is in sequence A000290.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 338.
Milan Janjic, Enumerative Formulas for Some Functions on Finite Sets.
Milan Janjic, Two Enumerative Functions.
Milan Janjić, On Restricted Ternary Words and Insets, arXiv:1905.04465 [math.CO], 2019.
L. B. W. Jolley, Summation of Series, Dover, 1961.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Sums of the powers of reciprocals of polygonal numbers, Int'l J. of Appl. Math. (2020) Vol. 33, No. 2, 265-282.
Clark Kimberling, Complementary Equations, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 10 (2007), Article 07.1.4.
Hyun Kwang Kim, On Regular Polytope Numbers, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 131 (2002), 65-75.
J. H. McKay, The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, Problem B4(a), The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 75, no. 7, 1968, pp. 732-739.
Matthew Parker, The first million squares (7-Zip compressed file).
Ed Pegg, Jr., Sequence Pictures, Math Games column, Dec 08 2003.
Ed Pegg, Jr., Sequence Pictures, Math Games column, Dec 08 2003 [Cached copy, with permission (pdf only)].
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Omar E. Pol, Illustration of initial terms of A000217, A000290, A000326, A000384, A000566, A000567.
Yash Puri and Thomas Ward, Arithmetic and growth of periodic orbits, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 4 (2001), #01.2.1.
Franck Ramaharo, A generating polynomial for the pretzel knot, arXiv:1805.10680 [math.CO], 2018.
William S. Renwick, The start of the EDSAC log.
Luis Manuel Rivera, Integer sequences and k-commuting permutations, arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.3081 [math.CO], 2014.
Kenneth A. Ross, First Digits of Squares and Cubes, Math. Mag. 85 (2012) 36-42.
John Scholes, 28th Putnam 1967 Prob.B4(a).
James A. Sellers, Partitions Excluding Specific Polygonal Numbers As Parts, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 7 (2004), Article 04.2.4.
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of initial terms of A000217, A000290, A000326.
Michael Somos, Rational Function Multiplicative Coefficients.
Nathan Sun, On d-permutations and Pattern Avoidance Classes, arXiv:2208.08506 [math.CO], 2022.
Dinoj Surendran, Chimbumu and Chickwama get out of jail.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Square Number.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Unit.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Wiener Index.
Index entries for "core" sequences.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-3,1).
Index entries for two-way infinite sequences.
Index to sequences related to polygonal numbers.
Index entries for sequences related to Benford's law.

Cf. A092205, A128200, A005408, A128201, A002522, A005563, A008865, A059100, A143051, A143470, A143595, A056944, A001157 (inverse Möbius transform), A001788 (binomial transform), A228039, A001105, A004159, A159918, A173277, A095794, A162395, A186646 (Pisano periods), A028338 (2nd diagonal).
A row or column of A132191.
This sequence is related to partitions of 2^n into powers of 2, as it is shown in A002577. So A002577 connects the squares and A000447. - Valentin Bakoev, Mar 03 2009
Boustrophedon transforms: A000697, A000745.
Cf. A342819.
Cf. A013661.

a000290 = (^ 2)
a000290_list = scanl (+) 0 [1,3..]  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2012

Magma
```
[ n^2 : n in [0..1000]];
```

A000290 := n->n^2; seq(A000290(n), n=0..50);
A000290 := -(1+z)/(z-1)^3; # Simon Plouffe, in his 1992 dissertation, for sequence starting at a(1)

Array[#^2 &, 51, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 01 2014 *)
LinearRecurrence[{3, -3, 1}, {0, 1, 4}, 60] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 24 2015 *)
CoefficientList[Series[-(x^2 + x)/(x - 1)^3, {x, 0, 50}], x] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 23 2018 *)
Range[0, 99]^2 (* Alonso del Arte, Nov 21 2019 *)
Join[{0},Accumulate[Range[1,101,2]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 11 2025 *)

A000290(n):=n^2$ makelist(A000290(n),n,0,30); /* Martin Ettl, Oct 25 2012 */

PARI
```
{a(n) = n^2};
```

b000290(maxn)=for(n=0,maxn,print(n," ",n^2);) \\ Anatoly E. Voevudko, Nov 11 2015

Python
```
# See Hobson link
```

def A000290(n): return n**2 # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 13 2022

