A085565 -id:A085565 - cp's OEIS frontend

A378013 Decimal expansion of A^2, where A is the lemniscate constant (A085565).

1, 7, 1, 8, 7, 9, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 0, 5, 0, 9, 3, 2, 0, 6, 8, 7, 2, 5, 2, 3, 9, 4, 4, 9, 5, 2, 6, 3, 9, 2, 9, 9, 4, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 9, 5, 4, 7, 9, 0, 2, 2, 4, 0, 6, 8, 6, 2, 1, 9, 7, 2, 8, 8, 4, 0, 0, 0, 8, 1, 9, 9, 0, 0, 2, 7, 8, 9, 1, 3, 1, 4, 5, 0, 7, 9, 1, 8, 9, 4, 0, 5, 3, 2, 5, 6, 9, 2

Offset: 1

Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 14 2024

			1.71879645450509320687252394495...

Cf. A085565.

C := ComplexField(); [(Gamma(1/4)^2/(4*Sqrt(2*Pi(C))))^2];

Mathematica

RealDigits[EllipticK[-1]^2,10,100][[1]]

PARI

ellK(I)^2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 05 2025

Formula

Equals A085565^2.

Equals Gamma(1/4)^4 / (32*Pi). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 14 2024

A000796 Decimal expansion of Pi (or digits of Pi).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5, 8, 9, 7, 9, 3, 2, 3, 8, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 3, 3, 8, 3, 2, 7, 9, 5, 0, 2, 8, 8, 4, 1, 9, 7, 1, 6, 9, 3, 9, 9, 3, 7, 5, 1, 0, 5, 8, 2, 0, 9, 7, 4, 9, 4, 4, 5, 9, 2, 3, 0, 7, 8, 1, 6, 4, 0, 6, 2, 8, 6, 2, 0, 8, 9, 9, 8, 6, 2, 8, 0, 3, 4, 8, 2, 5, 3, 4, 2, 1, 1, 7, 0, 6, 7, 9, 8, 2, 1, 4

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Sometimes called Archimedes's constant.
Ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.
Also area of a circle with radius 1.
Also surface area of a sphere with diameter 1.
A useful mnemonic for remembering the first few terms: How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics ...
Also ratio of surface area of sphere to one of the faces of the circumscribed cube. Also ratio of volume of a sphere to one of the six inscribed pyramids in the circumscribed cube. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 09 2012
Also surface area of a quarter of a sphere of radius 1. - Omar E. Pol, Oct 03 2013
Also the area under the peak-shaped even function f(x)=1/cosh(x). Proof: for the upper half of the integral, write f(x) = (2*exp(-x))/(1+exp(-2x)) = 2*Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^k*exp(-(2k+1)*x) and integrate term by term from zero to infinity. The result is twice the Gregory series for Pi/4. - Stanislav Sykora, Oct 31 2013
A curiosity: a 144 X 144 magic square of 7th powers was recently constructed by Toshihiro Shirakawa. The magic sum = 3141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105, which is the concatenation of the first 52 digits of Pi. See the MultiMagic Squares link for details. - Christian Boyer, Dec 13 2013 [Comment revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 27 2014]
x*Pi is also the surface area of a sphere whose diameter equals the square root of x. - Omar E. Pol, Dec 25 2013
Also diameter of a sphere whose surface area equals the volume of the circumscribed cube. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 13 2014
From Daniel Forgues, Mar 20 2015: (Start)
An interesting anecdote about the base-10 representation of Pi, with 3 (integer part) as first (index 1) digit:
  358 0
  359 3
  360 6
  361 0
  362 0
And the circle is customarily subdivided into 360 degrees (although Pi radians yields half the circle)...
(End)
Sometimes referred to as Archimedes's constant, because the Greek mathematician computed lower and upper bounds of Pi by drawing regular polygons inside and outside a circle. In Germany it was called the Ludolphian number until the early 20th century after the Dutch mathematician Ludolph van Ceulen (1540-1610), who calculated up to 35 digits of Pi in the late 16th century. - Martin Renner, Sep 07 2016
As of the beginning of 2019 more than 22 trillion decimal digits of Pi are known. See the Wikipedia article "Chronology of computation of Pi". - Harvey P. Dale, Jan 23 2019
On March 14, 2019, Emma Haruka Iwao announced the calculation of 31.4 trillion digits of Pi using Google Cloud's infrastructure. - David Radcliffe, Apr 10 2019
Also volume of three quarters of a sphere of radius 1. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 16 2019
On August 5, 2021, researchers from the University of Applied Sciences of the Grisons in Switzerland announced they had calculated 62.8 trillion digits. Guinness World Records has not verified this yet. - Alonso del Arte, Aug 23 2021
The Hermite-Lindemann (1882) theorem states, that if z is a nonzero algebraic number, then e^z is a transcendent number. The transcendence of Pi then results from Euler's relation: e^(i*Pi) = -1. - Peter Luschny, Jul 21 2023
The 10000 words of the book "Not A Wake" by Michael Keith, written in Pilish, match in length the first 10000 digits of Pi. - Paolo Xausa, Aug 07 2025

			3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062\
862089986280348253421170679821480865132823066470938446095505822317253594081\
284811174502841027019385211055596446229489549303819...

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J. Arndt & C. Haenel, Pi Unleashed, Springer NY 2001.
P. Beckmann, A History of Pi, Golem Press, Boulder, CO, 1977.
Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematical Notations, Dover edition (2012), par. 396.
John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See pp. 24, 237-239.
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David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, Revised edition 1987. See pp. 48-55.

