A098317 -id:A098317 - cp's OEIS frontend

A014176 Decimal expansion of the silver mean, 1+sqrt(2).

2, 4, 1, 4, 2, 1, 3, 5, 6, 2, 3, 7, 3, 0, 9, 5, 0, 4, 8, 8, 0, 1, 6, 8, 8, 7, 2, 4, 2, 0, 9, 6, 9, 8, 0, 7, 8, 5, 6, 9, 6, 7, 1, 8, 7, 5, 3, 7, 6, 9, 4, 8, 0, 7, 3, 1, 7, 6, 6, 7, 9, 7, 3, 7, 9, 9, 0, 7, 3, 2, 4, 7, 8, 4, 6, 2, 1, 0, 7, 0, 3, 8, 8, 5, 0, 3, 8, 7, 5, 3, 4, 3, 2, 7, 6, 4, 1, 5, 7

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

From Hieronymus Fischer, Jan 02 2009: (Start)
Set c:=1+sqrt(2). Then the fractional part of c^n equals 1/c^n, if n odd. For even n, the fractional part of c^n is equal to 1-(1/c^n).
c:=1+sqrt(2) satisfies c-c^(-1)=floor(c)=2, hence c^n + (-c)^(-n) = round(c^n) for n>0, which follows from the general formula of A001622.
1/c = sqrt(2)-1.
See A001622 for a general formula concerning the fractional parts of powers of numbers x>1, which satisfy x-x^(-1)=floor(x).
Other examples of constants x satisfying the relation x-x^(-1)=floor(x) include A001622 (the golden ratio: where floor(x)=1) and A098316 (the "bronze" ratio: where floor(x)=3). (End)
In terms of continued fractions the constant c can be described by c=[2;2,2,2,...]. - Hieronymus Fischer, Oct 20 2010
Side length of smallest square containing five circles of diameter 1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 05 2011
Largest radius of four circles tangent to a circle of radius 1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 14 2013
An analog of Fermat theorem: for prime p, round(c^p) == 2 (mod p). - Vladimir Shevelev, Mar 02 2013
n*(1+sqrt(2)) is the perimeter of a 45-45-90 triangle with hypotenuse n. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Apr 09 2016
This algebraic integer of degree 2, with minimal polynomial x^2 - 2*x - 1, is also the length ratio diagonal/side of the second largest diagonal in the regular octagon (not counting the side). The other two diagonal/side ratios are A179260 and A121601. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 28 2020
c^n = A001333(n) + A000129(n) * sqrt(2). - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 26 2023
c^n = c * A000129(n) + A000129(n-1), where c = 1 + sqrt(2). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 30 2023

			2.414213562373095...

B. C. Berndt, Ramanujan's Notebooks Part II, Springer-Verlag, p. 140, Entry 25.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Nicholas R. Beaton, Mireille Bousquet-Mélou, Jan de Gier, Hugo Duminil-Copin, and Anthony J. Guttmann, The critical fugacity for surface adsorption of self-avoiding walks on the honeycomb lattice is 1+sqrt(2), arXiv:1109.0358 [math-ph], 2011-2013.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Silver Ratio
Wikipedia, Exact trigonometric constants
Wikipedia, Metallic mean
Wikipedia, Silver ratio
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 2

Apart from initial digit the same as A002193.
Cf. A000032, A006497, A080039, A179260, A121601.
See A098316 for [3;3,3,...]; A098317 for [4;4,4,...]; A098318 for [5;5,5,...]. - Hieronymus Fischer, Oct 20 2010
Cf. A000129, A049310.

Digits:=100: evalf(1+sqrt(2)); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Apr 09 2016

RealDigits[1 + Sqrt@ 2, 10, 111] (* Or *)
RealDigits[Exp@ ArcSinh@ 1, 10, 111][[1]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 17 2011 *)
Circs[n_] := With[{r = Sin[Pi/n]/(1 - Sin[Pi/n])}, Graphics[Append[
  Table[Circle[(r + 1) {Sin[2 Pi k/n], Cos[2 Pi k/n]}, r], {k, n}],   {Blue, Circle[{0, 0}, 1]}]]] Circs[4] (* Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 14 2013 *)

