A016256 -id:A016256 - cp's OEIS frontend

A006095 Gaussian binomial coefficient [n, 2] for q = 2.

0, 0, 1, 7, 35, 155, 651, 2667, 10795, 43435, 174251, 698027, 2794155, 11180715, 44731051, 178940587, 715795115, 2863245995, 11453115051, 45812722347, 183251413675, 733006703275, 2932028910251, 11728119835307, 46912487729835

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Number of 4-block coverings of an n-set where every element of the set is covered by exactly 3 blocks (if offset is 3), so a(n) = (1/4!)*(4^n-6*2^n+8). - Vladeta Jovovic, Feb 20 2001
Number of non-coprime pairs of polynomials (f,g) with binary coefficients where both f and g have degree n+1 and nonzero constant term. - Luca Mariot and Enrico Formenti, Sep 26 2016
Number of triplets found from the integers 1 to 2^n-1 by converting to binary and performing an XOR operation on the corresponding bits of each pair. Defining addition in this carryless way (0+0=1+1=0, 0+1=1+0=1), each triplet (A,B,C) has the property A+B=C, A+C=B and B+C=A. For example, n=3 gives the 7 triplets (1,2,3), (1,4,5), (1,6,7), (2,4,6), (2,5,7), (3,4,7) and (3,5,6). Each integer appears in the set of triplets 2^(n-1)-1 times, for example 3 for n=3. - Ian Duff, Oct 05 2019
Number of 2-dimensional vector subspaces of (Z_2)^n, so also number of Klein subgroups of the group (C_2)^n. - Robert FERREOL, Jul 28 2021

J. Goldman and G.-C. Rota, The number of subspaces of a vector space, pp. 75-83 of W. T. Tutte, editor, Recent Progress in Combinatorics. Academic Press, NY, 1969.
I. P. Goulden and D. M. Jackson, Combinatorial Enumeration. Wiley, NY, 1983, p. 99.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
M. Sved, Gaussians and binomials, Ars. Combinatoria, 17A (1984), 325-351.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
L. Mariot and E. Formenti, The number of coprime/non-coprime pairs of polynomials over F_2 with degree n and nonzero constant term.
Ronald Orozco López, Generating Functions of Generalized Simplicial Polytopic Numbers and (s,t)-Derivatives of Partial Theta Function, arXiv:2408.08943 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 11.
Ronald Orozco López, Simplicial d-Polytopic Numbers Defined on Generalized Fibonacci Polynomials, arXiv:2501.11490 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 6.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
A. I. Solomon, C.-L. Ho and G. H. E. Duchamp, Degrees of entanglement for multipartite systems, arXiv preprint arXiv:1205.4958 [quant-ph], 2012. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 23 2012
M. Sved, Gaussians and binomials, Ars. Combinatoria, 17A (1984), 325-351. (Annotated scanned copy)
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (7,-14,8).

First differences: A006516.
Gaussian binomial coefficient [n, k] for q = 2: A000225 (k = 1), this sequence (k = 2), A006096 (k = 3), A006097 (k = 4), A006110 (k = 5), A022189 - A022195 (k = 6 thru 12).
Cf. A000392, A002275, A002452, A003462, A003463, A003464, A016123, A016125, A016208, A016256, A023000, A023001, A075113, A130324, A203235.

a:= n-> add((4^(n-1-j) - 2^(n-1-j))/2, j=0..n-1):
seq(a(n), n=0..24); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jan 04 2007
A006095 := -z^2/(z-1)/(2*z-1)/(4*z-1); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation. [adapted to offset 0 by Peter Luschny, Jul 20 2021]
a := n -> (2^n - 2)*(2^n - 1)/6:
seq(a(n), n = 0..24); # Peter Luschny, Jul 20 2021

Join[{a=0,b=0},Table[c=6*b-8*a+1;a=b;b=c,{n,60}]] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 06 2011 *)
CoefficientList[Series[x^2/((1-x)(1-2x)(1-4x)),{x,0,30}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{7,-14,8},{0,0,1},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 22 2011 *)
(* Next, using elementary symmetric functions *)
f[k_] := 2^(k - 1); t[n_] := Table[f[k], {k, 1, n}]
a[n_] := SymmetricPolynomial[2, t[n]]
Table[a[n], {n, 2, 32}]    (* A203235 *)
Table[a[n]/2, {n, 2, 32}]  (* A006095 *)
(* Clark Kimberling, Dec 31 2011 *)
Table[QBinomial[n, 2, 2], {n, 0, 24}] (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Nov 12 2015 *)

a(n) = (2^n - 1)*(2^(n-1) - 1)/3 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 25 2011

concat([0, 0], Vec(x^2/((1-x)*(1-2*x)*(1-4*x)) + O(x^50))) \\ Altug Alkan, Nov 12 2015