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000
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Harry Baker, "Pi calculated to a record-breaking 62.8 trillion digits", Live Science, August 17, 2021.
Steve Baker and Thomas Moore, 100 trillion digits of pi
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J. M. Borwein, Talking about Pi
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Christian Boyer, MultiMagic Squares
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Eureka, Tout pi or not tout pi
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L. Grebelius, Approximation of Pi: First 1000000 digits
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Sizes, pi
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Index entries for sequences related to the number Pi
Index entries for "core" sequences
Index entries for transcendental numbers

Cf. A001203 (continued fraction).
Pi in base b: A004601 (b=2), A004602 (b=3), A004603 (b=4), A004604 (b=5), A004605 (b=6), A004606 (b=7), A006941 (b=8), A004608 (b=9), this sequence (b=10), A068436 (b=11), A068437 (b=12), A068438 (b=13), A068439 (b=14), A068440 (b=15), A062964 (b=16), A224750 (b=26), A224751 (b=27), A060707 (b=60). - Jason Kimberley, Dec 06 2012
Decimal expansions of expressions involving Pi: A002388 (Pi^2), A003881 (Pi/4), A013661 (Pi^2/6), A019692 (2*Pi=tau), A019727 (sqrt(2*Pi)), A059956 (6/Pi^2), A060294 (2/Pi), A091925 (Pi^3), A092425 (Pi^4), A092731 (Pi^5), A092732 (Pi^6), A092735 (Pi^7), A092736 (Pi^8), A163973 (Pi/log(2)).
Cf. A001901 (Pi/2; Wallis), A002736 (Pi^2/18; Euler), A007514 (Pi), A048581 (Pi; BBP), A054387 (Pi; Newton), A092798 (Pi/2), A096954 (Pi/4; Machin), A097486 (Pi), A122214 (Pi/2), A133766 (Pi/4 - 1/2), A133767 (5/6 - Pi/4), A166107 (Pi; MGL).
Cf. A001622, A048940, A248682.

-- see link: Literate Programs
import Data.Char (digitToInt)
a000796 n = a000796_list (n + 1) !! (n + 1)
a000796_list len = map digitToInt $ show $ machin' `div` (10 ^ 10) where
   machin' = 4 * (4 * arccot 5 unity - arccot 239 unity)
   unity = 10 ^ (len + 10)
   arccot x unity = arccot' x unity 0 (unity `div` x) 1 1 where
     arccot' x unity summa xpow n sign
      | term == 0 = summa
      | otherwise = arccot'
        x unity (summa + sign * term) (xpow `div` x ^ 2) (n + 2) (- sign)
      where term = xpow `div` n
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 24 2012

-- See Niemeijer link and also Gibbons link.
a000796 n = a000796_list !! (n-1) :: Int
a000796_list = map fromInteger $ piStream (1, 0, 1)
   [(n, a*d, d) | (n, d, a) <- map (\k -> (k, 2 * k + 1, 2)) [1..]] where
   piStream z xs'@(x:xs)
     | lb /= approx z 4 = piStream (mult z x) xs
     | otherwise = lb : piStream (mult (10, -10 * lb, 1) z) xs'
     where lb = approx z 3
           approx (a, b, c) n = div (a * n + b) c
           mult (a, b, c) (d, e, f) = (a * d, a * e + b * f, c * f)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 14 2013, Jun 12 2013

py(x) := if equal(6,6+x^2) then 2*x else (py(x:x/3),3*%%-4*(%%-x)^3); py(3.); py(dfloat(%)); block([bfprecision:35], py(bfloat(%))) /* Bill Gosper, Sep 09 2002 */

pi:=Pi(RealField(110)); Reverse(Intseq(Floor(10^105*pi))); // Bruno Berselli, Mar 12 2013

Digits := 110: Pi*10^104:
ListTools:-Reverse(convert(floor(%), base, 10)); # Peter Luschny, Oct 29 2019

RealDigits[ N[ Pi, 105]] [[1]]
Table[ResourceFunction["NthDigit"][Pi, n], {n, 1, 102}] (* Joan Ludevid, Jun 22 2022; easy to compute a(10000000)=7 with this function; requires Mathematica 12.0+ *)

{ default(realprecision, 20080); x=Pi; for (n=1, 20000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b000796.txt", n, " ", d)); } \\ Harry J. Smith, Apr 15 2009

A796=[]; A000796(n)={if(n>#A796, localprec(n*6\5+29); A796=digits(Pi\.1^(precision(Pi)-3))); A796[n]} \\ NOTE: as the other programs, this returns the n-th term of the sequence, with n = 1, 2, 3, ... and not n = 1, 0, -1, -2, .... - M. F. Hasler, Jun 21 2022

first(n)= default(realprecision, n+10); digits(floor(Pi*10^(n-1))) \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 21 2022

lista(nn, p=20)= {my(u=10^(nn+p+1), f(x, u)=my(n=1, q=u\x, r=q, s=1, t); while(t=(q\=(x*x))\(n+=2), r+=(s=-s)*t); r*4); digits((4*f(5, u)-f(239, u))\10^(p+2)); } \\ Machin-like, with p > the maximal number of consecutive 9-digits to be expected (A048940) - Ruud H.G. van Tol, Dec 26 2024

from sympy import pi, N; print(N(pi, 1000)) # David Radcliffe, Apr 10 2019

from mpmath import mp
def A000796(n):
    if n >= len(A000796.str): mp.dps = n*6//5+50; A000796.str = str(mp.pi-5/mp.mpf(10)**mp.dps)
    return int(A000796.str[n if n>1 else 0])
A000796.str = '' # M. F. Hasler, Jun 21 2022

m=125
x=numerical_approx(pi, digits=m+5)
a=[ZZ(i) for i in x.str(skip_zeroes=True) if i.isdigit()]
a[:m] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 18 2023

