A049084 -id:A049084 - cp's OEIS frontend

A007917 Version 1 of the "previous prime" function: largest prime <= n.

2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 11, 11, 13, 13, 13, 13, 17, 17, 19, 19, 19, 19, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 29, 29, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 37, 37, 37, 37, 41, 41, 43, 43, 43, 43, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 59, 59, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 67, 67, 67, 67, 71, 71, 73, 73, 73, 73

Offset: 2

R. Muller

Version 2 of the "previous prime" function (see A151799) is "largest prime < n". This produces the same sequence of numerical values, except the offset (or indexing) starts at 3 instead of 2.
Maple's "prevprime" function uses version 2.
Also the largest prime dividing n! or lcm(1,...,n). - Labos Elemer, Jun 22 2000
Also largest prime among terms of (n+1)st row of Pascal's triangle. - Jud McCranie, Jan 17 2000
Also largest integer k such that A000203(k) <= n+1. - Benoit Cloitre, Mar 17 2002. - Corrected by Antti Karttunen, Nov 07 2017
Also largest prime factor of A061355(n) (denominator of Sum_{k=0..n} 1/k!). - Jonathan Sondow, Jan 09 2005
Also prime(pi(x)) where pi(x) is the prime counting function = number of primes <= x. - Cino Hilliard, May 03 2005
Also largest prime factor, occurring to the power p, in denominator of Sum_{k=1..n} 1/k^p, for any positive integer p. - M. F. Hasler, Nov 10 2006
For n > 10, these values are close to the most negative eigenvalues of A191898 (conjecture). - Mats Granvik, Nov 04 2011

K. Atanassov, On the 37th and the 38th Smarandache Problems, Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics, Sophia, Bulgaria, Vol. 5 (1999), No. 2, 83-85.
J. Castillo, Other Smarandache Type Functions: Inferior/Superior Smarandache f-part of x, Smarandache Notions Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1-2-3, 1999, 202-204.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..10000
Marc Deleglise and Jean-Louis Nicolas, Maximal product of primes whose sum is bounded, arXiv preprint arXiv:1207.0603 [math.NT], 2012. See Fig. 1. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Dec 17 2012
Hans Gunter, Puzzle 145. The Inferior Smarandache Prime Part and Superior Smarandache Prime Part functions; Solutions by Jean Marie Charrier, Teresinha DaCosta, Rene Blanch, Richard Kelley and Jim Howell. F. Smarandache, Only Problems, Not Solutions!.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Previous Prime

Cf. A000040, A000203, A005145, A007918, A070801, A113523, A151799, A179278, A175851, A000720.

a007917 n = if a010051' n == 1 then n else a007917 (n-1)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 01 2013, Jul 26 2012

[NthPrime(#PrimesUpTo(n)): n in [2..100]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 25 2015

Maple
```
A007917 := n-> prevprime(n+1);
```

Table[Prime[PrimePi[n]], {n, 2, 70}] (* Stefan Steinerberger, Apr 06 2006 *)
NextPrime[Range[3,80],-1] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 23 2011 *)

a=precprime \\ In older versions, use a(n)=precprime(n)
\\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 15 2011

Equals A006530(A000142(n)). - Jonathan Sondow, Jan 09 2005
Equals A006530(A056040(n)). - Peter Luschny, Mar 04 2011
a(n) = A000040(A049084(A007918(n)) + 1 - A010051(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 26 2012
From Wesley Ivan Hurt, May 22 2013: (Start)
omega( Product_{i=2..n} a(i) ) = pi(n).
Omega( Product_{i=2..n} a(i) ) = n - 1. (End)
For n >= 2, a(A000203(n)) = A070801(n). - Antti Karttunen, Nov 07 2017
a(n) = n + 1 - Sum_{i=1..n} floor(pi(i)/pi(n)) = n + 1 - A175851(n). - Ridouane Oudra, Jun 24 2024
Conjecture: a(n) = floor(log(Sum_{k=2..n} exp(A000010(k)+1))). - Joseph M. Shunia, Aug 09 2024
a(n) = A000040(A000720(n)). - Ridouane Oudra, Oct 04 2024

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 06 2008

A007918 Least prime >= n (version 1 of the "next prime" function).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 11, 11, 11, 11, 13, 13, 17, 17, 17, 17, 19, 19, 23, 23, 23, 23, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 31, 31, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 41, 41, 41, 41, 43, 43, 47, 47, 47, 47, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 61, 61, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 71, 71, 71, 71, 73, 73

