cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A132393 Triangle of unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind (see A048994), read by rows, T(n,k) for 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 3, 1, 0, 6, 11, 6, 1, 0, 24, 50, 35, 10, 1, 0, 120, 274, 225, 85, 15, 1, 0, 720, 1764, 1624, 735, 175, 21, 1, 0, 5040, 13068, 13132, 6769, 1960, 322, 28, 1, 0, 40320, 109584, 118124, 67284, 22449, 4536, 546, 36, 1, 0, 362880, 1026576, 1172700, 723680, 269325, 63273, 9450, 870, 45, 1
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Philippe Deléham, Nov 10 2007, Oct 15 2008, Oct 17 2008

Keywords

Comments

Another name: Triangle of signless Stirling numbers of the first kind.
Triangle T(n,k), 0<=k<=n, read by rows given by [0,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,...] DELTA [1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.
A094645*A007318 as infinite lower triangular matrices.
Row sums are the factorial numbers. - Roger L. Bagula, Apr 18 2008
Exponential Riordan array [1/(1-x), log(1/(1-x))]. - Ralf Stephan, Feb 07 2014
Also the Bell transform of the factorial numbers (A000142). For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428 and for cross-references A265606. - Peter Luschny, Dec 31 2015
This is the lower triagonal Sheffer matrix of the associated or Jabotinsky type |S1| = (1, -log(1-x)) (see the W. Lang link under A006232 for the notation and references). This implies the e.g.f.s given below. |S1| is the transition matrix from the monomial basis {x^n} to the rising factorial basis {risefac(x,n)}, n >= 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 21 2017
T(n, k), for n >= k >= 1, is also the total volume of the n-k dimensional cell (polytope) built from the n-k orthogonal vectors of pairwise different lengths chosen from the set {1, 2, ..., n-1}. See the elementary symmetric function formula for T(n, k) and an example below. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 28 2017
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 20 2017: (Start)
The compositional inverse w.r.t. x of y = y(t;x) = x*(1 - t(-log(1-x)/x)) = x + t*log(1-x) is x = x(t;y) = ED(y,t) := Sum_{d>=0} D(d,t)*y^(d+1)/(d+1)!, the e.g.f. of the o.g.f.s D(d,t) = Sum_{m>=0} T(d+m, m)*t^m of the diagonal sequences of the present triangle. See the P. Bala link for a proof (there d = n-1, n >= 1, is the label for the diagonals).
This inversion gives D(d,t) = P(d, t)/(1-t)^(2*d+1), with the numerator polynomials P(d, t) = Sum_{m=0..d} A288874(d, m)*t^m. See an example below. See also the P. Bala formula in A112007. (End)
For n > 0, T(n,k) is the number of permutations of the integers from 1 to n which have k visible digits when viewed from a specific end, in the sense that a higher value hides a lower one in a subsequent position. - Ian Duff, Jul 12 2019

Examples

			Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  1;
  0,    1;
  0,    1,     1;
  0,    2,     3,     1;
  0,    6,    11,     6,    1;
  0,   24,    50,    35,   10,    1;
  0,  120,   274,   225,   85,   15,   1;
  0,  720,  1764,  1624,  735,  175,  21,  1;
  0, 5040, 13068, 13132, 6769, 1960, 322, 28, 1;
  ...
---------------------------------------------------
Production matrix is
  0, 1
  0, 1, 1
  0, 1, 2,  1
  0, 1, 3,  3,  1
  0, 1, 4,  6,  4,  1
  0, 1, 5, 10, 10,  5,  1
  0, 1, 6, 15, 20, 15,  6, 1
  0, 1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1
  ...
From _Wolfdieter Lang_, May 09 2017: (Start)
Three term recurrence: 50 = T(5, 2) = 1*6 + (5-1)*11 = 50.
Recurrence from the Sheffer a-sequence [1, 1/2, 1/6, 0, ...]: 50 = T(5, 2) = (5/2)*(binomial(1, 1)*1*6 + binomial(2, 1)*(1/2)*11 + binomial(3, 1)*(1/6)*6 + 0) = 50. The vanishing z-sequence produces the k=0 column from T(0, 0) = 1. (End)
Elementary symmetric function T(4, 2) = sigma^{(3)}_2 = 1*2 + 1*3 + 2*3 = 11. Here the cells (polytopes) are 3 rectangles with total area 11. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, May 28 2017
O.g.f.s of diagonals: d=2 (third diagonal) [0, 6, 50, ...] has D(2,t) = P(2, t)/(1-t)^5, with P(2, t) = 2 + t, the n = 2 row of A288874. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jul 20 2017
Boas-Buck recurrence for column k = 2 and n = 5: T(5, 2) = (5!*2/3)*((3/8)*T(2,2)/2! + (5/12)*T(3,2)/3! + (1/2)*T(4,2)/4!) = (5!*2/3)*(3/16 + (5/12)*3/3! + (1/2)*11/4!) = 50. The beta sequence begins: {1/2, 5/12, 3/8, ...}. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Aug 11 2017
		

References

  • Miklos Bona, editor, Handbook of Enumerative Combinatorics, CRC Press, 2015, pages 31, 187, 441, 996.
  • R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth, and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 2nd. ed., Table 259, p. 259.
  • Steve Roman, The Umbral Calculus, Dover Publications, New York (1984), pp. 149-150