[gaussian_binomial(n,2,2) for n in range(0,25)] # Zerinvary Lajos, May 24 2009

G.f.: x^2/((1-x)(1-2x)(1-4x)).
a(n) = (2^n - 1)*(2^(n-1) - 1)/3 = 4^n/6 - 2^(n-1) + 1/3.
Row sums of triangle A130324. - Gary W. Adamson, May 24 2007
a(n) = Stirling2(n+1,3) + Stirling2(n+1,4). - Zerinvary Lajos, Oct 04 2007; corrected by R. J. Mathar, Mar 19 2011
a(n) = A139250(2^(n-1) - 1), n >= 1. - Omar E. Pol, Mar 03 2011
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) + 2^(n-1) - 1, n >= 2. - Vincenzo Librandi, Mar 19 2011
a(0) = 0, a(1) = 0, a(2) = 1, a(n) = 7*a(n-1) - 14*a(n-2) + 8*a(n-3). - Harvey P. Dale, Jul 22 2011
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-2} 2^k*C(2*n-k-2, k), n >= 2. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 19 2013
a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n-2, j=i..n-2} 2^{i+j} = 2^0 * (2^0 + 2^1 + ... + 2^(n-2)) + 2^1 * (2^1 + 2^2 + ... + 2^(n-2)) + ... + 2^(n-2) * 2^(n-2), n>1. - J. M. Bergot, May 08 2017
a(n) = a(n-1) + A000217(A000225(n-1)), n > 0. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Dec 11 2017
E.g.f.: (2*exp(x)-3*exp(2*x)+exp(4*x))/6. - Paul Weisenhorn, Aug 22 2021
From Peter Bala, Jul 01 2025: (Start)
G.f. assuming an offset of 0: exp( Sum_{n >= 1} b(3*n)/b(n)*x^n/n ) = 1 + 7*x + 35*x^2 + ..., where b(n) = A000225(n) = 2^n - 1.
The following are examples of telescoping series:
Sum_{n >= 2} 2^n/a(n) = 6, follows from 1 - (1/6)*Sum_{k = 2..n} 2^k/a(k) = 1/(2^n - 1).
Sum_{n >= 2} 2^n/(a(n)*a(n+2)) = 6/49, follows from 1 - (49/6)*Sum_{k = 2..n} 2^k/(a(k)*a(k+2)) = 1/A006096(n+2);
Sum_{n >= 2} 4^n/(a(n)*a(n+2)) = 26/49, follows from 13 - (49/2)*Sum_{k = 2..n} 4^k/(a(k)*a(k+2)) = A086224(n)/A006096(n+2);
Sum_{n >= 2} 8^n/(a(n)*a(n+2)) = 129/49, follows from 43 - (49/3)*Sum_{k = 2..n} 8^k/(a(k)*a(k+2)) = A171479(n+1)/A006096(n+2). (End)

A000392 Stirling numbers of second kind S(n,3).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 25, 90, 301, 966, 3025, 9330, 28501, 86526, 261625, 788970, 2375101, 7141686, 21457825, 64439010, 193448101, 580606446, 1742343625, 5228079450, 15686335501, 47063200806, 141197991025, 423610750290, 1270865805301