1+sqrt(2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 14 2013

Conjecture: 1+sqrt(2) = lim_{n->oo} A179807(n+1)/A179807(n).
Equals cot(Pi/8) = tan(Pi*3/8). - Bruno Berselli, Dec 13 2012, and M. F. Hasler, Jul 08 2016
Silver mean = 2 + Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n/(P(n-1)*P(n)), where P(n) is the n-th Pell number (A000129). - Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 22 2013
Equals exp(arcsinh(1)) which is exp(A091648). - Stanislav Sykora, Nov 01 2013
Limit_{n->oo} exp(asinh(cos(Pi/n))) = sqrt(2) + 1. - Geoffrey Caveney, Apr 23 2014
exp(asinh(cos(Pi/2 - log(sqrt(2)+1)*i))) = exp(asinh(sin(log(sqrt(2)+1)*i))) = i. - Geoffrey Caveney, Apr 23 2014
Equals Product_{k>=1} A047621(k) / A047522(k) = (3/1) * (5/7) * (11/9) * (13/15) * (19/17) * (21/23) * ... . - Dimitris Valianatos, Mar 27 2019
From Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 10 2023:(Start)
Equals lim_{n->oo} A000129(n+1)/A000129(n) (see A000129, Pell).
Equals lim_{n->oo} S(n+1, 2*sqrt(2))/S(n, 2*sqrt(2)), with the Chebyshev S(n,x) polynomial (see A049310). (End)
From  Peter Bala, Mar 24 2024: (Start)
An infinite family of continued fraction expansions for this constant can be obtained from Berndt, Entry 25, by setting n = 1/2 and x = 8*k + 6 for k >= 0.
For example, taking k = 0 and k = 1 yields
sqrt(2) + 1 = 15/(6 + (1*3)/(12 + (5*7)/(12 + (9*11)/(12 + (13*15)/(12 + ... + (4*n + 1)*(4*n + 3)/(12 + ... )))))) and
sqrt(2) + 1 = (715/21) * 1/(14 + (1*3)/(28 + (5*7)/(28 + (9*11)/(28 + (13*15)/(28 + ... + (4*n + 1)*(4*n + 3)/(28 + ... )))))). (End)

A014445 Even Fibonacci numbers; or, Fibonacci(3*n).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 8, 34, 144, 610, 2584, 10946, 46368, 196418, 832040, 3524578, 14930352, 63245986, 267914296, 1134903170, 4807526976, 20365011074, 86267571272, 365435296162, 1548008755920, 6557470319842, 27777890035288, 117669030460994, 498454011879264, 2111485077978050

Offset: 0

Mohammad K. Azarian

a(n) = 3^n*b(n;2/3) = -b(n;-2), but we have 3^n*a(n;2/3) = F(3n+1) = A033887 and a(n;-2) = F(3n-1) = A015448, where a(n;d) and b(n;d), n=0,1,...,d, denote the so-called delta-Fibonacci numbers (the argument "d" of a(n;d) and b(n;d) is abbreviation of the symbol "delta") defined by the following equivalent relations: (1 + d*((sqrt(5) - 1)/2))^n = a(n;d) + b(n;d)*((sqrt(5) - 1)/2) equiv. a(0;d)=1, b(0;d)=0, a(n+1;d) = a(n;d) + d*b(n;d), b(n+1;d) = d*a(n;d) + (1-d)b(n;d) equiv. a(0;d)=a(1;d)=1, b(0;1)=0, b(1;d)=d, and x(n+2;d) + (d-2)*x(n+1;d) + (1-d-d^2)*x(n;d) = 0 for every n=0,1,...,d, and x=a,b equiv. a(n;d) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n,k)*F(k-1)*(-d)^k, and b(n;d) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n,k)*(-1)^(k-1)*F(k)*d^k equiv. a(n;d) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n,k)*F(k+1)*(1-d)^(n-k)*d^k, and b(n;d) = Sum_{k=1..n} C(n;k)*F(k)*(1-d)^(n-k)*d^k. The sequences a(n;d) and b(n;d) for special values d are connected with many known sequences: A000045, A001519, A001906, A015448, A020699, A033887, A033889, A074872, A081567, A081568, A081569, A081574, A081575, A163073 (see also the papers of Witula et al.). - Roman Witula, Jul 12 2012
For any odd k, Fibonacci(k*n) = sqrt(Fibonacci((k-1)*n) * Fibonacci((k+1)*n) + Fibonacci(n)^2). - Gary Detlefs, Dec 28 2012
The ratio of consecutive terms approaches the continued fraction 4 + 1/(4 + 1/(4 +...)) = A098317. - Hal M. Switkay, Jul 05 2020

			G.f. = 2*x + 8*x^2 + 34*x^3 + 144*x^4 + 610*x^5 + 2584*x^6 + 10946*x^7 + ...

Arthur T. Benjamin and Jennifer J. Quinn,, Proofs that really count: the art of combinatorial proof, M.A.A., 2003, id. 232.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Mohammad K. Azarian, Fibonacci Identities as Binomial Sums, International Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 38 (2012), pp. 1871-1876 (See Corollary 1 (v)).
H. H. Ferns, Problem B-115, Elementary Problems and Solutions, The Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 2 (1967), p. 202; Identities for F_{kn} and L{kn}, Solution to Problem B-115 by Stanley Rabinowitz, ibid., Vol. 6, No. 1 (1968), pp. 92-93.
Ira M. Gessel and Ji Li, Compositions and Fibonacci identities, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 16 (2013), Article 13.4.5.
Edyta Hetmaniok, Bozena Piatek, and Roman Wituła, Binomials Transformation Formulae of Scaled Fibonacci Numbers, Open Math., Vol. 15 (2017), pp. 477-485.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences.
Ron Knott, Mathematics of the Fibonacci Series.
Bahar Kuloğlu, Engin Özkan, and Marin Marin, Fibonacci and Lucas Polynomials in n-gon, An. Şt. Univ. Ovidius Constanţa (Romania 2023) Vol. 31, No 2, 127-140.
Peter McCalla and Asamoah Nkwanta, Catalan and Motzkin Integral Representations, arXiv:1901.07092 [math.NT], 2019.
Michael Z. Spivey and Laura L. Steil, The k-Binomial Transforms and the Hankel Transform, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 9 (2006), Article 06.1.1.
Roberto Tauraso, Some Congruences for Central Binomial Sums Involving Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers, JIS 19 (2016) # 16.5.4
Roman Witula and Damian Slota, delta-Fibonacci numbers, Appl. Anal. Discr. Math., Vol. 3, No. 2 (2009), pp. 310-329, MR2555042.
Roman Witula, Binomials transformation formulae of scaled Lucas numbers, Demonstratio Math., Vol. 46 (2013), pp. 15-27.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,1).

