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This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A000203 a(n) = sigma(n), the sum of the divisors of n. Also called sigma_1(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 4, 7, 6, 12, 8, 15, 13, 18, 12, 28, 14, 24, 24, 31, 18, 39, 20, 42, 32, 36, 24, 60, 31, 42, 40, 56, 30, 72, 32, 63, 48, 54, 48, 91, 38, 60, 56, 90, 42, 96, 44, 84, 78, 72, 48, 124, 57, 93, 72, 98, 54, 120, 72, 120, 80, 90, 60, 168, 62, 96, 104, 127, 84, 144, 68, 126, 96, 144
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Multiplicative: If the canonical factorization of n into prime powers is the product of p^e(p) then sigma_k(n) = Product_p ((p^((e(p)+1)*k))-1)/(p^k-1).
Sum_{d|n} 1/d^k is equal to sigma_k(n)/n^k. So sequences A017665-A017712 also give the numerators and denominators of sigma_k(n)/n^k for k = 1..24. The power sums sigma_k(n) are in sequences A000203 (this sequence) (k=1), A001157-A001160 (k=2,3,4,5), A013954-A013972 for k = 6,7,...,24. - Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Apr 05 2001
A number n is abundant if sigma(n) > 2n (cf. A005101), perfect if sigma(n) = 2n (cf. A000396), deficient if sigma(n) < 2n (cf. A005100).
a(n) is the number of sublattices of index n in a generic 2-dimensional lattice. - Avi Peretz (njk(AT)netvision.net.il), Jan 29 2001 [In the language of group theory, a(n) is the number of index-n subgroups of Z x Z. - Jianing Song, Nov 05 2022]
The sublattices of index n are in one-to-one correspondence with matrices [a b; 0 d] with a>0, ad=n, b in [0..d-1]. The number of these is Sum_{d|n} d = sigma(n), which is a(n). A sublattice is primitive if gcd(a,b,d) = 1; the number of these is n * Product_{p|n} (1+1/p), which is A001615. [Cf. Grady reference.]
Sum of number of common divisors of n and m, where m runs from 1 to n. - Naohiro Nomoto, Jan 10 2004
a(n) is the cardinality of all extensions over Q_p with degree n in the algebraic closure of Q_p, where p>n. - Volker Schmitt (clamsi(AT)gmx.net), Nov 24 2004. Cf. A100976, A100977, A100978 (p-adic extensions).
Let s(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) - a(n-5) - a(n-7) + a(n-12) + a(n-15) - a(n-22) - a(n-26) + ..., then a(n) = s(n) if n is not pentagonal, i.e., n != (3 j^2 +- j)/2 (cf. A001318), and a(n) is instead s(n) - ((-1)^j)*n if n is pentagonal. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 05 2008 [corrected Apr 27 2012 by William J. Keith based on Ewell and by Andrey Zabolotskiy, Apr 08 2022]
Write n as 2^k * d, where d is odd. Then a(n) is odd if and only if d is a square. - Jon Perry, Nov 08 2012
Also total number of parts in the partitions of n into equal parts. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 16 2013
Note that sigma(3^4) = 11^2. On the other hand, Kanold (1947) shows that the equation sigma(q^(p-1)) = b^p has no solutions b > 2, q prime, p odd prime. - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 21 2013, based on postings to the Number Theory Mailing List by Vladimir Letsko and Luis H. Gallardo
Limit_{m->infinity} (Sum_{n=1..prime(m)} a(n)) / prime(m)^2 = zeta(2)/2 = Pi^2/12 (A072691). See more at A244583. - Richard R. Forberg, Jan 04 2015
a(n) + A000005(n) is an odd number iff n = 2m^2, m>=1. - Richard R. Forberg, Jan 15 2015
a(n) = a(n+1) for n = 14, 206, 957, 1334, 1364 (A002961). - Zak Seidov, May 03 2016
Equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis: a(n) < H(n) + exp(H(n))*log(H(n)), for all n>1, where H(n) is the n-th harmonic number (Jeffrey Lagarias). See A057641 for more details. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 05 2016
a(n) is the total number of even parts in the partitions of 2*n into equal parts. More generally, a(n) is the total number of parts congruent to 0 mod k in the partitions of k*n into equal parts (the comment dated Jan 16 2013 is the case for k = 1). - Omar E. Pol, Nov 18 2019
From Jianing Song, Nov 05 2022: (Start)
a(n) is also the number of order-n subgroups of C_n X C_n, where C_n is the cyclic group of order n. Proof: by the correspondence theorem in the group theory, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the order-n subgroups of C_n X C_n = (Z x Z)/(nZ x nZ) and the index-n subgroups of Z x Z containing nZ x nZ. But an index-n normal subgroup of a (multiplicative) group G contains {g^n : n in G} automatically. The desired result follows from the comment from Naohiro Nomoto above.
The number of subgroups of C_n X C_n that are isomorphic to C_n is A001615(n). (End)

