A056911 -id:A056911 - cp's OEIS frontend

A078779 Union of S, 2S and 4S, where S = odd squarefree numbers (A056911).

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 101

Offset: 1

Benoit Cloitre, Jan 11 2003

nonn

Numbers n such that the cyclic group Z_n is a DCI-group.
Numbers n such that A008475(n) = A001414(n).
A193551(a(n)) = A000026(a(n)) = a(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 27 2011
Union of squarefree numbers and twice the squarefree numbers (A005117). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 11 2012
The complement is A046790. - Omar E. Pol, Jun 11 2016

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..7098
B. Alspach and M. Mishna, Enumeration of Cayley graphs and digraphs, Discr. Math., 256 (2002), 527-539.
M. Mishna, Home Page
M. Muzychuk, On Adam's conjecture for circulant graphs, Discr. Math. 167 (1997), 497-510.

Cf. A121176, A121684, A008475, A001414, A046790.

a078779 n = a078779_list !! (n-1)
a078779_list = m a005117_list $ map (* 2) a005117_list where
   m xs'@(x:xs) ys'@(y:ys) | x < y     = x : m xs ys'
                           | x == y    = x : m xs ys
                           | otherwise = y : m xs' ys
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 11 2012, Aug 27 2011

is(n)=issquarefree(n/gcd(n,2)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 05 2017

a(n) = (Pi^2/7)*n + O(sqrt(n)). - Vladimir Shevelev, Jun 08 2016

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 13 2006

A121684 Union of {8, 9, 18}, S, 2S and 4S, where S = odd squarefree numbers (A056911).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 13 2006

nonn

Numbers n such that the cyclic group Z_n is a CI-group.

The asymptotic density of this sequence is 7/Pi^2. - Amiram Eldar, May 10 2022

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
B. Alspach and M. Mishna, Enumeration of Cayley graphs and digraphs, Discr. Math., 256 (2002), 527-539.
M. Mishna, Home Page
M. Muzychuk, On Adam's conjecture for circulant graphs, Discr. Math. 167 (1997), 497-510.

Cf. A056911, A078779, A121176.

With[{upto=100},Select[Sort[Join[{8,9,18},Flatten[{#,2#,4#}&/@ Select[ Range[1,upto,2],SquareFreeQ]]]],#<=upto&]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 03 2015 *)

A120675 Number of prime factors of odd squarefree numbers A056911.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3

Offset: 1

Lekraj Beedassy, Jun 24 2006

nonn

For n>1, a(n)=1 corresponds to numbers n that are odd primes.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5000

issquarefree := proc(n::integer) local nf, ifa ; nf := op(2,ifactors(n)) ; for ifa from 1 to nops(nf) do if op(2,op(ifa,nf)) >= 2 then RETURN(false) ; fi ; od : RETURN(true) ; end: A001221 := proc(n::integer) RETURN(nops(numtheory[factorset](n))) ; end: A056911 := proc(maxn) local n,a ; a := [1] ; for n from 3 to maxn by 2 do if issquarefree(n) then a := [op(a),n] ; fi ; od : RETURN(a) ; end: A120675 := proc(maxn) local a,n; a := A056911(maxn) ; for n from 1 to nops(a) do a := subsop(n=A001221(a[n]),a) ; od ; RETURN(a) ; end: nmax := 600 : a := A120675(nmax) : for n from 1 to nops(a) do printf("%d,",a[n]) ; od ; amer% # R. J. Mathar, Aug 17 2006

PrimeNu[Select[Range[1, 1000, 2], SquareFreeQ]] (* G. C. Greubel, May 11 2017 *)

a(n) = A001221(A056911(n)) = A001222(A056911(n)).

Corrected and extended by R. J. Mathar, Aug 17 2006

A094872 phi(n)/tau(n), for odd squarefree n > 1 (A056911), phi = A000010, tau = A000005.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 2, 8, 9, 3, 11, 14, 15, 5, 6, 18, 6, 20, 21, 23, 8, 26, 10, 9, 29, 30, 12, 33, 11, 35, 36, 15, 39, 41, 16, 14, 44, 18, 15, 18, 48, 50, 51, 6, 53, 54, 18, 56, 22, 24, 20, 63, 21, 65, 27, 68, 69, 23, 30, 28, 74, 75, 30, 78, 26, 33, 81, 10, 83, 86, 29, 89, 90, 30, 36, 40

Offset: 1

Lekraj Beedassy, Jun 16 2004

nonn

Ivan Neretin, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A056911.

EulerPhi[#]/DivisorSigma[0, #] & /@ Select[Range[3, 190, 2], SquareFreeQ] (* Ivan Neretin, Oct 04 2017 *)

for(n=1,95,if(issquarefree(k=2*n+1),print1(eulerphi(k)/numdiv(k),","))) \\ Klaus Brockhaus, Jun 16 2004

a(n) = A000010(A056911(n+1)) / A000005(A056911(n+1)). - Altug Alkan, Oct 04 2017

Corrected and extended by Klaus Brockhaus, Jun 16 2004

a(16)=6 corrected by Ivan Neretin, Oct 04 2017

A338120 a(n) is the least index k such that the n-th odd squarefree number A056911(n) divides A110566(k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 20, 42, 33, 156, 20, 272, 342, 2058, 506, 377, 930, 77, 14406, 629, 162, 1640, 559, 2162, 4624, 1166, 110, 6498, 3422, 610, 342732, 4422, 506, 4970, 5256, 42, 6162, 6806