Cf. A000032, A000045, A001076, A049310, A111125.
Cf. A001519, A001906, A015448, A020699, A033887, A033889, A074872, A081567, A081568, A081569, A081574, A081575, A098317, A163073.
First differences of A099919.
Third column of array A102310.

[Fibonacci(3*n): n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 18 2011

a:= n-> (<<0|1>, <1|1>>^(3*n))[1,2]:
seq(a(n), n=0..25);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 03 2023

Table[Fibonacci[3n], {n,0,30}] (* Stefan Steinerberger, Apr 07 2006 *)
LinearRecurrence[{4,1},{0,2},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 14 2021 *)
Table[ SeriesCoefficient[2*x/(1 - 4*x - x^2), {x, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Nikolaos Pantelidis, Feb 02 2023 *)

numlib::fibonacci(3*n) $ n = 0..30; // Zerinvary Lajos, May 09 2008

a(n)=fibonacci(3*n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 25 2012

[fibonacci(3*n) for n in range(0, 30)] # Zerinvary Lajos, May 15 2009

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n, k)*F(k)*2^k. - Benoit Cloitre, Oct 25 2003
From Lekraj Beedassy, Jun 11 2004: (Start)
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) + a(n-2), with a(-1) = 2, a(0) = 0.
a(n) = 2*A001076(n).
a(n) = (F(n+1))^3 + (F(n))^3 - (F(n-1))^3. (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor((n-1)/2)} C(n, 2*k+1)*5^k*2^(n-2*k). - Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Jul 22 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} F(n+k)*binomial(n, k). - Benoit Cloitre, May 15 2005
O.g.f.: 2*x/(1 - 4*x - x^2). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 06 2008
a(n) = second binomial transform of (2,4,10,20,50,100,250). This is 2* (1,2,5,10,25,50,125) or 5^n (offset 0): *2 for the odd numbers or *4 for the even. The sequences are interpolated. Also a(n) = 2*((2+sqrt(5))^n - (2-sqrt(5))^n)/sqrt(20). - Al Hakanson (hawkuu(AT)gmail.com), May 02 2009
a(n) = 3*F(n-1)*F(n)*F(n+1) + 2*F(n)^3, F(n)=A000045(n). - Gary Detlefs, Dec 23 2010
a(n) = (-1)^n*3*F(n) + 5*F(n)^3, n >= 0. See the D. Jennings formula given in a comment on A111125, where also the reference is given. - Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 31 2012
With L(n) a Lucas number, F(3*n) = F(n)*(L(2*n) + (-1)^n) = (L(3*n+1) + L(3*n-1))/5 starting at n=1. - J. M. Bergot, Oct 25 2012
a(n) = sqrt(Fibonacci(2*n)*Fibonacci(4*n) + Fibonacci(n)^2). - Gary Detlefs, Dec 28 2012
For n > 0, a(n) = 5*F(n-1)*F(n)*F(n+1) - 2*F(n)*(-1)^n. - J. M. Bergot, Dec 10 2015
a(n) = -(-1)^n * a(-n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Nov 15 2018
a(n) = (5*Fibonacci(n)^3 + Fibonacci(n)*Lucas(n)^2)/4 (Ferns, 1967). - Amiram Eldar, Feb 06 2022
a(n) = 2*i^(n-1)*S(n-1,-4*i), with i = sqrt(-1), and the Chebyshev S-polynomials (see A049310) with S(-1, x) = 0. From the simplified trisection formula. - Gary Detlefs and Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 04 2023
E.g.f.: 2*exp(2*x)*sinh(sqrt(5)*x)/sqrt(5). - Stefano Spezia, Jun 03 2024
a(n) = 2*F(n) + 3*Sum_{k=0..n-1} F(3*k)*F(n-k). - Yomna Bakr and Greg Dresden, Jun 10 2024

A098316 Decimal expansion of [3, 3, ...] = (3 + sqrt(13))/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 3, 0, 2, 7, 7, 5, 6, 3, 7, 7, 3, 1, 9, 9, 4, 6, 4, 6, 5, 5, 9, 6, 1, 0, 6, 3, 3, 7, 3, 5, 2, 4, 7, 9, 7, 3, 1, 2, 5, 6, 4, 8, 2, 8, 6, 9, 2, 2, 6, 2, 3, 1, 0, 6, 3, 5, 5, 2, 2, 6, 5, 2, 8, 1, 1, 3, 5, 8, 3, 4, 7, 4, 1, 4, 6, 5, 0, 5, 2, 2, 2, 6, 0, 2, 3, 0, 9, 5, 4, 1, 0, 0, 9, 2, 4, 5, 3, 5, 8, 8, 3