Pi = 4*Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^k/(2k+1) [Madhava-Gregory-Leibniz, 1450-1671]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 27 2013
From Johannes W. Meijer, Mar 10 2013: (Start)
2/Pi = (sqrt(2)/2) * (sqrt(2 + sqrt(2))/2) * (sqrt(2 + sqrt(2 + sqrt(2)))/2) * ... [Viete, 1593]
2/Pi = Product_{k>=1} (4*k^2-1)/(4*k^2). [Wallis, 1655]
Pi = 3*sqrt(3)/4 + 24*(1/12 - Sum_{n>=2} (2*n-2)!/((n-1)!^2*(2*n-3)*(2*n+1)*2^(4*n-2))). [Newton, 1666]
Pi/4 = 4*arctan(1/5) - arctan(1/239). [Machin, 1706]
Pi^2/6 = 3*Sum_{n>=1} 1/(n^2*binomial(2*n,n)). [Euler, 1748]
1/Pi = (2*sqrt(2)/9801) * Sum_{n>=0} (4*n)!*(1103+26390*n)/((n!)^4*396^(4*n)). [Ramanujan, 1914]
1/Pi = 12*Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n*(6*n)!*(13591409 + 545140134*n)/((3*n)!*(n!)^3*(640320^3)^(n+1/2)). [David and Gregory Chudnovsky, 1989]
Pi = Sum_{n>=0} (1/16^n) * (4/(8*n+1) - 2/(8*n+4) - 1/(8*n+5) - 1/(8*n+6)). [Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe, 1989] (End)
Pi = 4 * Sum_{k>=0} 1/(4*k+1) - 1/(4*k+3). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Dec 25 2008
Pi = 4*sqrt(-1*(Sum_{n>=0} (i^(2*n+1))/(2*n+1))^2). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Jan 25 2009
Pi = Integral_{x=-oo..oo} dx/(1+x^2). - Mats Granvik and Gary W. Adamson, Sep 23 2012
Pi - 2 = 1/1 + 1/3 - 1/6 - 1/10 + 1/15 + 1/21 - 1/28 - 1/36 + 1/45 + ... [Jonas Castillo Toloza, 2007], that is, Pi - 2 = Sum_{n>=1} (1/((-1)^floor((n-1)/2)*(n^2+n)/2)). - José de Jesús Camacho Medina, Jan 20 2014
Pi = 3 * Product_{t=img(r),r=(1/2+i*t) root of zeta function} (9+4*t^2)/(1+4*t^2) <=> RH is true. - Dimitris Valianatos, May 05 2016
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Aug 07 2016: (Start)
Pi = Sum_{k>=1} (3^k - 1)*zeta(k+1)/4^k.
Pi = 2*Product_{k>=2} sec(Pi/2^k).
Pi = 2*Integral_{x>=0} sin(x)/x dx. (End)
Pi = 2^{k + 1}*arctan(sqrt(2 - a_{k - 1})/a_k) at k >= 2, where a_k = sqrt(2 + a_{k - 1}) and a_1 = sqrt(2). - Sanjar Abrarov, Feb 07 2017
Pi = Integral_{x = 0..2} sqrt(x/(2 - x)) dx. - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Nov 20 2017
Pi = lim_{n->oo} 2/n * Sum_{m=1,n} ( sqrt( (n+1)^2 - m^2 ) - sqrt( n^2 - m^2 ) ). - Dimitri Papadopoulos, May 31 2019
From Peter Bala, Oct 29 2019: (Start)
Pi = Sum_{n >= 0} 2^(n+1)/( binomial(2*n,n)*(2*n + 1) ) - Euler.
More generally, Pi = (4^x)*x!/(2*x)! * Sum_{n >= 0} 2^(n+1)*(n+x)!*(n+2*x)!/(2*n+2*x+1)! = 2*4^x*x!^2/(2*x+1)! * hypergeom([2*x+1,1], [x+3/2], 1/2), valid for complex x not in {-1,-3/2,-2,-5/2,...}. Here, x! is shorthand notation for the function Gamma(x+1). This identity may be proved using Gauss's second summation theorem.
Setting x = 3/4 and x = -1/4 (resp. x = 1/4 and x = -3/4) in the above identity leads to series representations for the constant A085565 (resp. A076390). (End)
Pi = Im(log(-i^i)) = log(i^i)*(-2). - Peter Luschny, Oct 29 2019
From Amiram Eldar, Aug 15 2020: (Start)
Equals 2 + Integral_{x=0..1} arccos(x)^2 dx.
Equals Integral_{x=0..oo} log(1 + 1/x^2) dx.
Equals Integral_{x=0..oo} log(1 + x^2)/x^2 dx.
Equals Integral_{x=-oo..oo} exp(x/2)/(exp(x) + 1) dx. (End)
Equals 4*(1/2)!^2 = 4*Gamma(3/2)^2. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 23 2021
From Peter Bala, Dec 08 2021: (Start)
Pi = 32*Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^n*n^2/((4*n^2 - 1)*(4*n^2 - 9))= 384*Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)*n^2/((4*n^2 - 1)*(4*n^2 - 9)*(4*n^2 - 25)).
More generally, it appears that for k = 1,2,3,..., Pi = 16*(2*k)!*Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+k+1)*n^2/((4*n^2 - 1)* ... *(4*n^2 - (2*k+1)^2)).
Pi = 32*Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)*n^2/(4*n^2 - 1)^2 = 768*Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)*n^2/((4*n^2 - 1)^2*(4*n^2 - 9)^2).
More generally, it appears that for k = 0,1,2,..., Pi = 16*Catalan(k)*(2*k)!*(2*k+2)!*Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)*n^2/((4*n^2 - 1)^2* ... *(4*n^2 - (2*k+1)^2)^2).
Pi = (2^8)*Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)*n^2/(4*n^2 - 1)^4 = (2^17)*(3^5)*Sum_{n >= 2} (-1)^n*n^2*(n^2 - 1)/((4*n^2 - 1)^4*(4*n^2 - 9)^4) = (2^27)*(3^5)*(5^5)* Sum_{n >= 3} (-1)^(n+1)*n^2*(n^2 - 1)*(n^2 - 4)/((4*n^2 - 1)^4*(4*n^2 - 9)^4*(4*n^2 - 25)^4). (End)
For odd n, Pi = (2^(n-1)/A001818((n-1)/2))*gamma(n/2)^2. - Alan Michael Gómez Calderón, Mar 11 2022
Pi = 4/phi + Sum_{n >= 0} (1/phi^(12*n)) * ( 8/((12*n+3)*phi^3) + 4/((12*n+5)*phi^5) - 4/((12*n+7)*phi^7) - 8/((12*n+9)*phi^9) - 4/((12*n+11)*phi^11) + 4/((12*n+13)*phi^13) ) where phi = (1+sqrt(5))/2. - Chittaranjan Pardeshi, May 16 2022
Pi = sqrt(3)*(27*S - 36)/24, where S = A248682. - Peter Luschny, Jul 22 2022
Equals Integral_{x=0..1} 1/sqrt(x-x^2) dx. - Michal Paulovic, Sep 24 2023
From Peter Bala, Oct 28 2023: (Start)
Pi = 48*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n/((6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*(6*n + 5)).
More generally, it appears that for k >= 0 we have Pi = A(k) + B(k)*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n/((6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*...*(6*n + 6*k + 5)), where A(k) is a rational approximation to Pi and B(k) = (3 * 2^(3*k+3) * (3*k + 2)!) / (2^(3*k+1) - (-1)^k). The first few values of A(k) for k >= 0 are [0, 256/85, 65536/20955, 821559296/261636375, 6308233216/2008080987, 908209489444864/289093830828075, ...].
Pi = 16/5 - (288/5)*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n * (6*n + 1)/((6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*...*(6*n + 9)).
More generally, it appears that for k >= 0 we have Pi = C(k) + D(k)*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n* (6*n + 1)/((6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*...*(6*n + 6*k + 3)), where C(k) and D(k) are rational numbers. The case k = 0 is the Madhava-Gregory-Leibniz series for Pi.
Pi = 168/53 + (288/53)*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n * (42*n^2 + 25*n)/((6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*(6*n + 5)*(6*n + 7)).
More generally, it appears that for k >= 1 we have Pi = E(k) + F(k)*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n * (6*(6*k + 1)*n^2 + (24*k + 1)*n)/((6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*...*(6*n + 6*k + 1)), where E(k) and F(k) are rational numbers. (End)
From Peter Bala, Nov 10 2023: (Start)
The series representation Pi = 4 * Sum_{k >= 0} 1/(4*k + 1) - 1/(4*k + 3) given above by Alexander R. Povolotsky, Dec 25 2008, is the case n = 0 of the more general result (obtained by the WZ method): for n >= 0, there holds
Pi = Sum_{j = 0.. n-1} 2^(j+1)/((2*j + 1)*binomial(2*j,j)) + 8*(n+1)!*Sum_{k >= 0} 1/((4*k + 1)*(4*k + 3)*...*(4*k + 2*n + 3)).
Letting n -> oo gives the rapidly converging series Pi = Sum_{j >= 0} 2^(j+1)/((2*j + 1)*binomial(2*j,j)) due to Euler.
More generally, it appears that for n >= 1, Pi = 1/(2*n-1)!!^2 * Sum_{j >= 0} (Product_{i = 0..2*n-1} j - i) * 2^(j+1)/((2*j + 1)*binomial(2*j,j)).
For any integer n, Pi = (-1)^n * 4 * Sum_{k >= 0} 1/(4*k + 1 + 2*n) - 1/(4*k + 3 - 2*n). (End)
Pi = Product_{k>=1} ((k^3*(k + 2)*(2*k + 1)^2)/((k + 1)^4*(2*k - 1)^2))^k. - Antonio Graciá Llorente, Jun 13 2024
Equals Integral_{x=0..2} sqrt(8 - x^2) dx - 2 (see Ambrisi and Rizzi). - Stefano Spezia, Jul 21 2024
Equals 3 + 4*Sum_{k>0} (-1)^(k+1)/(4*k*(1+k)*(1+2*k)) (see Wells at p. 53). - Stefano Spezia, Aug 31 2024
Equals 4*Integral_{x=0..1} sqrt(1 - x^2) dx = lim_{n->oo} (4/n^2)*Sum_{k=0..n} sqrt(n^2 - k^2) (see Finch). - Stefano Spezia, Oct 19 2024
Equals Beta(1/2,1/2) (see Shamos). - Stefano Spezia, Jun 03 2025
From Kritsada Moomuang, Jun 18 2025: (Start)
Equals 2 + Integral_{x=0..1} 1/(sqrt(x)*(1 + sqrt(1 - x))) dx.
Equals 2 + Integral_{x=0..1} log(1 + sqrt(1 - x))/sqrt(x) dx. (End)
Pi = 2*arccos(1/phi) + arccos(1/phi^3) = 4*arcsin(1/phi) + 2*arcsin(1/phi^3) where phi = (1+sqrt(5))/2. - Chittaranjan Pardeshi, Jul 02 2025
Pi = Sum_{n >= 0} zeta(2*n)*(2^(2*n - 1) - 1)/2^(4*n - 3). - Andrea Pinos, Jul 29 2025