Examples

			For example, 6 is divisible by 1, 2, 3 and 6, so sigma(6) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12.
Let L = <V,W> be a 2-dimensional lattice. The 7 sublattices of index 4 are generated by <4V,W>, <V,4W>, <4V,W+-V>, <2V,2W>, <2V+W,2W>, <2V,2W+V>. Compare A001615.
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 840.
  • T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 38.
  • A. T. Benjamin and J. J. Quinn, Proofs that really count: the art of combinatorial proof, M.A.A. 2003, p. 116ff.
  • Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematical Notations, Dover edition (2012), par. 407.
  • L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 162, #16, (6), 2nd formula.
  • G. H. Hardy, Ramanujan: twelve lectures on subjects suggested by his life and work, AMS Chelsea Publishing, Providence, Rhode Island, 2002, pp. 141, 166.
  • H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, Fifth Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2003.
  • Ross Honsberger, "Mathematical Gems, Number One," The Dolciani Mathematical Expositions, Published and Distributed by The Mathematical Association of America, page 116.
  • Kanold, Hans Joachim, Kreisteilungspolynome und ungerade vollkommene Zahlen. (German), Ber. Math.-Tagung Tübingen 1946, (1947). pp. 84-87.
  • M. Krasner, Le nombre des surcorps primitifs d'un degré donné et le nombre des surcorps métagaloisiens d'un degré donné d'un corps de nombres p-adiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires, Académie des Sciences, Paris 254, 255, 1962.
  • A. Lubotzky, Counting subgroups of finite index, Proceedings of the St. Andrews/Galway 93 group theory meeting, Th. 2.1. LMS Lecture Notes Series no. 212 Cambridge University Press 1995.
  • D. S. Mitrinovic et al., Handbook of Number Theory, Kluwer, Section III.1, page 77.
  • G. Pólya, Induction and Analogy in Mathematics, vol. 1 of Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning, Princeton Univ Press 1954, page 92.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 91, 395.
  • Robert M. Young, Excursions in Calculus, The Mathematical Association of America, 1992 p. 361.

Crossrefs

See A034885, A002093 for records. Bisections give A008438, A062731. Values taken are listed in A007609. A054973 is an inverse function.
For partial sums see A024916.
Row sums of A127093.
Cf. A009194, A082062 (gcd(a(n),n) and its largest prime factor), A179931, A192795 (gcd(a(n),A001157(n)) and largest prime factor).
Cf. also A034448 (sum of unitary divisors).
Cf. A007955 (products of divisors).
A001227, A000593 and this sequence have the same parity: A053866. - Omar E. Pol, May 14 2016

Programs

  • GAP
    A000203:=List([1..10^2],n->Sigma(n)); # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 01 2017
    
  • Haskell
    a000203 n = product $ zipWith (\p e -> (p^(e+1)-1) `div` (p-1)) (a027748_row n) (a124010_row n)
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 07 2012
    
  • Magma
    [SumOfDivisors(n): n in [1..70]];
    
  • Magma
    [DivisorSigma(1,n): n in [1..70]]; // Bruno Berselli, Sep 09 2015
    
  • Maple
    with(numtheory): A000203 := n->sigma(n); seq(A000203(n), n=1..100);
  • Mathematica
    Table[ DivisorSigma[1, n], {n, 100}]
    a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ QPolyGamma[ 1, 1, q] / Log[q]^2, {q, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, Apr 25 2013 *)
  • Maxima
    makelist(divsum(n),n,1,1000); /* Emanuele Munarini, Mar 26 2011 */
    
  • MuPAD
    numlib::sigma(n)$ n=1..81 // Zerinvary Lajos, May 13 2008
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, sigma(n))};
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, direuler( p=2, n, 1 / (1 - X) /(1 - p*X))[n])};
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, polcoeff( sum( k=1, n, x^k / (1 - x^k)^2, x * O(x^n)), n))}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 29 2005 */
    
  • PARI
    max_n = 30; ser = - sum(k=1,max_n,log(1-x^k)); a(n) = polcoeff(ser,n)*n \\ Gottfried Helms, Aug 10 2009
    
  • Python
    from sympy import divisor_sigma
    def a(n): return divisor_sigma(n, 1)
    print([a(n) for n in range(1, 71)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jan 03 2021
    