(0 to 59).map(n => n * n) // Alonso del Arte, Oct 07 2019

(define (A000290 n) (* n n)) ;; Antti Karttunen, Oct 06 2017

G.f.: x*(1 + x) / (1 - x)^3.
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(x + x^2).
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-2).
a(n) = a(-n).
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^(2*e). - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
Sum of all matrix elements M(i, j) = 2*i/(i+j) (i, j = 1..n). a(n) = Sum_{i = 1..n} Sum_{j = 1..n} 2*i/(i + j). - Alexander Adamchuk, Oct 24 2004
a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-2) + 2. - Miklos Kristof, Mar 09 2005
From Pierre CAMI, Oct 22 2006: (Start)
a(n) is the sum of the odd numbers from 1 to 2*n - 1.
a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, then a(n) = a(n-1) + 2*n - 1. (End)
For n > 0: a(n) = A130064(n)*A130065(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 05 2007
a(n) = Sum_{k = 1..n} A002024(n, k). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 24 2007
Left edge of the triangle in A132111: a(n) = A132111(n, 0). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 10 2007
Binomial transform of [1, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 21 2007
a(n) = binomial(n+1, 2) + binomial(n, 2).
This sequence could be derived from the following general formula (cf. A001286, A000330): n*(n+1)*...*(n+k)*(n + (n+1) + ... + (n+k))/((k+2)!*(k+1)/2) at k = 0. Indeed, using the formula for the sum of the arithmetic progression (n + (n+1) + ... + (n+k)) = (2*n + k)*(k + 1)/2 the general formula could be rewritten as: n*(n+1)*...*(n+k)*(2*n+k)/(k+2)! so for k = 0 above general formula degenerates to n*(2*n + 0)/(0 + 2) = n^2. - Alexander R. Povolotsky, May 18 2008
From a(4) recurrence formula a(n+3) = 3*a(n+2) - 3*a(n+1) + a(n) and a(1) = 1, a(2) = 4, a(3) = 9. - Artur Jasinski, Oct 21 2008
The recurrence a(n+3) = 3*a(n+2) - 3*a(n+1) + a(n) is satisfied by all k-gonal sequences from a(3), with a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, a(2) = k. - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Nov 18 2008
a(n) = floor(n*(n+1)*(Sum_{i = 1..n} 1/(n*(n+1)))). - Ctibor O. Zizka, Mar 07 2009
Product_{i >= 2} 1 - 2/a(i) = -sin(A063448)/A063448. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 12 2009
a(n) = A002378(n-1) + n. - Jaroslav Krizek, Jun 14 2009
a(n) = n*A005408(n-1) - (Sum_{i = 1..n-2} A005408(i)) - (n-1) = n*A005408(n-1) - a(n-1) - (n-1). - Bruno Berselli, May 04 2010
a(n) == 1 (mod n+1). - Bruno Berselli, Jun 03 2010
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) - a(n-3) + 4, n > 2. - Gary Detlefs, Sep 07 2010
a(n+1) = Integral_{x >= 0} exp(-x)/( (Pn(x)*exp(-x)*Ei(x) - Qn(x))^2 +(Pi*exp(-x)*Pn(x))^2 ), with Pn the Laguerre polynomial of order n and Qn the secondary Laguerre polynomial defined by Qn(x) = Integral_{t >= 0} (Pn(x) - Pn(t))*exp(-t)/(x-t). - Groux Roland, Dec 08 2010
Euler transform of length-2 sequence [4, -1]. - Michael Somos, Feb 12 2011
A162395(n) = -(-1)^n * a(n). - Michael Somos, Mar 19 2011
a(n) = A004201(A000217(n)); A007606(a(n)) = A000384(n); A007607(a(n)) = A001105(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 12 2011
Sum_{n >= 1} 1/a(n)^k = (2*Pi)^k*B_k/(2*k!) = zeta(2*k) with Bernoulli numbers B_k = -1, 1/6, 1/30, 1/42, ... for k >= 0. See A019673, A195055/10 etc. [Jolley eq 319].
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n)^k = 2^(k-1)*Pi^k*(1-1/2^(k-1))*B_k/k! [Jolley eq 320] with B_k as above.
A007968(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 18 2011
A071974(a(n)) = n; A071975(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 10 2011
a(n) = A199332(2*n - 1, n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 23 2011
For n >= 1, a(n) = Sum_{d|n} phi(d)*psi(d), where phi is A000010 and psi is A001615. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Feb 29 2012
a(n) = A000217(n^2) - A000217(n^2 - 1), for n > 0. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, May 30 2012
a(n) = (A000217(n) + A000326(n))/2. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 11 2013
a(n) = A162610(n, n) = A209297(n, n) for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 19 2013
a(A000217(n)) = Sum_{i = 1..n} Sum_{j = 1..n} i*j, for n > 0. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Apr 20 2013
a(n) = A133280(A000217(n)). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Aug 13 2013
a(2*a(n)+2*n+1) = a(2*a(n)+2*n) + a(2*n+1). - Vladimir Shevelev, Jan 24 2014
a(n+1) = Sum_{t1+2*t2+...+n*tn = n} (-1)^(n+t1+t2+...+tn)*multinomial(t1+t2 +...+tn,t1,t2,...,tn)*4^(t1)*7^(t2)*8^(t3+...+tn). - Mircea Merca, Feb 27 2014
a(n) = floor(1/(1-cos(1/n)))/2 = floor(1/(1-n*sin(1/n)))/6, n > 0. - Clark Kimberling, Oct 08 2014
a(n) = ceiling(Sum_{k >= 1} log(k)/k^(1+1/n)) = -Zeta'[1+1/n]. Thus any exponent greater than 1 applied to k yields convergence. The fractional portion declines from A073002 = 0.93754... at n = 1 and converges slowly to 0.9271841545163232... for large n. - Richard R. Forberg, Dec 24 2014
a(n) = Sum_{j = 1..n} Sum_{i = 1..n} ceiling((i + j - n + 1)/3). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Mar 12 2015
a(n) = Product_{j = 1..n-1} 2 - 2*cos(2*j*Pi/n). - Michel Marcus, Jul 24 2015
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jun 21 2016: (Start)
Product_{n >= 1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = sinh(Pi)/Pi = A156648.
Sum_{n >= 0} 1/a(n!) = BesselI(0, 2) = A070910. (End)
a(n) = A028338(n, n-1), n >= 1 (second diagonal). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 21 2017
For n >= 1, a(n) = Sum_{d|n} sigma_2(d)*mu(n/d) = Sum_{d|n} A001157(d)*A008683(n/d). - Ridouane Oudra, Apr 15 2021
a(n) = Sum_{i = 1..2*n-1} ceiling(n - i/2). - Stefano Spezia, Apr 16 2021
From Richard L. Ollerton, May 09 2021: (Start) For n >= 1,
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} psi(n/gcd(n,k)).
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} psi(gcd(n,k))*phi(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)).
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} sigma_2(n/gcd(n,k))*mu(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)).
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} sigma_2(gcd(n,k))*mu(n/gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)). (End)
a(n) = (A005449(n) + A000326(n))/3. - Klaus Purath, May 13 2021
Let T(n) = A000217(n), then a(T(n)) + a(T(n+1)) = T(a(n+1)). - Charlie Marion, Jun 27 2022
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} sigma_1(k) + Sum_{i=1..n} (n mod i). - Vadim Kataev, Dec 07 2022
a(n^2) + a(n^2+1) + ... + a(n^2+n) + 4*A000537(n) = a(n^2+n+1) + ... + a(n^2+2n).  In general, if P(k,n) = the n-th k-gonal number, then P(2k,n^2) + P(2k,n^2+1) + ... + P(2k,n^2+n) + 4*(k-1)*A000537(n) = P(2k,n^2+n+1) + ... + P(2k,n^2+2n). - Charlie Marion, Apr 26 2024
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = A013661. - Alois P. Heinz, Oct 19 2024
a(n) = 1 + 3^3*((n-1)/(n+1))^2 + 5^3*((n-1)*(n-2)/((n+1)*(n+2)))^2 + 7^3*((n-1)*(n-2)*(n-3)/((n+1)*(n+2)*(n+3)))^2 + ... for n >= 1. - Peter Bala, Dec 09 2024

Incorrect comment and example removed by Joerg Arndt, Mar 11 2010

A000007 The characteristic function of {0}: a(n) = 0^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Changing the offset to 1 gives the arithmetical function a(1) = 1, a(n) = 0 for n > 1, the identity function for Dirichlet multiplication (see Apostol). - N. J. A. Sloane
Changing the offset to 1 makes this the decimal expansion of 1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 13 2014
Hankel transform (see A001906 for definition) of A000007 (powers of 0), A000012 (powers of 1), A000079 (powers of 2), A000244 (powers of 3), A000302 (powers of 4), A000351 (powers of 5), A000400 (powers of 6), A000420 (powers of 7), A001018 (powers of 8), A001019 (powers of 9), A011557 (powers of 10), A001020 (powers of 11), etc. - Philippe Deléham, Jul 07 2005
This is the identity sequence with respect to convolution. - David W. Wilson, Oct 30 2006
a(A000004(n)) = 1; a(A000027(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 12 2008
The alternating sum of the n-th row of Pascal's triangle gives the characteristic function of 0, a(n) = 0^n. - Daniel Forgues, May 25 2010
The number of maximal self-avoiding walks from the NW to SW corners of a 1 X n grid. - Sean A. Irvine, Nov 19 2010
Historically there has been some disagreement as to whether 0^0 = 1. Graphing x^0 seems to support that conclusion, but graphing 0^x instead suggests that 0^0 = 0. Euler and Knuth have argued in favor of 0^0 = 1. For some calculators, 0^0 triggers an error, while in Mathematica, 0^0 is Indeterminate. - Alonso del Arte, Nov 15 2011
Another consequence of changing the offset to 1 is that then this sequence can be described as the sum of Moebius mu(d) for the divisors d of n. - Alonso del Arte, Nov 28 2011
With the convention 0^0 = 1, 0^n = 0 for n > 0, the sequence a(n) = 0^|n-k|, which equals 1 when n = k and is 0 for n >= 0, has g.f. x^k. A000007 is the case k = 0. - George F. Johnson, Mar 08 2013
A fixed point of the run length transform. - Chai Wah Wu, Oct 21 2016

T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 30.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002; p. 55.