Additional comments from William Rex Marshall, Apr 20 2001

A062539 Decimal expansion of the Lemniscate constant or Gauss's constant.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 6, 2, 2, 0, 5, 7, 5, 5, 4, 2, 9, 2, 1, 1, 9, 8, 1, 0, 4, 6, 4, 8, 3, 9, 5, 8, 9, 8, 9, 1, 1, 1, 9, 4, 1, 3, 6, 8, 2, 7, 5, 4, 9, 5, 1, 4, 3, 1, 6, 2, 3, 1, 6, 2, 8, 1, 6, 8, 2, 1, 7, 0, 3, 8, 0, 0, 7, 9, 0, 5, 8, 7, 0, 7, 0, 4, 1, 4, 2, 5, 0, 2, 3, 0, 2, 9, 5, 5, 3, 2, 9, 6, 1, 4, 2, 9, 0, 9, 3, 4, 4, 6, 1, 3

Offset: 1

Jason Earls, Jun 25 2001

			2.622057554292119810464839589891119413682754951431623162816821703...

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Sections 2.3 and 6.2, pp. 99, 420.

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5000
Lorenz Milla, World record computation of Lemniscate Constant (2,000,000,000,000 digits).
Simon Plouffe, Lemniscate or Gauss constant.
Simon Plouffe, Lemniscate constant or Gauss constant.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lemniscate Constant.
Wikipedia, Lemniscate constant.
Index entries for transcendental numbers.

Cf. A062540, A064853, A085565.
Cf. A002193, A014549, A093341.
Equals A000796/A053004 (see PARI script).