Offset: 0

R. Muller and Charles T. Le (charlestle(AT)yahoo.com)

Version 2 of the "next prime" function is "smallest prime > n". This produces A151800.
Maple uses version 2.
According to the "k-tuple" conjecture, a(n) is the initial term of the lexicographically earliest increasing arithmetic progression of n primes; the corresponding common differences are given by A061558. - David W. Wilson, Sep 22 2007
It is easy to show that the initial term of an increasing arithmetic progression of n primes cannot be smaller than a(n). - N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 18 2007
Also, smallest prime bounded by n and 2n inclusively (in accordance with Bertrand's theorem). Smallest prime >n is a(n+1) and is equivalent to smallest prime between n and 2n exclusively. - Lekraj Beedassy, Jan 01 2007
Run lengths of successive equal terms are given by A125266. - Felix Fröhlich, May 29 2022
Conjecture: if n > 1, then a(n) < n^(n^(1/n)). - Thomas Ordowski, Feb 23 2023

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Jens Kruse Andersen, Records for primes in arithmetic progressions
K. Atanassov, On Some of Smarandache's Problems
K. Atanassov, On the 37th and 38th Smarandache Problems, Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics, Sophia, Bulgaria, Vol. 5 (1999), No. 2, 83-85.
Henry Bottomley, Prime number calculator
J. Castillo, Other Smarandache Type Functions: Inferior/Superior Smarandache f-part of x, Smarandache Notions Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1-2-3, 1999, 202-204.
Andrew Granville, Prime Number Patterns
Hans Gunter, Puzzle 145. The Inferior Smarandache Prime Part and Superior Smarandache Prime Part functions; Solutions by Jean Marie Charrier, Teresinha DaCosta, Rene Blanch, Richard Kelley and Jim Howell.
Jonathan Sondow and Eric Weisstein, Bertrand's Postulate, World of Mathematics.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Next Prime, k-tuple conjecture
Index entries for sequences related to primes in arithmetic progressions

Cf. A000040, A007917, A008407, A020497, A061558, A125266, A151799, A151800, A171400.

a007918 n = a007918_list !! n
a007918_list = 2 : 2 : 2 : concat (zipWith
              (\p q -> (replicate (fromInteger(q - p)) q))
                                   a000040_list $ tail a000040_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 26 2012

[2] cat [NextPrime(n-1): n in [1..80]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jan 14 2016

A007918 := n-> nextprime(n-1); # M. F. Hasler, Apr 09 2008

NextPrime[Range[-1, 72]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 18 2011 *)

A007918(n)=nextprime(n)  \\ M. F. Hasler, Jun 24 2011

for(x=0,100,print1(nextprime(x)",")) \\ Cino Hilliard, Jan 15 2007

from sympy import nextprime
def A007918(n): return nextprime(n-1) # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 22 2022

For n > 1: a(n) = A000040(A049084(A007917(n)) + 1 - A010051(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 26 2012

a(n) = A151800(n-1). - Seiichi Manyama, Apr 02 2018

A003627 Primes of the form 3n-1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 41, 47, 53, 59, 71, 83, 89, 101, 107, 113, 131, 137, 149, 167, 173, 179, 191, 197, 227, 233, 239, 251, 257, 263, 269, 281, 293, 311, 317, 347, 353, 359, 383, 389, 401, 419, 431, 443, 449, 461, 467, 479, 491, 503, 509, 521, 557, 563, 569, 587

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane and Mira Bernstein

Inert rational primes in the field Q(sqrt(-3)). - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 25 2017
Primes p such that 1+x+x^2 is irreducible over GF(p). - Joerg Arndt, Aug 10 2011
Primes p dividing sum(k=0,p,C(2k,k)) -1 = A006134(p)-1. - Benoit Cloitre, Feb 08 2003
A039701(A049084(a(n))) = 2; A134323(A049084(a(n))) = -1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 21 2007
The set of primes of the form 3n - 1 is a superset of the set of lesser of twin primes larger than three (A001359). - Paul Muljadi, Jun 05 2008
Primes of this form do not occur in or as divisors of {n^2+n+1}. See A002383 (n^2+n+1 = prime), A162471 (prime divisors of n^2+n+1 not in A002383), and A002061 (numbers of the form n^2-n+1). - Daniel Tisdale, Jul 04 2009
Or, primes not in A007645. A003627 UNION A007645 = A000040. Also, primes of the form 6*k-5/2-+3/2. - Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Jan 28 2010
Except for first term "2", all these prime numbers are of the form: 6*n-1. - Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jul 13 2011
A088534(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 30 2011
For n>1: Numbers k such that (k-4)! mod k =(-1)^(floor(k/3)+1)*floor((k+1)/6), k>4. - Gary Detlefs, Jan 02 2012
Binomial(a(n),3)/a(n)= (3*A024893(n)^2+A024893(n))/2, n>1. - Gary Detlefs, May 06 2012
For every prime p in this sequence, 3 is a 9th power mod p. See Williams link. - Michel Marcus, Nov 12 2017
2 adjoined to A007528. - David A. Corneth, Nov 12 2017
For n >= 2 there exists a polygonal number P_s(3) = 3s - 3 = a(n) + 1. These are the only primes p with P_s(k) = p + 1, s >= 3, k >= 3, since P_s(k) - 1 is composite for k > 3. - Ralf Steiner, May 17 2018

