A055205 -id:A055205 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000005 d(n) (also called tau(n) or sigma_0(n)), the number of divisors of n.

1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 2, 6, 2, 4, 4, 5, 2, 6, 2, 6, 4, 4, 2, 8, 3, 4, 4, 6, 2, 8, 2, 6, 4, 4, 4, 9, 2, 4, 4, 8, 2, 8, 2, 6, 6, 4, 2, 10, 3, 6, 4, 6, 2, 8, 4, 8, 4, 4, 2, 12, 2, 4, 6, 7, 4, 8, 2, 6, 4, 8, 2, 12, 2, 4, 6, 6, 4, 8, 2, 10, 5, 4, 2, 12, 4, 4, 4, 8, 2, 12, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 12, 2, 6, 6, 9, 2, 8, 2, 8

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

If the canonical factorization of n into prime powers is Product p^e(p) then d(n) = Product (e(p) + 1). More generally, for k > 0, sigma_k(n) = Product_p ((p^((e(p)+1)*k))-1)/(p^k-1) is the sum of the k-th powers of the divisors of n.
Number of ways to write n as n = x*y, 1 <= x <= n, 1 <= y <= n. For number of unordered solutions to x*y=n, see A038548.
Note that d(n) is not the number of Pythagorean triangles with radius of the inscribed circle equal to n (that is A078644). For number of primitive Pythagorean triangles having inradius n, see A068068(n).
Number of factors in the factorization of the polynomial x^n-1 over the integers. - T. D. Noe, Apr 16 2003
Also equal to the number of partitions p of n such that all the parts have the same cardinality, i.e., max(p)=min(p). - Giovanni Resta, Feb 06 2006
Equals A127093 as an infinite lower triangular matrix * the harmonic series, [1/1, 1/2, 1/3, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, May 10 2007
For odd n, this is the number of partitions of n into consecutive integers. Proof: For n = 1, clearly true. For n = 2k + 1, k >= 1, map each (necessarily odd) divisor to such a partition as follows: For 1 and n, map k + (k+1) and n, respectively. For any remaining divisor d <= sqrt(n), map (n/d - (d-1)/2) + ... + (n/d - 1) + (n/d) + (n/d + 1) + ... + (n/d + (d-1)/2) {i.e., n/d plus (d-1)/2 pairs each summing to 2n/d}. For any remaining divisor d > sqrt(n), map ((d-1)/2 - (n/d - 1)) + ... + ((d-1)/2 - 1) + (d-1)/2 + (d+1)/2 + ((d+1)/2 + 1) + ... + ((d+1)/2 + (n/d - 1)) {i.e., n/d pairs each summing to d}. As all such partitions must be of one of the above forms, the 1-to-1 correspondence and proof is complete. - Rick L. Shepherd, Apr 20 2008
Number of subgroups of the cyclic group of order n. - Benoit Jubin, Apr 29 2008
Equals row sums of triangle A143319. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 07 2008
Equals row sums of triangle A159934, equivalent to generating a(n) by convolving A000005 prefaced with a 1; (1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, ...) with the INVERTi transform of A000005, (A159933): (1, 1,-1, 0, -1, 2, ...). Example: a(6) = 4 = (1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2) dot (2, -1, 0, -1, 1, 1) = (2, -1, 0, -2, 3, 2) = 4. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 26 2009
Number of times n appears in an n X n multiplication table. - Dominick Cancilla, Aug 02 2010
Number of k >= 0 such that (k^2 + k*n + k)/(k + 1) is an integer. - Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Oct 25 2015
The only numbers k such that tau(k) >= k/2 are 1,2,3,4,6,8,12. - Michael De Vlieger, Dec 14 2016
a(n) is also the number of partitions of 2*n into equal parts, minus the number of partitions of 2*n into consecutive parts. - Omar E. Pol, May 03 2017
From Tomohiro Yamada, Oct 27 2020: (Start)
Let k(n) = log d(n)*log log n/(log 2 * log n), then lim sup k(n) = 1 (Hardy and Wright, Chapter 18, Theorem 317) and k(n) <= k(6983776800) = 1.537939... (the constant A280235) for every n (Nicolas and Robin, 1983).
There exist infinitely many n such that d(n) = d(n+1) (Heath-Brown, 1984). The number of such integers n <= x is at least c*x/(log log x)^3 (Hildebrand, 1987) but at most O(x/sqrt(log log x)) (Erdős, Carl Pomerance and Sárközy, 1987). (End)
Number of 2D grids of n congruent rectangles with two different side lengths, in a rectangle, modulo rotation (cf. A038548 for squares instead of rectangles). Also number of ways to arrange n identical objects in a rectangle (NOT modulo rotation, cf. A038548 for modulo rotation); cf. A007425 and A140773 for the 3D case. - Manfred Boergens, Jun 08 2021
The constant quoted above from Nicolas and Robin, 6983776800 = 2^5 * 3^3 * 5^2 * 7 * 11 * 13 * 17 * 19, appears arbitrary, but interestingly equals 2 * A095849(36). That second factor is highly composite and deeply composite. - Hal M. Switkay, Aug 08 2025

			G.f. = x + 2*x^2 + 2*x^3 + 3*x^4 + 2*x^5 + 4*x^6 + 2*x^7 + 4*x^8 + 3*x^9 + ...