Crossrefs

Essentially a duplicate of A048994. Cf. A008275, A008277, A112007, A130534, A288874, A354795.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a132393 n k = a132393_tabl !! n !! k
    a132393_row n = a132393_tabl !! n
    a132393_tabl = map (map abs) a048994_tabl
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 06 2013
    
  • Maple
    a132393_row := proc(n) local k; seq(coeff(expand(pochhammer (x,n)),x,k),k=0..n) end: # Peter Luschny, Nov 28 2010
  • Mathematica
    p[t_] = 1/(1 - t)^x; Table[ ExpandAll[(n!)SeriesCoefficient[ Series[p[t], {t, 0, 30}], n]], {n, 0, 10}]; a = Table[(n!)* CoefficientList[SeriesCoefficient[ Series[p[t], {t, 0, 30}], n], x], {n, 0, 10}]; Flatten[a] (* Roger L. Bagula, Apr 18 2008 *)
    Flatten[Table[Abs[StirlingS1[n,i]],{n,0,10},{i,0,n}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 04 2014 *)
  • Maxima
    create_list(abs(stirling1(n,k)),n,0,12,k,0,n); /* Emanuele Munarini, Mar 11 2011 */
    
  • PARI
    column(n,k) = my(v1, v2); v1 = vector(n-1, i, 0); v2 = vector(n, i, 0); v2[1] = 1; for(i=1, n-1, v1[i] = (i+k)*(i+k-1)/2*v2[i]; for(j=1, i-1, v1[j] *= (i-j)*(i+k)/(i-j+2)); v2[i+1] = vecsum(v1)/i); v2 \\ generates n first elements of the k-th column starting from the first nonzero element. - Mikhail Kurkov, Mar 05 2025

Formula

T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1)+(n-1)*T(n-1,k), n,k>=1; T(n,0)=T(0,k); T(0,0)=1.
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^(n-k) = A000012(n), A000142(n), A001147(n), A007559(n), A007696(n), A008548(n), A008542(n), A045754(n), A045755(n) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 13 2007
Expand 1/(1-t)^x = Sum_{n>=0}p(x,n)*t^n/n!; then the coefficients of the p(x,n) produce the triangle. - Roger L. Bagula, Apr 18 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*2^k*x^(n-k) = A000142(n+1), A000165(n), A008544(n), A001813(n), A047055(n), A047657(n), A084947(n), A084948(n), A084949(n) for x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 18 2008
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*3^k*x^(n-k) = A001710(n+2), A001147(n+1), A032031(n), A008545(n), A047056(n), A011781(n), A144739(n), A144756(n), A144758(n) for x=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 20 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*4^k*x^(n-k) = A001715(n+3), A002866(n+1), A007559(n+1), A047053(n), A008546(n), A049308(n), A144827(n), A144828(n), A144829(n) for x=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 21 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} x^k*T(n,k) = x*(1+x)*(2+x)*...*(n-1+x), n>=1. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 17 2008
From Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 21 2017: (Start)
E.g.f. k-th column: (-log(1 - x))^k, k >= 0.
E.g.f. triangle (see the Apr 18 2008 Baluga comment): exp(-x*log(1-z)).
E.g.f. a-sequence: x/(1 - exp(-x)). See A164555/A027642. The e.g.f. for the z-sequence is 0. (End)
From Wolfdieter Lang, May 28 2017: (Start)
The row polynomials R(n, x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*x^k, for n >= 0, are R(n, x) = risefac(x,n-1) := Product_{j=0..n-1} x+j, with the empty product for n=0 put to 1. See the Feb 21 2017 comment above. This implies:
T(n, k) = sigma^{(n-1)}_(n-k), for n >= k >= 1, with the elementary symmetric functions sigma^{(n-1)}_m of degree m in the n-1 symbols 1, 2, ..., n-1, with binomial(n-1, m) terms. See an example below.(End)
Boas-Buck type recurrence for column sequence k: T(n, k) = (n!*k/(n - k)) * Sum_{p=k..n-1} beta(n-1-p)*T(p, k)/p!, for n > k >= 0, with input T(k, k) = 1, and beta(k) = A002208(k+1)/A002209(k+1). See a comment and references in A286718. - Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 11 2017
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=k..n} j^(j-k)*binomial(j-1, k-1)*A354795(n,j) for n > 0. - Mélika Tebni, Mar 02 2023
n-th row polynomial: n!*Sum_{k = 0..2*n} (-1)^k*binomial(-x, k)*binomial(-x, 2*n-k) = n!*Sum_{k = 0..2*n} (-1)^k*binomial(1-x, k)*binomial(-x, 2*n-k). - Peter Bala, Mar 31 2024
From Mikhail Kurkov, Mar 05 2025: (Start)
For a general proof of the formulas below via generating functions, see Mathematics Stack Exchange link.
Recursion for the n-th row (independently of other rows): T(n,k) = 1/(n-k)*Sum_{j=2..n-k+1} binomial(-k,j)*T(n,k+j-1)*(-1)^j for 1 <= k < n with T(n,n) = 1.
Recursion for the k-th column (independently of other columns): T(n,k) = 1/(n-k)*Sum_{j=2..n-k+1} (j-2)!*binomial(n,j)*T(n-j+1,k) for 1 <= k < n with T(n,n) = 1 (see Fedor Petrov link). (End)