David Wasserman, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Paul Barry, A Catalan Transform and Related Transformations on Integer Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.4.5.
Paul Barry, A Note on a Family of Generalized Pascal Matrices Defined by Riordan Arrays, Journal of Integer Sequences, 16 (2013), #13.5.4.
Dr. Math, 0^0 (zero to the zero power)
Daniele A. Gewurz and Francesca Merola, Sequences realized as Parker vectors of oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 6, 2003.
Donald E. Knuth, Two notes on notation, arXiv:math/9205211 [math.HO], 1992. See page 6 on 0^0.
Robert Price, Comments on A000007, Jan 27 2016
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Elementary Cellular Automaton
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science
Index entries for "core" sequences
Index entries for characteristic functions
Index entries for sequences related to cellular automata
Index to Elementary Cellular Automata
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1).

Characteristic function of {g}: this sequence (g = 0), A063524 (g = 1), A185012 (g = 2), A185013 (g = 3), A185014 (g = 4), A185015 (g = 5), A185016 (g = 6), A185017 (g = 7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 14 2011
Characteristic function of multiples of g: this sequence (g = 0), A000012 (g = 1), A059841 (g = 2), A079978 (g = 3), A121262 (g = 4), A079998 (g = 5), A079979 (g = 6), A082784 (g = 7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 14 2011
Cf. A074909, A027641, A057427.

a000007 = (0 ^)
a000007_list = 1 : repeat 0
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 07 2012, Mar 27 2012

[1] cat [0:n in [1..100]]; // Sergei Haller, Dec 21 2006

A000007 := proc(n) if n = 0 then 1 else 0 fi end: seq(A000007(n), n=0..20);
spec := [A, {A=Z} ]: seq(combstruct[count](spec, size=n+1), n=0..20);

Table[If[n == 0, 1, 0], {n, 0, 99}]
Table[Boole[n == 0], {n, 0, 99}] (* Michael Somos, Aug 25 2012 *)
Join[{1},LinearRecurrence[{1},{0},102]] (* Ray Chandler, Jul 30 2015 *)
PadRight[{1},120,0] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 18 2024 *)

PARI
```
{a(n) = !n};
```

def A000007(n): return int(n==0) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 04 2022

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = 0. - David W. Wilson, Sep 01 2001
a(n) = floor(1/(n + 1)). - Franz Vrabec, Aug 24 2005
As a function of Bernoulli numbers (cf. A027641: (1, -1/2, 1/6, 0, -1/30, ...)), triangle A074909 (the beheaded Pascal's triangle) * B_n as a vector = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 05 2012
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} exp(2*Pi*i*k/(n+1)) is the sum of the (n+1)th roots of unity. - Franz Vrabec, Nov 09 2012
a(n) = (1-(-1)^(2^n))/2. - Luce ETIENNE, May 05 2015
a(n) = 1 - A057427(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Jan 20 2016
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Sep 02 2016: (Start)
Binomial transform of A033999.
Inverse binomial transform of A000012. (End)

A025487 Least integer of each prime signature A124832; also products of primorial numbers A002110.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 30, 32, 36, 48, 60, 64, 72, 96, 120, 128, 144, 180, 192, 210, 216, 240, 256, 288, 360, 384, 420, 432, 480, 512, 576, 720, 768, 840, 864, 900, 960, 1024, 1080, 1152, 1260, 1296, 1440, 1536, 1680, 1728, 1800, 1920, 2048, 2160, 2304, 2310

Offset: 1

David W. Wilson

All numbers of the form 2^k1*3^k2*...*p_n^k_n, where k1 >= k2 >= ... >= k_n, sorted.
A111059 is a subsequence. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 05 2010
Choie et al. (2007) call these "Hardy-Ramanujan integers". - Jean-François Alcover, Aug 14 2014
The exponents k1, k2, ... can be read off Abramowitz & Stegun p. 831, column labeled "pi".
For all such sequences b for which it holds that b(n) = b(A046523(n)), the sequence which gives the indices of records in b is a subsequence of this sequence. For example, A002182 which gives the indices of records for A000005, A002110 which gives them for A001221 and A000079 which gives them for A001222. - Antti Karttunen, Jan 18 2019
The prime signature corresponding to a(n) is given in row n of A124832. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 17 2019

			The first few terms are 1, 2, 2^2, 2*3, 2^3, 2^2*3, 2^4, 2^3*3, 2*3*5, ...

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10001 (first 291 terms from Will Nicholes)
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972.
Kevin Broughan, Equivalents of the Riemann Hypothesis, Vol. 1: Arithmetic Equivalents, Cambridge University Press, 2017. See section 8.2, "Hardy-Ramanujan Numbers".
YoungJu Choie, Nicolas Lichiardopol, Pieter Moree and Patrick Solé, On Robin's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis, Journal de théorie des nombres de Bordeaux, Vol. 19, No. 2 (2007), pp. 357-372. See section 5, p. 367.
Asaf Cohen Antonir and Asaf Shapira, An Elementary Proof of a Theorem of Hardy and Ramanujan (2022). arXiv:2207.09410 [math.NT]
Michael De Vlieger, Relations of A025487 to A002110, A002182, and A002201.
Steven R. Finch, Errata and Addenda to Mathematical Constants, arXiv:2001.00578 [math.HO], 2020, pp. 9-10.
G. H. Hardy and S. Ramanujan, Asymptotic formulae for the distribution of integers of various types, Proc. London Math. Soc, Ser. 2, Vol. 16 (1917), pp. 112-132. Also published in the book Collected Papers of Srinivasa Ramanujan, Chelsea, 1962, pages 245-261.
Jeffery Kline, On the eigenstructure of sparse matrices related to the prime number theorem, Linear Algebra and its Applications (2020) Vol. 584, 409-430.
L. B. Richmond, Asymptotic results for partitions (I) and the distribution of certain integers, Journal of Number Theory, Vol. 8, No. 4 (1976), pp. 372-389. See page 388.