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 02 2004

For reasons following from the formula section, this constant could be called "the bronze ratio". For this, compare with A001622 and A014176.
If c is this constant and n > 0, then for n even, c^n = [A100230(n), 1, A100230(n)-1, 1, A100230(n)-1, 1, A100230(n)-1, 1, ...], for n odd, c^n = [A100230(n)+1, A100230(n)+1, A100230(n)+1, ...]. - Gerald McGarvey, Dec 15 2007
This is the shape of a 3-extension rectangle; see A188640 for definitions. - Clark Kimberling, Apr 10 2011
From Vladimir Shevelev, Mar 02 2013: (Start)
An analog of Fermat theorem: for prime p, round(c^p) == 3 (mod p).
A generalization for "metallic" constants c_N = (N+sqrt(N^2+4))/2, N>=1: for prime p, round((c_N)^p) == N (mod p). (End)
This is the positive real algebraic number c of degree 2 with minimal polynomial x^3 - x - 1. The other negative root is 3 - c. - Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 29 2022
c^n = c*A006190(n) + A006190(n-1). - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 02 2024

			3.30277563...

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Wikipedia, Metallic mean
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 2

Cf. A001622, A014176, A098317, A098318, A000032, A006497, A080039, A049310.

RealDigits[(3 + Sqrt[13])/2, 10, 100][[1]] (* G. C. Greubel, Apr 16 2017 *)

(3 + sqrt(13))/2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 24 2013

3 plus the constant in A085550. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 02 2008
From Hieronymus Fischer, Jan 02 2009: (Start)
Set c:=(3+sqrt(13))/2. Then the fractional part of c^n equals 1/c^n, if n odd. For even n, the fractional part of c^n is equal to 1-(1/c^n).
c:=(3+sqrt(13))/2 satisfies c-c^(-1)=floor(c)=3, hence c^n + (-c)^(-n) = round(c^n) for n>0, which follows from the general formula of A001622.
1/c=(sqrt(13)-3)/2.
See A001622 for a general formula concerning the fractional parts of powers of numbers x>1, which satisfy x-x^(-1)=floor(x).
Other examples of constants x satisfying the relation x-x^(-1)=floor(x) include A001622 (the golden ratio: where floor(x)=1) and A014176 (the silver ratio: where floor(x)=2). (End)
c=3+sum{k>=1}(-1)^(k-1)/(A006190(k)*A006190(k+1)). - Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 23 2013
A generalization for "metallic" constants c_N = (N+sqrt(N^2+4))/2, N>=1. Let {A_N(n), n>=0} be the sequence 0, 1, N, N^2+1, N^3+2*N, N^4+3*N^2+1,..., a(N) = N*a(N-1) + a(N-2). Then c_N = N + sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n-1)/(A_N(n)*A_N(n+1)) (cf. A001622, A014176, A098316, A098317, A098318). - Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 23 2013
Equals lim_{n->oo} S(n, sqrt(13))/S(n-1, sqrt(13)), with the S-Chebyshev polynomial (see A049310). - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 15 2023

A139339 Decimal expansion of the square root of the golden ratio.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 7, 2, 0, 1, 9, 6, 4, 9, 5, 1, 4, 0, 6, 8, 9, 6, 4, 2, 5, 2, 4, 2, 2, 4, 6, 1, 7, 3, 7, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9, 1, 7, 1, 5, 6, 0, 8, 0, 4, 1, 8, 4, 0, 0, 9, 6, 2, 4, 8, 6, 1, 6, 6, 4, 0, 3, 8, 2, 5, 3, 9, 2, 9, 7, 5, 7, 5, 5, 3, 6, 0, 6, 8, 0, 1, 1, 8, 3, 0, 3, 8, 4, 2, 1, 4, 9, 8, 8, 4, 6, 0, 2, 5, 8, 5, 3, 8, 5, 1

Offset: 1

Mohammad K. Azarian, Apr 14 2008

The hyperbolas x^2 - y^2 = 1 and xy = 1 meet at (c, 1/c) and (-c, -1/c), where c = sqrt(golden ratio); see the Mathematica program for a graph. - Clark Kimberling, Oct 19 2011
An algebraic integer of degree 4. Minimal polynomial: x^4 - x^2 - 1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 07 2013
Also the limiting value of the ratio of the slopes of the tangents drawn to the function y=sqrt(x) from the abscissa F(n) points (where F(n)=A000045(n) are the Fibonacci numbers and n > 0). - Burak Muslu, Apr 04 2021
The length of the base of the isosceles triangle of smallest perimeter which circumscribes a unit-diameter semicircle (DeTemple, 1992). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 22 2022
The unique real solution to arcsec(x) = arccot(x). - Wolfe Padawer, Apr 14 2023

			1.2720196495140689642524224617374914917156080418400...

B. Muslu, Sayılar ve Bağlantılar 2, Luna, 2021, pages 45-48.

Chai Wah Wu, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Mohammad K. Azarian, Problem 123, Missouri Journal of Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Fall 1998), p. 176. Solution published in Vol. 12, No. 1 (Winter 2000), pp. 61-62.
Duane W. DeTemple, The Triangle of Smallest Perimeter which Circumscribes a Semicircle, The Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3 (1992), p. 274.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 4.

Cf. A000045, A001622, A094214, A104457, A098317, A002390; A197762 (related intersection of hyperbolas).