A008544 Triple factorial numbers: Product_{k=0..n-1} (3*k+2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 10, 80, 880, 12320, 209440, 4188800, 96342400, 2504902400, 72642169600, 2324549427200, 81359229952000, 3091650738176000, 126757680265216000, 5577337931669504000, 262134882788466688000
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org)

Keywords

Comments

a(n-1), n >= 1, enumerates increasing plane (aka ordered) trees with n vertices (one of them a root labeled 1) where each vertex with outdegree r >= 0 comes in r+1 types (like an (r+1)-ary vertex). See the increasing tree comments under A004747. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 12 2007
An example for the case of 3 vertices is shown below. For the enumeration of non-plane trees of this type see A029768. - Peter Bala, Aug 30 2011
a(n) is the product of the positive integers k <= 3*n that have k modulo 3 = 2. - Peter Luschny, Jun 23 2011
See A094638 for connections to differential operators. - Tom Copeland, Sep 20 2011
Partial products of A016789. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 20 2013
The Mathar conjecture is true. Generally from the factorial form, the last term is the "extra" product beyond the prior term, from k=n-1 and 3k+2 evaluates to 3*(n-1)+2 = 3n-1, yielding a(n) = a(n-1)*(3n-1) (eqn1). Similarly, a(n) = a(n-2)*(3n-1)*(3(n-2)+2) = a(n-2)*(3n-1)*(3n-4) (eqn2) and a(n) = a(n-3)*(3n-1)*(3n-4)*(3*(n-2)+2) = a(n-3)*(3n-1)*(3n-4)*(3n-7) (eqn3). We equate (eqn2) and (eqn3) to get a(n-2)*(3n-1)*(3n-4) = a(n-3)*(3n-1)*(3n-4)*(3n-7) or a(n-2)+(7-3n)*a(n-3) = 0 (eqn4). From (eqn1) we have a(n)+(1-3n)*a(n-1) = 0 (eqn5). Combining (eqn4) and (eqn5) yields a(n)+(1-3n)*a(n-1)+a(n-2)+(7-3n)*a(n-3) = 0. - Bill McEachen, Jan 01 2016
a(n-1), n>=1, is the dimension of the n-th component of the operad encoding the multilinearization of the following identity in nonassociative algebras: s*(a,a,b)-(s+t)*(a,b,a)+t*(b,a,a)=0, for any given pair of scalars (s,t). Here (a,b,c) is the associator (ab)c-a(bc). This is proved in the referenced article on associator dependent algebras by Bremner and me. - Vladimir Dotsenko, Mar 22 2022

Examples

			a(2) = 10 from the described trees with 3 vertices: there are three trees with a root vertex (label 1) with outdegree r=2 (like the three 3-stars each with one different ray missing) and the four trees with a root (r=1 and label 1) a vertex with (r=1) and a leaf (r=0). Assigning labels 2 and 3 yields 2*3+4=10 such trees.
a(2) = 10. The 10 possible plane increasing trees on 3 vertices, where vertices of outdegree 1 come in 2 colors (denoted a or b) and vertices of outdegree 2 come in 3 colors (a, b or c), are:
.
   1a    1b    1a    1b        1a       1b       1c
   |     |     |     |        / \      / \      / \
   2a    2b    2b    2a      2   3    2   3    2   3
   |     |     |     |
   3     3     3     3         1a       1b       1c
                              / \      / \      / \
                             3   2    3   2    3   2
		

Crossrefs

a(n) = A004747(n+1, 1) (first column of triangle). Cf. A051141.
Cf. A225470, A290596 (first columns).
Subsequence of A007661.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a008544 n = a008544_list !! n
    a008544_list = scanl (*) 1 a016789_list
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 20 2013
    
  • Magma
    [Round((Gamma(2*n-5/3)/Gamma(n-5/6)*Gamma(2/3)/Gamma(5/6) )/ Sqrt(3)*3^n/4^(n-1)): n in [1..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 21 2015
    
  • Magma
    [Round(3^n*Gamma(n+2/3)/Gamma(2/3)): n in [0..20]]; // G. C. Greubel, Mar 31 2019
  • Maple
    a := n -> mul(3*k-1, k = 1..n);
    A008544 := n -> mul(k, k = select(k-> k mod 3 = 2, [$1 .. 3*n])): seq(A008544(n), n = 0 .. 16); # Peter Luschny, Jun 23 2011
  • Mathematica
    k = 3; b[1]=2; b[n_]:= b[n] = b[n-1]+k; a[0]=1; a[1]=2; a[n_]:= a[n] = a[n-1]*b[n]; Table[a[n], {n,0,20}] (* Roger L. Bagula, Sep 17 2008 *)
    Product[3 k + 2, {k, 0, # - 1}] & /@ Range[0, 16] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jan 02 2016 *)
    Table[3^n*Pochhammer[2/3, n], {n,0,20}] (* G. C. Greubel, Mar 31 2019 *)
  • Maxima
    a(n):=((n)!*sum(binomial(k,n-k)*binomial(n+k,k)*3^(-n+k)*(-1)^(n-k),k,floor(n/2),n)); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Sep 28 2013 */
    
  • PARI
    a(n) = prod(k=0,n-1, 3*k+2 );
    
  • PARI
    vector(20, n, n--; round(3^n*gamma(n+2/3)/gamma(2/3))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Mar 31 2019
    
  • Sage
    @CachedFunction
    def A008544(n): return 1 if n == 0 else (3*n-1)*A008544(n-1)
    [A008544(n) for n in (0..16)]  # Peter Luschny, May 20 2013
    