Subsequence of A055932, A191743, and A324583.
Cf. A025488, A051282, A036041, A051466, A061394, A124832, A161360, A166469, A181815, A181817, A283980, A306802, A322584, A322585 (characteristic function), A329897, A329898, A329899, A329900, A329904, A330683.
Cf. A085089, A101296 (left inverses).
Equals range of values taken by A046523.
Cf. A178799 (first differences), A247451 (squarefree kernel), A146288 (number of divisors).
Subsequences of this sequence include: A000079, A000142, A000400, A001013, A001813, A002110, A002182, A005179, A006939, A025527, A056836, A061742, A064350, A066120, A087980, A097212, A097213, A111059, A119840, A119845, A126098, A129912, A140999, A166338, A166470, A166472, A166473, A166475, A167448, A168262, A168263, A168264, A179215, A181555, A181804, A181806, A181809, A181818, A181822, A181823, A181824, A181825, A181826, A181827, A182763, A182862, A182863, A212170, A220264, A220423, A250269, A250270, A260633, A266047, A284456, A300357, A304938, A329894, A330687; also A037019 and A330681 (when sorted), possibly also A289132.
Rearrangements of this sequence include A036035, A059901, A063008, A077569, A085988, A086141, A087443, A108951, A181821, A181822, A322827, A329886, A329887.
Cf. also array A124832 (row n = prime signature of a(n)) and A304886, A307056.

import Data.Set (singleton, fromList, deleteFindMin, union)
a025487 n = a025487_list !! (n-1)
a025487_list = 1 : h [b] (singleton b) bs where
   (_ : b : bs) = a002110_list
   h cs s xs'@(x:xs)
     | m <= x    = m : h (m:cs) (s' `union` fromList (map (* m) cs)) xs'
     | otherwise = x : h (x:cs) (s  `union` fromList (map (* x) (x:cs))) xs
     where (m, s') = deleteFindMin s
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2013

isA025487 := proc(n)
    local pset,omega ;
    pset := sort(convert(numtheory[factorset](n),list)) ;
    omega := nops(pset) ;
    if op(-1,pset) <> ithprime(omega) then
        return false;
    end if;
    for i from 1 to omega-1 do
        if padic[ordp](n,ithprime(i)) < padic[ordp](n,ithprime(i+1)) then
            return false;
        end if;
    end do:
    true ;
end proc:
A025487 := proc(n)
    option remember ;
    local a;
    if n = 1 then
        1 ;
    else
        for a from procname(n-1)+1 do
            if isA025487(a) then
                return a;
            end if;
        end do:
    end if;
end proc:
seq(A025487(n),n=1..100) ; # R. J. Mathar, May 25 2017

PrimeExponents[n_] := Last /@ FactorInteger[n]; lpe = {}; ln = {1}; Do[pe = Sort@PrimeExponents@n; If[ FreeQ[lpe, pe], AppendTo[lpe, pe]; AppendTo[ln, n]], {n, 2, 2350}]; ln (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 14 2004 *)
(* Second program: generate all terms m <= A002110(n): *)
f[n_] := {{1}}~Join~
  Block[{lim = Product[Prime@ i, {i, n}],
   ww = NestList[Append[#, 1] &, {1}, n - 1], dec},
   dec[x_] := Apply[Times, MapIndexed[Prime[First@ #2]^#1 &, x]];
   Map[Block[{w = #, k = 1},
      Sort@ Prepend[If[Length@ # == 0, #, #[[1]]],
        Product[Prime@ i, {i, Length@ w}] ] &@ Reap[
         Do[
          If[# < lim,
             Sow[#]; k = 1,
             If[k >= Length@ w, Break[], k++]] &@ dec@ Set[w,
             If[k == 1,
               MapAt[# + 1 &, w, k],
               PadLeft[#, Length@ w, First@ #] &@
                 Drop[MapAt[# + Boole[i > 1] &, w, k], k - 1] ]],
           {i, Infinity}] ][[-1]]
] &, ww]]; Sort[Join @@ f@ 13] (* Michael De Vlieger, May 19 2018 *)

isA025487(n)=my(k=valuation(n,2),t);n>>=k;forprime(p=3,default(primelimit),t=valuation(n,p);if(t>k,return(0),k=t);if(k,n/=p^k,return(n==1))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 10 2011

factfollow(n)={local(fm, np, n2);
  fm=factor(n); np=matsize(fm)[1];
  if(np==0,return([2]));
  n2=n*nextprime(fm[np,1]+1);
  if(np==1||fm[np,2]Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Dec 01 2011 */

is(n) = {if(n==1, return(1)); my(f = factor(n));  f[#f~, 1] == prime(#f~) && vecsort(f[, 2],,4) == f[, 2]} \\ David A. Corneth, Feb 14 2019

upto(Nmax)=vecsort(concat(vector(logint(Nmax,2),n,select(t->t<=Nmax,if(n>1,[factorback(primes(#p),Vecrev(p)) || p<-partitions(n)],[1,2]))))) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jul 17 2019

\\ For fast generation of large number of terms, use this program:
A283980(n) = {my(f=factor(n)); prod(i=1, #f~, my(p=f[i, 1], e=f[i, 2]); if(p==2, 6, nextprime(p+1))^e)}; \\ From A283980
A025487list(e) = { my(lista = List([1, 2]), i=2, u = 2^e, t); while(lista[i] != u, if(2*lista[i] <= u, listput(lista,2*lista[i]); t = A283980(lista[i]); if(t <= u, listput(lista,t))); i++); vecsort(Vec(lista)); }; \\ Returns a list of terms up to the term 2^e.
v025487 = A025487list(101);
A025487(n) = v025487[n];
for(n=1,#v025487,print1(A025487(n), ", ")); \\ Antti Karttunen, Dec 24 2019

def sharp_primorial(n): return sloane.A002110(prime_pi(n))
N = 2310
nmax = 2^floor(log(N,2))
sorted([j for j in (prod(sharp_primorial(t[0])^t[1] for k, t in enumerate(factor(n))) for n in (1..nmax)) if j <= N])
# Giuseppe Coppoletta, Jan 26 2015

What can be said about the asymptotic behavior of this sequence? - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jan 06 2010
Hardy & Ramanujan prove that there are exp((2 Pi + o(1))/sqrt(3) * sqrt(log x/log log x)) members of this sequence up to x. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 05 2012
From Antti Karttunen, Jan 18 & Dec 24 2019: (Start)
A085089(a(n)) = n.
A101296(a(n)) = n [which is the first occurrence of n in A101296, and thus also a record.]
A001221(a(n)) = A061395(a(n)) = A061394(n).
A007814(a(n)) = A051903(a(n)) = A051282(n).
a(A101296(n)) = A046523(n).
a(A306802(n)) = A002182(n).
a(n) = A108951(A181815(n)) = A329900(A181817(n)).
If A181815(n) is odd, a(n) = A283980(a(A329904(n))), otherwise a(n) = 2*a(A329904(n)).
(End)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Product_{n>=1} 1/(1 - 1/A002110(n)) = A161360. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 20 2020