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Number of palindromic structures using exactly three different symbols; Mobius transform: A056279. - Marks R. Nester
Number of ways of placing n labeled balls into k=3 indistinguishable boxes. - Thomas Wieder, Nov 30 2004
With two leading zeros, this is the second binomial transform of cosh(x)-1 and the binomial transform of A000225 (with extra leading zero). - Paul Barry, May 13 2003
Let [m] denote the first m positive integers. Then a(n) is the number of functions f from [n] to [n+1] that satisfy (i) f(x) > x for all x, (ii) f(x) = n+1 for exactly 3 elements and (iii) f(f(x)) = n+1 for the remaining n-3 elements of [n]. For example, a(4)=6 since there are exactly 6 functions from {1,2,3,4} to {1,2,3,4,5} such that f(x) > x, f(x) = 5 for 3 elements and f(f(x)) = 5 for the remaining element. The functions are f1 = {(1,5), (2,5), (3,4), (4,5)}, f2 = {(1,5), (2,3), (3,5), (4,5)}, f3 = {(1,5), (2,4), (3,5), (4,5)}, f4 = {(1,2), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5)}, f5 = {(1,3), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5)}, f6 = {(1,4), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5)}. - Dennis P. Walsh, Feb 20 2007
Conjecture. Let S(1)={1} and, for n > 1, let S(n) be the smallest set containing x, 2x and 3x for each element x in S(n-1). Then a(n+2) is the sum of the elements in S(n). (It is easy to prove that the number of elements in S(n) is the n-th triangular number given by A001952.) See A122554 for a sequence defined in this way. - John W. Layman, Nov 21 2007; corrected (a(n) to a(n+2) due to offset change) by Fred Daniel Kline, Oct 02 2014
Let P(A) be the power set of an n-element set A. Then a(n+1) = the number of pairs of elements {x,y} of P(A) for which x and y are disjoint and for which x is not a subset of y and y is not a subset of x. Wieder calls these "disjoint strict 2-combinations". - Ross La Haye, Jan 11 2008; corrected by Ross La Haye, Oct 29 2008
Also, let P(A) be the power set of an n-element set A. Then a(n+2) = the number of pairs of elements {x,y} of P(A) for which either 0) x and y are disjoint and for which either x is a subset of y or y is a subset of x, or 1) x and y are disjoint and for which x is not a subset of y and y is not a subset of x, or 2) x and y are intersecting and for which either x is a proper subset of y or y is a proper subset of x. - Ross La Haye, Jan 11 2008
3 * a(n+1) = p(n+1) where p(x) is the unique degree-n polynomial such that p(k) = a(k+1) for k = 0, 1, ..., n. - Michael Somos, Apr 29 2012
John W. Layman's conjecture that a(n+2) is the sum of elements in S(n) follows from the identification of S(n) with the first n rows of A036561, whose row sums are A001047. - Fred Daniel Kline, Oct 02 2014
From M. Sinan Kul, Sep 08 2016: (Start)
Let m be equal to the product of n-1 distinct primes. Then a(n) is equal to the number of distinct fractions >=1 that may be created by dividing a divisor of m by another divisor. For example for m = 2*3*5 = 30, we would have the following 6 fractions: 6/5, 3/2, 5/3, 5/2, 10/3, 15/2.
Here finding the number of fractions would be equivalent to distributing n-1 balls (distinct primes) to two bins (numerator and denominator) with no empty bins which can be found by Stirling numbers of the second kind. So another definition for a(n) is a(n) = Sum_{i=2..n-1} Stirling2(i,2)*binomial(n-1,i).
Also for n > 0, a(n) = (d(m^2)+1)/2 - d(m) where m is equal to the product of n-1 distinct primes. Example for a(5): m = 2*3*5*7 = 210 (product of four distinct primes) so a(5) = (d(210^2)+1)/2 - d(210) = 41 - 16 = 25. (End)
6*a(n) is the number of ternary strings of length n that contain at least one of each of the 3 symbols on which they are defined. For example, for n=4, the strings are the 12 permutations of 0012, the 12 permutations of 0112, and the 12 permutations of 0122. - Enrique Navarrete, Aug 23 2021
A simpler form of La Haye's first comment is: a(n+1) is the number of ways we can form disjoint unions of two nonempty subsets of [n] (see example below). Cf. A001047 for the requirement that the union contains n. - Enrique Navarrete, Aug 24 2021
As partial sums of the Nicomachus triangle's rows and the differences of the powers of 3 and 2 (A001047), each iteration corresponds to two figurate variations of the Sierpinski triangle (3^n) with cross-correlation to the Nicomachus triangle, see illustrations in links. The Sierpinski half-hexagons of (A001047) stack and conform to the footprint of 2^n - 1 triangular numbers. The 3^n Sierpinski triangle minus its 2^n bottom row, also correlates to the Nicomachus triangle according to each Sierpinski triangular sub-row. - John Elias, Oct 04 2021