SetDefaultRealField(RealField(100)); R:= RealField(); (1/2)*Sqrt(2*Pi(R)^3)/Gamma(3/4)^2; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 07 2018

evalf((1/2)*sqrt(2*Pi^3)/GAMMA(3/4)^2,120); # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 08 2018
evalf(1/2*GAMMA(1/4)*GAMMA(1/2)/GAMMA(3/4),120); # Martin Renner, Aug 16 2019
evalf(1/2*Beta(1/4,1/2),120); # Martin Renner, Aug 16 2019
evalf(2*int(1/sqrt(1-x^4),x=0..1),120); # Martin Renner, Aug 16 2019

RealDigits[Pi^(3/2)/Gamma[3/4]^2*2^(1/2)/2, 10, 111][[1]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 19 2004 *)

print(1/2*Pi^(3/2)/gamma(3/4)^2*2^(1/2))

allocatemem(932245000); default(realprecision, 5080); x=Pi^(3/2)*sqrt(2)/(2*gamma(3/4)^2); for (n=1, 5000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b062539.txt", n, " ", d)); \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 20 2009

Pi/agm(1,sqrt(2)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 04 2015

intnum(x=0,Pi, 1/sqrt(1 + sin(x)^2)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 04 2025

Equals (1/2)*sqrt(2*Pi^3)/Gamma(3/4)^2.
A093341 multiplied by A002193. - R. J. Mathar, Aug 28 2013
From Martin Renner, Aug 16 2019: (Start)
Equals 2*Integral_{x=0..1} 1/sqrt(1-x^4) dx.
Equals 1/2*B(1/4,1/2) with Beta function B(x,y) = Gamma(x)*Gamma(y)/Gamma(x+y). (End)
Equals Pi/AGM(1, sqrt(2)). - Jean-François Alcover, Feb 28 2021
Equals 2*hypergeom([1/2, 1/4], [5/4], 1). - Peter Bala, Mar 02 2022
Equals (1/2)*A064853 = 2*A085565. - Amiram Eldar, May 04 2022
Equals Pi*A014549. - Hugo Pfoertner, Jun 28 2024
Equals Integral_{x=0..Pi} 1/sqrt(1 + sin(x)^2) dx = EllipticK(-1) (see Finch at p. 420). - Stefano Spezia, Dec 15 2024
Equals Gamma(1/4)^2 / (sqrt(Pi)*2^(3/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Apr 26 2025
Equals (161*6440^(1/4))/(2*Sum_{k>=0} N(k)/D(k)) with N(k) = Pochhammer(1/8,k) * Pochhammer(5/8,k) * (275+8640*k) and D(k) = (k!)^2*25921^k [Jorge Zuniga, 2023].

A053004 Decimal expansion of AGM(1,sqrt(2)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 9, 8, 1, 4, 0, 2, 3, 4, 7, 3, 5, 5, 9, 2, 2, 0, 7, 4, 3, 9, 9, 2, 2, 4, 9, 2, 2, 8, 0, 3, 2, 3, 8, 7, 8, 2, 2, 7, 2, 1, 2, 6, 6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 6, 5, 1, 5, 5, 8, 2, 6, 3, 6, 7, 4, 9, 5, 2, 9, 4, 6, 4, 0, 5, 2, 1, 4, 1, 4, 3, 9, 1, 5, 6, 7, 0, 8, 3, 5, 8, 8, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 8, 9, 7, 9, 3, 3, 8, 9, 3, 7, 5, 9, 0

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 21 2000

AGM(a,b) is the limit of the arithmetic-geometric mean iteration applied repeatedly starting with a and b: a_0=a, b_0=b, a_{n+1}=(a_n+b_n)/2, b_{n+1}=sqrt(a_n*b_n).

			1.19814023473559220743992249228...

George Boros and Victor H. Moll, Irresistible integrals, Cambridge University Press (2006), p. 195.
J. M. Borwein and P. B. Borwein, Pi and the AGM, Wiley, 1987, page 5.
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 6.1, p. 420.
J. R. Goldman, The Queen of Mathematics, 1998, p. 92.

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Gauss's Constant.
Index entries for transcendental numbers.

Cf. A014549, A053002, A053003, A076390, A085565, A096427.

evalf(GaussAGM(1, sqrt(2)), 144);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 05 2023

RealDigits[ N[ ArithmeticGeometricMean[1, Sqrt[2]], 105]][[1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 30 2012 *)
RealDigits[N[(1+Sqrt[2])Pi/(4EllipticK[17-12Sqrt[2]]), 105]][[1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 02 2019 *)

default(realprecision, 20080); x=agm(1, sqrt(2)); for (n=1, 20000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b053004.txt", n, " ", d)) \\ Harry J. Smith, Apr 20 2009

2*real(agm(1, I)/(1+I)) \\ Michel Marcus, Jul 26 2018

from mpmath import mp, agm, sqrt
mp.dps=106
print([int(z) for z in list(str(agm(1, sqrt(2))).replace('.', '')[:-1])]) # Indranil Ghosh, Jul 11 2017

Equals Pi/(2*A085565). - Nathaniel Johnston, May 26 2011
Equals Integral_{x=0..Pi/2} sqrt(sin(x)) or Integral_{x=0..1} sqrt(x/(1-x^2)). - Jean-François Alcover, Apr 29 2013 [cf. Boros & Moll p. 195]
Equals Product_{n>=1} (1+1/A033566(n)) and also 2*AGM(1, i)/(1+i) where i is the imaginary unit. - Dimitris Valianatos, Oct 03 2016
Conjecturally equals 1/( Sum_{n = -infinity..infinity} exp(-Pi*(n+1/2)^2 ) )^2. Cf. A096427. - Peter Bala, Jun 10 2019
From Amiram Eldar, Aug 26 2020: (Start)
Equals 2 * A076390.
Equals Integral_{x=0..Pi} sin(x)^2/sqrt(1 + sin(x)^2) dx. (End)
Equals sqrt(2/Pi)*Gamma(3/4)^2 = Integral_{x = 0..1} 1/(1 - x^2)^(1/4) dx = Pi/Integral_{x = 0..1} 1/(1 - x^2)^(3/4) dx. - Peter Bala, Jan 05 2022
From Peter Bala, Mar 02 2022: (Start)
Equals 2*Integral_{x = 0..1} x^2/sqrt(1 - x^4) dx.
Equals 1 - Integral_{x = 0..1} (sqrt(1 - x^4) - 1)/x^2 dx.
Equals hypergeom([-1/2, -1/4], [3/4], 1) = 1 + Sum_{n >= 0} 1/(4*n + 3)*Catalan(n)*(1/2^(2*n+1)). Cf. A096427. (End)

More terms from James Sellers, Feb 22 2000

A175573 Decimal expansion of Pi^(1/4)/Gamma(3/4).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 8, 6, 4, 3, 4, 8, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 0, 8, 0, 1, 4, 5, 7, 5, 3, 1, 6, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 0, 7, 0, 2, 0, 5, 7, 0, 7, 2, 4, 5, 2, 1, 8, 8, 8, 5, 9, 2, 0, 7, 9, 0, 3, 1, 5, 9, 8, 1, 8, 5, 6, 7, 3, 2, 2, 6, 7, 1, 0, 9, 7, 9, 5, 9, 6, 0, 5, 6, 1, 6, 1, 8, 4, 8, 9, 6, 7, 9, 7, 6, 4, 0, 3, 7, 4, 1

Offset: 1

R. J. Mathar, Jul 15 2010

Entry 34 a of chapter 11 of Ramanujan's second notebook. Entry 34 b is A085565.

