A215267 -id:A215267 - cp's OEIS frontend

A008683 Möbius (or Moebius) function mu(n). mu(1) = 1; mu(n) = (-1)^k if n is the product of k different primes; otherwise mu(n) = 0.

1, -1, -1, 0, -1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 0, -1, 1, 1, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, -1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, 1, -1, -1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, 1, -1

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Moebius inversion: f(n) = Sum_{d|n} g(d) for all n <=> g(n) = Sum_{d|n} mu(d)*f(n/d) for all n.
a(n) depends only on prime signature of n (cf. A025487). So a(24) = a(375) since 24 = 2^3 * 3 and 375 = 3 * 5^3 both have prime signature (3, 1).
A008683 = A140579^(-1) * A140664. - Gary W. Adamson, May 20 2008
Coons & Borwein prove that Sum_{n>=1} mu(n) z^n is transcendental. - Jonathan Vos Post, Jun 11 2008; edited by Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 06 2017
Equals row sums of triangle A144735 (the square of triangle A054533). - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 20 2008
Conjecture: a(n) is the determinant of Redheffer matrix A143104 where T(n, n) = 0. Verified for the first 50 terms. - Mats Granvik, Jul 25 2008
From Mats Granvik, Dec 06 2008: (Start)
The Editorial Office of the Journal of Number Theory kindly provided (via B. Conrey) the following proof of the conjecture: Let A be A143104 and B be A143104 where T(n, n) = 0.
"Suppose you expand det(B_n) along the bottom row. There is only a 1 in the first position and so the answer is (-1)^n times det(C_{n-1}) say, where C_{n-1} is the (n-1) by (n-1) matrix obtained from B_n by deleting the first column and the last row. Now the determinant of the Redheffer matrix is det(A_n) = M(n) where M(n) is the sum of mu(m) for 1 <= m <= n. Expanding det(A_n) along the bottom row, we see that det(A_n) = (-1)^n * det(C_{n-1}) + M(n-1). So we have det(B_n) = (-1)^n * det(C_{n-1}) = det(A_n) - M(n-1) = M(n) - M(n-1) = mu(n)." (End)
Conjecture: Consider the table A051731 and treat 1 as a divisor. Move the value in the lower right corner vertically to a divisor position in the transpose of the table and you will find that the determinant is the Moebius function. The number of permutation matrices that contribute to the Moebius function appears to be A074206. - Mats Granvik, Dec 08 2008
Convolved with A152902 = A000027, the natural numbers. - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 14 2008
[Pickover, p. 226]: "The probability that a number falls in the -1 mailbox turns out to be 3/Pi^2 - the same probability as for falling in the +1 mailbox". - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 13 2009
Let A = A176890 and B = A * A * ... * A, then the leftmost column in matrix B converges to the Moebius function. - Mats Granvik, Gary W. Adamson, Apr 28 2010 and May 28 2020
Equals row sums of triangle A176918. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 29 2010
Calculate matrix powers: A175992^0 - A175992^1 + A175992^2 - A175992^3 + A175992^4 - ... Then the Mobius function is found in the first column. Compare this to the binomial series for (1+x)^-1 = 1 - x + x^2 - x^3 + x^4 - ... . - Mats Granvik, Gary W. Adamson, Dec 06 2010
From Richard L. Ollerton, May 08 2021: (Start)
Formulas for the numerous OEIS entries involving the Möbius transform (Dirichlet convolution of a(n) and some sequence h(n)) can be derived using the following (n >= 1):
Sum_{d|n} mu(d)*h(n/d) = Sum_{k=1..n} h(gcd(n,k))*mu(n/gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)) = Sum_{k=1..n} h(n/gcd(n,k))*mu(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)), where phi = A000010.
Use of gcd(n,k)*lcm(n,k) = n*k provides further variations. (End)
Formulas for products corresponding to the sums above are also available for sequences f(n) > 0: Product_{d|n} f(n/d)^mu(d) = Product_{k=1..n} f(gcd(n,k))^(mu(n/gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k))) = Product_{k=1..n} f(n/gcd(n,k))^(mu(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k))). - Richard L. Ollerton, Nov 08 2021

			G.f. = x - x^2 - x^3 - x^5 + x^6 - x^7 + x^10 - x^11 - x^13 + x^14 + x^15 + ...

T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 24.
L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 161, #16.
G. H. Hardy, Ramanujan: twelve lectures on subjects suggested by his life and work, Cambridge, University Press, 1940, pp. 64-65.
G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 5th ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1979, th. 262 and 287.
Clifford A. Pickover, "The Math Book, from Pythagoras to the 57th Dimension, 250 Milestones in the History of Mathematics", Sterling Publishing, 2009, p. 226. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 13 2009
G. Pólya and G. Szegő, Problems and Theorems in Analysis Volume II. Springer_Verlag 1976.
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 98-99.