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 840.
T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 38.
G. Chrystal, Algebra: An elementary text-book for the higher classes of secondary schools and for colleges, 6th ed, Chelsea Publishing Co., New York 1959 Part II, p. 345, Exercise XXI(16). MR0121327 (22 #12066)
G. H. Hardy, Ramanujan: twelve lectures on subjects suggested by his life and work, Cambridge, University Press, 1940, p. 55.
G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, revised by D. R. Heath-Brown and J. H. Silverman, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 6th ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 2008.
K. Knopp, Theory and Application of Infinite Series, Blackie, London, 1951, p. 451.
D. S. Mitrinovic et al., Handbook of Number Theory, Kluwer, Chap. II. (For inequalities, etc.)
S. Ramanujan, Collected Papers, Ed. G. H. Hardy et al., Cambridge 1927; Chelsea, NY, 1962. Has many references to this sequence. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 02 2014
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
B. Spearman and K. S. Williams, Handbook of Estimates in the Theory of Numbers, Carleton Math. Lecture Note Series No. 14, 1975; see p. 2.1.
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 285.
E. C. Titchmarsh, The Theory of Functions, Oxford, 1938, p. 160.
Terence Tao, Poincaré's Legacies, Part I, Amer. Math. Soc., 2009, see pp. 31ff for upper bounds on d(n).

Daniel Forgues, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100000 (first 10000 terms from N. J. A. Sloane)
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy, requires Flash plugin].
G. E. Andrews, Some debts I owe, Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire, Paper B42a, Issue 42, 2000; see (7.1).
J. Bell, Lambert series in analytic number theory
R. Bellman and H. N. Shapiro, On a problem in additive number theory, Annals Math., 49 (1948), 333-340. [From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Mar 12 2009]
Henry Bottomley, Illustration of initial terms
D. M. Bressoud and M. V. Subbarao, On Uchimura's connection between partitions and the number of divisors, Can. Math. Bull. 27, 143-145 (1984). Zbl 0536.10013.
C. K. Caldwell, The Prime Glossary, Number of divisors
Imanuel Chen and Michael Z. Spivey, Integral Generalized Binomial Coefficients of Multiplicative Functions, Preprint 2015; Summer Research Paper 238, Univ. Puget Sound.
Jimmy Devillet and Gergely Kiss, Characterizations of biselective operations, arXiv:1806.02073 [math.RA], 2018.
P. Erdős and L. Mirsky, The distribution of values of the divisor function d(n), Proc. London Math. Soc. 2 (1952), pp. 257-271.
Paul Erdős, Carl Pomerance and András Sárközy, On locally repeated values of certain arithmetic functions, III, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 101 (1987), 1-7.
C. R. Fletcher, Rings of small order, Math. Gaz. vol. 64, p. 13, 1980.
Robbert Fokkink and Jan van Neerven, Problemen/UWC (in Dutch)
Daniele A. Gewurz and Francesca Merola, Sequences realized as Parker vectors ..., J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 6, 2003.
D. R. Heath-Brown, The divisor function at consecutive integers, Mathematika 31 (1984), 141-149.
Adolf Hildebrand, The divisor function at consecutive integers, Pacific J. Math. 129 (1987), 307-319.
J. J. Holt and J. W. Jones, Counting Divisors, Discovering Number Theory, Section 1.4.
P. A. MacMahon, Divisors of numbers and their continuations in the theory of partitions, Proc. London Math. Soc., 19 (1919), 75-113.
M. Maia and M. Mendez, On the arithmetic product of combinatorial species, arXiv:math/0503436 [math.CO], 2005.
R. G. Martinez, Jr., The Factor Zone, Number of Factors for 1 through 600.
Math Forum, Divisor Counting.
Mathematics Stack Exchange, A question on discrete Fourier Transform of some function
K. Matthews, Factorizing n and calculating phi(n), omega(n), d(n), sigma(n) and mu(n).
Mircea Merca, A new look on the generating function for the number of divisors, Journal of Number Theory, Volume 149, April 2015, Pages 57-69.
Mircea Merca, Combinatorial interpretations of a recent convolution for the number of divisors of a positive integer, Journal of Number Theory, Volume 160, March 2016, Pages 60-75, corollary 2.1.
J. L. Nicolas and G. Robin, Majorations Explicites Pour le Nombre de Diviseurs de N, Canadian Mathematical Bulletin, Volume 26, Issue 4, 01 December 1983, pp. 485-492.
Matthew Parker, The first 25 million terms (7-Zip compressed file).
Ed Pegg, Jr., Sequence Pictures, Math Games column, Dec 08 2003.
Ed Pegg, Jr., Sequence Pictures, Math Games column, Dec 08 2003. [Cached copy, with permission (pdf only)]
Omar E. Pol, Illustration of initial terms: figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4, figure 5, (2009), figure 6 (a, b, c), (2013)
S. Ramanujan, On The Number Of Divisors Of A Number.
H. B. Reiter, Counting Divisors.
W. Sierpiński, Number Of Divisors And Their Sum.
Terence Tao, Poincaré's Legacies: pages from year two of a mathematical blog, see page 59.
E. C. Titchmarsh, On a series of Lambert type, J. London Math. Soc., 13 (1938), 248-253.
Keisuke Uchimura, An identity for the divisor generating function arising from sorting theory, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 31 (1981), no. 2, 131--135. MR0629588 (82k:05015)
Wang Zheng Bing, Robert Fokkink and Wan Fokkink, A Relation Between Partitions and the Number of Divisors, Am. Math. Monthly, 102 (Apr., 1995), no. 4, 345-347.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Binomial Number, Dirichlet Series Generating Function, Divisor Function, and Moebius Transform.
Wikipedia, Table of divisors.
Wolfram Research, Divisors of first 50 numbers
Index entries for "core" sequences
Index entries for sequences computed from exponents in factorization of n