Digits:=100: evalf(sqrt((1+sqrt(5))/2)); # Muniru A Asiru, Sep 11 2018

N[Sqrt[GoldenRatio], 100]
FindRoot[x*Sqrt[-1 + x^2] == 1, {x, 1.2, 1.3}, WorkingPrecision -> 110]
Plot[{Sqrt[-1 + x^2], 1/x}, {x, 0, 3}] (* Clark Kimberling, Oct 19 2011 *)

sqrt((1+sqrt(5))/2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 07 2013

a(n) = sqrtint(10^(2*n-2)*quadgen(5))%10; \\ Chittaranjan Pardeshi, Aug 24 2024

Equals sqrt((1 + sqrt(5))/2).
Equals 1/sqrt(A094214). - Burak Muslu, Apr 04 2021
From Amiram Eldar, Feb 07 2022: (Start)
Equals 1/A197762.
Equals tan(arccos(1/phi)).
Equals cot(arcsin(1/phi)). (End)
From Gerry Martens, Jul 30 2023: (Start)
Equals 5^(1/4)*cos(arctan(2)/2).
Equals Re(sqrt(1+2*i)) (the imaginary part is A197762). (End)

A003623 Wythoff AB-numbers: floor(floor(nphi^2)phi), where phi = (1+sqrt(5))/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 8, 11, 16, 21, 24, 29, 32, 37, 42, 45, 50, 55, 58, 63, 66, 71, 76, 79, 84, 87, 92, 97, 100, 105, 110, 113, 118, 121, 126, 131, 134, 139, 144, 147, 152, 155, 160, 165, 168, 173, 176, 181, 186, 189, 194, 199, 202, 207, 210, 215, 220, 223, 228, 231, 236, 241, 244, 249

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Mira Bernstein

Previous name was: "From a 3-way splitting of positive integers: [[n*phi^2]*phi]."
Union of A001950 & A003622 & A003623 = A000027.
a(n) is odd if and only if n is odd. - Clark Kimberling, Apr 21 2011
A005614(a(n)-1)=1 and A005614(a(n))=1, n>=1. Because Wythoff AB-numbers (see the formula section) mark the first entry of pairs of 1s in the rabbit sequence A005614(n-1), n>=1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 28 2011
a(n) = k if and only if A270788(k) = 3, where A270788 is the infinite Fibonacci word on {1,2,3}. - Michel Dekking, Sep 07 2016
The asymptotic density of this sequence is 1/phi^3 = phi^3 - 4 = A098317 - 4 = 0.236067... . - Amiram Eldar, Mar 24 2025

Joe Roberts, Lure of the Integers, Math. Assoc. America, 1992, p. 10.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Nathaniel Johnston, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
J.-P. Allouche and F. M. Dekking, Generalized Beatty sequences and complementary triples, arXiv:1809.03424 [math.NT], 2018-2019.
Jon Asier Bárcena-Petisco, Luis Martínez, María Merino, Juan Manuel Montoya, and Antonio Vera-López, Fibonacci-like partitions and their associated piecewise-defined permutations, arXiv:2503.19696 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 3.
Benoit Cloitre and Jeffrey Shallit, Some Fibonacci-Related Sequences, arXiv:2312.11706 [math.CO], 2023.
Aviezri S. Fraenkel, The Raleigh game, INTEGERS: Electronic Journal of Combinatorial Number Theory 7.2 (2007): A13, 10 pages. See Table 1.
Aviezri S. Fraenkel, Complementary iterated floor words and the Flora game, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 24 (2010), no. 2, 570-588. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, May 06 2011
A. J. Hildebrand, Junxian Li, Xiaomin Li, and Yun Xie, Almost Beatty Partitions, arXiv:1809.08690 [math.NT], 2018.
Clark Kimberling, Complementary equations and Wythoff Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 11 (2008), Article 08.3.3.
Clark Kimberling, Intriguing infinite words composed of zeros and ones, Elemente der Mathematik, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2021), pp. 1-8.
Clark Kimberling and Kenneth B. Stolarsky, Slow Beatty sequences, devious convergence, and partitional divergence, Amer. Math. Monthly, Vol. 123, No. 2 (2016), 267-273.
Urban Larsson and Nathan Fox, An Aperiodic Subtraction Game of Nim-Dimension Two, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.7.4.
F. V. Weinstein, Notes on Fibonacci partitions, arXiv:math/0307150 [math.NT], 2003-2018 (see page 2, essential numbers).
Index entries for sequences related to Beatty sequences.

Let A = A000201, B = A001950. Then AA = A003622, AB = A003623, BA = A035336, BB = A101864.

Cf. A005614, A098317, A270788.

A003623:=proc(n) return floor(floor(n*(3+sqrt(5))/2)*(1+sqrt(5))/2); end:seq(A003623(n),n=1..59); # Nathaniel Johnston, Apr 21 2011

f[n_] := Floor[ GoldenRatio * Floor[ n * GoldenRatio^2]]; Array[f, 47]
(* another *) Table[n+2Floor[n*GoldenRatio],{n,1,100}]

a(n)=(n+sqrtint(5*n^2))\2*2+n \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 25 2022

from sympy import floor
from mpmath import phi
def a(n): return floor(n*phi) + floor(n*phi**2) # Indranil Ghosh, Jun 10 2017

from math import isqrt
def A003623(n): return (n+isqrt(5*n**2)&-2)+n # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 25 2022

a(n) = floor(n*phi) + floor(n*phi^2) = A000201(n) + A001950(n).
a(n) = 2*floor(n*phi) + n = 2*A000201(n) + n.
a(n) = A(B(n)) with A(k):=A000201(k) and B(k):=A001950(k), k>=1 (Wythoff AB-numbers).