			a(4) = 6. Let denote Z[i] the i-th labeled element = "ball". Then one has for n=4 six different ways to fill sets = "boxes" with the labeled elements:
Set(Set(Z[3], Z[4]), Set(Z[1]), Set(Z[2])), Set(Set(Z[3], Z[1]), Set(Z[4]), Set(Z[2])), Set(Set(Z[4], Z[1]), Set(Z[3]), Set(Z[2])), Set(Set(Z[4]), Set(Z[1]), Set(Z[3], Z[2])), Set(Set(Z[3]), Set(Z[1], Z[2]), Set(Z[4])), Set(Set(Z[3]), Set(Z[1]), Set(Z[4], Z[2])).
G.f. = x^3 + 6*x^4 + 25*x^5 + 90*x^6 + 301*x^7 + 966*x^8 + 3025*x^9 + ...
For example, for n=3, a(4)=6 since the disjoint unions are: {1}U{2}, {1}U{3}, {1}U{2,3}, {2}U{3}, {2}U{1,3}, and {1,2}U{3}. - _Enrique Navarrete_, Aug 24 2021

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 835.
F. N. David, M. G. Kendall and D. E. Barton, Symmetric Function and Allied Tables, Cambridge, 1966, p. 223.
M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
Harry Crane, Left-right arrangements, set partitions, and pattern avoidance, Australasian Journal of Combinatorics, 61(1) (2015), 57-72.
John Elias, Illustration: Stirling-Sierpinski triangles, Nicomachus-Sierpinski towers
M. Griffiths and I. Mezo, A generalization of Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind via a special multiset, JIS 13 (2010) #10.2.5.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 346
Fred Kline and Peter Taylor, Partial sums of Nicomachus' Triangle rows produce Stirling numbers of the 2nd kind, Mathematics Stack Exchange. - _Fred Daniel Kline_, Sep 22 2014
Ross La Haye, Binary Relations on the Power Set of an n-Element Set, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 12 (2009), Article 09.2.6.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992.
Anthony G. Shannon, Hakan Akkuş, Yeşim Aküzüm, Ömür Deveci, and Engin Özkan, A partial recurrence Fibonacci link, Notes Num. Theor. Disc. Math. (2024) Vol. 30, No. 3, 530-537. See Table 1, p. 531.
Kai Wang, Girard-Waring Type Formula For A Generalized Fibonacci Sequence, Fibonacci Quarterly (2020) Vol. 58, No. 5, 229-235.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Minimal Cover.
Thomas Wieder, The number of certain k-combinations of an n-set, Applied Mathematics Electronic Notes, vol. 8 (2008).
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (6,-11,6).

Cf. A008277 (Stirling2 triangle), A007051, A056509, A000225.
Cf. A003462, A003463, A003464, A023000, A023001, A002452, A002275, A016123, A016125, A016256.
Cf. A028243, A122554.

List([0..400], n->Stirling2(n,3)); # Muniru A Asiru, Feb 04 2018

A000392 := n -> 9/2*3^n-4*2^n+1/2;  [ seq(9/2*3^n-4*2^n+1/2,n=0..30) ]; # Thomas Wieder
A000392:=-1/(z-1)/(3*z-1)/(2*z-1); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation

StirlingS2[Range[0,30],3] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 29 2011 *)

PARI
```
{a(n) = 3^(n-1) / 2 - 2^(n-1) + 1/2};
```

[stirling_number2(i,3) for i in (0..40)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 26 2008

G.f.: x^3/((1-x)*(1-2*x)*(1-3*x)).
E.g.f.: ((exp(x) - 1)^3) / 3!.
Recurrence: a(n+3) = 6*a(n+2) - 11*a(n+1) + 6*a(n), a(3) = 1, a(4) = 6, a(5) = 25. - Thomas Wieder, Nov 30 2004
With offset 0, this is 9*3^n/2 - 4*2^n + 1/2, the partial sums of 3*3^n - 2*2^n = A001047(n+1). - Paul Barry, Jun 26 2003
a(n) = (1 + 3^(n-1) - 2^n)/2, n > 0. - Dennis P. Walsh, Feb 20 2007
For n >= 3, a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 2^(n-2) - 1. - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 03 2009
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 6*a(n-2) + 1, for n > 3. - Vincenzo Librandi Nov 25 2010
a(n) = det(|s(i+3,j+2)|, 1 <= i,j <= n-3), where s(n,k) are Stirling numbers of the first kind. - Mircea Merca, Apr 06 2013
G.f.:  x^3 + 12*x^4/(G(0)-12*x), where G(k) = x + 1 + 9*(3*x+1)*3^k - 8*(2*x+1)*2^k - x*(9*3^k+1-8*2^k)*(81*3^k+1-32*2^k)/G(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Feb 01 2014
a(n + 2) = (1 - 2^(2 + n) + 3^(1 + n))/2 for n > 0. - Fred Daniel Kline, Oct 02 2014
For n > 0, a(n) = (1/2) * Sum_{k=1..n-1} Sum_{i=1..n-1} C(n-k-1,i) * C(n-1,k). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Sep 22 2017
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-3} 2^(k-1)*(3^(n-2-k) - 1).  - J. M. Bergot, Feb 05 2018