Offset: 1

Amiram Eldar, Jan 29 2021

According to a theorem proven by Shiu (2016), a(n) exists for all n.

			   n  A056911(n)  a(n) = k          A110566(k)
  --  ----------  --------  --------------------------
   1       1            1            1 =  1 * 1
   2       3            6            3 =  3 * 1
   3       5           20           15 =  5 * 3
   4       7           42           77 =  7 * 11
   5      11           33           11 = 11 * 1
   6      13          156           13 = 13 * 1
   7      15           20           15 = 15 * 1
   8      17          272           17 = 17 * 1
   9      19          342          931 = 19 * 49
  10      21         2058         1911 = 21 * 91
  11      23          506         1725 = 23 * 75
  12      29          377          319 = 29 * 11
  13      31          930         3751 = 31 * 121
  14      33           77           33 = 33 * 1
  15      35        14406   2430488445 = 35 * 69442527
  16      37          629        20313 = 37 * 549
  17      39          162           39 = 39 * 1
  18      41         1640         6519 = 41 * 159
  19      43          559          645 = 43 * 15
  20      47         2162        12831 = 47 * 273
  21      51         4624         9537 = 51 * 187
  22      53         1166           53 = 53 * 1
  23      55          110           55 = 55 * 1
  24      57         6498    419498967 = 57 * 7359631
  25      59         3422         6431 = 59 * 109
  26      61          610        41175 = 61 * 675
  27      65       342732       974285 = 65 * 14989
  28      67         4422         2211 = 67 * 33
  29      69          506         1725 = 69 * 25
  30      71         4970         2343 = 71 * 33
  31      73         5256         7227 = 73 * 99
  32      77           42           77 = 77 * 1
  33      79         6162     91801713 = 79 * 1162047
  34      83         6806      1200097 = 83 * 14459

Peter Shiu, The denominators of harmonic numbers, arXiv:1607.02863 [math.NT], 2016.

Cf. A002805, A003418, A110566, A056911, A112822.

max = 64; osf = Select[Range[1, 64, 2], SquareFreeQ]; m = Length[osf]; c = 0; s = Table[0, {m}]; h = 0; lcm = 1; n = 1; While[c < m, h += 1/n; lcm = LCM[lcm, n];  r = lcm/Denominator[h]; Do[If[s[[k]] == 0 && Divisible[r, osf[[k]]], c++; s[[k]] = n], {k, 1, m}]; n++]; s

A005117 Squarefree numbers: numbers that are not divisible by a square greater than 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 51, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