Offset corrected by Matthew Vandermast, Oct 19 2008

Minor correction by Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 03 2010

A011557 Powers of 10: a(n) = 10^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000, 10000000000, 100000000000, 1000000000000, 10000000000000, 100000000000000, 1000000000000000, 10000000000000000, 100000000000000000, 1000000000000000000

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Same as Pisot sequences E(1, 10), L(1, 10), P(1, 10), T(1, 10). Essentially same as Pisot sequences E(10, 100), L(10, 100), P(10, 100), T(10, 100). See A008776 for definitions of Pisot sequences.
Same as k^n in base k. - Dominick Cancilla, Aug 02 2010 [Corrected by Jianing Song, Sep 17 2022]
The compositions of n in which each natural number is colored by one of p different colors are called p-colored compositions of n. For n >= 1, a(n) equals the number of 10-colored compositions of n such that no adjacent parts have the same color. - Milan Janjic, Nov 17 2011
Smallest n+1 digit number greater than 0 (with offset 0). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jan 17 2014
Numbers with digit sum = 1, or, A007953(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 17 2014
Does not satisfy Benford's law. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 14 2017

Philip Morrison et al., Powers of Ten, Scientific American Press, 1982 and later editions.
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002; p. 55.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
Kees Boeke, Cosmic View: The Universe in 40 Jumps (1957) [The original "powers of ten" book]
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
Charles and Ray Eames, Powers of Ten
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Robert Price, Comments on A011557 concerning Elementary Cellular Automata, Feb 21 2016
Y. Puri and T. Ward, Arithmetic and growth of periodic orbits, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 4 (2001), #01.2.1.
Science, Optics and You, Secret Worlds: The Universe Within [Powers of Ten]
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, 10
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Digitaddition
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Elementary Cellular Automaton
Wikipedia, Powers of Ten
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (10).
Index to Elementary Cellular Automata
Index entries for sequences related to cellular automata
Index entries for sequences related to Benford's law

Cf. A000005, A000012, A000290, A000400, A007953, A008776, A159991, A178500, A242614.
Cf. A178501: this sequence with 0 prefixed.
Row 5 of A329332.

a011557 = (10 ^)
a011557_list = iterate (* 10) 1
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 05 2013, Feb 05 2012

A011557:=n->10^n; seq(A011557(n), n=0..40); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jan 17 2014

Table[10^n,{n,0,40}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 15 2011 *)
10^Range[0,20] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 17 2023 *)

A011557(n):=10^n$ makelist(A011557(n),n,0,30); /* Martin Ettl, Nov 05 2012 */

a(n)=10^n \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 15 2011

print([10**n for n in range(19)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jan 10 2021

a(n) = 10^n.
a(n) = 10*a(n-1).
G.f.: 1/(1-10*x).
E.g.f.: exp(10*x).
A000005(a(n)) = A000290(n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 04 2007
a(n) = 60^n/6^n = A159991(n)/A000400(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 02 2009
a(n) = A178501(n+1); for n > 0: a(n) = A178500(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 28 2010
Sum_{n>0} 1/a(n) = 1/9 = A000012. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 28 2024

Links to "Powers of Ten" books and videos added by N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 07 2009

A000420 Powers of 7: a(n) = 7^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, 49, 343, 2401, 16807, 117649, 823543, 5764801, 40353607, 282475249, 1977326743, 13841287201, 96889010407, 678223072849, 4747561509943, 33232930569601, 232630513987207, 1628413597910449, 11398895185373143, 79792266297612001, 558545864083284007

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Same as Pisot sequences E(1, 7), L(1, 7), P(1, 7), T(1, 7). Essentially same as Pisot sequences E(7, 49), L(7, 49), P(7, 49), T(7, 49). See A008776 for definitions of Pisot sequences.
Sum of coefficients of expansion of (1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5+x^6)^n.
a(n) is number of compositions of natural numbers into n parts < 7.
The compositions of n in which each natural number is colored by one of p different colors are called p-colored compositions of n. For n>=1, a(n) equals the number of 7-colored compositions of n such that no adjacent parts have the same color. - Milan Janjic, Nov 17 2011
Numbers n such that sigma(7n) = 7n + sigma(n). - Jahangeer Kholdi, Nov 23 2013
Number of ways to assign truth values to n ternary disjunctions connected by conjunctions such that the proposition is true. For example, a(2) = 49, since for the proposition '(a v b v c) & (d v e v f)' there are 49 assignments that make the proposition true. - Ori Milstein, Dec 31 2022
Equivalently, the number of length-n words over an alphabet with seven letters. - Joerg Arndt, Jan 01 2023

			a(2)=49 there are 49 compositions of natural numbers into 2 parts < 7.

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 272
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Y. Puri and T. Ward, Arithmetic and growth of periodic orbits, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 4 (2001), #01.2.1.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (7).

Cf. A000079 (powers of 2), A000244 (powers of 3), A000302 (powers of 4), A000351 (powers of 5), A000400 (powers of 6), A001018 (powers of 8), ..., A001029 (powers of 19), A009964 (powers of 20), ..., A009992 (powers of 48), A087752 (powers of 49).

a000420 = (7 ^)
a000420_list = iterate (* 7) 1  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 29 2015

[7^n : n in [0..30]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Sep 27 2016

A000420:=-1/(-1+7*z); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation. [This is actually the generating function, so convert(series(...),list) would yield the actual sequence. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 19 2015]
A000420 := n -> 7^n; # M. F. Hasler, Apr 19 2015

Table[7^n, {n,0,50}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 15 2011 *)

makelist(7^n,n,0,20); /* Martin Ettl, Dec 27 2012 */

a(n)=7^n \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 28 2015

a(n) = 7^n.
a(0) = 1; a(n) = 7*a(n-1).
G.f.: 1/(1-7*x).
E.g.f.: exp(7*x).
4/7 - 5/7^2 + 4/7^3 - 5/7^4 + ... = 23/48. [Jolley, Summation of Series, Dover, 1961]

A001018 Powers of 8: a(n) = 8^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 64, 512, 4096, 32768, 262144, 2097152, 16777216, 134217728, 1073741824, 8589934592, 68719476736, 549755813888, 4398046511104, 35184372088832, 281474976710656, 2251799813685248, 18014398509481984, 144115188075855872, 1152921504606846976, 9223372036854775808, 73786976294838206464, 590295810358705651712, 4722366482869645213696