Offset changed by N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 08 2008

A014827 a(1)=1, a(n) = 5*a(n-1) + n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, 38, 194, 975, 4881, 24412, 122068, 610349, 3051755, 15258786, 76293942, 381469723, 1907348629, 9536743160, 47683715816, 238418579097, 1192092895503, 5960464477534, 29802322387690, 149011611938471, 745058059692377, 3725290298461908, 18626451492309564, 93132257461547845

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Dillan Agrawal, Selena Ge, Jate Greene, Tanya Khovanova, Dohun Kim, Rajarshi Mandal, Tanish Parida, Anirudh Pulugurtha, Gordon Redwine, Soham Samanta, and Albert Xu, Chip-Firing on Infinite k-ary Trees, arXiv:2501.06675 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 9, 18.
László Tóth, On Schizophrenic Patterns in b-ary Expansions of Some Irrational Numbers, arXiv:2002.06584 [math.NT], 2020. See also Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 148 (2020), pp. 461-469.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (7,-11,5).

Cf. A000225, A000392, A002275, A002452, A003462, A003463, A003464, A016123, A016125, A016208, A016218, A016256, A023000, A023001.

[(5^(n+1)-4*n-5)/16: n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 23 2011

a:=n->sum((5^(n-j)-1^(n-j))/4,j=0..n): seq(a(n), n=1..21); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jan 04 2007

Join[{a=1,b=7},Table[c=6*b-5*a+1;a=b;b=c,{n,60}]] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 06 2011 *)

[(gaussian_binomial(n,1,5)-n)/4 for n in range(2,23)] # Zerinvary Lajos, May 29 2009

a(n) = (5^(n+1) - 4*n - 5)/16.
G.f.: x/((1-5*x)*(1-x)^2).
From Paul Barry, Jul 30 2004: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (n-k)*5^k = Sum_{k=0..n} k*5^(n-k).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n+2,k+2)*4^k [Offset 0]. (End)
From Elmo R. Oliveira, Mar 29 2025: (Start)
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(5*exp(4*x) - 4*x - 5)/16.
a(n) = 7*a(n-1) - 11*a(n-2) + 5*a(n-3) for n > 3. (End)

A016208 Expansion of 1/((1-x)(1-3x)(1-4x)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 45, 220, 1001, 4368, 18565, 77540, 320001, 1309528, 5326685, 21572460, 87087001, 350739488, 1410132405, 5662052980, 22712782001, 91044838248, 364760483725, 1460785327100, 5848371485001, 23409176469808, 93683777468645, 374876324642820, 1499928942876001

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Binomial transform of A085277. - Paul Barry, Jun 25 2003

Number of walks of length 2n+5 between two nodes at distance 5 in the cycle graph C_12. - Herbert Kociemba, Jul 05 2004

Muniru A Asiru, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Natalia Agudelo Muñetón, Agustín Moreno Cañadas, Pedro Fernando Fernández Espinosa, and Isaías David Marín Gaviria, Brauer Configuration Algebras and Their Applications in Graph Energy Theory, Mathematics (2021) Vol. 9, 3042.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (8,-19,12)

Cf. A000225, A000295, A000392, A002275, A003462, A003463, A003464, A023000, A023001, A002452, A016123, A016125, A016256.

a:=[1,8,45];; for n in [4..30] do a[n]:=8*a[n-1]-19*a[n-2]+12*a[n-3]; od; Print(a); # Muniru A Asiru, Apr 19 2019