1 together with the numbers that are products of distinct primes.
Also smallest sequence with the property that a(m)*a(k) is never a square for k != m. - Ulrich Schimke (ulrschimke(AT)aol.com), Dec 12 2001
Numbers k such that there is only one Abelian group with k elements, the cyclic group of order k (the numbers such that A000688(k) = 1). - Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Apr 25 2001
Numbers k such that A007913(k) > phi(k). - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 10 2002
a(n) is the smallest m with exactly n squarefree numbers <= m. - Amarnath Murthy, May 21 2002
k is squarefree <=> k divides prime(k)# where prime(k)# = product of first k prime numbers. - Mohammed Bouayoun (bouyao(AT)wanadoo.fr), Mar 30 2004
Numbers k such that omega(k) = Omega(k) = A072047(k). - Lekraj Beedassy, Jul 11 2006
The LCM of any finite subset is in this sequence. - Lekraj Beedassy, Jul 11 2006
This sequence and the Beatty Pi^2/6 sequence (A059535) are "incestuous": the first 20000 terms are bounded within (-9, 14). - Ed Pegg Jr, Jul 22 2008
Let us introduce a function D(n) = sigma_0(n)/2^(alpha(1) + ... + alpha(r)), sigma_0(n) number of divisors of n (A000005), prime factorization of n = p(1)^alpha(1) * ... * p(r)^alpha(r), alpha(1) + ... + alpha(r) is sequence (A001222). Function D(n) splits the set of positive integers into subsets, according to the value of D(n). Squarefree numbers (A005117) has D(n)=1, other numbers are "deviated" from the squarefree ideal and have 0 < D(n) < 1. For D(n)=1/2 we have A048109, for D(n)=3/4 we have A060687. - Ctibor O. Zizka, Sep 21 2008
Numbers k such that gcd(k,k')=1 where k' is the arithmetic derivative (A003415) of k. - Giorgio Balzarotti, Apr 23 2011
Numbers k such that A007913(k) = core(k) = k. - Franz Vrabec, Aug 27 2011
Numbers k such that sqrt(k) cannot be simplified. - Sean Loughran, Sep 04 2011
Indices m where A057918(m)=0, i.e., positive integers m for which there are no integers k in {1,2,...,m-1} such that k*m is a square. - John W. Layman, Sep 08 2011
It appears that these are numbers j such that Product_{k=1..j} (prime(k) mod j) = 0 (see Maple code). - Gary Detlefs, Dec 07 2011. - This is the same claim as Mohammed Bouayoun's Mar 30 2004 comment above. To see why it holds: Primorial numbers, A002110, a subsequence of this sequence, are never divisible by any nonsquarefree number, A013929, and on the other hand, the index of the greatest prime dividing any n is less than n. Cf. A243291. - Antti Karttunen, Jun 03 2014
Conjecture: For each n=2,3,... there are infinitely many integers b > a(n) such that Sum_{k=1..n} a(k)*b^(k-1) is prime, and the smallest such an integer b does not exceed (n+3)*(n+4). - Zhi-Wei Sun, Mar 26 2013
The probability that a random natural number belongs to the sequence is 6/Pi^2, A059956 (see Cesàro reference). - Giorgio Balzarotti, Nov 21 2013
Booker, Hiary, & Keating give a subexponential algorithm for testing membership in this sequence without factoring. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 29 2014
Because in the factorizations into prime numbers these a(n) (n >= 2) have exponents which are either 0 or 1 one could call the a(n) 'numbers with a fermionic prime number decomposition'. The levels are the prime numbers prime(j), j >= 1, and the occupation numbers (exponents) e(j) are 0 or 1 (like in Pauli's exclusion principle). A 'fermionic state' is then denoted by a sequence with entries 0 or 1, where, except for the zero sequence, trailing zeros are omitted. The zero sequence stands for a(1) = 1. For example a(5) = 6 = 2^1*3^1 is denoted by the 'fermionic state' [1, 1], a(7) = 10 by [1, 0, 1]. Compare with 'fermionic partitions' counted in A000009. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 14 2014
From Vladimir Shevelev, Nov 20 2014: (Start)
The following is an Eratosthenes-type sieve for squarefree numbers. For integers > 1:
1) Remove even numbers, except for 2; the minimal non-removed number is 3.
2) Replace multiples of 3 removed in step 1, and remove multiples of 3 except for 3 itself; the minimal non-removed number is 5.
3) Replace multiples of 5 removed as a result of steps 1 and 2, and remove multiples of 5 except for 5 itself; the minimal non-removed number is 6.
4) Replace multiples of 6 removed as a result of steps 1, 2 and 3 and remove multiples of 6 except for 6 itself; the minimal non-removed number is 7.
5) Repeat using the last minimal non-removed number to sieve from the recovered multiples of previous steps.
Proof. We use induction. Suppose that as a result of the algorithm, we have found all squarefree numbers less than n and no other numbers. If n is squarefree, then the number of its proper divisors d > 1 is even (it is 2^k - 2, where k is the number of its prime divisors), and, by the algorithm, it remains in the sequence. Otherwise, n is removed, since the number of its squarefree divisors > 1 is odd (it is 2^k-1).
(End)
The lexicographically least sequence of integers > 1 such that each entry has an even number of proper divisors occurring in the sequence (that's the sieve restated). - Glen Whitney, Aug 30 2015
0 is nonsquarefree because it is divisible by any square. - Jon Perry, Nov 22 2014, edited by M. F. Hasler, Aug 13 2015
The Heinz numbers of partitions with distinct parts. We define the Heinz number of a partition p = [p_1, p_2, ..., p_r] as Product_{j=1..r} prime(j) (concept used by Alois P. Heinz in A215366 as an "encoding" of a partition). For example, for the partition [1, 1, 2, 4, 10] the Heinz number is 2*2*3*7*29 = 2436. The number 30 (= 2*3*5) is in the sequence because it is the Heinz number of the partition [1,2,3]. - Emeric Deutsch, May 21 2015
It is possible for 2 consecutive terms to be even; for example a(258)=422 and a(259)=426. - Thomas Ordowski, Jul 21 2015. [These form a subsequence of A077395 since their product is divisible by 4. - M. F. Hasler, Aug 13 2015]
There are never more than 3 consecutive terms. Runs of 3 terms start at 1, 5, 13, 21, 29, 33, ... (A007675). - Ivan Neretin, Nov 07 2015
a(n) = product of row n in A265668. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 13 2015
Numbers without excess, i.e., numbers k such that A001221(k) = A001222(k). - Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Sep 05 2016
Numbers k such that b^(phi(k)+1) == b (mod k) for every integer b. - Thomas Ordowski, Oct 09 2016
Boreico shows that the set of square roots of the terms of this sequence is linearly independent over the rationals. - Jason Kimberley, Nov 25 2016 (reference found by Michael Coons).
Numbers k such that A008836(k) = A008683(k). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Apr 04 2018
The prime zeta function P(s) "has singular points along the real axis for s=1/k where k runs through all positive integers without a square factor". See Wolfram link. - Maleval Francis, Jun 23 2018
Numbers k such that A007947(k) = k. - Kyle Wyonch, Jan 15 2021
The Schnirelmann density of the squarefree numbers is 53/88 (Rogers, 1964). - Amiram Eldar, Mar 12 2021
Comment from Isaac Saffold, Dec 21 2021: (Start)
Numbers k such that all groups of order k have a trivial Frattini subgroup [Dummit and Foote].
Let the group G have order n. If n is squarefree and n > 1, then G is solvable, and thus by Hall's Theorem contains a subgroup H_p of index p for all p | n. Each H_p is maximal in G by order considerations, and the intersection of all the H_p's is trivial. Thus G's Frattini subgroup Phi(G), being the intersection of G's maximal subgroups, must be trivial. If n is not squarefree, the cyclic group of order n has a nontrivial Frattini subgroup. (End)
Numbers for which the squarefree divisors (A206778) and the unitary divisors (A077610) are the same; moreover they are also the set of divisors (A027750). - Bernard Schott, Nov 04 2022
0 = A008683(a(n)) - A008836(a(n)) = A001615(a(n)) - A000203(a(n)). - Torlach Rush, Feb 08 2023
From Robert D. Rosales, May 20 2024: (Start)
Numbers n such that mu(n) != 0, where mu(n) is the Möbius function (A008683).
Solutions to the equation Sum_{d|n} mu(d)*sigma(d) = mu(n)*n, where sigma(n) is the sum of divisors function (A000203). (End)
a(n) is the smallest root of x = 1 + Sum_{k=1..n-1} floor(sqrt(x/a(k))) greater than a(n-1). - Yifan Xie, Jul 10 2024
Number k such that A001414(k) = A008472(k). - Torlach Rush, Apr 14 2025
To elaborate on the formula from Greathouse (2018), the maximum of a(n) - floor(n*Pi^2/6 + sqrt(n)/17) is 10 at indices n = 48715, 48716, 48721, and 48760. The maximum is 11, at the same indices, if floor is taken individually for the two addends and the square root. If the value is rounded instead, the maximum is 9 at 10 indices between 48714 and 48765. - M. F. Hasler, Aug 08 2025