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 870.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
A. Granville and G. Martin, Prime number races, arXiv:math/0408319 [math.NT], 2004.
Ernest G. Hibbs, Component Interactions of the Prime Numbers, Ph. D. Thesis, Capitol Technology Univ. (2022), see p. 33.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Eisenstein Prime
Kenneth S. Williams, 3 as a Ninth Power (mod p), Math. Scand., Vol 35 (1974), 309-317.
Index to sequences related to decomposition of primes in quadratic fields

Primes of form 3n+1 give A002476.
These are the primes arising in A024893, A087370, A088879. A091177 gives prime index.
Cf. A001359, A007528, A007645, A221717, A057145.
Subsequence of A034020.

a003627 n = a003627_list !! (n-1)
a003627_list = filter ((== 2) . (`mod` 3)) a000040_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 30 2011

[n: n in PrimesUpTo(720) | n mod 3 eq 2]; // Bruno Berselli, Apr 05 2011

t1 := {}; for n from 0 to 500 do if isprime(3*n+2) then t1 := {op(t1),3*n+2}; fi; od: A003627 := convert(t1,list);

Select[Range[-1, 600, 3], PrimeQ[#] &] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 17 2015 *)
Select[Prime[Range[200]],Mod[#,3]==2&] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 31 2023 *)

is(n)=n%3==2 && isprime(n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 20 2013

From R. J. Mathar, Apr 03 2011: (Start)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^2 = 0.30792... = A085548 - 1/9 - A175644.
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^3 = 0.134125... = A085541 - 1/27 - A175645. (End)

A196050 Number of edges in the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 5, 7, 7, 6, 6, 6, 5, 7, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 7, 5, 6, 7, 7, 6, 7, 6, 6, 8, 6, 7, 7, 6, 7, 8, 6, 6, 7, 7, 6, 7, 7, 6, 8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 6, 6, 8, 6, 8

Offset: 1

Emeric Deutsch, Sep 27 2011

nonn

The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree is defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.
a(n) is, for n >= 2, the number of prime function prime(.) = A000040(.) operations in the complete reduction of n. See the W. Lang link with a list of the reductions for n = 2..100, where a curly bracket notation {.} is used for prime(.). - Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 03 2018
From Gus Wiseman, Mar 23 2019: (Start)
Every positive integer has a unique factorization (encoded by A324924) into factors q(i) = prime(i)/i, i > 0. For example:
   11 = q(1) q(2) q(3) q(5)
   50 = q(1)^3 q(2)^2 q(3)^2
  360 = q(1)^6 q(2)^3 q(3)
In this factorization, a(n) is the number of factors counted with multiplicity. For example, a(11) = 4, a(50) = 7, a(360) = 10.
(End)
From Antti Karttunen, Oct 23 2023: (Start)
Totally additive with a(prime(n)) = 1 + a(n).
Number of iterations of A366385 (or equally, of A366387) needed to reach 1.
(End)

			a(7) = 3 because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 7 is the rooted tree Y.
a(2^m) = m because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 2^m is the star tree with m edges.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Emeric Deutsch, Tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.
F. Göbel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.
Wolfdieter Lang, Complete prime function reduction for n = 2..100.
D. W. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.
Index entries for sequences related to Matula-Goebel numbers

One less than A061775.
Cf. A000040, A000081, A000720, A003963, A007097, A020639, A049084, A109082, A109129, A317713, A318995, A358729.
Cf. A324850, A324922, A324923, A324924, A324925, A324931, A324935, A366385, A366387, A366388.