See A002183, A002182 for records. See A000203 for the sum-of-divisors function sigma(n).
For partial sums see A006218.
Cf. A007427 (Dirichlet Inverse), A001227, A001826, A001842, A005237, A005238, A006558, A006601, A019273, A027750, A034296, A039665, A049051, A049820, A051731, A061017, A066446, A091202, A091220, A106737, A115361, A127093, A129372, A129510, A143319, A156552, A159933, A159934, A163280, A183063, A237665, A263730.
Factorizations into given number of factors: writing n = x*y (A038548, unordered, A000005, ordered), n = x*y*z (A034836, unordered, A007425, ordered), n = w*x*y*z (A007426, ordered).
Cf. A000010, A095849.
Cf. A098198 (Dgf at s=2), A183030 (Dgf at s=3), A183031 (Dgf at s=3).

List([1..150],n->Tau(n)); # Muniru A Asiru, Mar 05 2019

divisors 1 = [1]
divisors n = (1:filter ((==0) . rem n)
               [2..n `div` 2]) ++ [n]
a = length . divisors
-- James Spahlinger, Oct 07 2012

a000005 = product . map (+ 1) . a124010_row  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2013

function tau(n)
    i = 2; num = 1
    while i * i <= n
        if rem(n, i) == 0
            e = 0
            while rem(n, i) == 0
                e += 1
                n = div(n, i)
            end
            num *= e + 1
        end
        i += 1
    end
    return n > 1 ? num + num : num
end
println([tau(n) for n in 1:104])  # Peter Luschny, Sep 03 2023

[ NumberOfDivisors(n) : n in [1..100] ]; // Sergei Haller (sergei(AT)sergei-haller.de), Dec 21 2006

with(numtheory): A000005 := tau; [ seq(tau(n), n=1..100) ];

Table[DivisorSigma[0, n], {n, 100}] (* Enrique Pérez Herrero, Aug 27 2009 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(Log[1 - q] + QPolyGamma[1, q])/(q Log[q]), {q, 0, 100}], q] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 23 2013 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (QPolyGamma[ 1, q] + Log[1 - q]) / Log[q], {q, 0, Abs@n}]; (* Michael Somos, Apr 25 2013 *)
a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ q/(1 - q)^2 QHypergeometricPFQ[ {q, q}, {q^2, q^2}, q, q^2], {q, 0, Abs@n}]; (* Michael Somos, Mar 05 2014 *)
a[n_] := SeriesCoefficient[q/(1 - q) QHypergeometricPFQ[{q, q}, {q^2}, q, q], {q, 0, Abs@n}] (* Mats Granvik, Apr 15 2015 *)
With[{M=500},CoefficientList[Series[(2x)/(1-x)-Sum[x^k (1-2x^k)/(1-x^k),{k,M}],{x,0,M}],x]] (* Mamuka Jibladze, Aug 31 2018 *)

numlib::tau (n)$ n=1..90 // Zerinvary Lajos, May 13 2008

{a(n) = if( n==0, 0, numdiv(n))}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 27 2003 */

{a(n) = n=abs(n); if( n<1, 0, direuler( p=2, n, 1 / (1 - X)^2)[n])}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 27 2003 */

{a(n)=polcoeff(sum(m=1, n+1, sumdiv(m, d, (-log(1-x^(m/d) +x*O(x^n) ))^d/d!)), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Aug 21 2014

from sympy import divisor_count
for n in range(1, 20): print(divisor_count(n), end=', ') # Stefano Spezia, Nov 05 2018

[sigma(n, 0) for n in range(1, 105)]  # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 04 2009