  • Python
    from math import prod
    from sympy import factorint
    def a(n): return prod((p**(e+1)-1)//(p-1) for p, e in factorint(n).items())
    print([a(n) for n in range(1, 51)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Feb 25 2024
    (APL, Dyalog dialect) A000203 ← +/{ð←⍵{(0=⍵|⍺)/⍵}⍳⌊⍵*÷2 ⋄ 1=⍵:ð ⋄ ð,(⍵∘÷)¨(⍵=(⌊⍵*÷2)*2)↓⌽ð} ⍝ Antti Karttunen, Feb 20 2024
  • SageMath
    [sigma(n, 1) for n in range(1, 71)]  # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 04 2009
    
  • Scheme
    (definec (A000203 n) (if (= 1 n) n (let ((p (A020639 n)) (e (A067029 n))) (* (/ (- (expt p (+ 1 e)) 1) (- p 1)) (A000203 (A028234 n)))))) ;; Uses macro definec from http://oeis.org/wiki/Memoization#Scheme - Antti Karttunen, Nov 25 2017
    
  • Scheme
    (define (A000203 n) (let ((r (sqrt n))) (let loop ((i (inexact->exact (floor r))) (s (if (integer? r) (- r) 0))) (cond ((zero? i) s) ((zero? (modulo n i)) (loop (- i 1) (+ s i (/ n i)))) (else (loop (- i 1) s)))))) ;; (Stand-alone program) - Antti Karttunen, Feb 20 2024
    