Jean-Marie De Koninck, Ces nombres qui nous fascinent, Entry 165, p. 53, Ellipses, Paris, 2008.
David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract algebra. Vol. 1999. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: David S.Prentice Hall, 1991.
Ivan M. Niven and Herbert S. Zuckerman, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. 2nd ed., Wiley, NY, 1966, p. 251.
Michael Pohst and Hans J. Zassenhaus, Algorithmic Algebraic Number Theory, Cambridge Univ. Press, page 432.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Daniel Forgues, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..60794 (first 10000 terms from T. D. Noe)
Zenon B. Batang, Squarefree integers and the abc conjecture, arXiv:2109.10226 [math.GM], 2021.
Andrew R. Booker, Ghaith A. Hiary and Jon P. Keating, Detecting squarefree numbers, Duke Mathematical Journal, Vol. 164, No. 2 (2015), pp. 235-275; arXiv preprint, arXiv:1304.6937 [math.NT], 2013-2015.
Iurie Boreico, Linear independence of radicals, The Harvard College Mathematics Review 2(1), 87-92, Spring 2008.
Ernesto Cesàro, La serie di Lambert in aritmetica assintotica, Rendiconto della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Napoli, Serie 2, Vol. 7 (1893), pp. 197-204.
Henri Cohen, Francois Dress, and Mohamed El Marraki, Explicit estimates for summatory functions linked to the Möbius μ-function, Functiones et Approximatio Commentarii Mathematici 37 (2007), part 1, pp. 51-63.
H. Gent, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 27 1975.
Andrew Granville, ABC means we can count squarefrees, International Mathematical Research Notices 19 (1998), 991-1009.
Pentti Haukkanen, Mika Mattila, Jorma K. Merikoski and Timo Tossavainen, Can the Arithmetic Derivative be Defined on a Non-Unique Factorization Domain?, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 16 (2013), Article 13.1.2.
Aaron Krowne, squarefree number, PlanetMath.org.
Louis Marmet, First occurrences of squarefree gaps and an algorithm for their computation.
Louis Marmet, First occurrences of square-free gaps and an algorithm for their computation, arXiv preprint arXiv:1210.3829 [math.NT], 2012.
Srinivasa Ramanujan, Irregular numbers, J. Indian Math. Soc., Vol. 5 (1913), pp. 105-106.
Kenneth Rogers, The Schnirelmann density of the squarefree integers, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 15, No. 4 (1964), pp. 515-516.
J. A. Scott, Square-freedom revisited, The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 90, No. 517 (2006), pp. 112-113.
Vladimir Shevelev, Set of all densities of exponentially S-numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.03860 [math.NT], 2015.
O. Trifonov, On the Squarefree Problem II, Math. Balkanica, Vol. 3 (1989), Fasc. 3-4.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Squarefree.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Prime Zeta Function.
Wikipedia, Squarefree integer.
Index entries for "core" sequences.

Complement of A013929. Subsequence of A072774 and A209061.
Characteristic function: A008966 (mu(n)^2, where mu = A008683).
Subsequences: A000040, A002110, A235488.
Cf. A001414, A008472, A076259 (first differences), A173143 (partial sums), A000688, A003277, A013928, A020753, A020754, A020755, A030059, A030229, A033197, A034444, A039956, A048672, A053797, A057918, A059956, A071403, A072284, A120992, A133466, A136742, A136743, A160764, A243289, A243347, A243348, A243351, A215366, A046660, A265668, A265675.
Cf. A027750, A077610, A206778.
Subsequences: numbers j such that j*a(k) is squarefree where k > 1: A056911 (k = 2), A261034 (k = 3), A274546 (k = 5), A276378 (k = 6).

a005117 n = a005117_list !! (n-1)
a005117_list = filter ((== 1) . a008966) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2011, May 10 2011

[ n : n in [1..1000] | IsSquarefree(n) ];

with(numtheory); a := [ ]; for n from 1 to 200 do if issqrfree(n) then a := [ op(a), n ]; fi; od:
t:= n-> product(ithprime(k),k=1..n): for n from 1 to 113 do if(t(n) mod n = 0) then print(n) fi od; # Gary Detlefs, Dec 07 2011
A005117 := proc(n) option remember; if n = 1 then 1; else for a from procname(n-1)+1 do if numtheory[issqrfree](a) then return a; end if; end do: end if; end proc:  # R. J. Mathar, Jan 09 2013