Daniel Forgues, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100000 (first 10000 terms from N. J. A. Sloane)
Milton Abramowitz and Irene A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, p. 826.
All Angles, What is the Moebius function?, video, 2024.
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), pp. 705-707.
Yu Hin (Gary) Au, Decompositions of Unit Hypercubes and the Reversion of a Generalized Möbius Series, arXiv:2205.03680 [math.CO], 2022.
Olivier Bordellès, Some Explicit Estimates for the Mobius Function , J. Int. Seq. 18 (2015) 15.11.1
G. J. Chaitin, Thoughts on the Riemann hypothesis arXiv:math/0306042 [math.HO], 2003.
Michael Coons and Peter Borwein, Transcendence of Power Series for Some Number Theoretic Functions, arXiv:0806.1563 [math.NT], 2008.
Marc Deléglise and Joël Rivat, Computing the summation of the Mobius function, Experiment. Math. 5:4 (1996), pp. 291-295.
Tom Edgar, Posets and Möbius Inversion, slides, (2008).
Mats Granvik, Inverse of a triangular matrix using determinants, Inverse of a triangular matrix using matrix multiplication, Inverse of a triangular matrix as a binomial series, The ordinary generating function for the Mobius function.
Keith Matthews, Factorizing n and calculating phi(n),omega(n),d(n),sigma(n) and mu(n).
A. F. Möbius, Über eine besondere Art von Umkehrung der Reihen. Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik 9 (1832), 105-123.
Ed Pegg Jr., The Mobius function (and squarefree numbers).
Anders Björner and Richard P. Stanley, A combinatorial miscellany.
Paul Tarau, Emulating Primality with Multiset Representations of Natural Numbers, in Theoretical Aspects Of Computing, ICTAC 2011, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011, Volume 6916/2011, 218-238.
Paul Tarau, Towards a generic view of primality through multiset decompositions of natural numbers, Theoretical Computer Science, Volume 537, Jun 05 2014, pp. 105-124.
Gerard Villemin's Almanac of Numbers, Nombres de Moebius et de Mertens.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Moebius Function.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Redheffer Matrix.
Wikipedia, Moebius function.
Index entries for "core" sequences
Index entries for sequences computed from exponents in factorization of n

Variants of a(n) are A178536, A181434, A181435.
Cf. A000010, A001221, A008966, A007423, A080847, A002321 (partial sums), A069158, A055615, A129360, A140579, A140664, A140254, A143104, A152902, A206706, A063524, A007427, A007428, A124010, A073776, A074206, A132971, A156552.
Cf. A059956 (Dgf at s=2), A088453 (Dgf at s=3), A215267 (Dgf at s=4), A343308 (Dgf at s=5).

Axiom
```
[moebiusMu(n) for n in 1..100]
```

import Math.NumberTheory.Primes.Factorisation (factorise)
a008683 = mu . snd . unzip . factorise where
mu [] = 1; mu (1:es) = - mu es; mu (_:es) = 0
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 13 2015, Oct 09 2013

a008683 1 = 1
a008683 n = - sum [a008683 d | d <- [1..(n-1)], n `mod` d == 0]
-- Harry Richman, Jun 13 2025

Magma
```
[ MoebiusMu(n) : n in [1..100]];
```

with(numtheory): A008683 := n->mobius(n);
with(numtheory): [ seq(mobius(n), n=1..100) ];
# Note that older versions of Maple define mobius(0) to be -1.
# This is unwise! Moebius(0) is better left undefined.
with(numtheory):
mu:= proc(n::posint) option remember; `if`(n=1, 1,
       -add(mu(d), d=divisors(n) minus {n}))
     end:
seq(mu(n), n=1..100);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 13 2008

Array[ MoebiusMu, 100]
(* Second program: *)
m = 100; A[_] = 0;
Do[A[x_] = x - Sum[A[x^k], {k, 2, m}] + O[x]^m // Normal, {m}];
CoefficientList[A[x]/x, x] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 20 2019, after Ilya Gutkovskiy *)

A008683(n):=moebius(n)$ makelist(A008683(n),n,1,30); /* Martin Ettl, Oct 24 2012 */

PARI
```
a=n->if(n<1,0,moebius(n));
```

{a(n) = if( n<1, 0, direuler( p=2, n, 1 - X)[n])};

list(n)=my(v=vector(n,i,1)); forprime(p=2, sqrtint(n), forstep(i=p, n, p, v[i]*=-1); forstep(i=p^2, n, p^2, v[i]=0)); forprime(p=sqrtint(n)+1, n, forstep(i=p, n, p, v[i]*=-1)); v \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 27 2012

from sympy import mobius
print([mobius(i) for i in range(1, 101)])  # Indranil Ghosh, Mar 18 2017