Formula

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = (p^(e+1)-1)/(p-1). - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
For the following bounds and many others, see Mitrinovic et al. - N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 02 2017
If n is composite, a(n) > n + sqrt(n).
a(n) < n*sqrt(n) for all n.
a(n) < (6/Pi^2)*n^(3/2) for n > 12.
G.f.: -x*deriv(eta(x))/eta(x) where eta(x) = Product_{n>=1} (1-x^n). - Joerg Arndt, Mar 14 2010
L.g.f.: -log(Product_{j>=1} (1-x^j)) = Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n*x^n. - Joerg Arndt, Feb 04 2011
Dirichlet convolution of phi(n) and tau(n), i.e., a(n) = sum_{d|n} phi(n/d)*tau(d), cf. A000010, A000005.
a(n) is odd iff n is a square or twice a square. - Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 03 2001
a(n) = a(n*prime(n)) - prime(n)*a(n). - Labos Elemer, Aug 14 2003 (Clarified by Omar E. Pol, Apr 27 2016)
a(n) = n*A000041(n) - Sum_{i=1..n-1} a(i)*A000041(n-i). - Jon Perry, Sep 11 2003
a(n) = -A010815(n)*n - Sum_{k=1..n-1} A010815(k)*a(n-k). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 30 2003
a(n) = f(n, 1, 1, 1), where f(n, i, x, s) = if n = 1 then s*x else if p(i)|n then f(n/p(i), i, 1+p(i)*x, s) else f(n, i+1, 1, s*x) with p(i) = i-th prime (A000040). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 17 2004
Recurrence: n^2*(n-1)*a(n) = 12*Sum_{k=1..n-1} (5*k*(n-k) - n^2)*a(k)*a(n-k), if n>1. - Dominique Giard (dominique.giard(AT)gmail.com), Jan 11 2005
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} k * x^k / (1 - x^k) = Sum_{k>0} x^k / (1 - x^k)^2. Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s)*zeta(s-1). - Michael Somos, Apr 05 2003. See the Hardy-Wright reference, p. 312. first equation, and p. 250, Theorem 290. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 09 2016
For odd n, a(n) = A000593(n). For even n, a(n) = A000593(n) + A074400(n/2). - Jonathan Vos Post, Mar 26 2006
Equals the inverse Moebius transform of the natural numbers. Equals row sums of A127093. - Gary W. Adamson, May 20 2007
A127093 * [1/1, 1/2, 1/3, ...] = [1/1, 3/2, 4/3, 7/4, 6/5, 12/6, 8/7, ...]. Row sums of triangle A135539. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 31 2007
a(n) = A054785(2*n) - A000593(2*n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 23 2008
a(n) = n*Sum_{k=1..n} A060642(n,k)/k*(-1)^(k+1). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 10 2010
Dirichlet convolution of A037213 and A034448. - R. J. Mathar, Apr 13 2011
G.f.: A(x) = x/(1-x)*(1 - 2*x*(1-x)/(G(0) - 2*x^2 + 2*x)); G(k) = -2*x - 1 - (1+x)*k + (2*k+3)*(x^(k+2)) - x*(k+1)*(k+3)*((-1 + (x^(k+2)))^2)/G(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Dec 06 2011
a(n) = A001065(n) + n. - Mats Granvik, May 20 2012
a(n) = A006128(n) - A220477(n). - Omar E. Pol, Jan 17 2013
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..A003056(n)} (-1)^(k-1)*A196020(n,k). - conjectured by Omar E. Pol, Feb 02 2013, and proved by Max Alekseyev, Nov 17 2013
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..A003056(n)} (-1)^(k-1)*A000330(k)*A000716(n-A000217(k)). - Mircea Merca, Mar 05 2014
a(n) = A240698(n, A000005(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 10 2014
a(n) = Sum_{d^2|n} A001615(n/d^2) = Sum_{d^3|n} A254981(n/d^3). - Álvar Ibeas, Mar 06 2015
a(3*n) = A144613(n). a(3*n + 1) = A144614(n). a(3*n + 2) = A144615(n). - Michael Somos, Jul 19 2015
a(n) = Sum{i=1..n} Sum{j=1..i} cos((2*Pi*n*j)/i). - Michel Lagneau, Oct 14 2015
a(n) = A000593(n) + A146076(n). - Omar E. Pol, Apr 05 2016
a(n) = A065475(n) + A048050(n). - Omar E. Pol, Nov 28 2016
a(n) = (Pi^2*n/6)*Sum_{q>=1} c_q(n)/q^2, with the Ramanujan sums c_q(n) given in A054533 as a c_n(k) table. See the Hardy reference, p. 141, or Hardy-Wright, Theorem 293, p. 251. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 06 2017
G.f. also (1 - E_2(q))/24, with the g.f. E_2 of A006352. See e.g., Hardy, p. 166, eq. (10.5.5). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 31 2017
From Antti Karttunen, Nov 25 2017: (Start)
a(n) = A048250(n) + A162296(n).
a(n) = A092261(n) * A295294(n). [This can be further expanded, see comment in A291750.] (End)
a(n) = A000593(n) * A038712(n). - Ivan N. Ianakiev and Omar E. Pol, Nov 26 2017
a(n) = Sum_{q=1..n} c_q(n) * floor(n/q), where c_q(n) is the Ramanujan's sum function given in A054533. - Daniel Suteu, Jun 14 2018
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} gcd(n, k) / phi(n / gcd(n, k)), where phi(k) is the Euler totient function. - Daniel Suteu, Jun 21 2018
a(n) = (2^(1 + (A000005(n) - A001227(n))/(A000005(n) - A183063(n))) - 1)*A000593(n) = (2^(1 + (A183063(n)/A001227(n))) - 1)*A000593(n). - Omar E. Pol, Nov 03 2018
a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n} tau(gcd(n, i)). - Ridouane Oudra, Oct 15 2019
From Peter Bala, Jan 19 2021: (Start)
G.f.: A(x) = Sum_{n >= 1} x^(n^2)*(x^n + n*(1 - x^(2*n)))/(1 - x^n)^2 - differentiate equation 5 in Arndt w.r.t. x, and set x = 1.
A(x) = F(x) + G(x), where F(x) is the g.f. of A079667 and G(x) is the g.f. of A117004. (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} tau(n/gcd(n,k))*phi(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)). - Richard L. Ollerton, May 07 2021
With the convention that a(n) = 0 for n <= 0 we have the recurrence a(n) = t(n) + Sum_{k >= 1} (-1)^(k+1)*(2*k + 1)*a(n - k*(k + 1)/2), where t(n) = (-1)^(m+1)*(2*m+1)*n/3 if n = m*(m + 1)/2, with m positive, is a triangular number else t(n) = 0. For example, n = 10 = (4*5)/2 is a triangular number, t(10) = -30, and so a(10) = -30 + 3*a(9) - 5*a(7) + 7*a(4) = -30 + 39 - 40 + 49 = 18. - Peter Bala, Apr 06 2022
Recurrence: a(p^x) = p*a(p^(x-1)) + 1, if p is prime and for any integer x. E.g., a(5^3) = 5*a(5^2) + 1 = 5*31 + 1 = 156. - Jules Beauchamp, Nov 11 2022
Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/exp(2*Pi*n) = 1/24 - 1/(8*Pi) = A319462. - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 07 2023
a(n) < (7n*A001221(n) + 10*n)/6 [Duncan, 1961] (see Duncan and Tattersall). - Stefano Spezia, Jul 13 2025