Table[(2^(2*n + 3) - 3^(n + 2) + 1)/6, {n, 40}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jan 19 2011 *)
CoefficientList[Series[1/((1-x)(1-3x)(1-4x)),{x,0,30}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {8,-19,12},{1,8,45},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 09 2012 *)

Vec(1/((1-x)*(1-3*x)*(1-4*x))+O(x^99)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 23 2012

a(n) = 16*4^n/3 + 1/6 - 9*3^n/2. - Paul Barry, Jun 25 2003
a(0) = 0, a(1) = 8, a(n) = 7*a(n-1) - 12*a(n-2) + 1. - Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 10 2011
a(0) = 1, a(1) = 8, a(2) = 45, a(n) = 8*a(n-1) - 19*a(n-2) + 12*a(n-3). - Harvey P. Dale, Apr 09 2012

A016209 Expansion of 1/((1-x)(1-3x)(1-5x)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 9, 58, 330, 1771, 9219, 47188, 239220, 1205941, 6059229, 30384718, 152189310, 761743711, 3811110039, 19062724648, 95335146600, 476740303081, 2383895225649, 11920057258978, 59602029687090

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

For a combinatorial interpretation following from a(n) = A039755(n+2,2) = h^{(3)}A039755.%20-%20_Wolfdieter%20Lang">n, the complete homogeneous symmetric function of degree n in the symbols {1, 3, 5} see A039755. - _Wolfdieter Lang, May 26 2017

			a(2) = h^{(3)}_2 = 1^2 + 3^2 + 5^2 + 1^1*(3^1 + 5^1) + 3^1*5^1 = 58. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, May 26 2017

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (9,-23,15).

Cf. A016218, A016208, A000392, A000225, A003462, A003463, A003464, A023000, A023001, A002452, A002275, A016123, A016125, A016256, A039755, A021424.

[(5^(n+2)-2*3^(n+2)+1)/8: n in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 17 2011

A016209 := proc(n) (5^(n+2)-2*3^(n+2)+1)/8; end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Mar 22 2011

Join[{a=1,b=9},Table[c=8*b-15*a+1;a=b;b=c,{n,60}]] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 07 2011 *)
CoefficientList[Series[1/((1-x)(1-3x)(1-5x)),{x,0,30}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {9,-23,15},{1,9,58},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 20 2020 *)

PARI
```
a(n)=if(n<0,0,n+=2; (5^n-2*3^n+1)/8)
```

a(n) = A039755(n+2, 2).
a(n) = (5^(n+2) - 2*3^(n+2)+1)/8 = a(n-1) + A005059(n+1) = 8*a(n-1) - 15*a(n-2) + 1 = (A003463(n+2) - A003462(n+2))/2. - Henry Bottomley, Jun 06 2000
G.f.: 1/((1-x)(1-3*x)(1-5*x)). See the name.
E.g.f.: (25*exp(5*x) - 18*exp(3*x) + exp(x))/8, from the e.g.f. of the third column (k=2) of A039755. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 26 2017

A016218 Expansion of 1/((1-x)(1-4x)(1-5x)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 71, 440, 2541, 14070, 75811, 400900, 2091881, 10808930, 55442751, 282806160, 1436400421, 7271480590, 36715316891, 185008240220, 930767824161, 4676745613050, 23475354034231, 117743274047080, 590182385739101, 2956775990710310, 14807336201610771

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (10,-29,20).

Cf. A016208, A000392, A000225, A003462, A003463, A003464, A023000, A023001, A002452, A002275, A016123, A016125, A016256.

Vec(1/((1-x)*(1-4*x)*(1-5*x))+O(x^99)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 23 2012

From Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 10 2011: (Start)
a(n) = a(n-1) + 5^(n+1) - 4^(n+1), n >= 1.
a(n) = 9*a(n-1) - 20*a(n-2) + 1, n >= 2. (End)
a(n) = 1/12 - 4^(n+2)/3 + 5^(n+2)/4. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 15 2011

A341091 Triangle read by rows: Coefficients for calculation of the sum of all the finite differences from order zero to order k. Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*b(n) = b(0) + b(1) + ... + b(k) + (b(1) - b(0)) + ... + (b(k) - b(k-1)) + ((b(2) - b(1)) - (b(1) - b(0))) + ... .