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Same as Pisot sequences E(1, 8), L(1, 8), P(1, 8), T(1, 8). Essentially same as Pisot sequences E(8, 64), L(8, 64), P(8, 64), T(8, 64). See A008776 for definitions of Pisot sequences.
If X_1, X_2, ..., X_n is a partition of the set {1..2n} into blocks of size 2 then, for n>=1, a(n) is equal to the number of functions f : {1..2n} -> {1,2,3} such that for fixed y_1,y_2,...,y_n in {1,2,3} we have f(X_i)<>{y_i}, (i=1..n). - Milan Janjic, May 24 2007
This is the auto-convolution (convolution square) of A059304. - R. J. Mathar, May 25 2009
The compositions of n in which each natural number is colored by one of p different colors are called p-colored compositions of n. For n>=1, a(n) equals the number of 8-colored compositions of n such that no adjacent parts have the same color. - Milan Janjic, Nov 17 2011
a(n) is equal to the determinant of a 3 X 3 matrix with rows 2^(n+2), 2^(n+1), 2^n; 2^(n+3), 2^(n+4), 2(n+3); 2^n, 2^(n+1), 2^(n+2) when it is divided by 144. - J. M. Bergot, May 07 2014
a(n) gives the number of small squares in the n-th iteration of the Sierpinski carpet fractal. Equivalently, the number of vertices in the n-Sierpinski carpet graph. - Allan Bickle, Nov 27 2022

			For n=1, the 1st order Sierpinski carpet graph is an 8-cycle.

K. H. Rosen et al., eds., Handbook of Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics, CRC Press, 2017; p. 15.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
Allan Bickle, Degrees of Menger and Sierpinski Graphs, Congr. Num. 227 (2016) 197-208.
Allan Bickle, MegaMenger Graphs, The College Mathematics Journal, 49 1 (2018) 20-26.
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 273
Milan Janjic, Enumerative Formulas for Some Functions on Finite Sets
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Caroline Nunn, A Proof of a Generalization of Niven's Theorem Using Algebraic Number Theory, Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal: Vol. 22, Iss. 2, Article 3 (2021). See table at p. 9.
Y. Puri and T. Ward, Arithmetic and growth of periodic orbits, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 4 (2001), #01.2.1.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpiński Carpet
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (8).

Cf. A013730, A103333, A013731, A067417, A083233, A055274.
Cf. A008588, A016969, A157176.
Cf. A000079 (powers of 2), A000244 (powers of 3), A000302 (powers of 4), A000351 (powers of 5), A000400 (powers of 6), A000420 (powers of 7), A001019 (powers of 9), ..., A001029 (powers of 19), A009964 (powers of 20), ..., A009992 (powers of 48), A087752 (powers of 49), A165800 (powers of 50), A159991 (powers of 60).
Cf. A032766 (floor(3*n/2)).
Cf. A271939 (number of edges in the n-Sierpinski carpet graph).

a001018 = (8 ^)
a001018_list = iterate (* 8) 1  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 29 2015

[8^n : n in [0..30]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Sep 27 2016

seq(8^n, n=0..23); # Nathaniel Johnston, Jun 26 2011
A001018 := n -> 8^n; # M. F. Hasler, Apr 19 2015

Table[8^n, {n,0,50}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 15 2011 *)

makelist(8^n,n,0,20); /* Martin Ettl, Nov 12 2012 */

a(n)=8^n \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, May 10 2014

print([8**n for n in range(25)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Dec 29 2021

a(n) = 8^n.
a(0) = 1; a(n) = 8*a(n-1) for n > 0.
G.f.: 1/(1-8*x).
E.g.f.: exp(8*x).
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 8/7. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 29 2008
a(n) = A157176(A008588(n)); a(n+1) = A157176(A016969(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 24 2009
From Stefano Spezia, Dec 28 2021: (Start)
a(n) = (-1)^n*(1 + sqrt(-3))^(3*n) (see Nunn, p. 9).
a(n) = (-1)^n*Sum_{k=0..floor(3*n/2)} (-3)^k*binomial(3*n, 2*k) (see Nunn, p. 9). (End)

A225546 Tek's flip: Write n as the product of distinct factors of the form prime(i)^(2^(j-1)) with i and j integers, and replace each such factor with prime(j)^(2^(i-1)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 3, 16, 8, 256, 6, 9, 32, 65536, 12, 4294967296, 512, 64, 5, 18446744073709551616, 18, 340282366920938463463374607431768211456, 48, 1024, 131072, 115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936, 24, 81, 8589934592, 36, 768

Offset: 1

Paul Tek, May 10 2013

This is a multiplicative self-inverse permutation of the integers.
A225547 gives the fixed points.
From Antti Karttunen and Peter Munn, Feb 02 2020: (Start)
This sequence operates on the Fermi-Dirac factors of a number. As arranged in array form, in A329050, this sequence reflects these factors about the main diagonal of the array, substituting A329050[j,i] for A329050[i,j], and this results in many relationships including significant homomorphisms.
This sequence provides a relationship between the operations of squaring and prime shift (A003961) because each successive column of the A329050 array is the square of the previous column, and each successive row is the prime shift of the previous row.
A329050 gives examples of how significant sets of numbers can be formed by choosing their factors in relation to rows and/or columns. This sequence therefore maps equivalent derived sets by exchanging rows and columns. Thus odd numbers are exchanged for squares, squarefree numbers for powers of 2 etc.
Alternative construction: For n > 1, form a vector v of length A299090(n), where each element v[i] for i=1..A299090(n) is a product of those distinct prime factors p(i) of n whose exponent e(i) has the bit (i-1) "on", or 1 (as an empty product) if no such exponents are present. a(n) is then Product_{i=1..A299090(n)} A000040(i)^A048675(v[i]). Note that because each element of vector v is squarefree, it means that each exponent A048675(v[i]) present in the product is a "submask" (not all necessarily proper) of the binary string A087207(n).
This permutation effects the following mappings:
A000035(a(n)) = A010052(n), A010052(a(n)) = A000035(n). [Odd numbers <-> Squares]
A008966(a(n)) = A209229(n), A209229(a(n)) = A008966(n). [Squarefree numbers <-> Powers of 2]
(End)
From Antti Karttunen, Jul 08 2020: (Start)
Moreover, we see also that this sequence maps between A016825 (Numbers of the form 4k+2) and A001105 (2*squares) as well as between A008586 (Multiples of 4) and A028983 (Numbers with even sum of the divisors).
(End)

			  7744  = prime(1)^2^(2-1)*prime(1)^2^(3-1)*prime(5)^2^(2-1).
a(7744) = prime(2)^2^(1-1)*prime(3)^2^(1-1)*prime(2)^2^(5-1) = 645700815.