import Data.List (genericIndex)
a196050 n = genericIndex a196050_list (n - 1)
a196050_list = 0 : g 2 where
   g x = y : g (x + 1) where
     y = if t > 0 then a196050 t + 1 else a196050 r + a196050 s
         where t = a049084 x; r = a020639 x; s = x `div` r
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2013

with(numtheory): a := proc (n) local r, s: r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow: n/r(n) end proc: if n = 1 then 0 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then 1+a(pi(n)) else a(r(n))+a(s(n)) end if end proc: seq(a(n), n = 1 .. 110);

a[1] = 0; a[n_?PrimeQ] := a[n] = 1 + a[PrimePi[n]]; a[n_] := Total[#[[2]] * a[#[[1]] ]& /@ FactorInteger[n]];
Array[a, 110] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 16 2017 *)
difac[n_]:=If[n==1,{},With[{i=PrimePi[FactorInteger[n][[1,1]]]},Sort[Prepend[difac[n*i/Prime[i]],i]]]];
Table[Length[difac[n]],{n,100}] (* Gus Wiseman, Mar 23 2019 *)

a(n) = my(f=factor(n)); [self()(primepi(p))+1 |p<-f[,1]]*f[,2]; \\ Kevin Ryde, May 28 2021

from functools import lru_cache
from sympy import isprime, primepi, factorint
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def A196050(n):
    if n == 1 : return 0
    if isprime(n): return 1+A196050(primepi(n))
    return sum(e*A196050(p) for p, e in factorint(n).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 19 2022

a(1)=0; if n = prime(t) (the t-th prime), then a(n)=1 + a(t); if n = r*s (r,s>=2), then a(n)=a(r)+a(s). The Maple program is based on this recursive formula.
a(n) = A061775(n) - 1.
a(n) = A109129(n) + A366388(n) = A109082(n) + A358729(n). - Antti Karttunen, Oct 23 2023

A243055 Difference between the indices of the smallest and the largest prime dividing n: If n = p_i * ... * p_k, where p_i <= ... <= p_k, where p_h = A000040(h), then a(n) = (k-i), a(1) = 0 by convention.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 2, 4, 0, 1, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 6, 1, 1, 0, 7, 4, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 1, 8, 0, 1, 0, 2, 5, 5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 0, 2, 0, 10, 2, 0, 3, 4, 0, 6, 7, 3, 0, 1, 0, 11, 1, 7, 1, 5, 0, 2, 0, 12, 0, 3, 4, 13, 8, 4, 0, 2

Offset: 1

Antti Karttunen, May 31 2014

nonn

For n>=1, A100484(n+1) gives the position where n occurs for the first time (setting also the records for the sequence).

a(n) = the difference between the largest and the smallest parts of the partition having Heinz number n. We define the Heinz number of a partition p = [p_1, p_2, ..., p_r] as Product(p_j-th prime, j=1...r) (concept used by Alois P. Heinz in A215366 as an "encoding" of a partition). For example, for the partition [1, 1, 2, 4, 10] we get 2*2*3*7*29 = 2436. Example: a(57) = 6; indeed, the partition having Heinz number 57 = 3*19 is [2, 8]. - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 04 2015

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Index entries for sequences computed from indices in prime factorization

Differs from A242411 for the first time at n=30.
A000961 gives the positions of zeros.
Cf. A243056, A241917, A241919, A049084, A027748, A055396, A061395, A100484, A215366.

with(numtheory):
a:= n-> `if`(n=1, 0, (f-> pi(max(f[]))-pi(min(f[])))(factorset(n))):
seq(a(n), n=1..100);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jun 04 2015

a[1]=0; a[n_] := Function[{f}, PrimePi[Max[f]] - PrimePi[Min[f]]][FactorInteger[n][[All, 1]]]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 100}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 29 2015, after Alois P. Heinz *)

from sympy import primepi, primefactors
def A243055(n): return primepi(max(p:=primefactors(n),default=0))-primepi(min(p,default=0)) # Chai Wah Wu, Oct 10 2023

(define (A243055 n) (- (A061395 n) (A055396 n)))

If n = p_i * ... * p_k, where p_i <= ... <= p_k are not necessarily distinct primes (sorted into nondescending order) in the prime factorization of n, where p_i = A000040(i), then a(n) = (k-i).

a(n) = A061395(n) - A055396(n).