Select[ Range[ 113], SquareFreeQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jan 31 2005 *)
Select[Range[150], Max[Last /@ FactorInteger[ # ]] < 2 &] (* Joseph Biberstine (jrbibers(AT)indiana.edu), Dec 26 2006 *)
NextSquareFree[n_, k_: 1] := Block[{c = 0, sgn = Sign[k]}, sf = n + sgn; While[c < Abs[k], While[ ! SquareFreeQ@ sf, If[sgn < 0, sf--, sf++]]; If[ sgn < 0, sf--, sf++]; c++]; sf + If[ sgn < 0, 1, -1]]; NestList[ NextSquareFree, 1, 70] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 18 2014 *)
Select[Range[250], MoebiusMu[#] != 0 &] (* Robert D. Rosales, May 20 2024 *)

bnd = 1000; L = vector(bnd); j = 1; for (i=1,bnd, if(issquarefree(i),L[j]=i; j=j+1)); L

{a(n)= local(m,c); if(n<=1,n==1, c=1; m=1; while( cMichael Somos, Apr 29 2005 */

list(n)=my(v=vectorsmall(n,i,1),u,j); forprime(p=2,sqrtint(n), forstep(i=p^2, n, p^2, v[i]=0)); u=vector(sum(i=1,n,v[i])); for(i=1,n,if(v[i],u[j++]=i)); u \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 08 2012

for(n=1, 113, if(core(n)==n, print1(n, ", "))); \\ Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Aug 02 2016

S(n) = my(s); forsquarefree(k=1,sqrtint(n),s+=n\k[1]^2*moebius(k)); s;
a(n) = my(min=1, max=231, k=0, sc=0); if(n >= 144, min=floor(zeta(2)*n - 5*sqrt(n)); max=ceil(zeta(2)*n + 5*sqrt(n))); while(min <= max, k=(min+max)\2; sc=S(k); if(abs(sc-n) <= sqrtint(n), break); if(sc > n, max=k-1, if(sc < n, min=k+1, break))); while(!issquarefree(k), k-=1); while(sc != n, my(j=1); if(sc > n, j = -1); k += j; sc += j; while(!issquarefree(k), k += j)); k; \\ Daniel Suteu, Jul 07 2022

first(n)=my(v=vector(n),i); forsquarefree(k=1,if(n<268293,(33*n+30)\20,(n*Pi^2/6+0.058377*sqrt(n))\1), if(i++>n, return(v)); v[i]=k[1]); v \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 10 2023

A5117=[1..3]; A005117(n)={if(n>#A5117, my(N=#A5117); A5117=Vec(A5117, max(n+999, N*5\4)); iferr(forsquarefree(k=A5117[N]+1, #A5117*Pi^2\6+sqrtint(#A5117)\17+11, A5117[N++]=k[1]),E,)); A5117[n]} \\ M. F. Hasler, Aug 08 2025

from sympy.ntheory.factor_ import core
def ok(n): return core(n, 2) == n
print(list(filter(ok, range(1, 114)))) # Michael S. Branicky, Jul 31 2021

from itertools import count, islice
from sympy import factorint
def A005117_gen(startvalue=1): # generator of terms >= startvalue
    return filter(lambda n:all(x == 1 for x in factorint(n).values()),count(max(startvalue,1)))
A005117_list = list(islice(A005117_gen(),20)) # Chai Wah Wu, May 09 2022

from math import isqrt
from sympy import mobius
def A005117(n):
    def f(x): return n+x-sum(mobius(k)*(x//k**2) for k in range(1, isqrt(x)+1))
    m, k = n, f(n)
    while m != k:
        m, k = k, f(k)
    return m # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 22 2024

Limit_{n->oo} a(n)/n = Pi^2/6 (see A013661). - Benoit Cloitre, May 23 2002
Equals A039956 UNION A056911. - R. J. Mathar, May 16 2008
A122840(a(n)) <= 1; A010888(a(n)) < 9. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 30 2010
a(n) = A055229(A062838(n)) and a(n) > A055229(m) for m < A062838(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 09 2010
A008477(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 17 2012
A055653(a(n)) = a(n); A055654(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 11 2012
A008966(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 26 2012
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^s = zeta(s)/zeta(2*s). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jul 07 2012
A056170(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 29 2012
A013928(a(n)+1) = n. - Antti Karttunen, Jun 03 2014
A046660(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 29 2015
Equals {1} UNION A000040 UNION A006881 UNION A007304 UNION A046386 UNION A046387 UNION A067885 UNION A123321 UNION A123322 UNION A115343 ... - R. J. Mathar, Nov 05 2016
|a(n) - n*Pi^2/6| < 0.058377*sqrt(n) for n >= 268293; this result can be derived from Cohen, Dress, & El Marraki, see links. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 18 2018
From Amiram Eldar, Jul 07 2021: (Start)
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(a(n)+1)/a(n)^2 = 9/Pi^2.
Sum_{k=1..n} 1/a(k) ~ (6/Pi^2) * log(n).
Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(a(k)+1)/a(k) ~ (2/Pi^2) * log(n).
(all from Scott, 2006) (End)

A046388 Odd numbers of the form p*q where p and q are distinct primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

15, 21, 33, 35, 39, 51, 55, 57, 65, 69, 77, 85, 87, 91, 93, 95, 111, 115, 119, 123, 129, 133, 141, 143, 145, 155, 159, 161, 177, 183, 185, 187, 201, 203, 205, 209, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 235, 237, 247, 249, 253, 259, 265, 267, 287, 291, 295, 299, 301, 303

Offset: 1

Patrick De Geest, Jun 15 1998

nonn

These are the odd squarefree semiprimes.