			1.0864348112133080145753161...

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5000
Bruce C. Berndt, Chapter 11 of Ramanujan's second notebook, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc., Vol. 15, No. 4 (1983), 273-320.
Jerome Spanier and Keith B. Oldham, "Atlas of Functions", Hemisphere Publishing Corp., 1987, chapter 27, equation 27:13:18 at page 258.
Wikipedia, Theta function.

Cf. A068465, A085565, A092040, A096427, A175574, A247217, A273081, A273082, A273083, A273084, A319332, A327995.

C := ComplexField(); [(Pi(C))^(1/4)/Gamma(3/4)]; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 05 2017

Maple

Pi^(1/4)/GAMMA(3/4) ; evalf(%) ;

Mathematica

RealDigits[ Pi^(1/4)/Gamma[3/4], 10, 105][[1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 04 2013 *)

PARI

Pi^(1/4)/gamma(3/4) \\ G. C. Greubel, Nov 05 2017

PARI

2*suminf(k=0,exp(-Pi)^(k^2))-1 \\ Hugo Pfoertner, Sep 17 2018

Formula

Equals A092040 / A068465.

Equals Sum_{n=-oo..oo} exp(-Pi*n^2), or also EllipticTheta(3, 0, exp(-Pi)). - Jean-François Alcover, Jul 04 2013

Equals sqrt(A175574). - Amiram Eldar, Jul 04 2023

Equals Gamma(1/4)/(sqrt(2)*Pi^(3/4)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 04 2023

Equals Product_{k>=1} tanh((1/2 + i/2)*Pi*k), i=sqrt(-1). - _Antonio Graciá Llorente, Mar 20 2024

Equals Product_{k>=0} (1/2)*(((k+1/2)/(k+1))^(1/2)+((k+1)/(k+1/2))^(1/2)). - Antonio Graciá Llorente, Jul 23 2024

Equals (1/A096427)^2 (see Spanier and Oldham at p. 258). - Stefano Spezia, Dec 31 2024

Equals 2*A319332 = 1/A327995. - Hugo Pfoertner, Dec 31 2024

A076390 Decimal expansion of lemniscate constant B.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 9, 9, 0, 7, 0, 1, 1, 7, 3, 6, 7, 7, 9, 6, 1, 0, 3, 7, 1, 9, 9, 6, 1, 2, 4, 6, 1, 4, 0, 1, 6, 1, 9, 3, 9, 1, 1, 3, 6, 0, 6, 3, 3, 1, 6, 0, 7, 8, 2, 5, 7, 7, 9, 1, 3, 1, 8, 3, 7, 4, 7, 6, 4, 7, 3, 2, 0, 2, 6, 0, 7, 0, 7, 1, 9, 5, 7, 8, 3, 5, 4, 1, 7, 9, 4, 2, 7, 7, 8, 2, 4, 4, 8, 9, 6, 6, 9, 4, 6, 8, 7, 9, 5, 3, 6

Offset: 0

Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 09 2002

Also decimal expansion of AGM(1,i)/(1+i).
See A085565 for the lemniscate constant A. - Peter Bala, Oct 25 2019
Also the ratio of height to diameter of a "Mylar balloon" (see Paulsen). - Jeremy Tan, May 05 2021

			0.599070117367796103719961246140161939113606331607825779131837476473202607...
AGM(1,i) = 0.59907011736779610371... + 0.59907011736779610371...*i

J. M. Borwein and P. B. Borwein, Pi and the AGM: A Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity, Wiley, 1998.
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 6.1, p. 421.

W. H. Paulsen, What Is the Shape of a Mylar Balloon?, Amer. Math. Monthly 101 (10), (Dec. 1994), pp. 953-958.
J. Todd, The lemniscate constants, Comm. ACM, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1975), pp. 14-19; corrigendum, Vol. 18, No. 8 (1975), p. 462.
J. Todd, The lemniscate constants, in Pi: A Source Book, pp. 412-417.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Arithmetic-Geometric Mean.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lemniscate Constant.
Wikipedia, Mylar balloon.
Wolfram Research, Arithmetic-Geometric Mean.

Cf. A053004, A076391, A076392, A085565, A243340.

RealDigits[ Chop[ N[ ArithmeticGeometricMean[1, I]/(1 + I), 111]]] [[1]]
RealDigits[N[Pi/(4 EllipticK[-1]), 106]][[1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 02 2019 *)

real(agm(1,I)/(1+I)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 03 2016

(2*Pi)^(-1/2)*gamma(3/4)^2 \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 10 2017