Cf. A225547 (fixed points) and the subsequences listed there.
Transposes A329050, A329332.
An automorphism of positive integers under the binary operations A059895, A059896, A059897, A306697, A329329.
An automorphism of A059897 subgroups: A000379, A003159, A016754, A122132.
Permutes lists where membership is determined by number of Fermi-Dirac factors: A000028, A050376, A176525, A268388.
Also permutes: A036554, A059404, A066427, A066428, A072774, A331593.
Sequences f that satisfy f(a(n)) = f(n): A048675, A064179, A064547, A097248, A302777, A331592.
Pairs of sequences (f,g) that satisfy a(f(n)) = g(a(n)): (A000265,A008833), (A000290,A003961), (A005843,A334747), (A006519,A007913), (A008586,A334748).
Pairs of sequences (f,g) that satisfy a(f(n)) = g(n), possibly with offset change: (A000040,A001146), (A000079,A019565).
Pairs of sequences (f,g) that satisfy f(a(n)) = g(n), possibly with offset change: (A000035, A010052), (A008966, A209229), (A007814, A248663), (A061395, A299090), (A087207, A267116), (A225569, A227291).
Cf. A331287 [= gcd(a(n),n)].
Cf. A331288 [= min(a(n),n)], see also A331301.
Cf. A331309 [= A000005(a(n)), number of divisors].
Cf. A331590 [= a(a(n)*a(n))].
Cf. A331591 [= A001221(a(n)), number of distinct prime factors], see also A331593.
Cf. A331740 [= A001222(a(n)), number of prime factors with multiplicity].
Cf. A331733 [= A000203(a(n)), sum of divisors].
Cf. A331734 [= A033879(a(n)), deficiency].
Cf. A331735 [= A009194(a(n))].
Cf. A331736 [= A000265(a(n)) = a(A008833(n)), largest odd divisor].
Cf. A335914 [= A038040(a(n))].
A self-inverse isomorphism between pairs of A059897 subgroups: (A000079,A005117), (A000244,A062503), (A000290\{0},A005408), (A000302,A056911), (A000351,A113849 U {1}), (A000400,A062838), (A001651,A252895), (A003586,A046100), (A007310,A000583), (A011557,A113850 U {1}), (A028982,A042968), (A053165,A065331), (A262675,A268390).
A bijection between pairs of sets: (A001248,A011764), (A007283,A133466), (A016825, A001105), (A008586, A028983).
Cf. also A336321, A336322 (compositions with another involution, A122111).

Array[If[# == 1, 1, Times @@ Flatten@ Map[Function[{p, e}, Map[Prime[Log2@ # + 1]^(2^(PrimePi@ p - 1)) &, DeleteCases[NumberExpand[e, 2], 0]]] @@ # &, FactorInteger[#]]] &, 28] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jan 21 2020 *)

A019565(n) = factorback(vecextract(primes(logint(n+!n, 2)+1), n));
a(n) = {my(f=factor(n)); for (i=1, #f~, my(p=f[i,1]); f[i,1] = A019565(f[i,2]); f[i,2] = 2^(primepi(p)-1);); factorback(f);} \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 29 2019

A048675(n) = { my(f = factor(n)); sum(k=1, #f~, f[k, 2]*2^primepi(f[k, 1]))/2; };
A225546(n) = if(1==n,1,my(f=factor(n),u=#binary(vecmax(f[, 2])),prods=vector(u,x,1),m=1,e); for(i=1,u,for(k=1,#f~, if(bitand(f[k,2],m),prods[i] *= f[k,1])); m<<=1); prod(i=1,u,prime(i)^A048675(prods[i]))); \\ Antti Karttunen, Feb 02 2020

from math import prod
from sympy import prime, primepi, factorint
def A225546(n): return prod(prod(prime(i) for i, v in enumerate(bin(e)[:1:-1],1) if v == '1')**(1<Chai Wah Wu, Mar 17 2023

Multiplicative, with a(prime(i)^j) = A019565(j)^A000079(i-1).
a(prime(i)) = 2^(2^(i-1)).
From Antti Karttunen and Peter Munn, Feb 06 2020: (Start)
a(A329050(n,k)) = A329050(k,n).
a(A329332(n,k)) = A329332(k,n).
Equivalently, a(A019565(n)^k) = A019565(k)^n. If n = 1, this gives a(2^k) = A019565(k).
a(A059897(n,k)) = A059897(a(n), a(k)).
The previous formula implies a(n*k) = a(n) * a(k) if A059895(n,k) = 1.
a(A000040(n)) = A001146(n-1); a(A001146(n)) = A000040(n+1).
a(A000290(a(n))) = A003961(n); a(A003961(a(n))) = A000290(n) = n^2.
a(A000265(a(n))) = A008833(n); a(A008833(a(n))) = A000265(n).
a(A006519(a(n))) = A007913(n); a(A007913(a(n))) = A006519(n).
A007814(a(n)) = A248663(n); A248663(a(n)) = A007814(n).
A048675(a(n)) = A048675(n) and A048675(a(2^k * n)) = A048675(2^k * a(n)) = k + A048675(a(n)).
(End)
From Antti Karttunen and Peter Munn, Jul 08 2020: (Start)
For all n >= 1, a(2n) = A334747(a(n)).
In particular, for n = A003159(m), m >= 1, a(2n) = 2*a(n). [Note that A003159 includes all odd numbers]
(End)

Name edited by Peter Munn, Feb 14 2020

"Tek's flip" prepended to the name by Antti Karttunen, Jul 08 2020

A062394 a(n) = 6^n + 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 7, 37, 217, 1297, 7777, 46657, 279937, 1679617, 10077697, 60466177, 362797057, 2176782337, 13060694017, 78364164097, 470184984577, 2821109907457, 16926659444737, 101559956668417, 609359740010497, 3656158440062977

Offset: 0

Henry Bottomley, Jun 22 2001

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..150
Amelia Carolina Sparavigna, Some Groupoids and their Representations by Means of Integer Sequences, International Journal of Sciences (2019) Vol. 8, No. 10.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (7,-6).

Sequences of the form m^n + 1: A000012 (m=0), A007395 (m=1), A000051 (m=2), A034472 (m=3), A052539 (m=4), A034474 (m=5), this sequence (m=6), A034491 (m=7), A062395 (m=8), A062396 (m=9), A062397 (m=10), A034524 (m=11), A178248 (m=12), A141012 (m=13), A228081 (m=64).

Cf. A000400.