  • Sage
    [3^n*rising_factorial(2/3, n) for n in (0..20)] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 31 2019
    

Formula

a(n) = Product_{k=0..n-1} (3*k+2) = A007661(3*n-1) (with A007661(-1) = 1).
E.g.f.: (1-3*x)^(-2/3).
a(n) = 2*A034000(n), n >= 1, a(0) = 1.
a(n) ~ 2^(1/2)*Pi^(1/2)*Gamma(2/3)^-1*n^(1/6)*3^n*e^-n*n^n*{1 - 1/36*n^-1 + ...}. - Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org), Nov 22 2001
a(n) = (Gamma(2*n-5/3)/Gamma(n-5/6)*Gamma(2/3)/Gamma(5/6))/sqrt(3)*3^n/4^(n-1). - Jeremy L. Martin, Mar 31 2002 (typo fixed by Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 21 2015)
From Daniel Dockery (peritus(AT)gmail.com), Jun 13 2003: (Start)
a(n) = A084939(n)/A000142(n)*A000079(n).
a(n) = 3^n*Pochhammer(2/3, n) = 3^n*Gamma(n+2/3)/Gamma(2/3). (End)
Let T = A094638 and c(t) = column vector(1, t, t^2, t^3, t^4, t^5,...), then A008544 = unsigned [ T * c(-3) ] and the list partition transform A133314 of [1,T * c(-3)] gives [1,T * c(3)] with all odd terms negated, which equals a signed version of A007559; i.e., LPT[(1,signed A008544)] = signed A007559. Also LPT[A007559] = (1,-A008544) and e.g.f. [1,T * c(t)] = (1-x*t)^(-1/t) for t = 3 or -3. Analogous results hold for the double factorial, quadruple factorial and so on. - Tom Copeland, Dec 22 2007
G.f.: 1/(1-2x/(1-3x/(1-5x/(1-6x/(1-8x/(1-9x/(1-11x/(1-12x/(1-...))))))))) (continued fraction). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 08 2012
a(n) = (-1)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} 3^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
G.f.: 1/Q(0) where Q(k) = 1 - x*(3*k+2)/(1 - x*(3*k+3)/Q(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Mar 20 2013
G.f.: G(0)/2, where G(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x*(3*k+2)/(x*(3*k+2) + 1/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 25 2013
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) = (9*(n-2)*(n-1)+2)*a(n-2) + 4*a(n-1), n>=2. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Aug 09 2013
a(n) = n!*Sum_{k=floor(n/2)..n} binomial(k,n-k)*binomial(n+k,k)*3^(-n+k)*(-1)^(n-k). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Sep 28 2013
Recurrence equation: a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + (3*n - 4)^2*a(n-2) with a(0) = 1 and a(1) = 2. A024396 satisfies the same recurrence (but with different initial conditions). This observation leads to a continued fraction expansion for the constant A193534 due to Euler. - Peter Bala, Feb 20 2015
a(n) = A225470(n, 0), n >= 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, May 29 2017
G.f.: Hypergeometric2F0(1, 2/3; -; 3*x). - G. C. Greubel, Mar 31 2019
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) + (-3*n+1)*a(n-1)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 17 2020
G.f.: 1/(1-2*x-6*x^2/(1-8*x-30*x^2/(1-14*x-72*x^2/(1-20*x-132*x^2/(1-...))))) (Jacobi continued fraction). - Nikolaos Pantelidis, Feb 28 2020
G.f.: 1/G(0), where G(k) = 1 - (6*k+2)*x - 3*(k+1)*(3*k+2)*x^2/G(k+1). - Nikolaos Pantelidis, Feb 28 2020
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 1 + (e/3)^(1/3) * (Gamma(2/3) - Gamma(2/3, 1/3)). - Amiram Eldar, Mar 01 2022

A085158 Sextuple factorials, 6-factorials, n!!!!!!, n!6.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 27, 40, 55, 72, 91, 224, 405, 640, 935, 1296, 1729, 4480, 8505, 14080, 21505, 31104, 43225, 116480, 229635, 394240, 623645, 933120, 1339975, 3727360, 7577955, 13404160, 21827575, 33592320, 49579075, 141639680
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Hugo Pfoertner, Jun 21 2003

Keywords

Comments

The term "Sextuple factorial numbers" is also used for the sequences A008542, A008543, A011781, A047058, A047657, A049308, which have a different definition. The definition given here is the one commonly used.

Examples

			a(14) = 224 because 14*a(14-6) = 14*a(8) = 14*16 = 224.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. n!:A000142, n!!:A006882, n!!!:A007661, n!!!!:A007662, n!!!!!:A085157, 6-factorial primes: n!!!!!!+1:A085150, n!!!!!!-1:A051592.
Cf. A288093.