If n is written as 2^z*3^y*5^x*7^w*11^v*... then a(n)=(z+1)*(y+1)*(x+1)*(w+1)*(v+1)*...
a(n) = 2 iff n is prime.
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} a(n) x^n = Sum_{k>0} x^k/(1-x^k). This is usually called THE Lambert series (see Knopp, Titchmarsh).
a(n) = A083888(n) + A083889(n) + A083890(n) + A083891(n) + A083892(n) + A083893(n) + A083894(n) + A083895(n) + A083896(n).
a(n) = A083910(n) + A083911(n) + A083912(n) + A083913(n) + A083914(n) + A083915(n) + A083916(n) + A083917(n) + A083918(n) + A083919(n).
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = e+1. - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
a(n) <= 2 sqrt(n) [see Mitrinovich, p. 39, also A046522].
a(n) is odd iff n is a square. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 29 2001
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} f(k, n) where f(k, n) = 1 if k divides n, 0 otherwise (Mobius transform of A000012). Equivalently, f(k, n) = (1/k)*Sum_{l=1..k} z(k, l)^n with z(k, l) the k-th roots of unity. - Ralf Stephan, Dec 25 2002
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} ((-1)^(k+1) * x^(k * (k + 1)/2) / ((1 - x^k) * Product_{i=1..k} (1 - x^i))). - Michael Somos, Apr 27 2003
a(n) = n - Sum_{k=1..n} (ceiling(n/k) - floor(n/k)). - Benoit Cloitre, May 11 2003
a(n) = A032741(n) + 1 = A062011(n)/2 = A054519(n) - A054519(n-1) = A006218(n) - A006218(n-1) = 1 + Sum_{k=1..n-1} A051950(k+1). - Ralf Stephan, Mar 26 2004
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} x^(k^2)*(1+x^k)/(1-x^k). Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s)^2. - Michael Somos, Apr 05 2003
Sequence = M*V where M = A129372 as an infinite lower triangular matrix and V = ruler sequence A001511 as a vector: [1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 15 2007
Sequence = M*V, where M = A115361 is an infinite lower triangular matrix and V = A001227, the number of odd divisors of n, is a vector: [1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 15 2007
Row sums of triangle A051731. - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 02 2007
Sum_{n>0} a(n)/(n^n) = Sum_{n>0, m>0} 1/(n*m). - Gerald McGarvey, Dec 15 2007
Logarithmic g.f.: Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n * x^n = -log( Product_{n>=1} (1-x^n)^(1/n) ). - Joerg Arndt, May 03 2008
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (floor(n/k) - floor((n-1)/k)). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Aug 27 2009
a(s) = 2^omega(s), if s > 1 is a squarefree number (A005117) and omega(s) is: A001221. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Sep 08 2009
a(n) = A048691(n) - A055205(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 08 2009
For n > 1, a(n) = 2 + Sum_{k=2..n-1} floor((cos(Pi*n/k))^2). And floor((cos(Pi*n/k))^2) = floor(1/4 * e^(-(2*i*Pi*n)/k) + 1/4 * e^((2*i*Pi*n)/k) + 1/2). - Eric Desbiaux, Mar 09 2010, corrected Apr 16 2011
a(n) = 1 + Sum_{k=1..n} (floor(2^n/(2^k-1)) mod 2) for every n. - Fabio Civolani (civox(AT)tiscali.it), Mar 12 2010
From Vladimir Shevelev, May 22 2010: (Start)
(Sum_{d|n} a(d))^2 = Sum_{d|n} a(d)^3 (J. Liouville).
Sum_{d|n} A008836(d)*a(d)^2 = A008836(n)*Sum_{d|n} a(d). (End)
a(n) = sigma_0(n) = 1 + Sum_{m>=2} Sum_{r>=1} (1/m^(r+1))*Sum_{j=1..m-1} Sum_{k=0..m^(r+1)-1} e^(2*k*Pi*i*(n+(m-j)*m^r)/m^(r+1)). - A. Neves, Oct 04 2010
a(n) = 2*A038548(n) - A010052(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 08 2013
Sum_{n>=1} a(n)*q^n = (log(1-q) + psi_q(1)) / log(q), where psi_q(z) is the q-digamma function. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 23 2013
a(n) = Product_{k = 1..A001221(n)} (A124010(n,k) + 1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2013
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} A238133(k)*A000041(n-k). - Mircea Merca, Feb 18 2013
G.f.: Sum_{k>=1} Sum_{j>=1} x^(j*k). - Mats Granvik, Jun 15 2013
The formula above is obtained by expanding the Lambert series Sum_{k>=1} x^k/(1-x^k). - Joerg Arndt, Mar 12 2014
G.f.: Sum_{n>=1} Sum_{d|n} ( -log(1 - x^(n/d)) )^d / d!. - Paul D. Hanna, Aug 21 2014
2*Pi*a(n) = Sum_{m=1..n} Integral_{x=0..2*Pi} r^(m-n)( cos((m-n)*x)-r^m cos(n*x) )/( 1+r^(2*m)-2r^m cos(m*x) )dx, 0 < r < 1 a free parameter. This formula is obtained as the sum of the residues of the Lambert series Sum_{k>=1} x^k/(1-x^k). - Seiichi Kirikami, Oct 22 2015
a(n) = A091220(A091202(n)) = A106737(A156552(n)). - Antti Karttunen, circa 2004 & Mar 06 2017
a(n) = A034296(n) - A237665(n+1) [Wang, Fokkink, Fokkink]. - George Beck, May 06 2017
G.f.: 2*x/(1-x) - Sum_{k>0} x^k*(1-2*x^k)/(1-x^k). - Mamuka Jibladze, Aug 29 2018
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} 1/phi(n / gcd(n, k)). - Daniel Suteu, Nov 05 2018
a(k*n) = a(n)*(f(k,n)+2)/(f(k,n)+1), where f(k,n) is the exponent of the highest power of k dividing n and k is prime. - Gary Detlefs, Feb 08 2019
a(n) = 2*log(p(n))/log(n), n > 1, where p(n)= the product of the factors of n = A007955(n). - Gary Detlefs, Feb 15 2019
a(n) = (1/n) * Sum_{k=1..n} sigma(gcd(n,k)), where sigma(n) = sum of divisors of n. - Orges Leka, May 09 2019
a(n) = A001227(n)*(A007814(n) + 1) = A001227(n)*A001511(n). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Nov 14 2019
From Richard L. Ollerton, May 11 2021: (Start)
a(n) = A038040(n) / n = (1/n)*Sum_{d|n} phi(d)*sigma(n/d), where phi = A000010 and sigma = A000203.
a(n) = (1/n)*Sum_{k=1..n} phi(gcd(n,k))*sigma(n/gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)). (End)
From Ridouane Oudra, Nov 12 2021: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{j=1..n} Sum_{k=1..j} (1/j)*cos(2*k*n*Pi/j);
a(n) = Sum_{j=1..n} Sum_{k=1..j} (1/j)*e^(2*k*n*Pi*i/j), where i^2=-1. (End)