A014499 Number of 1's in binary representation of n-th prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 4, 7, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 7, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7, 5, 5, 5, 7, 5, 7, 2, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 6, 7, 6, 7, 8, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 5, 7, 7, 4, 5, 6, 7, 6, 8, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 3, 4

Offset: 1

Ingemar Assarsjo (ingemar(AT)binomen.se)

a(n) is the rank of prime(n) in the base-2 dominance order on the natural numbers. - Tom Edgar, Mar 25 2014

			From _M. F. Hasler_, Mar 03 2023: (Start)
a(n) = 1 only for p(n = 1) = 2, the only prime equal to a power of 2.
a(n) = 2 for n in A159611 = A000720(A019434) = {2, 3, 7, 55, 6543} (probably complete), the Fermat primes F[k] = 2^2^k + 1 with k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. (On the graph one can distinctly see a(6543) = 2 corresponding to F[4] = 65537.)
a(n) = 3 for n in A000720(A081091) = (4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 19, 21, 25, 32, 33, 44, 98, 106, 116, 136, 174, 191, 310, 313, 319, 565, 568, ...). (End)

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Tyler Ball and Daniel Juda, Dominance over N, Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, Fall 2013.
Christian Elsholtz, Almost all primes have a multiple of small Hamming weight, arXiv:1602.05974 [math.NT], 2016.
Index entries for sequences related to binary expansion of n

Cf. A035103, A035100, A004676, A090455.
Cf. A027697, A027699
Cf. A180024. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 08 2010
Cf. A072084.
Cf. A159611 (indices of 2s), A000720(A081091) (indices of 3s). - M. F. Hasler, Mar 03 2023

a014499 = a000120 . a000040  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 10 2013

[&+Intseq(NthPrime(n), 2): n in [1..100] ]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Mar 25 2014

Table[Plus @@ IntegerDigits[Prime[n], 2], {n, 1, 100}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Mar 25 2014 *)

A014499(n)=hammingweight(prime(n)) \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 20 2009, updated Mar 03 2023

from sympy import prime
def A014499(n): return prime(n).bit_count() # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 22 2023

[sum(i.digits(base=2)) for i in primes_first_n(200)] # Tom Edgar, Mar 25 2014

a(n) = A000120(A000040(n)).
a(A049084(A061712(n))) = n. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 10 2013
a(n) = [x^prime(n)] (1/(1 - x))*Sum_{k>=0} x^(2^k)/(1 + x^(2^k)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Mar 27 2018

A025480 a(2n) = n, a(2n+1) = a(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 7, 0, 8, 4, 9, 2, 10, 5, 11, 1, 12, 6, 13, 3, 14, 7, 15, 0, 16, 8, 17, 4, 18, 9, 19, 2, 20, 10, 21, 5, 22, 11, 23, 1, 24, 12, 25, 6, 26, 13, 27, 3, 28, 14, 29, 7, 30, 15, 31, 0, 32, 16, 33, 8, 34, 17, 35, 4, 36, 18, 37, 9, 38, 19, 39, 2, 40, 20, 41, 10