Programs

  • GAP
    a:= function(n)
        if n<1 then return 1;
        else return n*a(n-6);
        fi;
      end;
    List([0..40], n-> a(n) ); # G. C. Greubel, Aug 21 2019
  • Magma
    b:=func< n | n le 6 select n else n*Self(n-6) >;
    [1] cat [b(n): n in [1..40]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 21 2019
    
  • Maple
    a:= n-> `if`(n<1, 1, n*a(n-6)); seq(a(n), n=0..40); # G. C. Greubel, Aug 21 2019
  • Mathematica
    Table[Times@@Range[n,1,-6],{n,0,40}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 10 2019 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=if(n<1, 1, n*a(n-6));
    vector(40, n, n--; a(n) ) \\ G. C. Greubel, Aug 21 2019
    
  • Sage
    def a(n):
        if (n<1): return 1
        else: return n*a(n-6)
    [a(n) for n in (0..40)] # G. C. Greubel, Aug 21 2019
    

Formula

a(n)=1 for n < 1, otherwise a(n) = n*a(n-6).
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = A288093. - Amiram Eldar, Nov 10 2020

A008543 Sextuple factorial numbers: Product_{k=0..n-1} (6*k + 5).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 55, 935, 21505, 623645, 21827575, 894930575, 42061737025, 2229272062325, 131527051677175, 8549258359016375, 606997343490162625, 46738795448742522125, 3879320022245629336375, 345259481979861010937375, 32799650788086796039050625, 3312764729596766399944113125
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org)

Keywords

Crossrefs

a(n) = A013988(n+1, 1) (first column of triangle).

Programs

  • Magma
    [Round(6^n*Gamma(n+5/6)/Gamma(5/6)): n in [0..20]]; // G. C. Greubel, Dec 03 2019
    
  • Maple
    f := n->product( (6*k-1),k=0..n);
  • Mathematica
    FoldList[Times,1,6Range[0,15]+5]  (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 20 2011 *)
    Table[6^n*Pochhammer[5/6, n], {n, 0, 20}] (* G. C. Greubel, Dec 03 2019 *)
    CoefficientList[Series[(1 - 6x)^(-5/6), {x, 0, 20}], x] Range[0, 20]! (* Nikolaos Pantelidis, Jan 31 2023 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=prod(k=1,n,6*k-1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 17 2011
    
  • Sage
    [6^n*rising_factorial(5/6, n) for n in (0..20)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 03 2019

Formula

a(n) = 5*A034787(n) = (6*n-1)(!^6), n >= 1, a(0) := 1.
E.g.f.: (1 - 6*x)^(-5/6).
a(n) ~ 2^(1/2)*Pi^(1/2)*Gamma(5/6)^-1*n^(1/3)*6^n*e^-n*n^n*(1 + (1/72)*n^-1 + ...). - Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org), Nov 24 2001
G.f.: 1/(1-5x/(1-6x/(1-11x/(1-12x/(1-17x/(1-18x/(1-23x/(1-24x/(1-... (continued fraction). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 08 2012
a(n) = (-1)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} 6^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
G.f.: (1 - 1/Q(0))/x where Q(k) = 1 - x*(6*k-1)/(1 - x*(6*k+6)/Q(k+1)); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Mar 20 2013
a(n) = 6^n * Gamma(n+5/6) / Gamma(5/6). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 28 2015
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) +(-6*n+1)*a(n-1)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 17 2020
From Nikolaos Pantelidis, May 22 2022: (Start)
G.f.: 1/G(0), where G(k) = 1 - (12*k+5)*x - 6*(k+1)*(6*k+5)*x^2/G(k+1) (a continued fraction);
which starts 1/(1-5*x-30*x^2/(1-17*x-132*x^2/(1-29*x-306*x^2/(1-41*x-552*x^2/(1-53*x-870*x^2/(1-65*x-1260*x^2/(1-...))))))) (a Jacobi continued fraction).
(End)
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 1 + (e/6)^(1/6)*(Gamma(5/6) - Gamma(5/6, 1/6)). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 18 2022

A256890 Triangle T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = x + 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 4, 12, 4, 8, 52, 52, 8, 16, 196, 416, 196, 16, 32, 684, 2644, 2644, 684, 32, 64, 2276, 14680, 26440, 14680, 2276, 64, 128, 7340, 74652, 220280, 220280, 74652, 7340, 128, 256, 23172, 357328, 1623964, 2643360, 1623964, 357328, 23172, 256, 512, 72076, 1637860, 10978444, 27227908, 27227908, 10978444, 1637860, 72076, 512
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Dale Gerdemann, Apr 12 2015

Keywords

Comments

Related triangles may be found by varying the function f(x). If f(x) is a linear function, it can be parameterized as f(x) = a*x + b. With different values for a and b, the following triangles are obtained:
a\b 1.......2.......3.......4.......5.......6
The row sums of these, and similarly constructed number triangles, are shown in the following table:
a\b 1.......2.......3.......4.......5.......6.......7.......8.......9
The formula can be further generalized to: t(n,m) = f(m+s)*t(n-1,m) + f(n-s)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = a*x + b. The following table specifies triangles with nonzero values for s (given after the slash).
a\b 0 1 2 3
-2 A130595/1
-1
0
With the absolute value, f(x) = |x|, one obtains A038221/3, A038234/4, A038247/5, A038260/6, A038273/7, A038286/8, A038299/9 (with value for s after the slash).
If f(x) = A000045(x) (Fibonacci) and s = 1, the result is A010048 (Fibonomial).
In the notation of Carlitz and Scoville, this is the triangle of generalized Eulerian numbers A(r, s | alpha, beta) with alpha = beta = 2. Also the array A(2,1,4) in the notation of Hwang et al. (see page 31). - Peter Bala, Dec 27 2019