A002191 Possible values for sum of divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30, 31, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 54, 56, 57, 60, 62, 63, 68, 72, 74, 78, 80, 84, 90, 91, 93, 96, 98, 102, 104, 108, 110, 112, 114, 120, 121, 124, 126, 127, 128, 132, 133, 138, 140, 144, 150, 152, 156
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Distinct values attained by the sigma(n) function, in ascending order.
The asymptotic density of this sequence is 0 (Niven, 1951, Rao and Murty, 1979). - Amiram Eldar, Jul 23 2020

Examples

			a(100) = 272, a(10^3) = 3696, a(10^4) = 44496, a(10^5) = 510356, a(10^6) = 5691216. - _M. F. Hasler_, Nov 22 2019
		

References

  • J. W. L. Glaisher, Number-Divisor Tables. British Assoc. Math. Tables, Vol. 8, Camb. Univ. Press, 1940, p. 85.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Complement of A007369. A175192(a(n)) = 1, A054973(a(n)) >= 1. - Jaroslav Krizek, Mar 01 2010
See A083531 for the gaps, i.e., first differences. - M. F. Hasler, Mar 12 2018
Subsequence of A211347.

Programs

  • Maple
    N:= 1000: # to get all entries <= N
    select(`<=`,{seq(numtheory[sigma](i),i=1..N)},N); # Robert Israel, Jun 16 2014
  • Mathematica
    lim=1000; Select[Union[DivisorSigma[1,Range[lim]]], #<=lim &] (* T. D. Noe, May 06 2010 *)
  • PARI
    list(lim)=select(n->n<=lim,Set(vector(lim\=1,n,sigma(n)))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 12 2013
    
  • PARI
    A002191_upto(N,M=N\1+1)=Set(apply(t->min(sigma(t),M), [1..N\1-1]))[^-1] \\ Needs big stack for N >= 10^6; slower alternative: {A002191_upto(N)= my(L=List(1),s); for(n=2,N\=1,N<(s=sigma(n))||listput(L,s));Set(L)}
    A2191=A002191_upto(1e4); A002191(n)={#A2191A002191_upto(n*logint(n,10)+n); A2191[n]} \\ - M. F. Hasler, Nov 22 2019

Formula

a(n)/n < log_10(n) + O(1) with O(1) <= 1 for all n. - M. F. Hasler, Nov 22 2019

A054973 Number of numbers whose divisors sum to n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 4, 0
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Henry Bottomley, May 16 2000

Keywords

Comments

a(n) = frequency of values n in A000203(m), where A000203(m) = sum of divisors of m. a(n) >= 1 for such n that A175192(n) = 1, a(n) >= 1 if A000203(m) = n for any m. a(n) = 0 for such n that A175192(n) = 0, a(n) = 0 if A000203(m) = n has no solution. - Jaroslav Krizek, Mar 01 2010
First occurrence of k: 2, 1, 12, 24, 96, 72, ..., = A007368. - Robert G. Wilson v, May 14 2014
a(n) is also the number of positive terms in the n-th row of triangle A299762. - Omar E. Pol, Mar 14 2018
Also the number of integer partitions of n whose parts form the set of divisors of some number (necessarily the greatest part). The Heinz numbers of these partitions are given by A371283. For example, the a(24) = 3 partitions are: (23,1), (15,5,3,1), (14,7,2,1). - Gus Wiseman, Mar 22 2024

Examples

			a(12) = 2 since 11 has factors 1 and 11 with 1 + 11 = 12 and 6 has factors 1, 2, 3 and 6 with 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000203 (sum-of-divisors function).
For partial sums see A074753.
The non-strict version is A371284, ranks A371288.
These partitions have ranks A371283, unsorted version A275700.
A000005 counts divisors, row-lengths of A027750.
A000041 counts integer partitions, strict A000009.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    nn = 105; t = Table[0, {nn}]; k = 1; While[k < 6 nn^(3/2)/Pi^2, d = DivisorSigma[1, k]; If[d < nn + 1, t[[d]]++]; k++]; t (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 14 2014 *)
    Table[Length[Select[IntegerPartitions[n],#==Reverse[Divisors[Max@@#]]&]],{n,30}] (* Gus Wiseman, Mar 22 2024 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=v = vector(0); for (i = 1, n, if (sigma(i) == n, v = concat(v, i));); #v; \\ Michel Marcus, Oct 22 2013
    
  • PARI
    a(n)=sum(k=1,n,sigma(k)==n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 12 2013
    
  • PARI
    first(n)=my(v=vector(n),t); for(k=1,n, t=sigma(n); if(t<=n, v[t]++)); v \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 08 2017
    
  • PARI
    A054973(n)=#invsigma(n) \\ See Alekseyev link for invsigma(). - M. F. Hasler, Nov 21 2019