These numbers k have the property that k is a Fermat pseudoprime for at least two bases 1 < b < k - 1. That is, b^(k - 1) == 1 (mod k). See sequence A175101 for the number of bases. - Karsten Meyer, Dec 02 2010

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (terms 1..1000 from T. D. Noe)

Intersection of A005117 and A046315, or equally, of A005408 and A006881, or of A001358 and A056911.
Union of A080774 and A190299, which the latter is the union of A131574 and A016105.
Subsequence of A024556 and of A225375.
Cf. A353481 (characteristic function).
Cf. A001221, A046404, A056911, A175101.
Different from A056913, A098905, A225375.

a046388 n = a046388_list !! (n-1)
a046388_list = filter ((== 2) . a001221) a056911_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 02 2014

max = 300; A046388 = Sort@Flatten@Table[Prime[m] Prime[n], {n, 3, Ceiling[PrimePi[max/3]]}, {m, 2, n - 1}]; Select[A046388, # < max &] (* Alonso del Arte based on Robert G. Wilson v's program for A006881, Oct 24 2011 *)

isok(n) = (n % 2) && (bigomega(n) == 2) && (omega(n)==2); \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 05 2015

from sympy import factorint
def ok(n):
    if n < 2 or n%2 == 0: return False
    f = factorint(n)
    return len(f) == 2 and sum(f.values()) == 2
print([k for k in range(304) if ok(k)]) # Michael S. Branicky, May 03 2022

from math import isqrt
from sympy import primepi, primerange
def A046388(n):
    if n == 1: return 15
    def f(x): return int(n-1+x+(t:=primepi(s:=isqrt(x)))+(t*(t-1)>>1)-sum(primepi(x//k) for k in primerange(3, s+1)))
    def bisection(f,kmin=0,kmax=1):
        while f(kmax) > kmax: kmax <<= 1
        while kmax-kmin > 1:
            kmid = kmax+kmin>>1
            if f(kmid) <= kmid:
                kmax = kmid
            else:
                kmin = kmid
        return kmax
    return bisection(f,n,n) # Chai Wah Wu, Sep 10 2024

Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^s = (1/2)*(P(s)^2 - P(2*s)) + 1/4^s - P(s)/2^s, for s>1, where P is the prime zeta function. - Amiram Eldar, Nov 21 2020

I removed some ambiguity in the definition and edited the entry, merging in some material from A146166. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 09 2013

A225546 Tek's flip: Write n as the product of distinct factors of the form prime(i)^(2^(j-1)) with i and j integers, and replace each such factor with prime(j)^(2^(i-1)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 3, 16, 8, 256, 6, 9, 32, 65536, 12, 4294967296, 512, 64, 5, 18446744073709551616, 18, 340282366920938463463374607431768211456, 48, 1024, 131072, 115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936, 24, 81, 8589934592, 36, 768

Offset: 1

Paul Tek, May 10 2013

This is a multiplicative self-inverse permutation of the integers.
A225547 gives the fixed points.
From Antti Karttunen and Peter Munn, Feb 02 2020: (Start)
This sequence operates on the Fermi-Dirac factors of a number. As arranged in array form, in A329050, this sequence reflects these factors about the main diagonal of the array, substituting A329050[j,i] for A329050[i,j], and this results in many relationships including significant homomorphisms.
This sequence provides a relationship between the operations of squaring and prime shift (A003961) because each successive column of the A329050 array is the square of the previous column, and each successive row is the prime shift of the previous row.
A329050 gives examples of how significant sets of numbers can be formed by choosing their factors in relation to rows and/or columns. This sequence therefore maps equivalent derived sets by exchanging rows and columns. Thus odd numbers are exchanged for squares, squarefree numbers for powers of 2 etc.
Alternative construction: For n > 1, form a vector v of length A299090(n), where each element v[i] for i=1..A299090(n) is a product of those distinct prime factors p(i) of n whose exponent e(i) has the bit (i-1) "on", or 1 (as an empty product) if no such exponents are present. a(n) is then Product_{i=1..A299090(n)} A000040(i)^A048675(v[i]). Note that because each element of vector v is squarefree, it means that each exponent A048675(v[i]) present in the product is a "submask" (not all necessarily proper) of the binary string A087207(n).
This permutation effects the following mappings:
A000035(a(n)) = A010052(n), A010052(a(n)) = A000035(n). [Odd numbers <-> Squares]
A008966(a(n)) = A209229(n), A209229(a(n)) = A008966(n). [Squarefree numbers <-> Powers of 2]
(End)
From Antti Karttunen, Jul 08 2020: (Start)
Moreover, we see also that this sequence maps between A016825 (Numbers of the form 4k+2) and A001105 (2*squares) as well as between A008586 (Multiples of 4) and A028983 (Numbers with even sum of the divisors).
(End)

			  7744  = prime(1)^2^(2-1)*prime(1)^2^(3-1)*prime(5)^2^(2-1).
a(7744) = prime(2)^2^(1-1)*prime(3)^2^(1-1)*prime(2)^2^(5-1) = 645700815.