Offset: 0

David W. Wilson

These are the Grundy values or nim-values for heaps of n beans in the game where you're allowed to take up to half of the beans in a heap. - R. K. Guy, Mar 30 2006. See Levine 2004/2006 for more about this. - N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 14 2016
When n > 0 is written as (2k+1)*2^j then k = a(n-1) and j = A007814(n), so: when n is written as (2k+1)*2^j-1 then k = a(n) and j = A007814(n+1), when n > 1 is written as (2k+1)*2^j+1 then k = a(n-2) and j = A007814(n-1). - Henry Bottomley, Mar 02 2000 [sequence id corrected by Peter Munn, Jun 22 2022]
According to the comment from Deuard Worthen (see Example section), this may be regarded as a triangle where row r=1,2,3,... has length 2^(r-1) and values T(r,2k-1)=T(r-1,k), T(r,2k)=2^(r-1)+k-1; i.e., previous row gives 1st, 3rd, 5th, ... term and 2nd, 4th, ... terms are numbers 2^(r-1),...,2^r-1 (i.e., those following the last one from the previous row). - M. F. Hasler, May 03 2008
Let StB be a Stern-Brocot tree hanging between (pseudo)fractions Left and Right, then StB(1) = mediant(Left,Right) and for n>1: StB(n) = if a(n-1)<>0 and a(n)<>0 then mediant(StB(a(n-1)),StB(a(n))) else if a(n)=0 then mediant(StB(a(n-1)),Right) else mediant(Left,StB(a(n-1))), where mediant(q1,q2) = ((numerator(q1)+numerator(q2)) / (denominator(q1)+denominator(q2))). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 22 2008
This sequence is the unique fixed point of the function (a(0), a(1), a(2), ...) |--> (0, a(0), 1, a(1), 2, a(2), ...) which interleaves the nonnegative integers between the elements of a sequence. - Cale Gibbard (cgibbard(AT)gmail.com), Nov 18 2009
Also the number of remaining survivors in a Josephus problem after the person originally first in line has been eliminated (see A225381). - Marcus Hedbring, May 18 2013
A fractal sequence - see Levine 2004/2006. - N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 14 2016
From David James Sycamore, Apr 29 2020: (Start)
One of a family of fractal sequences, S_k; defined as follows for k >= 2: a(k*n) = n, a(k*n+r) = a((k-1)*n + (r-1)), r = 1..(k-1). S_2 is A025480; S_3 gives: a(3*n) = n, a(3*n + 1) = a(2*n), a(3*n + 2) = a(2*n + 1), which is A263390.
The subsequence of all nonzero terms is A131987. (End)
Similar to but different from A108202. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 26 2020
This sequence can be otherwise defined in two alternative (but related) ways, with a(0)=0, as follows: (i) If a(n) is a novel term, then a(n+1) = a(a(n)); if a(n) has been seen before, most recently at a(m), then a(n+1) = n-m (as in A181391). (ii) As above for novel a(n), then if a(n) has been seen before, a(n+1) = smallest k < a(n) which is not already a term. - David James Sycamore, Jul 13 2021
From a binary perspective, the sequence can be seen as even,odd pairs where the odd value is the previous even value, dropping the rightmost bits up to and including the lowest zero bit, aka right-shifted past the lowest clear bit. E.g., (5)101 -> 1, (17)10001 -> (4)100, (29)11101 -> (7)111, (39)100111 -> (2)10. - Joe Nellis, Oct 09 2022

			From Deuard Worthen (deuard(AT)raytheon.com), Jan 27 2006: (Start)
The sequence can be constructed as a triangle as:
  0
  0  1
  0  2  1  3
  0  4  2  5  1  6  3  7
  0  8  4  9  2 10  5 11  1 12  6 13  3 14  7 15
  ...
At each stage we interleave the next 2^m numbers in the previous row. (End)
Left=0/1, Right=1/0: StB=A007305/A047679; Left=0/1, Right=1/1: StB=A007305/A007306; Left=1/3, Right=2/3: StB=A153161/A153162. - _Reinhard Zumkeller_, Dec 22 2008

L. Levine, Fractal sequences and restricted Nim, Ars Combin. 80 (2006), 113-127.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Josef Eschgfäller and Andrea Scarpante, Dichotomic random number generators, arXiv:1603.08500 [math.CO], 2016.
Ralf Hinze, Concrete stream calculus: An extended study, J. Funct. Progr. 20 (5-6) (2010) 463-535, doi, Section 3.2.4.
L. Levine, Fractal sequences and restricted Nim, arXiv:math/0409408 [math.CO], 2004.
Ralf Stephan, Some divide-and-conquer sequences ....
Ralf Stephan, Table of generating functions.
Paul Tarau, A Groupoid of Isomorphic Data Transformations, Calculemus 2009, 8th International Conference, MKM 2009, pp. 170-185, Springer, LNAI 5625.
Index entries for sequences related to the Josephus Problem.

The Y-projection of A075300.

Cf. A108202, A138002, A000265, A003602, A103391, A153733, A220466, A225381, A131987, A263390, A181391, A007814.

import Data.List
interleave xs ys = concat . transpose $ [xs,ys]
a025480 = interleave [0..] a025480
-- Cale Gibbard, Nov 18 2009

Cf. comments by Worthen and Hasler.
import Data.List (transpose)
a025480 n k = a025480_tabf !! n !! k
a025480_row n = a025480_tabf !! n
a025480_tabf = iterate (\xs -> concat $
   transpose [xs, [length xs .. 2 * length xs - 1]]) [0]
a025480_list = concat $ a025480_tabf
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 29 2012

A025480 := proc(n)
    option remember ;
    if type(n,'even') then
        n/2 ;
    else
        procname((n-1)/2) ;
    end if;
end proc:
seq(A025480(n),n=0..100) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jul 16 2020

a[n_] := a[n] = If[OddQ@n, a[(n - 1)/2], n/2]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, 83}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 30 2006 *)
Table[BitShiftRight[n, IntegerExponent[n, 2] + 1], {n, 100}] (* IWABUCHI Yu(u)ki, Oct 13 2012 *)

a(n)={while(n%2,n\=2);n\2} \\ M. F. Hasler, May 03 2008

A025480(n)=n>>valuation(n*2+2,2) \\ M. F. Hasler, Apr 12 2012

def A025480(n): return n>>((~(n+1)&n).bit_length()+1) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 13 2022