Incorrect formula deleted by Ridouane Oudra, Oct 28 2021

A048691 a(n) = d(n^2), where d(k) = A000005(k) is the number of divisors of k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 3, 5, 3, 9, 3, 7, 5, 9, 3, 15, 3, 9, 9, 9, 3, 15, 3, 15, 9, 9, 3, 21, 5, 9, 7, 15, 3, 27, 3, 11, 9, 9, 9, 25, 3, 9, 9, 21, 3, 27, 3, 15, 15, 9, 3, 27, 5, 15, 9, 15, 3, 21, 9, 21, 9, 9, 3, 45, 3, 9, 15, 13, 9, 27, 3, 15, 9, 27, 3, 35, 3, 9, 15, 15, 9, 27, 3, 27

Offset: 1

David Johnson-Davies

Inverse Moebius transform of A034444: Sum_{d|n} 2^omega(d), where omega(n) = A001221(n) is the number of distinct primes dividing n.
Number of elements in the set {(x,y): x|n, y|n, gcd(x,y)=1}.
Number of elements in the set {(x,y): lcm(x,y)=n}.
Also gives total number of positive integral solutions (x,y), order being taken into account, to the optical or parallel resistor equation 1/x + 1/y = 1/n. Indeed, writing the latter as X*Y=N, with X=x-n, Y=y-n, N=n^2, the one-to-one correspondence between solutions (X, Y) and (x, y) is obvious, so that clearly, the solution pairs (x, y) are tau(N)=tau(n^2) in number. - Lekraj Beedassy, May 31 2002
Number of ordered pairs of positive integers (a,c) such that n^2 - ac = 0. Therefore number of quadratic equations of the form ax^2 + 2nx + c = 0 where a,n,c are positive integers and each equation has two equal (rational) roots, -n/a. (If a and c are positive integers, but, instead, the coefficient of x is odd, it is impossible for the equation to have equal roots.) - Rick L. Shepherd, Jun 19 2005
Problem A1 on the 21st Putnam competition in 1960 (see John Scholes link) asked for the number of pairs of positive integers (x,y) such that xy/(x+y) = n: the answer is a(n); for n = 4, the a(4) = 5 solutions (x,y) are (5,20), (6,12), (8,8), (12,6), (20,5). - Bernard Schott, Feb 12 2023
Numbers k such that a(k)/d(k) is an integer are in A217584 and the corresponding quotients are in A339055. - Bernard Schott, Feb 15 2023

A. M. Gleason et al., The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competitions, Problems & Solutions:1938-1960 Soln. to Prob. 1 1960, p. 516, MAA, 1980.
Ross Honsberger, More Mathematical Morsels, Morsel 43, pp. 232-3, DMA No. 10 MAA, 1991.
Loren C. Larson, Problem-Solving Through Problems, Prob. 3.3.7, p. 102, Springer 1983.
Alfred S. Posamentier and Charles T. Salkind, Challenging Problems in Algebra, Prob. 9-9 pp. 143 Dover NY, 1988.
D. O. Shklarsky et al., The USSR Olympiad Problem Book, Soln. to Prob. 123, pp. 28, 217-8, Dover NY.
Wacław Sierpiński, Elementary Theory of Numbers, pp. 71-2, Elsevier, North Holland, 1988.
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 91.
Charles W. Trigg, Mathematical Quickies, Question 194, pp. 53, 168, Dover, 1985.

Enrique Pérez Herrero, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Ovidiu Bagdasar, On Some Functions Involving the lcm and gcd of Integer Tuples.
Umberto Cerruti, Percorsi tra i numeri (in Italian), pages 3-4.
Daniele A. Gewurz and Francesca Merola, Sequences realized as Parker vectors of oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integer Seq., Vol. 6 (2003), Article 03.1.6.
John Scholes, Problem A1 of 21st Putnam Competition 1960, 2002. [Wayback Machine link]
Wacław Sierpiński, Elementary Theory of Numbers, Warszawa 1964.
Index to sequences related to Olympiads and other Mathematical competitions.