@cached_function
def mu(n):
    if n < 2: return n
    return -sum(mu(d) for d in divisors(n)[:-1])
# Changing the sign of the sum gives the number of ordered factorizations of n A074206.
print([mu(n) for n in (1..96)])  # Peter Luschny, Dec 26 2016

Sum_{d|n} mu(d) = 1 if n = 1 else 0.
Dirichlet generating function: Sum_{n >= 1} mu(n)/n^s = 1/zeta(s). Also Sum_{n >= 1} mu(n)*x^n/(1-x^n) = x.
In particular, Sum_{n > 0} mu(n)/n = 0. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 20 2014
phi(n) = Sum_{d|n} mu(d)*n/d.
a(n) = A091219(A091202(n)).
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = -1 if e = 1; 0 if e > 1. - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
abs(a(n)) = Sum_{d|n} 2^A001221(d)*a(n/d). - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 05 2002
Sum_{d|n} (-1)^(n/d)*mobius(d) = 0 for n > 2. - Emeric Deutsch, Jan 28 2005
a(n) = (-1)^omega(n) * 0^(bigomega(n) - omega(n)) for n > 0, where bigomega(n) and omega(n) are the numbers of prime factors of n with and without repetition (A001222, A001221, A046660). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 05 2003
Dirichlet generating function for the absolute value: zeta(s)/zeta(2s). - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Sep 11 2005
mu(n) = A129360(n) * (1, -1, 0, 0, 0, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 17 2007
mu(n) = -Sum_{d < n, d|n} mu(d) if n > 1 and mu(1) = 1. - Alois P. Heinz, Aug 13 2008
a(n) = A174725(n) - A174726(n). - Mats Granvik, Mar 28 2010
a(n) = first column in the matrix inverse of a triangular table with the definition: T(1, 1) = 1, n > 1: T(n, 1) is any number or sequence, k = 2: T(n, 2) = T(n, k-1) - T(n-1, k), k > 2 and n >= k: T(n,k) = (Sum_{i = 1..k-1} T(n-i, k-1)) - (Sum_{i = 1..k-1} T(n-i, k)). - Mats Granvik, Jun 12 2010
Product_{n >= 1} (1-x^n)^(-a(n)/n) = exp(x) (product form of the exponential function). - Joerg Arndt, May 13 2011
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n, gcd(k,n)=1} exp(2*Pi*i*k/n), the sum over the primitive n-th roots of unity. See the Apostol reference, p. 48, Exercise 14 (b). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 13 2011
mu(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} A191898(n,k)*exp(-i*2*Pi*k/n)/n. (conjecture). - Mats Granvik, Nov 20 2011
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k)*floor(n/k) = 1 for n >= 1. - Peter Luschny, Feb 10 2012
a(n) = floor(omega(n)/bigomega(n))*(-1)^omega(n) = floor(A001221(n)/A001222(n))*(-1)^A001221(n). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Apr 27 2012
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = binomial(1, e) * (-1)^e. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jan 19 2013
G.f. A(x) satisfies: x^2/A(x) = Sum_{n>=1} A( x^(2*n)/A(x)^n ). - Paul D. Hanna, Apr 19 2016
a(n) = -A008966(n)*A008836(n)/(-1)^A005361(n) = -floor(rad(n)/n)Lambda(n)/(-1)^tau(n/rad(n)). - Anthony Browne, May 17 2016
a(n) = Kronecker delta of A001221(n) and A001222(n) (which is A008966) multiplied by A008836(n). - Eric Desbiaux, Mar 15 2017
a(n) = A132971(A156552(n)). - Antti Karttunen, May 30 2017
Conjecture: a(n) = Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^(k-1)*binomial(A001222(n)-1, k)*binomial(A001221(n)-1+k, k), for n > 1. Verified for the first 100000 terms. - Mats Granvik, Sep 08 2018
From Peter Bala, Mar 15 2019: (Start)
Sum_{n >= 1} mu(n)*x^n/(1 + x^n) = x - 2*x^2. See, for example, Pólya and Szegő, Part V111, Chap. 1, No. 71.
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)*mu(n)*x^n/(1 - x^n) = x + 2*(x^2 + x^4 + x^8 + x^16 + ...).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)*mu(n)*x^n/(1 + x^n) = x - 2*(x^4 + x^8 + x^16 + x^32 + ...).
Sum_{n >= 1} |mu(n)|*x^n/(1 - x^n) = Sum_{n >= 1} (2^w(n))*x^n, where w(n) is the number of different prime factors of n (Hardy and Wright, Chapter XVI, Theorem 264).
Sum_{n odd} |mu(n)|*x^n/(1 + x^(2*n)) = Sum_{n in S_1} (2^w_1(n))*x^n, where S_1 = {1, 5, 13, 17, 25, 29, ...} is the multiplicative semigroup of positive integers generated by 1 and the primes p = 1 (mod 4), and w_1(n) is the number of different prime factors p = 1 (mod 4) of n.
Sum_{n odd} (-1)^((n-1)/2)*mu(n)*x^n/(1 - x^(2*n)) = Sum_{n in S_3} (2^w_3(n))*x^n, where S_3 = {1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 19, 21, ...} is the multiplicative semigroup of positive integers generated by 1 and the primes p = 3 (mod 4), and where w_3(n) is the number of different prime factors p = 3 (mod 4) of n. (End)
G.f. A(x) satisfies: A(x) = x - Sum_{k>=2} A(x^k). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, May 11 2019
a(n) = sign(A023900(n)) * [A007947(n) = n] where [] is the Iverson bracket. - I. V. Serov, May 15 2019
a(n) = Sum_{k = 1..n} gcd(k, n)*a(gcd(k, n)) = Sum_{d divides n} a(d)*d*phi(n/d). - Peter Bala, Jan 16 2024