Formula

Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = A308039. - Amiram Eldar, Dec 23 2024

Extensions

Incorrect comment deleted by M. F. Hasler, Nov 21 2019

A007368 Smallest k such that sigma(x) = k has exactly n solutions.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1, 12, 24, 96, 72, 168, 240, 336, 360, 504, 576, 1512, 1080, 1008, 720, 2304, 3600, 5376, 2520, 2160, 1440, 10416, 13392, 3360, 4032, 3024, 7056, 6720, 2880, 6480, 10800, 13104, 5040, 6048, 4320, 13440, 5760, 18720, 20736, 19152, 22680, 43680
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

It's not obvious that a(n) exists for all n; I'd like to see a proof. - David Wasserman, Jun 07 2002
Note that k-1 is frequently prime. See A115374 for the least prime. For each n, it appears that there are an infinite number of k such that sigma(x)=k has exactly n solutions. - T. D. Noe, Jan 21 2006
According to Sierpiński, H. J. Kanold proved that there is a k such that sigma(x)=k has n or more solutions. Sierpiński states that Erdős proved that if, for some k, sigma(x)=k has exactly n solutions, then there are an infinite number of such k. - T. D. Noe, Oct 18 2006
Index of the first occurrence of n in A054973. - Jaroslav Krizek, Apr 25 2009

Examples

			a(10) = 504; {204, 220, 224, 246, 284, 286, 334, 415, 451, 503} is the set of x such that sigma(x) = 504.
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 840.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A115374 (least prime p such that sigma(x)=sigma(p) has exactly n solutions).
Cf. A007369, A007370, A007371, A007372 (n such that sigma(x)=k has 0, 1, 2 and 3 solutions).
Cf. A184393, A184394, A201915 (smallest solution, largest solution, triangle of solutions for sigma(x)=a(n)).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Needs["Statistics`DataManipulation`"]; s=DivisorSigma[1, Range[10^5]]; f=Frequencies[s]; fs=Sort[f]; tfs=Transpose[fs][[1]]; utfs=Union[tfs]; firstMissing=First[Complement[Range[Last[utfs]], utfs]]; pos=1; Table[While[tfs[[pos]]T. D. Noe *)
    terms = 100; cnt = DivisorSigma[1, Range[terms^3]] // Tally // Sort; a[0] = 2; a[n_] := SelectFirst[cnt, #[[2]] == n&][[1]]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, terms - 1}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 18 2017 *)

Extensions

More terms from David W. Wilson

A085790 Integers sorted by the sum of their divisors.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6, 11, 9, 13, 8, 10, 17, 19, 14, 15, 23, 12, 29, 16, 25, 21, 31, 22, 37, 18, 27, 20, 26, 41, 43, 33, 35, 47, 34, 53, 28, 39, 49, 24, 38, 59, 61, 32, 67, 30, 46, 51, 55, 71, 73, 45, 57, 79, 44, 65, 83, 40, 58, 89, 36, 50, 42, 62, 69, 77, 52, 97, 101, 63, 103, 85
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Hugo Pfoertner, Jul 23 2003

Keywords

Comments

Integers having the same sum of divisors are sorted in ascending order, e.g., sigma(14)=sigma(15)=sigma(23)=24 -> a(15)=14, a(16)=15, a(17)=23.
Also an irregular triangle where the k-th row consists of all numbers with divisor sum k. See A054973(k) for the k-th row length. - Jeppe Stig Nielsen, Jan 29 2015
By definition this is a permutation of the positive integers. Also positive integers of A299762. - Omar E. Pol, Mar 14 2018

Examples

			a(9) = 9, a(10) = 13, a(11) = 8 because sigma(9) = 9 + 3 + 1 = 13, sigma(13) = 13 + 1 = 14, sigma(8) = 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 15 and there are no other numbers with those sigma values.
Irregular triangle starts: (row numbers to the left are not part of the sequence)
   n : row(n)
   1 : 1,
   2 :
   3 : 2,
   4 : 3,
   5 :
   6 : 5,
   7 : 4,
   8 : 7,
   9 :
  10 :
  11 :
  12 : 6, 11,
  13 : 9,
  14 : 13,
  15 : 8,
  16 :
  17 :
  18 : 10, 17,
  19 :
  20 : 19,
  21 :
  22 :
  23 :
  24 : 14, 15, 23,
  25 :
- _Jeppe Stig Nielsen_, Feb 02 2015, edited by _M. F. Hasler_, Nov 21 2019
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000203 (sigma), A007609 (values taken by sigma, with multiplicity), A002191 (possible values for sigma), A002192 (first column).
Cf. A152454 (similar sequence for proper divisors only (aliquot parts)).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    SortBy[Table[{n,DivisorSigma[1,n]},{n,120}],Last][[;;,1]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 10 2024 *)
  • PARI
    A085790_row(n)=invsigma(n) \\ Cf. Alekseyev link for invsigma(). - M. F. Hasler, Nov 21 2019