Name improved by Michel Dekking, Sep 07 2016

A010709 Constant sequence: the all 4's sequence.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

From Klaus Brockhaus, May 25 2010: (Start)
Continued fraction expansion of 2+sqrt(5).
Decimal expansion of 4/9.
Inverse binomial transform of A020707. (End)

Tom Edgar, Proof without words: sum of powers of 4/9, Math. Mag. 89 no. 3 (2016) 191.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 1012
Dominika Závacká, Cristina Dalfó, and Miquel Angel Fiol, Integer sequences from k-iterated line digraphs, CEUR: Proc. 24th Conf. Info. Tech. - Appl. and Theory (ITAT 2024) Vol 3792, 156-161. See p. 161, Table 2.
Index to divisibility sequences
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1).

From Klaus Brockhaus, May 25 2010: (Start)
Equals 4*A000012, 2*A007395, A010731/2, A010855/4, A010871/8.
Cf. A098317 (decimal expansion of 2+sqrt(5)), A020707 (2^(n+2)). (End)

makelist(4, n, 0, 30); /* Martin Ettl, Nov 09 2012 */

a(n) = 4 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 07 2012

def A010709(n): return 4 # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 22 2023

From Klaus Brockhaus, May 25 2010: (Start)
a(n) = 4.
G.f.: 4/(1-x). (End)
E.g.f.: 4*e^x. - Vincenzo Librandi, Jan 29 2012

A014565 Decimal expansion of rabbit constant.

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 0, 9, 8, 0, 3, 4, 4, 2, 8, 6, 1, 2, 9, 1, 3, 1, 4, 6, 4, 1, 7, 8, 7, 3, 9, 9, 4, 4, 4, 5, 7, 5, 5, 9, 7, 0, 1, 2, 5, 0, 2, 2, 0, 5, 7, 6, 7, 8, 6, 0, 5, 1, 6, 9, 5, 7, 0, 0, 2, 6, 4, 4, 6, 5, 1, 2, 8, 7, 1, 2, 8, 1, 4, 8, 4, 6, 5, 9, 6, 2, 4, 7, 8, 3, 1, 6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 9, 9, 9, 3, 8, 8, 3, 9, 2, 6, 5

Offset: 0

Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 11 1999

Davison shows that the continued fraction is (essentially) A000301 and proves that this constant is transcendental. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 22 2013
Using Davison's result we can find an alternating series representation for the rabbit constant r as r = 1 - sum {n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)*(1 + 2^Fibonacci(3*n+1))/( (2^(Fibonacci(3*n - 1)) - 1)*(2^(Fibonacci(3*n + 2)) - 1) ). The series converges rapidly: for example, the first 10 terms of the series give a value for r accurate to more than 1.7 million decimal places. See A005614. - Peter Bala, Nov 11 2013
The rabbit constant is the number having the infinite Fibonacci word A005614 as binary expansion; its continued fraction expansion is A000301 = 2^A000045 (after a leading zero, depending on convention). - M. F. Hasler, Nov 10 2018

			0.709803442861291314641787399444575597012502205767...

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, p. 439.
M. Schroeder, Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws: Minutes from an Infinite Paradise, New York: W. H. Freeman, 1991.

Sean A. Irvine and Joerg Arndt, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
W. W. Adams and J. L. Davison, A remarkable class of continued fractions, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 65 (1977), 194-198.
P. G. Anderson, T. C. Brown, and P. J.-S. Shiue, A simple proof of a remarkable continued fraction identity Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 123 (1995), 2005-2009.
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), p. 754.
J. L. Davison, A series and its associated continued fraction, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 63 (1977), pp. 29-32.
Martin Griffiths, 96.12 The sum of a series: rational or irrational?, The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 96, No. 535 (2012), pp. 121-124.
Clark Kimberling and K. B. Stolarsky, Slow Beatty sequences, devious convergence, and partitional divergence, Amer. Math. Monthly, 123 (No. 2, 2016), 267-273.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Rabbit Constant.
Index entries for transcendental numbers

Cf. A005614, A073115, A119809, A119812.