Cf. A225547 (fixed points) and the subsequences listed there.
Transposes A329050, A329332.
An automorphism of positive integers under the binary operations A059895, A059896, A059897, A306697, A329329.
An automorphism of A059897 subgroups: A000379, A003159, A016754, A122132.
Permutes lists where membership is determined by number of Fermi-Dirac factors: A000028, A050376, A176525, A268388.
Also permutes: A036554, A059404, A066427, A066428, A072774, A331593.
Sequences f that satisfy f(a(n)) = f(n): A048675, A064179, A064547, A097248, A302777, A331592.
Pairs of sequences (f,g) that satisfy a(f(n)) = g(a(n)): (A000265,A008833), (A000290,A003961), (A005843,A334747), (A006519,A007913), (A008586,A334748).
Pairs of sequences (f,g) that satisfy a(f(n)) = g(n), possibly with offset change: (A000040,A001146), (A000079,A019565).
Pairs of sequences (f,g) that satisfy f(a(n)) = g(n), possibly with offset change: (A000035, A010052), (A008966, A209229), (A007814, A248663), (A061395, A299090), (A087207, A267116), (A225569, A227291).
Cf. A331287 [= gcd(a(n),n)].
Cf. A331288 [= min(a(n),n)], see also A331301.
Cf. A331309 [= A000005(a(n)), number of divisors].
Cf. A331590 [= a(a(n)*a(n))].
Cf. A331591 [= A001221(a(n)), number of distinct prime factors], see also A331593.
Cf. A331740 [= A001222(a(n)), number of prime factors with multiplicity].
Cf. A331733 [= A000203(a(n)), sum of divisors].
Cf. A331734 [= A033879(a(n)), deficiency].
Cf. A331735 [= A009194(a(n))].
Cf. A331736 [= A000265(a(n)) = a(A008833(n)), largest odd divisor].
Cf. A335914 [= A038040(a(n))].
A self-inverse isomorphism between pairs of A059897 subgroups: (A000079,A005117), (A000244,A062503), (A000290\{0},A005408), (A000302,A056911), (A000351,A113849 U {1}), (A000400,A062838), (A001651,A252895), (A003586,A046100), (A007310,A000583), (A011557,A113850 U {1}), (A028982,A042968), (A053165,A065331), (A262675,A268390).
A bijection between pairs of sets: (A001248,A011764), (A007283,A133466), (A016825, A001105), (A008586, A028983).
Cf. also A336321, A336322 (compositions with another involution, A122111).

Array[If[# == 1, 1, Times @@ Flatten@ Map[Function[{p, e}, Map[Prime[Log2@ # + 1]^(2^(PrimePi@ p - 1)) &, DeleteCases[NumberExpand[e, 2], 0]]] @@ # &, FactorInteger[#]]] &, 28] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jan 21 2020 *)

A019565(n) = factorback(vecextract(primes(logint(n+!n, 2)+1), n));
a(n) = {my(f=factor(n)); for (i=1, #f~, my(p=f[i,1]); f[i,1] = A019565(f[i,2]); f[i,2] = 2^(primepi(p)-1);); factorback(f);} \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 29 2019

A048675(n) = { my(f = factor(n)); sum(k=1, #f~, f[k, 2]*2^primepi(f[k, 1]))/2; };
A225546(n) = if(1==n,1,my(f=factor(n),u=#binary(vecmax(f[, 2])),prods=vector(u,x,1),m=1,e); for(i=1,u,for(k=1,#f~, if(bitand(f[k,2],m),prods[i] *= f[k,1])); m<<=1); prod(i=1,u,prime(i)^A048675(prods[i]))); \\ Antti Karttunen, Feb 02 2020

from math import prod
from sympy import prime, primepi, factorint
def A225546(n): return prod(prod(prime(i) for i, v in enumerate(bin(e)[:1:-1],1) if v == '1')**(1<Chai Wah Wu, Mar 17 2023

Multiplicative, with a(prime(i)^j) = A019565(j)^A000079(i-1).
a(prime(i)) = 2^(2^(i-1)).
From Antti Karttunen and Peter Munn, Feb 06 2020: (Start)
a(A329050(n,k)) = A329050(k,n).
a(A329332(n,k)) = A329332(k,n).
Equivalently, a(A019565(n)^k) = A019565(k)^n. If n = 1, this gives a(2^k) = A019565(k).
a(A059897(n,k)) = A059897(a(n), a(k)).
The previous formula implies a(n*k) = a(n) * a(k) if A059895(n,k) = 1.
a(A000040(n)) = A001146(n-1); a(A001146(n)) = A000040(n+1).
a(A000290(a(n))) = A003961(n); a(A003961(a(n))) = A000290(n) = n^2.
a(A000265(a(n))) = A008833(n); a(A008833(a(n))) = A000265(n).
a(A006519(a(n))) = A007913(n); a(A007913(a(n))) = A006519(n).
A007814(a(n)) = A248663(n); A248663(a(n)) = A007814(n).
A048675(a(n)) = A048675(n) and A048675(a(2^k * n)) = A048675(2^k * a(n)) = k + A048675(a(n)).
(End)
From Antti Karttunen and Peter Munn, Jul 08 2020: (Start)
For all n >= 1, a(2n) = A334747(a(n)).
In particular, for n = A003159(m), m >= 1, a(2n) = 2*a(n). [Note that A003159 includes all odd numbers]
(End)