Cf. A000005, A034444, Mobius transf. of A035116, A048785, A061391, A018805, A002088, A015614, A018892, A063647, A182139.
Partial sums give A061503.
For similar LCM sequences, see A070919, A070920, A070921.
Cf. A005408, A124010.
For the earliest occurrence of 2n-1 see A016017.
Cf. A001620, A082633, A217584, A339055.

a048691 = product . map (a005408 . fromIntegral) . a124010_row
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2012

A048691[n_]:=DivisorSigma[0,n^2] (* Enrique Pérez Herrero, May 30 2010 *)
DivisorSigma[0,Range[80]^2] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 08 2015 *)

numlib::tau (n^2)$ n=1..90 // Zerinvary Lajos, May 13 2008

A048691(n)=prod(i=1,#n=factor(n)[,2],n[i]*2+1) /* or, of course, a(n)=numdiv(n^2) */ \\ M. F. Hasler, Dec 30 2007

for(n=1, 100, print1(direuler(p=2, n, (1 - X^2)/(1 - X)^3)[n], ", ")) \\ Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 21 2021

[sigma(n**2, 0) for n in range(1, 81)] # Stefano Spezia, Jul 14 2025

a(n) = A000005(A000290(n)).
tau(n^2) = Sum_{d|n} mu(n/d)*tau(d)^2, where mu(n) = A008683(n), cf. A061391.
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = 2e+1. - Vladeta Jovovic, Jul 23 2001
Also a(n) = Sum_{d|n} (tau(d)*moebius(n/d)^2), Dirichlet convolution of A000005 and A008966. - Benoit Cloitre, Sep 08 2002
a(n) = A055205(n) + A000005(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 08 2009
Dirichlet g.f.: (zeta(s))^3/zeta(2s). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 11 2011
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} 2^omega(d). Inverse Mobius transform of A034444. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Apr 14 2012
G.f.: Sum_{k>=1} 2^omega(k)*x^k/(1 - x^k). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Mar 10 2018
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ n*(6/Pi^2)*(log(n)^2/2 + log(n)*(3*gamma - 1) + 1 - 3*gamma + 3*gamma^2 - 3*gamma_1 + (2 - 6*gamma - 2*log(n))*zeta'(2)/zeta(2) + (2*zeta'(2)/zeta(2))^2 - 2*zeta''(2)/zeta(2)), where gamma is Euler's constant (A001620) and gamma_1 is the first Stieltjes constant (A082633). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 26 2023

Additional comments from Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 29 2001

A056595 Number of nonsquare divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1, 6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 7, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 1, 3, 3, 6, 1, 7, 1, 4, 4, 3, 1, 7, 1, 4, 3, 4, 1, 6, 3, 6, 3, 3, 1, 10, 1, 3, 4, 3, 3, 7, 1, 4, 3, 7, 1, 8, 1, 3, 4, 4, 3, 7, 1, 7, 2, 3, 1, 10, 3, 3, 3, 6, 1, 10, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 9, 1, 4, 4, 5, 1, 7, 1

Offset: 1

Labos Elemer, Jul 21 2000

nonn

a(A000430(n))=1; a(A030078(n))=2; a(A030514(n))=2; a(A006881(n))=3; a(A050997(n))=3; a(A030516(n))=3; a(A054753(n))=4; a(A000290(n))=A055205(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2011

			a(36)=5 because the set of divisors of 36 has tau(36)=nine elements, {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36}, five of which, that is {2, 3, 6, 12, 18}, are not perfect squares.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A000005, A000188, A046951.
See A194095 and A194096 for record values and where they occur.
Cf. A001620, A013661.

a056595 n = length [d | d <- [1..n], mod n d == 0, a010052 d == 0]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2011

A056595 := proc(n)
    local a,d ;
    a := 0 ;
    for d in numtheory[divisors](n) do
        if not issqr(d) then
            a := a+1 ;
        end if;
    end do:
    a;
end proc:
seq(A056595(n),n=1..40) ; # R. J. Mathar, Aug 18 2024

Table[Count[Divisors[n],?(#!=Floor[Sqrt[#]]^2&)],{n,110}] (* _Harvey P. Dale, Jul 10 2013 *)
a[1] = 0; a[n_] := Times @@ (1 + (e = Last /@ FactorInteger[n])) - Times @@ (1 + Floor[e/2]); Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Jul 22 2019 *)

a(n)=sumdiv(n,d,!issquare(d)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 28 2016

a(n) = A000005(n) - A046951(n) = tau(n) - tau(A000188(n)).

Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ n*log(n) + (2*gamma - zeta(2) - 1)*n, where gamma is Euler's constant (A001620). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 01 2023

A059907 a(n) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = 2}|.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 2, 5, 2, 6, 4, 6, 3, 12, 2, 10, 6, 8, 4, 13, 2, 18, 6, 10, 4, 16, 4, 12, 9, 12, 4, 26, 2, 20, 6, 8, 12, 20, 4, 15, 6, 16, 4, 32, 2, 24, 10, 10, 6, 20, 4, 26, 9, 18, 4, 26, 6, 32, 12, 12, 4, 28, 2, 20, 10, 12, 18, 25, 4, 24, 6, 26, 4, 52, 2, 18, 10, 12, 18, 26, 4, 40, 8, 14, 5, 28

Offset: 1

Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 08 2001

The multiplicative order of a mod m, GCD(a,m) = 1, is the smallest natural number d for which a^d = 1 (mod m).

			a(2) = |{3}| = 1, a(3) = |{4,8}| = 2, a(4) = |{5,15}| = 2, a(5) = |{3,6,8,12,24}| = 5, a(6) = |{7,35}| = 2, a(7) = |{4,8,12,16,24,48}| = 6,...

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A002329, A059908-A059911, A059499, A059885-A059892, A002326, A053446-A053452, A055205, A048691, A048785, A347191.