Take[ RealDigits[ Sum[N[1/2^Floor[k*GoldenRatio], 120], {k, 0, 300}]-1][[1]], 103] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 28 2011, after Benoit Cloitre *)
RealDigits[ FromDigits[{Nest[Flatten[# /. {0 -> {1}, 1 -> {1, 0}}] &, {1}, 12], 0}, 2], 10, 111][[1]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 13 2014 *)
digits = 103; dm = 10; Clear[xi]; xi[b_, m_] := xi[b, m] = RealDigits[ ContinuedFractionK[1, b^Fibonacci[k], {k, 0, m}], 10, digits] // First; xi[2, dm]; xi[2, m = 2 dm]; While[xi[2, m] != xi[2, m - dm], m = m + dm]; xi[2, m] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 04 2015, update for versions 7 and up, after advice from Oleg Marichev *)

/* fast divisionless routine from fxtbook */
fa(y, N=17)=
{ my(t, yl, yr, L, R, Lp, Rp);
/* as powerseries correct up to order fib(N+2)-1 */
  L=0; R=1; yl=1; yr=y;
  for(k=1, N, t=yr; yr*=yl; yl=t; Lp=R; Rp=R+yr*L; L=Lp; R=Rp; );
  return( R )
}
a=0.5*fa(0.5) /* Joerg Arndt, Apr 15 2010 */

my(r=1,p=(3-sqrt(5))/2,n=1);while(r>r-=1.>>(n\p),n++);A014565=r \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 10 2018

my(f(n)=1.<A098317 (=> 298, 1259, 5331, ... digits). - M. F. Hasler, Nov 10 2018

Equals Sum_{n>=1} 1/2^b(n) where b(n) = floor(n*phi) = A000201(n).
Equals -1 + A073115.
From Peter Bala, Nov 04 2013: (Start)
The results of Adams and Davison 1977 can be used to find a variety of alternative series representations for the rabbit constant r. Here are several examples (phi denotes the golden ratio (1/2)*(1 + sqrt(5))).
r = Sum_{n >= 2} ( floor((n+1)*phi) - floor(n*phi) )/2^n = (1/2)*Sum_{n >= 1} A014675(n)/2^n.
r = Sum_{n >= 1} floor(n/phi)/2^n = Sum_{n >= 1} A005206(n-1)/2^n.
r = ( Sum_{n >= 1} 1/2^floor(n/phi) ) - 2 and r = ( Sum_{n >= 1} floor(n*phi)/2^n ) - 2 = ( Sum_{n >= 1} A000201(n)/2^n ) - 2.
More generally, for integer N >= -1, r = ( Sum_{n >= 1} 1/2^floor(n/(phi + N)) ) - (2*N + 2) and for all integer N, r = ( Sum_{n >= 1} floor(n*(phi + N))/2^n ) - (2*N + 2).
Also r = 1 - Sum_{n >= 1} 1/2^floor(n*phi^2) = 1 - Sum_{n >= 1} 1/2^A001950(n) and r = 1 - Sum_{n >= 1} floor(n*(2 - phi))/2^n = 1 - Sum_{n >= 1} A060144(n)/2^n. (End)

More terms from Simon Plouffe, Dec 11 1999

A004921 a(n) = floor(n*phi^6), phi = golden ratio, A001622.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 17, 35, 53, 71, 89, 107, 125, 143, 161, 179, 197, 215, 233, 251, 269, 287, 305, 322, 340, 358, 376, 394, 412, 430, 448, 466, 484, 502, 520, 538, 556, 574, 592, 610, 628, 645, 663, 681, 699, 717, 735, 753, 771

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

nonn

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Index entries for sequences related to Beatty sequences

Cf. A004919, A004920, A004922, A004923, A004924, A004925, A004926.
Cf. A004927, A004928, A004929, A004930, A004931, A004932, A004933.
Cf. A004934, A004935, A004976, A066096, A090909.
Cf. A001622, A098317.

[Floor((9+4*Sqrt(5))*n): n in [0..50]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 22 2023

Floor[GoldenRatio^6*Range[0, 50]] (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 22 2023 *)

[floor((9+4*sqrt(5))*n) for n in range(51)] # G. C. Greubel, Aug 22 2023

From G. C. Greubel, Aug 22 2023: (Start)
a(n) = floor((9 + 4*sqrt(5))*n).
a(n) = floor((A098317)^2*n). (End)

A098318 Decimal expansion of [5, 5, ...] = (5 + sqrt(29))/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 1, 9, 2, 5, 8, 2, 4, 0, 3, 5, 6, 7, 2, 5, 2, 0, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2, 4, 5, 7, 7, 0, 1, 6, 4, 7, 7, 8, 1, 4, 7, 5, 6, 0, 0, 8, 0, 8, 2, 2, 3, 9, 4, 4, 1, 8, 8, 4, 0, 1, 9, 4, 3, 3, 5, 0, 0, 8, 3, 2, 2, 9, 8, 1, 4, 1, 3, 8, 2, 9, 3, 4, 6, 4, 3, 8, 3, 1, 6, 8, 9, 0, 8, 3, 9, 9, 1, 7, 7, 4, 2, 2, 0

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 02 2004

The "metallic" constants A001622, A014176 etc. are defined inserting a = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... into (a+sqrt(a^2+4))/2. [Stakhov & Aranson] - R. J. Mathar, Feb 14 2011

This is the length/width ratio of a 5-extension rectangle; see A188640 where the metallic constants are defined for rational numbers. - Clark Kimberling, Apr 09 2011

			5.19258240356725201562535524577016477814756...

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
A. Stakhov and Samuil Aranson, Hyperbolic Fibonacci and Lucas functions, Golden Fibonacci Goniometry, Bodnar's Geometry, ..., Appl. Math. 2 (1) (2011) 74-84.
Wikipedia, Metallic mean
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 2

Cf. A001622, A014176, A098316, A098317, A010716 (continued fraction).