Pi/4/ellK(I) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 04 2025

Equals (2*Pi)^(-1/2)*GAMMA(3/4)^2.
Equals ee/sqrt(2)-1/2*sqrt(2*ee^2-Pi) where ee = EllipticE(1/2), or also Product_{m>=1} ((2*m)/(2*m-1))^(-1)^m. - Jean-François Alcover, Sep 02 2014, after Steven Finch.
Equals sqrt(2) * Pi^(3/2) / GAMMA(1/4)^2. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 03 2019
From Peter Bala, Oct 25 2019: (Start)
Equals 1 - 1/3 - 1/(3*7) - (1*3)/(3*7*11) - (1*3*5)/(3*7*11*15) - ... = hypergeom([-1/2,1],[3/4],1/2) by Gauss’s second summation theorem.
Equivalently, define a sequence of rational numbers r(n) recursively by r(n) = (2*n - 3)/(4*n - 1)*r(n-1) with r(0) = 1. Then the constant equals Sum_{n >= 0} r(n) = 1 - 1/3 - 1/21 - 1/77 - 1/231 - 1/627 - 3/4807 - 1/3933 - 13/121923 - 13/284487 - 17/853461 - .... The partial sum of the series to 100 terms gives the constant correct to 32 decimal places.
Equals (1/3) + (1*3)/(3*7) + (1*3*5)/(3*7*11) + ... = (1/3) * hypergeom ([3/2,1],[7/4],1/2). (End)
Equals (1/2) * A053004. - Amiram Eldar, Aug 26 2020
Equals (2/3) * 1/A243340. - Peter Bala, Mar 25 2024
Equals Product_{n>=1} exp(((-1)^n*beta(n))/n), where beta(n) is the Dirichlet beta function. - Antonio Graciá Llorente, Oct 16 2024
Equals Integral_{x=0..1} x^2/sqrt(1 - x^4) dx = sqrt(Pi)*Gamma(7/4)/(3*Gamma(5/4)) (see Finch). - Stefano Spezia, Dec 15 2024

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 01 2008 at the suggestion of R. J. Mathar

A154739 Decimal expansion of sqrt(1 - 1/sqrt(2)), the abscissa of the point of bisection of the arc of the unit lemniscate (x^2 + y^2)^2 = x^2 - y^2 in the first quadrant.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 4, 1, 1, 9, 6, 1, 0, 0, 1, 4, 6, 1, 9, 6, 9, 8, 4, 3, 9, 9, 7, 2, 3, 2, 0, 5, 3, 6, 6, 3, 8, 9, 4, 2, 0, 0, 6, 1, 0, 7, 2, 0, 6, 3, 3, 7, 8, 0, 1, 5, 4, 4, 4, 6, 8, 1, 2, 9, 7, 0, 9, 5, 6, 5, 2, 9, 8, 8, 9, 7, 3, 5, 4, 1, 0, 1, 2, 6, 6, 6, 4, 7, 7, 8, 2, 6, 1, 4, 9, 5

Offset: 0

Stuart Clary, Jan 14 2009

A root of 2*x^4 - 4*x^2 + 1 = 0.

			0.541196100146196984399723205366...

C. L. Siegel, Topics in Complex Function Theory, Volume I: Elliptic Functions and Uniformization Theory, Wiley-Interscience, 1969, page 5.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..5000
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 4.

Cf. A154743 for the ordinate and A154747 for the radius vector.
Cf. A154740, A154741 and A154742 for the continued fraction and the numerators and denominators of the convergents.
Cf. A085565 for 1.311028777..., the first-quadrant arc length of the unit lemniscate.
Cf. A002193, A016825, A179260, A182168, A268682.

nmax = 1000; First[ RealDigits[ Sqrt[ 1 - 1/Sqrt[2] ], 10, nmax] ]

sqrt(1 - 1/sqrt(2)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Sep 23 2017

polrootsreal(2*x^4-4*x^2+1)[3] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 04 2025

From Amiram Eldar, Nov 22 2024: (Start)
Equals sqrt(2) * sin(Pi/8) = A002193 * A182168.
Equals Product_{k>=0} (1 - (-1)^k/(4*k+2)) = Product_{k>=1} (1 + (-1)^k/A016825(k)). (End)
Equals 1/A179260 = sqrt(A268682). - Hugo Pfoertner, Nov 22 2024

Offset corrected by R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2009

A224268 Decimal expansion of Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/(4n+1)^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

9, 2, 7, 0, 3, 7, 3, 3, 8, 6, 5, 0, 6, 8, 5, 9, 5, 9, 2, 1, 6, 9, 2, 5, 1, 7, 3, 5, 9, 7, 6, 3, 0, 0, 2, 3, 1, 0, 8, 7, 9, 9, 4, 1, 1, 7, 6, 0, 8, 8, 3, 4, 5, 2, 7, 9, 2, 9, 6, 4, 0, 2, 2, 5, 2, 8, 0, 1, 0, 8, 8, 8, 4, 1, 9, 0, 5, 9, 9, 8, 9, 1, 7, 8, 6, 3, 5

Offset: 0

Bruno Berselli, Apr 02 2013

			0.9270373386506859592169251735976300231087994117608834527929640225280...

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 1.5.4, p. 34.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Peter Bala, Notes on the constants A096427 and A224268.

Cf. A064853, A085565, A093341, A327996.

Cf. product(1-1/(4n+r)^2, n>=1): A096427 (r=-1), A112628 (r=0), A179587-1 (r=2).

RealDigits[N[Product[1 - 1/(4 n + 1)^2, {n, 1, Infinity}], 90]][[1]] (* or, by the formula: *) RealDigits[Gamma[1/4]^2/(8 Sqrt[Pi]), 10, 90][[1]]

prodnumrat(1 - 1/(4*n+1)^2, 1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 07 2025

Equals Gamma(1/4)^2/(8*sqrt(Pi)) = L/(4*sqrt(2)), where L is the Lemniscate constant (A064853).
From Peter Bala, Feb 26 2019: (Start)
C = (Pi/4)*( Sum_{n = -inf..inf} exp(-Pi*n^2) )^2.
C = (-1)^m*2^(2*m+1)/Catalan(m) * Product_{n >= 1} ( 1 - (4*m + 3)^2/(4*n + 1)^2 ), for m = 0,1,2,....
C = Integral_{x = 0..1} 1/sqrt(1 + x^4) dx.
C = (1/sqrt(2))*Integral_{x = 0..1} 1/sqrt(1 - x^4) dx.
C = (3/2)*Integral_{x = 0..1} sqrt(1 + x^4) dx - sqrt(2)/2.
C = (1/8)*Integral_{x = 0..1} 1/(x - x^2)^(3/4) dx.
C = Sum_{n >= 0} binomial(-1/2,n)/(4*n + 1) = Sum_{n >= 0} binomial(2*n,n)/4^n * 1/(4*n + 1).
C = (1/2)*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*binomial(-3/4,n)/(4*n + 1).
Continued fraction: 1 - 1/(5 + 20/(1 + 30/(3 + ... + (4*n)*(4*n + 1)/(1 + (4*n + 1)*(4*n + 2)/(3 + ... ))))).
C = A085565/sqrt(2). C = Pi/(4*A096427). (End)
Equals A093341/2 = A327996^2. - Hugo Pfoertner, Oct 31 2024