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 2, 1, -1, 3, 0, 3, -3, 4, 1, -2, 7, -6, 5, 0, 4, -8, 14, -10, 6, 1, -3, 13, -21, 25, -15, 7, 0, 5, -15, 35, -45, 41, -21, 8, 1, -4, 21, -49, 81, -85, 63, -28, 9, 0, 6, -24, 71, -129, 167, -147, 92, -36, 10, 1, -5, 31, -94, 201, -295, 315, -238, 129, -45, 11

Offset: 0

Thomas Scheuerle, Feb 13 2022

If we want to calculate the sum of finite differences for a sequence b(n):
  b(0)*T(0, n) + ... + b(n)*T(n, n) = b(0) + b(1) + ... + b(n) + (b(1) - b(0)) + ... + (b(n) - b(n-1)) + ((b(2) - b(1)) - (b(1) - b(0))) + ... This sum includes the sequence b(n) itself. This defines an invertible linear sequence transformation with a deep connection to Bernoulli numbers and other interesting sequences of rational numbers.
From Thomas Scheuerle, Apr 29 2024: (Start)
These are the coefficients of the polynomials defined by the recurrence: P(k, x) = P(k - 1, x) + (x^2 - x)*P(k - 2, x) + 1, with P(-1, x) = 0 and P(0, x) = 1. This can also be expressed as P(k, x) = Sum_{m=1..k+1} binomial(k+2 - m, m)*(x^2 - x)^(m - 1) = Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*x^(k-n). If we would evaluate P(k, t) as sequence for some fixed t then we get the expansion of 1/((1 - x)*(1+(t-1)*x)*(1 - t*x)).
We may replace (x^2 - x) by (x^(-2) - x^(-1)) to get the coefficients in reverse order: x^k*Sum_{m=1..k+1} binomial(k+2 - m, m)*(x^(-2) - x^(-1))^(m - 1) = Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*x^n = F(k, x). If we would evaluate F(k, t) as sequence for some fixed t then we get the expansion of 1/((1 - x)*(1 - (t-1)*x)*(1 - t*x)). (End)

			Triangle begins with T(n, k):
   n=   0,  1,   2,   3,   4,   5,   6,   7,   8
  k=0   1
  k=1   0,  2
  k=2   1, -1,   3
  k=3   0,  3,  -3,   4
  k=4   1, -2,   7,  -6,   5
  k=5   0,  4,  -8,  14, -10,   6
  k=6   1, -3,  13, -21,  25, -15,   7
  k=7   0,  5, -15,  35, -45,  41, -21,   8
  k=8   1, -4,  21, -49,  81, -85,  63, -28,   9
  ...

Cf. A000027, A000032, A000045, A000110, A000217.
Cf. A001045, A004006, A032346, A051744, A052875.
Cf. A084416, A130595, A145766.
Cf. A027642, A164555 (Numerators and denominators of Bernoulli numbers).
Cf. A001008, A002805 (Numerators and denominators of harmonic numbers).
Cf. A344037, A372245.
Sequences below will be obtained by evaluation of the associated polynomials:
Cf. A000295, A000392, A000975, A016208.
Cf. A016218, A016228, A016241, A016249.
Cf. A016256, A016261, A249997.

A341091(n, k) = sum(m=n, k,(-1)^(m+n)*binomial(m+1, n))

A341091(n, k) = (1/2)*(-1)^n*(2*(-1)^k*binomial(2+k, n)*hypergeom([1,k+3],k+3-n,-1)+(-1/2)^n*(2^(n+1)-1)) \\ Thomas Scheuerle, Apr 29 2024