Cf. A052918, A049310.

SetDefaultRealField(RealField(100)); (5 + Sqrt(29))/2; // G. C. Greubel, Jun 30 2019

r=5; t=(r+(4+r^2)^(1/2))/2; FullSimplify[t]
N[t,130]
RealDigits[N[t,130]][[1]]
ContinuedFraction[t,120] (* Clark Kimberling, Apr 09 2011 *)

(5 + sqrt(29))/2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 24 2013

numerical_approx((5+sqrt(29))/2, digits=100) # G. C. Greubel, Jun 30 2019

5 plus the constant in A085551. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 02 2008
c^n = A052918(n-2) + A052918(n-1) * c, where c = (5 + sqrt(29))/2. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 09 2023
Equals lim_{n->infinity} S(n, sqrt(29))/ S(n-1, sqrt(29)), with the S-Chebyshev polynomials (see A049310). - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 15 2023

A134859 Wythoff AAA numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 9, 14, 19, 22, 27, 30, 35, 40, 43, 48, 53, 56, 61, 64, 69, 74, 77, 82, 85, 90, 95, 98, 103, 108, 111, 116, 119, 124, 129, 132, 137, 142, 145, 150, 153, 158, 163, 166, 171, 174, 179, 184, 187, 192, 197, 200, 205, 208, 213, 218, 221, 226, 229, 234, 239, 242

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Nov 14 2007

nonn

The lower and upper Wythoff sequences, A and B, satisfy the complementary equations AAA = AB - 2 and AAA = A + B - 2.
Also numbers with suffix string 001, when written in Zeckendorf representation (with leading zero for the first term). - A.H.M. Smeets, Mar 20 2024
The asymptotic density of this sequence is 1/phi^3 = phi^3 - 4 = A098317 - 4 = 0.236067... . - Amiram Eldar, Mar 24 2025

			Starting with A=(1,3,4,6,8,9,11,12,14,16,17,19,...), we have A(2)=3, so A(A(2))=4, so A(A(A(2)))=6.

A.H.M. Smeets, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000
Jon Asier Bárcena-Petisco, Luis Martínez, María Merino, Juan Manuel Montoya, and Antonio Vera-López, Fibonacci-like partitions and their associated piecewise-defined permutations, arXiv:2503.19696 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 4.
Aviezri S. Fraenkel, Complementary iterated floor words and the Flora game, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 24 (2010), no. 2, 570-588.
Martin Griffiths, On a Matrix Arising from a Family of Iterated Self-Compositions, Journal of Integer Sequences, 18 (2015), Article 15.11.8.
Clark Kimberling, Complementary equations and Wythoff Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, 11 (2008), Article 08.3.3.
Johan Kok, Integer sequences with conjectured relation with certain graph parameters of the family of linear Jaco graphs, arXiv:2507.16500 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 5-6.

Cf. A001622, A000201, A001950, A003622, A003623, A035336, A098317, A101864, A134860, A035337, A134861, A134862, A134863, A035338, A134864, A035513.
Let A = A000201, B = A001950. Then AA = A003622, AB = A003623, BA = A035336, BB = A101864. The eight triples AAA, AAB, ..., BBB are A134859, A134860, A035337, A134862, A134861, A134863, A035338, A134864, resp.
Essentially the same as A095098.

# For Maple code for these Wythoff compound sequences see A003622. - N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 30 2016

A[n_] := Floor[n GoldenRatio];
a[n_] := A@ A@ A@ n;
a /@ Range[100] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 28 2019 *)

from sympy import floor
from mpmath import phi
def A(n): return floor(n*phi)
def a(n): return A(A(A(n))) # Indranil Ghosh, Jun 10 2017

from math import isqrt
def A134859(n): return ((n+isqrt(5*n**2)>>1)-1<<1)+n # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 10 2022

a(n) = A(A(A(n))), n >= 1, with A=A000201, the lower Wythoff sequence.
a(n) = 2*floor(n*Phi^2) - n - 2 where Phi = (1+sqrt(5))/2. - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 12 2008; R. J. Mathar, Oct 16 2009
a(n) = A095098(n-1), n > 1. - R. J. Mathar, Oct 16 2009
From A.H.M. Smeets, Mar 23 2024: (Start)
a(n) = A(n) + B(n) - 2 (see Clark Kimberling 2008), with A=A000201, B=A001950, the lower and upper Wythoff sequences, respectively.
Equals {A003622}\{A134860} (= Wythoff AA \ Wythoff AAB). (End)

Incorrect PARI program removed by R. J. Mathar, Oct 16 2009

cp's OEIS Frontend

A014176 Decimal expansion of the silver mean, 1+sqrt(2).

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A014445 Even Fibonacci numbers; or, Fibonacci(3*n).

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A098316 Decimal expansion of [3, 3, ...] = (3 + sqrt(13))/2.

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A139339 Decimal expansion of the square root of the golden ratio.

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A003623 Wythoff AB-numbers: floor(floor(n*phi^2)*phi), where phi = (1+sqrt(5))/2.

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A010709 Constant sequence: the all 4's sequence.

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A003623 Wythoff AB-numbers: floor(floor(nphi^2)phi), where phi = (1+sqrt(5))/2.