Name edited by Peter Munn, Feb 14 2020

"Tek's flip" prepended to the name by Antti Karttunen, Jul 08 2020

A039956 Even squarefree numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 6, 10, 14, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 94, 102, 106, 110, 114, 118, 122, 130, 134, 138, 142, 146, 154, 158, 166, 170, 174, 178, 182, 186, 190, 194, 202, 206, 210, 214, 218, 222, 226, 230, 238, 246, 254, 258, 262

Offset: 1

R. K. Guy

Sum of even divisors = 2 * the sum of odd divisors. - Amarnath Murthy, Sep 07 2002
From Daniel Forgues, May 27 2009: (Start)
a(n) = n * (3/1) * zeta(2) + O(n^(1/2)) = n * (3/1) * (Pi^2 / 6) + O(n^(1/2)).
For any prime p_i, the n-th squarefree number even to p_i (divisible by p_i) is:
n * ((p_i + 1)/1) * zeta(2) + O(n^(1/2)) = n * ((p_i + 1)/1) * (Pi^2 / 6) + O(n^(1/2)).
For any prime p_i, there are as many squarefree numbers having p_i as a factor as squarefree numbers not having p_i as a factor amongst all the squarefree numbers (one-to-one correspondence, both cardinality aleph_0).
E.g., there are as many even squarefree numbers as there are odd squarefree numbers.
For any prime p_i, the density of squarefree numbers having p_i as a factor is 1/p_i of the density of squarefree numbers not having p_i as a factor.
E.g., the density of even squarefree numbers is 1/p_i = 1/2 of the density of odd squarefree numbers (which means that 1/(p_i + 1) = 1/3 of the squarefree numbers are even and p_i/(p_i + 1) = 2/3 are odd) and as a consequence the n-th even squarefree number is very nearly p_i = 2 times the n-th odd squarefree number (which means that the n-th even squarefree number is very nearly (p_i + 1) = 3 times the n-th squarefree number while the n-th odd squarefree number is very nearly (p_i + 1)/ p_i = 3/2 the n-th squarefree number).
(End)
Apart from first term, these are the tau2-atoms as defined in [Anderson, Frazier] and [Lanterman]. - Michel Marcus, May 15 2019

Richard A. Mollin, Quadratics, CRC Press, 1996, Tables B1-B3.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
D. D. Anderson and Andrea M. Frazier, On a general theory of factorization in integral domains, Rocky Mountain J. Math., Volume 41, Number 3 (2011), 663-705. See pp. 698, 699, 702.
G. J. O. Jameson, Even and odd square-free numbers, Math. Gazette 94 (2010), 123-127; Author's copy.
James Lanterman, Irreducibles in the Integers modulo n, arXiv:1210.2991 [math.NT], 2012.

Subsequence of A005117.

Cf. A002808, A056911, A039955, A039957, A056911, A092673, A264387.

a039956 n = a039956_list !! (n-1)
a039956_list = filter even a005117_list  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2011

[n: n in [2..262 by 2] | IsSquarefree(n)];  // Bruno Berselli, Mar 03 2011

select(numtheory:-issqrfree,[seq(i,i=2..1000,4)]); # Robert Israel, Dec 23 2015

Select[Range[2,270,2],SquareFreeQ] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 23 2011 *)

is(n)=n%4==2 && issquarefree(n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 13 2013

Numbers k such that A092673(k) = +- 2. - Jon Perry, Mar 02 2004
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^s = zeta(s)/((1+2^s)*zeta(2*s)). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Sep 15 2012 [corrected by Amiram Eldar, Sep 26 2023]
a(n) = 2*A056911(n). - Robert Israel, Dec 23 2015
a(n) = 2*(1+2*A264387(n)),  n >= 1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 24 2015

A122132 Squarefree numbers multiplied by binary powers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85

Offset: 1

Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 21 2006

These numbers are called "oddly squarefree" in Banks and Luca. - Michel Marcus, Mar 14 2016

The asymptotic density of this sequence is 8/Pi^2 (A217739). - Amiram Eldar, Sep 21 2020

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
William D. Banks and Florian Luca, Roughly squarefree values of the Euler and Carmichael functions, Acta Arithmetica, Vol. 120, No. 3 (2005), pp. 211-230.

Subsequences: A000079, A005117, A007283, A051916, A056911, A029747.
Complement: A038838.
Cf. A217739.

a122132 n = a122132_list !! (n-1)
a122132_list = filter ((== 1) . a008966 . a000265) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 24 2012

Select[Range@ 85, SquareFreeQ[#/2^IntegerExponent[#, 2]] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 15 2020 *)

is(n)=issquarefree(n>>valuation(n,2)); \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 02 2015

a(n) = A007947(a(n)) * A006519(a(n)) / (2 - a(n) mod 2);
A007947(a(n)) = A000265(a(n)) * (2 - a(n) mod 2).
A008966(A000265(a(n))) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 24 2012
A010052(A008477(a(n))) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 17 2012

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A078779 Union of S, 2S and 4S, where S = odd squarefree numbers (A056911).

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A121684 Union of {8, 9, 18}, S, 2S and 4S, where S = odd squarefree numbers (A056911).

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A120675 Number of prime factors of odd squarefree numbers A056911.

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A094872 phi(n)/tau(n), for odd squarefree n > 1 (A056911), phi = A000010, tau = A000005.

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A338120 a(n) is the least index k such that the n-th odd squarefree number A056911(n) divides A110566(k).

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A005117 Squarefree numbers: numbers that are not divisible by a square greater than 1.

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A046388 Odd numbers of the form p*q where p and q are distinct primes.

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