Examples

			Array, t(n, k), begins as:
   1,    2,      4,        8,        16,         32,          64, ...;
   2,   12,     52,      196,       684,       2276,        7340, ...;
   4,   52,    416,     2644,     14680,      74652,      357328, ...;
   8,  196,   2644,    26440,    220280,    1623964,    10978444, ...;
  16,  684,  14680,   220280,   2643360,   27227908,   251195000, ...;
  32, 2276,  74652,  1623964,  27227908,  381190712,  4677894984, ...;
  64, 7340, 357328, 10978444, 251195000, 4677894984, 74846319744, ...;
Triangle, T(n, k), begins as:
    1;
    2,     2;
    4,    12,      4;
    8,    52,     52,       8;
   16,   196,    416,     196,      16;
   32,   684,   2644,    2644,     684,      32;
   64,  2276,  14680,   26440,   14680,    2276,     64;
  128,  7340,  74652,  220280,  220280,   74652,   7340,   128;
  256, 23172, 357328, 1623964, 2643360, 1623964, 357328, 23172,   256;
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Magma
    A256890:= func< n,k | (&+[(-1)^(k-j)*Binomial(j+3,j)*Binomial(n+4,k-j)*(j+2)^n: j in [0..k]]) >;
    [A256890(n,k): k in [0..n], n in [0..10]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 18 2022
    
  • Mathematica
    Table[Sum[(-1)^(k-j)*Binomial[j+3, j] Binomial[n+4, k-j] (j+2)^n, {j,0,k}], {n,0, 9}, {k,0,n}]//Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 27 2019 *)
  • PARI
    t(n,m) = if ((n<0) || (m<0), 0, if ((n==0) && (m==0), 1, (m+2)*t(n-1, m) + (n+2)*t(n, m-1)));
    tabl(nn) = {for (n=0, nn, for (k=0, n, print1(t(n-k, k), ", ");); print(););} \\ Michel Marcus, Apr 14 2015
    
  • SageMath
    def A256890(n,k): return sum((-1)^(k-j)*Binomial(j+3,j)*Binomial(n+4,k-j)*(j+2)^n for j in range(k+1))
    flatten([[A256890(n,k) for k in range(n+1)] for n in range(11)]) # G. C. Greubel, Oct 18 2022

Formula

T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(0,0) = 1, t(n,m) = 0 if n < 0 or m < 0 else t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = x + 2.
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k) = A001715(n).
T(n,k) = Sum_{j = 0..k} (-1)^(k-j)*binomial(j+3,j)*binomial(n+4,k-j)*(j+2)^n. - Peter Bala, Dec 27 2019
Modified rule of Pascal: T(0,0) = 1, T(n,k) = 0 if k < 0 or k > n else T(n,k) = f(n-k) * T(n-1,k-1) + f(k) * T(n-1,k), where f(x) = x + 2. - Georg Fischer, Nov 11 2021
From G. C. Greubel, Oct 18 2022: (Start)
T(n, n-k) = T(n, k).
T(n, 0) = A000079(n). (End)

A011781 Sextuple factorial numbers: a(n) = Product_{k=0..n-1} (6*k+3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 27, 405, 8505, 229635, 7577955, 295540245, 13299311025, 678264862275, 38661097149675, 2435649120429525, 168059789309637225, 12604484198222791875, 1020963220056046141875, 88823800144876014343125, 8260613413473469333910625, 817800727933873464057151875
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Lee D. Killough (killough(AT)wagner.convex.com)

Keywords

Comments

Total number of Eulerian circuits in rooted labeled multigraphs with n edges. - Valery A. Liskovets, Apr 07 2002
Number of self-avoiding planar walks starting at (0,0), ending at (n,0), remaining in the east quadrant {(x,y): x >= |y|} and using steps (0,1), (0,-1), (1,1), (-1,-1), and (1,0). - Alois P. Heinz, Oct 13 2016

Examples

			G.f. = 1 + 3*x + 27*x^2 + 405*x^3 + 8505*x^4 + 229635*x^5 + 7577955*x^6 + ...
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • GAP
    F:=Factorial;; List([0..20], n-> (3/2)^n*(F(2*n)/F(n)) ); # G. C. Greubel, Aug 20 2019
  • Magma
    [(3/2)^n*Factorial(2*n)/Factorial(n):n in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 09 2012
    
  • Mathematica
    Table[Product[6k+3,{k,0,n-1}],{n,0,20}] (* or *) Table[6^(n-1) Pochhammer[ 1/2,n-1],{n,21}] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 09 2012 *)
    Table[6^n*Pochhammer[1/2, n], {n,0,20}] (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 20 2019 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<0, (-1)^n / a(-n), (3/2)^n * (2*n)! / n!)}; /* Michael Somos, Feb 10 2002, revised and extended Michael Somos, Jan 06 2017 */
    
  • Sage
    [6^n*rising_factorial(1/2, n) for n in (0..20)] # G. C. Greubel, Aug 20 2019
    