[6^n + 1: n in [0..30] ]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 30 2011

6^Range[0,30] +1
LinearRecurrence[{7,-6},{2,7},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 11 2015 *)

vector(20, n, n--; 6^n + 1) \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 11 2015

[6^n+1 for n in range(31)] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 11 2023

a(n) = 6*a(n-1) - 5.
a(n) = A000400(n) + 1.
a(n) = 7*a(n-1) - 6*a(n-2).
From Mohammad K. Azarian, Jan 02 2009: (Start)
G.f.: 1/(1-x) + 1/(1-6*x).
E.g.f.: exp(x) + exp(6*x). (End)

A015441 Generalized Fibonacci numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 7, 13, 55, 133, 463, 1261, 4039, 11605, 35839, 105469, 320503, 953317, 2876335, 8596237, 25854247, 77431669, 232557151, 697147165, 2092490071, 6275373061, 18830313487, 56482551853, 169464432775, 508359743893, 1525146340543, 4575304803901, 13726182847159

Offset: 0

Olivier Gérard

a(n) is the coefficient of x^(n-1) in the bivariate Fibonacci polynomials F(n)(x,y) = xF(n-1)(x,y) + yF(n-2)(x,y), F(0)(x,y)=0, F(1)(x,y)=1, when y=6x^2. - Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Dec 06 2002
For n>=1: number of length-(n-1) words with letters {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7} where no two consecutive letters are nonzero, see fxtbook link below. - Joerg Arndt, Apr 08 2011
Starting with offset 1 and convolved with (1, 3, 3, 3, ...) = A003462: (1, 4, 13, 40, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, May 28 2009
a(n) is identical to its inverse binomial transform signed. Differences: A102901. - Paul Curtz, Feb 23 2010
The compositions of n in which each natural number is colored by one of p different colors are called p-colored compositions of n. For n>=2, 7*a(n-2) equals the number of 7-colored compositions of n with all parts >=2, such that no adjacent parts have the same color. - Milan Janjic, Nov 26 2011
Pisano period lengths: 1, 1, 1, 2, 20, 1, 6, 2, 3, 20, 5, 2, 12, 6, 20, 4, 16, 3, 18, 20, ... - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
A015441 and A015518 are the only integer sequences (from the family of homogeneous linear recurrence relation of order 2 with positive integer coefficients with initial values a(0)=0 and a(1)=1) whose ratio a(n+1)/a(n) converges to 3 as n approaches infinity. - Felix P. Muga II, Mar 14 2014
This is an autosequence of the first kind: the array of successive differences shows a main diagonal of zeros and the inverse binomial transform is identical to the sequence (with alternating signs). - Pointed out by Paul Curtz, Dec 05 2016
First two upper diagonals: A000400(n).
This is a variation on the Starhex honeycomb configuration A332243, see illustration in links. It is an alternating pattern of the 2nd iteration of the centered hexagonal numbers A003215 and centered 12-gonal 'Star' numbers A003154. - John Elias, Oct 06 2021

			G.f. = x + x^2 + 7*x^3 + 13*x^4 + 55*x^5 + 133*x^6 + 463*x^7 + 1261*x^8 + ...

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000 (terms 0..200 from T. D. Noe)
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), p. 317-318
A. Abdurrahman, CM Method and Expansion of Numbers, arXiv:1909.10889 [math.NT], 2019.
John Elias, Illustration: A Starhex honeycomb variation
Milan Janjic, On Linear Recurrence Equations Arising from Compositions of Positive Integers, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.7.
H. Li and T. MacHenry, Permanents and Determinants, Weighted Isobaric Polynomials, and Integer Sequences, J. Int. Seq. 16 (2013) #13.3.5, example 48.
F. P. Muga II, Extending the Golden Ratio and the Binet-de Moivre Formula, March 2014; Preprint on ResearchGate.
A. G. Shannon and J. V. Leyendekkers, The Golden Ratio family and the Binet equation, Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 21, No. 2, (2015), 35-42.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,6).

Cf. A000079, A003462, A016153, A109466, A122117. Cf. A001656, A087451. Cf. A000400.

I:=[0,1]; [n le 2 select I[n] else Self(n-1) + 6*Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jan 24 2018

A015441:=n->(1/5)*((3^n)-((-2)^n)); seq(A015441(n), n=0..30); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Mar 14 2014

a[n_]:=(MatrixPower[{{1,4},{1,-2}},n].{{1},{1}})[[2,1]]; Table[Abs[a[n]], {n,-1,40}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 19 2010 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1,6},{0,1},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 26 2011 *)
CoefficientList[Series[x/((1 + 2 x) (1 - 3 x)), {x, 0, 29}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 05 2016 *)

PARI
```
{a(n) = (3^n - (-2)^n) / 5};
```

[lucas_number1(n,1,-6) for n in range(0, 27)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 22 2009

G.f.: x/((1+2*x)*(1-3*x)).
a(n) = a(n-1) + 6*a(n-2).
a(n) = (1/5)*((3^n)-((-2)^n)). - henryk.wicke(AT)stud.uni-hannover.de
E.g.f.: (exp(3*x) - exp(-2*x))/5. - Paul Barry, Apr 20 2003
a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..ceiling(n/2)} 6^k*binomial(n-k, k). - Benoit Cloitre, Mar 06 2004
a(n) = (A000244(n) - A001045(n+1)(-1)^n - A001045(n)(-1)^n)/5. - Paul Barry, Apr 27 2004
The binomial transform of [1,1,7,13,55,133,463,...] is A122117. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 19 2006
a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} A109466(n,k)*(-6)^(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 26 2008
a(n) = 3a(n-1) + (-1)^(n+1)*A000079(n-1). - Paul Curtz, Feb 23 2010
G.f.: Q(0) -1, where Q(k) = 1 + 6*x^2 + (k+2)*x - x*(k+1 + 6*x)/Q(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 06 2013
a(n) = (Sum_{1<=k<=n, k odd} binomial(n,k)*5^(k-1))/2^(n-1). - Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 05 2014
a(-n) = -(-1)^n * a(n) / 6^n for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Mar 18 2014
From Peter Bala, Apr 01 2015: (Start)
Sum_{n >= 0} a(n+1)*x^n = exp( Sum_{n >= 1} A087451(n)*x^n/n ).
For k = 0, 1, 2, ... and for n >= 1, (5^k)*a(n) | a((5^k)*n).
The expansion of exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(5*n)/(5*a(n))*x^n/n ) has integral coefficients. Cf. A001656. (End)
From  Peter Bala, Jun 27 2025: (Start)
Sum_{n >= 1} (-6)^n/(a(n)*a(n+1)) = -2, since (-6)^n/(a(n)*a(n+1)) = (-2)^n/a(n) - (-2)^(n+1)/a(n+1) for n >= 1.
The following are examples of telescoping infinite products:
Product_{n >= 0} (1 + 6^n/a(2*n+2)) = 6, since (1 + 6^(2*n-1)/a(4*n))*(1 + 6^(2*n)/a(4*n+2)) = (6 - 4^(n+1)/b(n)) / (6 - 4^n/b(n-1)), where b(n) = (2*4^n + 3*9^n)/5 = A096951(n). Similarly,
Product_{n >= 1} (1 - 6^n/a(2*n+2)) = 3/13.
Product_{n >= 0} (1 + (-6)^n/a(2*n+2)) = 6/5.
Product_{n >= 1} (1 - (-6)^n/a(2*n+2)) = 15/13.
exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(2*n)/a(n)*x^n/n ) = Sum_{n >= 0} a(n+1)*x^n. (End)

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A081144 Starting at 1, four-fold convolution of A000400 (powers of 6).

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A000290 The squares: a(n) = n^2.

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A000007 The characteristic function of {0}: a(n) = 0^n.

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A025487 Least integer of each prime signature A124832; also products of primorial numbers A002110.

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A011557 Powers of 10: a(n) = 10^n.

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