A025480 = lambda n: odd_part(n+1)//2
[A025480(n) for n in (0..83)] # Peter Luschny, May 20 2014

a(n) = A003602(n+1) - 1. [Corrected by Max Alekseyev, May 05 2022]
a(n) = (A000265(n+1)-1)/2 = ((n+1)/A006519(n+1)-1)/2.
a(n) = A153733(n)/2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 31 2008
2^A007814(n+1)*(2*a(n)+1) = n+1. (See functions hd, tl and cons in [Paul Tarau 2009].) - Paul Tarau (paul.tarau(AT)gmail.com), Mar 21 2010
a(3*n + 1) = A173732(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 29 2012
a((2*n+1)*2^p-1) = n, p >= 0 and n >= 0. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jan 24 2013
a(n) = n - A225381(n). - Marcus Hedbring, May 18 2013
G.f.: -1/(1-x) + Sum_{k>=0} x^(2^k-1)/(1-2*x^2^(k+1)+x^2^(k+2)). - Ralf Stephan, May 19 2013
a(n) = A049084(A181363(n+1)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 22 2014
a(n) = floor(n / 2^A001511(n+1)). - Adam Shelly, Mar 05 2019
Recursion: a(0) = 0; a(n + 1) = a(a(n)) if a(n) is a first occurrence of a term, else a(n + 1) = n - a(n-1). - David James Sycamore, Apr 29 2020
a(n) * 2^(A007814(n+1)+1) + 2^A007814(n+1) - 1 = n (equivalent to the formula given in the comment by Paul Tarau). - Ruud H.G. van Tol, Apr 14 2023
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) = n^2/6 + O(n). - Amiram Eldar, Aug 07 2023

Edited by M. F. Hasler, Mar 16 2018

A109129 Width (i.e., number of non-root vertices having degree 1) of the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 5, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 4, 6, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 3, 4, 6, 2, 5, 3, 4

Offset: 1

Keith Briggs, Aug 17 2005

nonn

The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree is defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m >= 2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.
A non-root vertex having degree 1 is called a leaf.
Every positive integer has a unique factorization (see A324924) into factors q(i) = prime(i)/i for i > 0. The number of ones in this factorization is a(n). For example, 30 = q(1)^3 q(2)^2 q(3), so a(30) = 3. - Gus Wiseman, Mar 23 2019

			a(7)=2 because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 7 is the rooted tree Y.
a(2^m) = m because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 2^m is a star with m edges.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
E. Deutsch, Tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.
F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.
D. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.
Index entries for sequences related to Matula-Goebel numbers

Cf. A061775, A091233.
Cf. A049084, A020639.
Cf. A000081, A000720, A001222, A007097, A109082, A196050, A317713.
Cf. A324850, A324922, A324923, A324924, A324931.

import Data.List (genericIndex)
a109129 n = genericIndex a109129_list (n - 1)
a109129_list = 0 : 1 : g 3 where
   g x = y : g (x + 1) where
     y = if t > 0 then a109129 t else a109129 r + a109129 s
         where t = a049084 x; r = a020639 x; s = x `div` r
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2013

with(numtheory): a := proc (n) local r, s: r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow: n/r(n) end proc: if n = 1 then 0 elif n = 2 then 1 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then a(pi(n)) else a(r(n))+a(s(n)) end if end proc: seq(a(n), n = 1 .. 110);

Nest[Function[{a, n}, Append[a, If[PrimeQ@ n, a[[PrimePi@ n]], Total@ Map[#2 a[[#1]] & @@ # &, FactorInteger[n]] ]]] @@ {#, Length@ # + 1} &, {0, 1}, 105] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 24 2019 *)

ML(n) = if( n==1, 1, my(f=factor(n)); sum(k=1,matsize(f)[1],ML(primepi(f[k,1]))*f[k,2])) ;
A109129(n) = if( n==1, 0, ML(n) ); \\ François Marques, Mar 16 2021

from functools import lru_cache
from sympy import primepi, isprime, factorint
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def A109129(n):
    if n <= 2: return n-1
    if isprime(n): return A109129(primepi(n))
    return sum(e*A109129(p) for p, e in factorint(n).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 19 2022

a(1)=0; a(2)=1; if n = p(t) (= the t-th prime) and t >= 2, then a(n) = a(t); if n = rs (r, s >= 2), then a(n) = a(r) + a(s). The Maple program is based on this recursive formula.