A064853 Decimal expansion of the Lemniscate constant.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 2, 4, 4, 1, 1, 5, 1, 0, 8, 5, 8, 4, 2, 3, 9, 6, 2, 0, 9, 2, 9, 6, 7, 9, 1, 7, 9, 7, 8, 2, 2, 3, 8, 8, 2, 7, 3, 6, 5, 5, 0, 9, 9, 0, 2, 8, 6, 3, 2, 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 6, 3, 3, 6, 4, 3, 4, 0, 7, 6, 0, 1, 5, 8, 1, 1, 7, 4, 1, 4, 0, 8, 2, 8, 5, 0, 0, 4, 6, 0, 5, 9, 1, 0, 6, 5, 9, 2, 2, 8, 5, 8, 1, 8, 6, 8, 9

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 22 2001

			5.244115108584239620929679...

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5000
Markus Faulhuber, Anupam Gumber, and Irina Shafkulovska, The AGM of Gauss, Ramanujan's corresponding theory, and spectral bounds of self-adjoint operators, arXiv:2209.04202 [math.CA], 2022, p. 15.
Lorenz Milla, World record computation of Lemniscate Constant (2,000,000,000,000 digits)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lemniscate Constant.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lemniscate.
Index entries for transcendental numbers.

Cf. A002193, A019727, A062539, A068466, A085565, A093341.

SetDefaultRealField(RealField(100)); R:= RealField(); Gamma(1/4)^2/Sqrt(2*Pi(R)); // G. C. Greubel, Oct 07 2018

First@RealDigits[ N[ Gamma[ 1/4 ]^2/Sqrt[ 2 Pi ], 102 ] ]

{ allocatemem(932245000); default(realprecision, 5080); x=gamma(1/4)^2/sqrt(2*Pi); for (n=1, 5000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b064853.txt", n, " ", d)); } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 20 2009

gamma(1/2)*gamma(1/4)/gamma(3/4) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 29 2021

Equals Gamma(1/4)^2/sqrt(2*Pi). - G. C. Greubel, Oct 07 2018
Equals 2*A062539 = 4*A085565. - Amiram Eldar, May 04 2022
From Stefano Spezia, Sep 23 2022: (Start)
Equals 4*Integral_{x=0..Pi/2} 1/sqrt(2*(1 - (1/2)*sin(x)^2)) dx [Gauss, 1799] (see Faulhuber et al.).
Equals 2*sqrt(2)*A093341. (End)

A154747 Decimal expansion of sqrt(sqrt(2) - 1), the radius vector of the point of bisection of the arc of the unit lemniscate (x^2 + y^2)^2 = x^2 - y^2 in the first quadrant.

Original entry on oeis.org

6, 4, 3, 5, 9, 4, 2, 5, 2, 9, 0, 5, 5, 8, 2, 6, 2, 4, 7, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 7, 4, 1, 8, 2, 0, 9, 8, 0, 8, 9, 2, 4, 2, 0, 2, 7, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 7, 6, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 5, 2, 0, 0, 9, 3, 5, 2, 0, 7, 4, 8, 5, 0, 3, 2, 1, 8, 3, 6, 5, 1, 9, 5, 4, 5, 1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 6, 5, 9, 5

Offset: 0

Stuart Clary, Jan 14 2009

A root of r^4 + 2 r^2 - 1 = 0.
Also real part of sqrt(1 + i)^3, where i is the imaginary unit such that i^2 = -1. - Alonso del Arte, Sep 09 2019
From Bernard Schott, Dec 19 2020: (Start)
Length of the shortest line segment which divides a right isosceles triangle with AB = AC = 1 into two parts of equal area; this is the answer to the 2nd problem proposed during the final round of the 18th British Mathematical Olympiad in 1993 (see link BM0 and Gardiner reference).
The length of this shortest line segment IJ with I on a short side and J on the hypotenuse is sqrt(sqrt(2)-1), and AI = AJ = 1/sqrt(sqrt(2)) = A228497 (see link Figure for B.M.O. 1993, Problem 2). (End)
This algebraic number and its negation equal the real roots of the quartic x^4 + 2*x^2 - 1 (minimal polynomial). The imaginary roots are +A278928*i and -A278928*i. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 23 2022

			0.643594252905582624735443437418...

A. Gardiner, The Mathematical Olympiad Handbook: An Introduction to Problem Solving, Oxford University Press, 1997, reprinted 2011, Problem 2, pages 56 and 104-105 (1993).
C. L. Siegel, Topics in Complex Function Theory, Volume I: Elliptic Functions and Uniformization Theory, Wiley-Interscience, 1969, page 5

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..5000.
British Mathematical Olympiad 1993, Problem 2.
Bernard Schott, Figure for B.M.O. 1993, Problem 2.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 4
Index to sequences related to curves.
Index to sequences related to Olympiads.

Cf. A154739 for the abscissa and A154743 for the ordinate.
Cf. A154748, A154749 and A154750 for the continued fraction and the numerators and denominators of the convergents.
Cf. A085565 for 1.311028777..., the first-quadrant arc length of the unit lemniscate.
Cf. A309948 and A309949 for real and imaginary parts of sqrt(1 + i).
Cf. A278928.

nmax = 1000; First[ RealDigits[ Sqrt[Sqrt[2] - 1], 10, nmax] ]

sqrt(sqrt(2) - 1) \\ Michel Marcus, Dec 10 2016

From Peter Bala, Jul 01 2024: (Start)
This constant occurs in the evaluation of Integral_{x = 0..Pi/2} sin^2(x)/(1 + sin^4(x)) dx = Pi/4 * sqrt(sqrt(2) - 1).
Equals (1/2)*Sum_{n >= 0} (-1/16)^n * binomial(4*n+2, 2*n+1) (a slowly converging series). (End)
Equals 2^(3/4)*sin(Pi/8). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 01 2024

Offset corrected by R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2009

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