Formula

E.g.f.: (1-6*x)^(-1/2).
a(n) = 3^n*(2*n-1)!!.
G.f.: 1/(1-3*x/(1-6*x/(1-9*x/(1-12*x/(1-15*x/(1-18*x/(1-21*x/(1-24*x/(1-... (continued fraction). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 08 2012
a(n) = (-3)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} 2^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. [Mircea Merca, May 03 2012]
G.f.: T(0), where T(k) = 1 - 3*x*(k+1)/( 3*x*(k+1) - 1/T(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 24 2013
a(n) = 6^n * gamma(n + 1/2) / sqrt(Pi). - Daniel Suteu, Jan 06 2017
0 = a(n)*(+6*a(n+1) - a(n+2)) + a(n+1)*(+a(n+1)) and a(n) = (-1)^n / a(-n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Jan 06 2017
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) +3*(-2*n+1)*a(n-1)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 20 2018
From Amiram Eldar, Feb 11 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 1 + exp(1/6)*sqrt(Pi/6)*erf(1/sqrt(6)), where erf is the error function.
Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n/a(n) = 1 - exp(-1/6)*sqrt(Pi/6)*erfi(1/sqrt(6)), where erfi is the imaginary error function. (End)

A144828 Partial products of successive terms of A017113; a(0)=1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 48, 960, 26880, 967680, 42577920, 2214051840, 132843110400, 9033331507200, 686533194547200, 57668788341964800, 5305528527460761600, 530552852746076160000, 57299708096576225280000, 6646766139202842132480000, 824199001261152424427520000, 108794268166472120024432640000
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Philippe Deléham, Sep 21 2008

Keywords

Comments

a(n) is the number of signed permutations of length 4n that are equal to their reverse-inverses. Note that the reverse-inverse of a permutation is equivalent to a 90-degree rotation of the permutation's diagram (see the Hardt and Troyka link). - Justin M. Troyka, Aug 11 2011
Define the bar operation as an operation on signed permutation that flips the sign of each entry. Then a(n) is the number of signed permutations of length 2n that are equal to the bar of their inverses and equal to their reverse-complements (see the Hardt and Troyka link). - Justin M. Troyka, Aug 11 2011

Examples

			a(0)=1, a(1)=4, a(2)=4*12=48, a(3)=4*12*20=960, a(4)=4*12*20*28=26880, ...
Since a(1) = 4, there are 4 signed permutations of 4 that are equal to their reverse-inverses.  These are: (+2,+4,+1,+3), (+3,+1,+4,+2), (-2,-4,-1,-3), (-3,-1,-4,-2). - _Justin M. Troyka_, Aug 11 2011
G.f. = 1 + 4*x + 48*x^2 + 960*x^3 + 26880*x^4 + 967680*x^5 + 42577920*x^6 + ...
		

Crossrefs

Essentially the same as A052714. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 03 2013
Sequences of the form m^(n-1)*n!*Catalan(n-1): A001813 (m=1), A052714 (or this sequence) (m=2), A221954 (m=3), A052734 (m=4), A221953 (m=5), A221955 (m=6).

Programs

  • Magma
    [2^k *Factorial(2*k) / Factorial(k): k in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 11 2011
    
  • Maple
    A144828:= n-> 2^n*n!*binomial(2*n,n); seq(A144828(n), n=0..30); # G. C. Greubel, Apr 02 2021
  • Mathematica
    Table[4^n (2 n - 1)!!, {n, 0, 15}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, May 14 2015 *)
    Join[{1},FoldList[Times,(8*Range[0,20]+4)]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 01 2015 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=binomial(2*n,n)*n!<Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 17 2012
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<0, (-1)^n / a(-n), 2^n *(2*n)! / n!)}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 06 2017 */
    
  • Sage
    [2^n*factorial(n+1)*catalan_number(n) for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Apr 02 2021

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A132393(n,k)*4^k*8^(n-k).
a(n) = A052714(n+1). - R. J. Mathar, Oct 01 2008
a(n) = 2^n *(2*n)! / n!. - Justin M. Troyka, Aug 11 2011
G.f.: 1/(1-4x/(1-8x/(1-12x/(1-16x/(1-20x/(1-24x/(1-28x/(1-32x/(1-... (continued fraction). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 07 2012
a(n) = (-4)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} 2^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
E.g.f.: 1/sqrt(1-8*x). - Philippe Deléham, May 14 2015
a(n) = 4^n * A001147(n). - Philippe Deléham, May 14 2015
a(n) = 8^n * Gamma(n + 1/2) / sqrt(Pi). - Daniel Suteu, Jan 06 2017
0 = a(n)*(8*a(n+1) - a(n+2)) + a(n+1)*(+a(n+1)) and a(n) = (-1)^n / a(-n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Jan 06 2017
a(n) = 2^n * (n+1)! * Catalan(n). - G. C. Greubel, Apr 02 2021
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 1 + e^(1/8)*sqrt(Pi)*erf(1/(2*sqrt(2)))/(2*sqrt(2)), where erf is the error function. - Amiram Eldar, Dec 20 2022

A144827 Partial products of successive terms of A017029; a(0)=1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 44, 792, 19800, 633600, 24710400, 1136678400, 60243955200, 3614637312000, 242180699904000, 17921371792896000, 1451631115224576000, 127743538139762688000, 12135636123277455360000, 1237834884574300446720000, 134924002418598748692480000, 15651184280557454848327680000
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Philippe Deléham, Sep 21 2008

Keywords

Examples

			a(0)=1, a(1)=4, a(2)=4*11=44, a(3)=4*11*18=792, a(4)=4*11*18*25=19800, ...
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Magma
    [ 1 ] cat [ &*[ (7*k+4): k in [0..n] ]: n in [0..14] ]; // Klaus Brockhaus, Nov 10 2008
    