Row n=2 of A212957. - Alois P. Heinz, Oct 24 2012

with(numtheory):f := n->tau(n^2-1)-tau(n-1):for n from 1 to 100 do printf(`%d,`,f(n)) od:

a[n_] := Subtract @@ DivisorSigma[0, {n^2-1, n-1}]; a[1] = 0; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Jan 25 2025 *)

a(n) = if(n == 1, 0, numdiv(n^2-1) - numdiv(n-1)); \\ Amiram Eldar, Jan 25 2025

a(n) = tau(n^2-1)-tau(n-1), where tau(n) = number of divisors of n A000005. Generally, if b(n, r) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = r}| then b(n, r) = Sum_{d|r} mu(d)*tau(n^(r/d)-1), where mu(n) = Moebius function A008683.

A059911 a(n) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = 6}|.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 3, 10, 16, 37, 10, 42, 24, 58, 53, 164, 26, 68, 38, 32, 68, 169, 22, 222, 38, 42, 50, 328, 40, 180, 219, 108, 26, 334, 82, 460, 82, 92, 72, 220, 108, 449, 86, 128, 80, 192, 22, 336, 110, 222, 218, 540, 84, 778, 129, 150, 80, 270, 54, 328, 356, 132, 68, 348, 22

Offset: 1

Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 08 2001

The multiplicative order of a mod m, gcd(a,m) = 1, is the smallest natural number d for which a^d = 1 (mod m).

			a(2) = |{9,21,63}| = 3, a(3) = |{7,14,28,52,56,91,104,182,364,728}| = 10, a(4) = |{13,35,39,45,65,91,105,117,195,273,315,455,585,819,1365,4095}| = 16,...

Cf. A059907-A059910, A059499, A059885-A059892, A002326, A053446-A053452, A002329, A055205, A048691, A048785.

a[n_] := Total[{1, -1, -1, 1} * DivisorSigma[0, n^{6, 3, 2, 1} - 1]]; a[1] = 0; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Jan 25 2025*)

a(n) = if(n == 1, 0, numdiv(n^6-1) - numdiv(n^3-1) - numdiv(n^2-1) + numdiv(n-1)); \\ Amiram Eldar, Jan 25 2025

a(n) = tau(n^6-1)-tau(n^3-1)-tau(n^2-1)+tau(n-1), where tau(n) = number of divisors of n A000005. Generally, if b(n, r) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = r}| then b(n, r) = Sum_{d|r} mu(d)*tau(n^(r/d)-1), where mu(n) = Moebius function A008683.

A059908 a(n) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = 3}|.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 8, 2, 12, 5, 12, 2, 12, 2, 4, 20, 5, 6, 10, 2, 6, 14, 12, 2, 40, 9, 4, 6, 18, 10, 16, 6, 6, 8, 12, 12, 39, 2, 12, 8, 8, 6, 16, 6, 18, 26, 12, 6, 50, 3, 18, 8, 18, 2, 32, 12, 8, 20, 4, 6, 60, 2, 12, 26, 21, 4, 64, 10, 6, 8, 8, 6, 20, 14, 4, 12, 6, 4, 64, 2, 70, 7, 12, 6, 24

Offset: 1

Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 08 2001

The multiplicative order of a mod m, gcd(a,m) = 1, is the smallest natural number d for which a^d = 1 (mod m).

			a(2) = |{7}| = 1, a(3) = |{13,26}| = 2, a(4) = |{7,9,21,63}| = 4, a(5) = |{31,62,124}| = 3, a(6) = |{43,215}| = 2, a(7) = |{9,18,19,38,57,114,171,342}| = 8,...

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A059907, A059909-A059911, A059499, A059885-A059892, A002326, A053446-A053452, A002329, A055205, A048691, A048785.

Row n=3 of A212957. - Alois P. Heinz, Oct 24 2012

Table[DivisorSigma[0,n^3-1]-DivisorSigma[0,n-1],{n,90}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 03 2015 *)

a(n) = if(n == 1, 0, numdiv(n^3-1) - numdiv(n-1)); \\ Amiram Eldar, Jan 25 2025

a(n) = tau(n^3-1)-tau(n-1), where tau(n) = number of divisors of n A000005. Generally, if b(n, r) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = r}| then b(n, r) = Sum_{d|r} mu(d)*tau(n^(r/d)-1), where mu(n) = Moebius function A008683.

A059909 a(n) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = 4}|.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 6, 4, 12, 4, 26, 18, 14, 6, 24, 12, 64, 8, 16, 8, 66, 20, 36, 8, 64, 24, 76, 6, 28, 12, 64, 24, 48, 12, 100, 40, 50, 48, 36, 8, 96, 40, 28, 8, 104, 12, 208, 36, 24, 36, 200, 18, 48, 36, 36, 24, 128, 8, 152, 16, 172, 24, 48, 12, 48, 36, 56, 72, 40, 8, 128, 56, 48, 40

Offset: 1

Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 08 2001

The multiplicative order of a mod m, gcd(a,m) = 1, is the smallest natural number d for which a^d = 1 (mod m).

			a(2) = |{5, 15}| = 2, a(3) = |{5, 10, 16, 20, 40, 80}| = 6, a(4) = |{17, 51, 85, 255}| = 4, a(5) = |{13, 16, 26, 39, 48, 52, 78, 104, 156, 208, 312, 624}| = 12, ...