The Gutman et al. references contain a different recursive formula.

Typo in formula fixed by Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2013

A091924 Primes such that their decimal representations interpreted in base 11 are also prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 5, 7, 29, 43, 61, 67, 89, 139, 193, 197, 199, 227, 263, 269, 281, 331, 353, 373, 379, 467, 571, 601, 607, 643, 733, 797, 809, 821, 827, 887, 919, 937, 1033, 1039, 1093, 1129, 1231, 1237, 1259, 1277, 1303, 1327, 1381, 1451, 1453, 1459, 1583

Offset: 1

Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 13 2004

See A090711 for a similar sequence whose definition works "in the opposite direction". - M. F. Hasler, Jan 03 2014

			A000040(10)=29 in base 11 is 2*11^1+9*11^0=31 prime, therefore 29 is a term.

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A091923.

[n:n in PrimesUpTo(1600)| IsPrime(Seqint(Intseq(n),11))]; // Marius A. Burtea, Jun 30 2019

filter:= proc(n) local L;
  if not isprime(n) then return false fi;
  L:= convert(n,base,10);
  isprime(add(L[i]*11^(i-1),i=1..nops(L)))
end proc:
select(filter, [2, seq(i,i=3..10000,2)]); # Robert Israel, Jan 28 2018

Select[Prime@ Range@ 250, PrimeQ@ FromDigits[IntegerDigits@ #, 11] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Aug 29 2015 *)

is(p,b=11)={my(d=digits(p));isprime(vector(#d,i,b^(#d-i))*d~)&&isprime(p)} \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 03 2014

A090862(A049084(a(n))) > 11 for n>4.

Corrected by Zak Seidov, Feb 25 2004

A049076 Number of steps in the prime index chain for the n-th prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Neil Fernandez

Let p(k) = k-th prime, let S(p) = S(p(k)) = k, the subscript of p; a(n) = order of primeness of p(n) = 1+m where m is largest number such that S(S(..S(p(n))...)) with m S's is a prime.

The record holders correspond to A007097.

			11 is 5th prime, so S(11)=5, 5 is 3rd prime, so S(S(11))=3, 3 is 2nd prime, so S(S(S(11)))=2, 2 is first prime, so S(S(S(S(11))))=1, not a prime. Thus a(5)=4.
Alternatively, a(5) = 4: the 5th prime is 11 and its prime index chain is 11->5->3->2->1->0. a(6) = 1: the 6th prime is 13 and its prime index chain is 13->6->0.

N. Fernandez, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..500
N. Fernandez, An order of primeness, F(p)
N. Fernandez, An order of primeness [cached copy, included with permission of the author]
N. Fernandez, The Exploring Primeness Project

Cf. A000040, A049077 - A049081, A006450, A049084, A236542.

a049076 = (+ 1) . a078442  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 14 2013

A049076 := proc(n)
    if not isprime(n) then
        1 ;
    else
        1+procname(numtheory[pi](n)) ;
    end if;
end proc:
seq(A049076(n),n=1..30) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jan 28 2014

A049076 f[n_] := Length[ NestWhileList[ PrimePi, n, PrimeQ]]; Table[ f[n], {n, 105}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 11 2004 *)
Table[Length[NestWhileList[PrimePi[#]&,Prime[n],PrimeQ[#]&]]-1,{n,110}] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 07 2018 *)

apply(p->my(s=1);while(isprime(p=primepi(p)),s++); s, primes(100)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2012

Let b(n) = 0 if n is nonprime, otherwise b(n) = k where n is the k-th prime. Then a(n) is the number of times you can apply b to the n-th prime before you hit a nonprime.
a(n) = 1 + A078442(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 07 2012
a(n) = A078442(A000040(n)). - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 16 2020

Additional comments from Gabriel Cunningham (gcasey(AT)mit.edu), Apr 12 2003

cp's OEIS Frontend

A007917 Version 1 of the "previous prime" function: largest prime <= n.

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A007918 Least prime >= n (version 1 of the "next prime" function).

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A003627 Primes of the form 3n-1.

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A196050 Number of edges in the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n.

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A243055 Difference between the indices of the smallest and the largest prime dividing n: If n = p_i * ... * p_k, where p_i <= ... <= p_k, where p_h = A000040(h), then a(n) = (k-i), a(1) = 0 by convention.

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A014499 Number of 1's in binary representation of n-th prime.

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