A002192 Least integer with A000203(a(n)) = A002191(n), where A002191 = range of the sum-of-divisors function A000203.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6, 9, 13, 8, 10, 19, 14, 12, 29, 16, 21, 22, 37, 18, 27, 20, 43, 33, 34, 28, 49, 24, 61, 32, 67, 30, 73, 45, 57, 44, 40, 36, 50, 42, 52, 101, 63, 85, 109, 91, 74, 54
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

This is the least integer with the increasing sigma value A002191(n). For integers sorted on the ordered sigma values A007609(n), see A085790. - Lekraj Beedassy, Oct 08 2004
The sigma function (A000203) can't have a left nor a right inverse since it is neither injective nor surjective. The first column of the table A085790 (undefined when the row length A054973(n) = 0 <=> no x has sigma(x) = n) or A051444 (which has zeros filled in for these undefined values) are right-inverse of sigma on A002191 = range of sigma: one has A000203(A051444(n)) = A000203(A085790(n,1)) = n for all n in A002191 <=> A054973(n) > 0 <=> row A085790(n,.) nonempty <=> there is x with sigma(x) = n. Since sigma(6) = sigma(11) = 12, a hypothetical left inverse g must satisfy g(12) = 6 and g(12) = 11 which is impossible. Restricted to this list A002192 of smallest indices for the possible values of sigma, there exists a left inverse g such that g(sigma(x)) = x for all x in A002192. This equation defines the function g, i.e., g(A002191(n)) := a(n). A different left inverse exists on the set of largest pre-images for the possible values of sigma, {A085790(n,A054973(n)); n in A002191} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 11, 9, 13, 8, 17, 19, 23, 12, 29, 25, 31, 22, 37, 18, 27, 41, 43, ...}. - M. F. Hasler, Nov 21 2019

References

  • J. W. L. Glaisher, Number-Divisor Tables. British Assoc. Math. Tables, Vol. 8, Camb. Univ. Press, 1940, p. 85.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

A051444 is a better version of this sequence.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    m = 1000; Clear[f]; f[k_] := f[k] = Split[{DivisorSigma[1, #], #}& /@ Range[3k] // Sort, #1[[1]] == #2[[1]]&][[1 ;; m, 1]][[All, 2]]; f[k = m]; f[k = k+m]; While[f[k] != f[k, m], k = k+m]; A002192 = f[k] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 15 2015 *)

A159886 Values k such that sigma(x) = k has more than one solution, sigma = A000203.

Original entry on oeis.org

12, 18, 24, 31, 32, 42, 48, 54, 56, 60, 72, 80, 84, 90, 96, 98, 104, 108, 114, 120, 124, 126, 128, 132, 140, 144, 152, 156, 168, 180, 182, 186, 192, 210, 216, 224, 228, 234, 240, 248, 252, 264, 270, 272, 280, 288, 294, 308, 312, 320, 324, 336, 342, 360, 372, 378, 384, 390
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Jaroslav Krizek, Apr 25 2009

Keywords

Comments

Numbers k with A054973(k) >= 2. Numbers k which occur in A000203 more than once.
Numbers k = A007609(n) with A007609(n+1) - A007609(n) = 0.
Does this sequence have finite density? - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 18 2009
See A300869 for the odd terms, much less frequent since they can only occur for x = k^2 or 2*k^2. - M. F. Hasler, Mar 16 2018

Examples

			a(1) = 12 as the multiplicity of the value 12 is 2: 12 = sigma(6) = sigma(11).
		

Crossrefs

Subsequence of A002191.
Odd terms are listed in A300869.

Programs

  • PARI
    na(n) = local(v, s); v=vector(n);for(k=1,n,s=sigma(k);if(s<=n,v[s]++));v
    la(n) = local(v, r); v=na(n);r=[];for(k=1,n,if(v[k]>1,r=concat(r,[k])));r \\ Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 18 2009
    
  • PARI
    is(k) = invsigmaNum(k) > 1; \\ Amiram Eldar, Dec 16 2024, using Max Alekseyev's invphi.gp

Extensions

Edited and extended by R. J. Mathar, Apr 28 2009

A231365 Values taken by the antisigma function (A024816), sorted into ascending order.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 2, 3, 9, 9, 20, 21, 32, 37, 50, 54, 77, 81, 96, 105, 132, 135, 168, 170, 199, 217, 240, 252, 294, 309, 338, 350, 393, 405, 464, 465, 513, 541, 575, 582, 665, 681, 724, 730, 807, 819, 902, 906, 957, 1009, 1052, 1080, 1168, 1182, 1254, 1280, 1365, 1377
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Jaroslav Krizek, Nov 09 2013

Keywords

Comments

Antisigma(n) = A024816(n) = the sum of the non-divisors of n that are between 1 and n.