b(0)*T(0, m) + b(1)*T(1, m) + ... + b(m)*T(m, m)
  = Sum_{j=0..m} Sum_{n=0..m-j} Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*binomial(n, k)*b(j+n-k)
  = Sum_{n=0..m} b(n)*Sum_{j=n..m}(-1)^(j+n)*binomial(j+1, n).
T(n, k) = Sum_{m=n..k}(-1)^(m+n)*binomial(m+1, n).
T(n, k) = (1/2)*(-1)^n*(2*(-1)^k*binomial(2+k, n)*Hypergeometric2F1(1, k+3, k+3-n, -1)+(-1/2)^n*(2^(n+1) - 1)), where Hypergeometric2F1 is the Gaussian hypergeometric function 2F1 as defined in Mathematica. - Thomas Scheuerle, Apr 29 2024
T(k, k) = A000027(k+1) The positive integers.
|T(k-1, k)| = A000217(k) The triangular numbers.
T(k-2, k) = A004006(k).
|T(k-3, k)| = A051744(k).
T(0, k*2) = 1.
T(0, k*2 + 1) = 0.
T(1, k*2 + 1) = k + 2.
T(1, k*2 + 2) = -(k + 1).
T(n, k) with constant n and variable k, a linear recurrence relation with characteristic polynomial (x-1)*(x+1)^(n+1).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*B_n = 1. B_n is the n-th Bernoulli number with B_1 = 1/2. B_n = A164555(n)/A027642(n).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*(1 - B_n) = k.
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*(2*n - 3+3*B_n) = k^2.
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*A032346(n) = A032346(k+1).
From Thomas Scheuerle, Apr 29 2024: (Start)
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*A000110(n+1) = A000110(k+2) - 1.
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*(1/(1+n)) = H(1+floor(k/2)), where H(k) is the harmonic number A001008(k)/A002805(k). (End)
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*c(n) = c(k). C(k) = {-1, 0, 1/2, 1/2, 1/8, -7/20, ...} this sequence of rational numbers can be defined recursively: c(0) = -1, c(m) = (-c(m-1) + Sum_{k=0..m-1} A130595(m+1, k)*c(k))/m.
  c(m) is an eigensequence of this transformation, all eigensequences are c(m) multiplied by any factor.
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*A000045(n) = 2*(A000045(2*floor((k+1)/2) - 1) - 1). A000045 are the Fibonacci numbers.
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*A000032(n) = A000032(2*floor(k/2)+2) - 2. A000032 are the Lucas numbers.
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*A001045(n) = A145766(floor((k+1)/2)). A001045 is the Jacobsthal sequence.
This sequence acting as an operator onto a monomial n^w:
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*n^w = (1/(w+1))*k^(w+1) + Sum_{v=1..w} ((v+B_v)*(w)_v/v!)*k^(w+1-v) - A052875(w) + O_k(w) (w)_v is the falling factorial. If k > w-1 then O_k(w) = 0. If k <= w-1 then O_k(w) is A084416(w, 2+k), the sequence with the exponential generating function: (e^x-1)^(2+k)/(2-e^x).
From Thomas Scheuerle, Apr 29 2024: (Start)
This sequence acting by its inverse operator onto a monomial k^w:
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*( Sum_{m=0..k} ((-1)^(1+m+k)*binomial(k, m)*(2^(k-m) - 1)*n^m + A344037(m)*B_n) ) = k^w - A372245(w, k+3), note that A372245(w, k+3) = 0 if k+3 > w. B_n is the n-th Bernoulli number with B_1 = 1/2.
How this sequence will act as an operator onto a Dirichlet series may be developed by the formulas below:
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*2^n = A000295(k+2).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*3^n = A000392(k+3).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*4^n = A016208(k).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*5^n = A016218(k).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*6^n = A016228(k).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*7^n = A016241(k).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*8^n = A016249(k).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*9^n = A016256(k).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*10^n = A016261(k).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*m^n = m^2*m^k/(m-1) - (m-1)^2*(m-1)^k/(m-2) + 1/((m-1)*(m-2)), for m > 2.
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k)*( m*B_n + (m-1)*Sum_{t=1..m} t^n )*(1/m^2) = m^k, for m > 0. B_n is the n-th Bernoulli number with B_1 = 1/2.
Sum_{n=0..k} T(n, k) zeta(-n) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^(1+j)/(2+j) = (-1)^(k+1)*LerchPhi(-1, 1, k+3) - 1 + log(2).
Sum_{n=0..k} T(k - n, k)*2^n = A000975(k+1)
Sum_{n=0..k} T(k - n, k)*3^n = A091002(k+2)
Sum_{n=0..k} T(k - n, k)*4^n = A249997(k). (End)

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A016208 Expansion of 1/((1-x)*(1-3*x)*(1-4*x)).

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A016209 Expansion of 1/((1-x)(1-3x)(1-5x)).

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A016208 Expansion of 1/((1-x)(1-3x)(1-4x)).

A016218 Expansion of 1/((1-x)(1-4x)(1-5x)).

A016198 Expansion of g.f. 1/((1-x)(1-2x)(1-5x)).