Cf. A059907, A059908, A059910-A059911, A059499, A059885-A059892, A002326, A053446-A053452, A002329, A055205, A048691, A048785.

Table[DivisorSigma[0,n^4-1]-DivisorSigma[0,n^2-1],{n,70}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 30 2011 *)

a(n) = if(n == 1, 0, numdiv(n^4-1) - numdiv(n^2-1)); \\ Amiram Eldar, Jan 25 2025

a(n) = tau(n^4-1)-tau(n^2-1), where tau(n) = number of divisors of n A000005. More generally, if b(n, r) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = r}| then b(n, r) = Sum_{d|r} mu(d)*tau(n^(r/d)-1), where mu(n) = Moebius function A008683.

A059910 a(n) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = 5}|.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 4, 6, 9, 4, 4, 6, 20, 9, 8, 2, 6, 6, 12, 44, 5, 6, 18, 14, 12, 4, 4, 2, 56, 13, 20, 4, 6, 2, 40, 6, 18, 12, 12, 44, 63, 6, 28, 4, 16, 14, 8, 2, 18, 12, 28, 14, 70, 3, 42, 12, 42, 6, 24, 8, 56, 44, 60, 6, 60, 2, 4, 90, 21, 20, 24, 2, 18, 60, 88, 6, 12, 2, 28, 26, 6, 28, 8, 14, 170

Offset: 1

Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 08 2001

The multiplicative order of a mod m, gcd(a,m) = 1, is the smallest natural number d for which a^d = 1 (mod m).

Cf. A059907-A059909, A059911, A059499, A059885-A059892, A002326, A053446-A053452, A002329, A055205, A048691, A048785.

a[n_] := Subtract @@ DivisorSigma[0, {n^5-1, n-1}]; a[1] = 0; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Jan 25 2025 *)

a(n) = if(n == 1, 0, numdiv(n^5-1) - numdiv(n-1)); \\ Amiram Eldar, Jan 25 2025

a(n) = tau(n^5-1)-tau(n-1), where tau(n) = number of divisors of n A000005. Generally, if b(n, r) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = r}| then b(n, r) = Sum_{d|r} mu(d)*tau(n^(r/d)-1), where mu(n) = Moebius function A008683.

A171425 Divisors of 60^2 that are not divisors of 60.

Original entry on oeis.org

8, 9, 16, 18, 24, 25, 36, 40, 45, 48, 50, 72, 75, 80, 90, 100, 120, 144, 150, 180, 200, 225, 240, 300, 360, 400, 450, 600, 720, 900, 1200, 1800, 3600

Offset: 1

Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 08 2009

Set difference A035303 minus A018266;

sequence is finite with last term a(33)=3600=60^2; A055205(60)=33.

setminus(divisors(3600),divisors(60)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 21 2017

A294072 Number of noncube divisors of n^3.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 2, 4, 2, 12, 2, 6, 4, 12, 2, 22, 2, 12, 12, 8, 2, 22, 2, 22, 12, 12, 2, 32, 4, 12, 6, 22, 2, 56, 2, 10, 12, 12, 12, 40, 2, 12, 12, 32, 2, 56, 2, 22, 22, 12, 2, 42, 4, 22, 12, 22, 2, 32, 12, 32, 12, 12, 2, 100, 2, 12, 22, 12, 12, 56, 2, 22, 12, 56, 2, 58, 2, 12, 22, 22, 12, 56, 2, 42, 8, 12, 2, 100, 12

Offset: 1

Ilya Gutkovskiy, Feb 07 2018

nonn

All terms are even. a(n)=2 if and only if n is prime. - Robert Israel, Jan 16 2020

			a(4) = 4 because 4^3 = 64 has 7 divisors {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64} among which 4 divisors {2, 4, 16, 32} are noncubes.

Cf. A000005, A000578, A001221, A007412, A048785, A055205, A061704, A291208.

f:= proc(n) local F;
  F:= map(t -> t[2],ifactors(n)[2]);
  mul(1+3*t,t=F) - mul(1+t,t=F)
end proc:
map(f, [$1..100]; # Robert Israel, Jan 16 2020

nmax = 85; Rest[CoefficientList[Series[Sum[(3^PrimeNu[k] - 1) x^k/(1 - x^k), {k, 1, nmax}], {x, 0, nmax}], x]]
a[n_] := Length[Select[Divisors[n], ! IntegerQ[#^(1/3)] &]]; Table[a[n^3], {n, 1, 85}]
Table[DivisorSigma[0, n^3] - DivisorSigma[0, n], {n, 1, 85}]

G.f.: Sum_{k>=1} (3^omega(k) - 1)*x^k/(1 - x^k), where omega(k) is the number of distinct primes dividing k (A001221).
a(n) = [x^(n^3)] Sum_{k>=1} x^A007412(k)/(1 - x^A007412(k)).
a(n) = A291208(A000578(n)).
a(n) = A048785(n) - A000005(n).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A000005 d(n) (also called tau(n) or sigma_0(n)), the number of divisors of n.

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A048691 a(n) = d(n^2), where d(k) = A000005(k) is the number of divisors of k.

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A056595 Number of nonsquare divisors of n.

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A059907 a(n) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = 2}|.

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A059911 a(n) = |{m : multiplicative order of n mod m = 6}|.

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