Crossrefs

Cf. A007609 (values taken by the sigma(n) sorted into ascending order), A231366, A231367, A231368, A231369.

A083531 First difference sequence of A002191. Differences between possible values for sum of divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 6, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 4, 1, 5, 2, 4, 6, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 6, 2, 4, 1, 5, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 3, 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 6, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Labos Elemer, May 20 2003

Keywords

Examples

			8 and 12 are the 6th and 7th possible values for sigma(x), since they are sum of divisors of x = 7 and x = 11 respectively, while 9, 10, 11 are impossible ones so 12 - 8 = 4 = a(6) = A002191(7) - A002191(6).
From _Michael De Vlieger_, Jul 22 2017: (Start)
First position of values:
Value   First position
    1         2
    2         1
    3        10
    4         6
    5        30
    6        24
    7       277
    8       165
    9       509
   10       150
   11       824
   12       400
   13     10970
   14      1400
   15     10448
   16      1182
   17     18731
   18      2218
   19    209237
   20      3420
   21    127385
   22      6910
   23     28899
   24      5377
(End)
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A002191, A007609, A007369, A083532, A083533, A083534, A083535, A083536, A109323 (start of record gaps in A002191).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    t=Table[DivisorSigma[1, w], {w, 1, 25000}]; u=Union[%]; Delete[u-RotateRight[u], 1]
    (* Second program: *)
    With[{nn = 300}, Differences@ TakeWhile[Union@ DivisorSigma[1, Range@ nn], # < nn &]] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jul 22 2017 *)

A299762 Irregular triangle T(n,k) read by rows in which row n lists the positive integers whose sum of divisors is n, or 0 if no such integer exists.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 2, 3, 0, 5, 4, 7, 0, 0, 0, 6, 11, 9, 13, 8, 0, 0, 10, 17, 0, 19, 0, 0, 0, 14, 15, 23, 0, 0, 0, 12, 0, 29, 16, 25, 21, 31, 0, 0, 0, 22, 0, 37, 18, 27, 0, 20, 26, 41, 0, 43, 0, 0, 0, 33, 35, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 34, 53, 0, 28, 39, 49, 0, 0, 24, 38, 59, 0, 61, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 67, 0, 0, 0, 30, 46, 51, 55, 71, 0, 73
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Omar E. Pol, Mar 12 2018

Keywords

Comments

Essentially the same as the triangle described in the example section of A085790, but with 0's added in empty rows.
Are the records the same as A008578?

Examples

			First 24 rows of triangle T(n,k):
-----------------------
. n / k:  1   2   3 ...
-----------------------
| 1|      1;
| 2|      0;
| 3|      2;
| 4|      3;
| 5|      0;
| 6|      5;
| 7|      4;
| 8|      7;
| 9|      0;
|10|      0;
|11|      0;
|12|      6, 11;
|13|      9;
|14|     13;
|15|      8;
|16|      0;
|17|      0;
|18|     10, 17;
|19|      0;
|20|     19;
|21|      0;
|22|      0;
|23|      0;
|24|     14, 15, 23;
...
For n = 23 there are no positive integers whose sum of divisors is 23, so T(23, 1) = 0, which is the only element in the 23rd row of the triangle.
For n = 24 there are three positive integers whose sum of divisors is 24; they are 14, 15 and 23, since sigma(14) = 1 + 2 + 7 + 14 = 24, sigma(15) = 1 + 3 + 5 + 15 = 24 and sigma(23) = 1 + 23 = 24, so the 24th row of the triangle is [14, 15, 23].
		

Crossrefs

Row sums give A258913.
Column 1 gives A051444.
Right border gives A057637.
Positive terms give A085790.
Row n has A054973(n) positive integers.
Positive terms in the first column give A002192.
Indices of the rows that contain a zero give A007369.
Indices of the rows that contain positive terms give A002191.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    With[{nn = 74}, ReplacePart[ConstantArray[{0}, nn], PositionIndex@ Array[DivisorSigma[1, #] &, nn]]] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 16 2018 *)

Formula

sigma(T(n,k)) = n, if T(n,k) >= 1.
Showing 1-10 of 19 results. Next