  • Mathematica
    FoldList[Times,1,Range[4,150,7]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 25 2014 *)
  • SageMath
    [1]+[4*7^(n-1)*rising_factorial(11/7, n-1) for n in (1..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Feb 22 2022

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A132393(n,k)*4^k*7^(n-k).
G.f.: 1/(1-4*x/(1-7*x/(1-11*x/(1-14*x/(1-18*x/(1-21*x/(1-25*x/(1-... (continued fraction). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 08 2012
a(n) = (-3)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} (7/3)^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Mar 23 2017: (Start)
E.g.f.: 1/(1 - 7*x)^(4/7).
a(n) ~ sqrt(2*Pi)*7^n*n^(n+1/14)/(exp(n)*Gamma(4/7)). (End)
a(n) = 4*7^(n-1)*Pochhammer(n-1, 11/7) with a(0) = 1. - G. C. Greubel, Feb 22 2022
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 1 + (e/7^3)^(1/7)*(Gamma(4/7) - Gamma(4/7, 1/7)). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 19 2022

Extensions

Corrected a(9) by Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 14 2011

A257616 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = 6*x + 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 4, 32, 4, 8, 312, 312, 8, 16, 2656, 8736, 2656, 16, 32, 21664, 175424, 175424, 21664, 32, 64, 174336, 3019200, 7016960, 3019200, 174336, 64, 128, 1397120, 47847552, 218838400, 218838400, 47847552, 1397120, 128, 256, 11182592, 722956288, 5907889664, 11379596800, 5907889664, 722956288, 11182592, 256
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Dale Gerdemann, May 09 2015

Keywords

Examples

			Triangle begins as:
    1;
    2,       2;
    4,      32,        4;
    8,     312,      312,         8;
   16,    2656,     8736,      2656,        16;
   32,   21664,   175424,    175424,     21664,       32;
   64,  174336,  3019200,   7016960,   3019200,   174336,      64;
  128, 1397120, 47847552, 218838400, 218838400, 47847552, 1397120, 128;
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000079, A049308 (row sums), A142461, A257625.
Similar sequences listed in A256890.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    T[n_, k_, a_, b_]:= T[n, k, a, b]= If[k<0 || k>n, 0, If[n==0, 1, (a*(n-k)+b)*T[n-1, k-1, a, b] + (a*k+b)*T[n-1, k, a, b]]];
    Table[T[n,k,6,2], {n,0,12}, {k,0,n}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Mar 21 2022 *)
  • Sage
    def T(n,k,a,b): # A257610
        if (k<0 or k>n): return 0
        elif (n==0): return 1
        else: return  (a*k+b)*T(n-1,k,a,b) + (a*(n-k)+b)*T(n-1,k-1,a,b)
    flatten([[T(n,k,6,2) for k in (0..n)] for n in (0..12)]) # G. C. Greubel, Mar 21 2022

Formula

T(n,k) = t(n-k, k); t(0,0) = 1, t(n,m) = 0 if n < 0 or m < 0, else t(n,m) = f(m)*t(n-1,m) + f(n)*t(n,m-1), where f(x) = 6*x + 2.
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k) = A049308(n).
From G. C. Greubel, Mar 21 2022: (Start)
T(n, k) = (a*k + b)*T(n-1, k) + (a*(n-k) + b)*T(n-1, k-1), with T(n, 0) = 1, a = 6, and b = 2.
T(n, n-k) = T(n, k).
T(n, 0) = A000079(n).
T(n, 1) = (2^n/3)*(2^(2*n+1) - (3*n+2)). (End)

A144829 Partial products of successive terms of A017209; a(0)=1 .

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 52, 1144, 35464, 1418560, 69509440, 4031547520, 270113683840, 20528639971840, 1744934397606400, 164023833375001600, 16894454837625164800, 1892178941814018457600, 228953651959496233369600, 29763974754734510338048000, 4137192490908096936988672000
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Philippe Deléham, Sep 21 2008

Keywords

Examples

			a(0)=1, a(1)=4, a(2)=4*13=52, a(3)=4*13*22=1144, a(4)=4*13*22*31=35464, ...
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Magma
    [n le 2 select 4^(n-1) else (9*n-14)*Self(n-1): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, May 26 2022
    
  • Mathematica
    Table[4*9^(n-1)*Pochhammer[13/9, n-1], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 29 2021 *)
  • PARI
    a(n) = (-5)^n*sum(k=0, n, (9/5)^k*stirling(n+1,n+1-k, 1)); \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 20 2015
    
  • SageMath
    [9^n*rising_factorial(4/9, n) for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, May 26 2022

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A132393(n,k)*4^k*9^(n-k).
a(n) = (-5)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} (9/5)^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
a(n) + (5-9*n)*a(n-1) = 0. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 04 2016
From Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 29 2021: (Start)
a(n) = 9^n * Gamma(n + 4/9) / Gamma(4/9).
a(n) ~ sqrt(2*Pi) * 9^n * n^(n - 1/18) / (Gamma(4/9) * exp(n)). (End)
From G. C. Greubel, May 26 2022: (Start)
G.f.: hypergeometric2F0([1, 4/9], [], 9*x).
E.g.f.: (1-9*x)^(-4/9). (End)
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 1 + (e/9^5)^(1/9)*(Gamma(4/9) - Gamma(4/9, 1/9)). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 21 2022

Extensions

a(9) originally given incorrectly as 20520639971840 corrected by Peter Bala, Feb 20 2015
Showing 1-10 of 10 results.