A030514 a(n) = prime(n)^4.

Original entry on oeis.org

16, 81, 625, 2401, 14641, 28561, 83521, 130321, 279841, 707281, 923521, 1874161, 2825761, 3418801, 4879681, 7890481, 12117361, 13845841, 20151121, 25411681, 28398241, 38950081, 47458321, 62742241, 88529281, 104060401, 112550881, 131079601, 141158161

Offset: 1

Jeff Burch

Numbers with 5 divisors (1, p, p^2, p^3, p^4, where p is the n-th prime). - Alexandre Wajnberg, Jan 15 2006
Subsequence of A036967. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 05 2008
The n-th number with p divisors is equal to the n-th prime raised to power p-1, where p is prime. - Omar E. Pol, May 06 2008
The general product formula for even s is: product_{p = A000040} (p^s-1)/(p^s+1) = 2*Bernoulli(2s)/( binomial(2s, s)*Bernoulli^2(s)), where the infinite product is over all primes. Here, with s = 4, product_{n = 1, 2, ...} (a(n)-1)/(a(n)+1) = 6/7. In A030516, where s = 6, the product of the ratios is 691/715. For s = 8, the 8th row in A120458, the corresponding product of ratios is 7234/7293. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 01 2009
Except for the first three terms, all others are congruent to 1 mod 240. - Robert Israel, Aug 29 2014

R. J. Mathar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Prime Power.
OEIS Wiki, Index entries for number of divisors
Index to sequences related to prime signature

Cf. A030078, A085964, A131991, A131992, A000005, A000040, A001248, A157290, A215267.

Cf. A258601.

a030514 = (^ 4) . a000040
a030514_list = map (^ 4) a000040_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 03 2015

[NthPrime(n)^4: n in [1..100] ]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 22 2011

map(p -> p^4, select(isprime,[2,seq(2*i+1,i=1..100)])); # Robert Israel, Aug 29 2014

Array[Prime[#]^4 &, 5!] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Sep 01 2008 *)

a(n)=prime(n)^4 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 21 2013

[p**4 for p in prime_range(100)]
# Zerinvary Lajos, May 15 2007

a(n) = A000040(n)^(5-1) = A000040(n)^4, where 5 is the number of divisors of a(n). - Omar E. Pol, May 06 2008
A000005(a(n)) = 5. - Alexandre Wajnberg, Jan 15 2006
A056595(a(n)) = 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2011
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = P(4) = 0.0769931397... (A085964). - Amiram Eldar, Jul 27 2020
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 23 2021: (Start)
Product_{n>=1} (1 + 1/a(n)) = zeta(4)/zeta(8) = 105/Pi^4 (A157290).
Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/a(n)) = 1/zeta(4) = 90/Pi^4 (A215267). (End)

Description corrected by Eric W. Weisstein

A046100 Biquadratefree numbers: numbers that are not divisible by any 4th power greater than 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein

nonn

Differs from A023809 at entries 0, 81, 162, 225, 226, etc. - R. J. Mathar, Oct 18 2008
Density is 1/zeta(4) = A215267 = 0.923938.... - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 02 2015
The Schnirelmann density of the biquadratefree numbers is 145/157 (Orr, 1969). - Amiram Eldar, Mar 12 2021
This sequence has arbitrarily large gaps and hence is not a Beatty sequence. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 27 2022

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (terms 1..1000 from T. D. Noe)
Richard C. Orr, On the Schnirelmann density of the sequence of k-free integers, Journal of the London Mathematical Society, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1969), pp. 313-319.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Biquadratefree.

Cf. A046101, A005117 (2-free), A004709 (3-free).
Cf. A023809, A051903, A215267.
Subsequence of A209061.

a046100 n = a046100_list !! (n-1)
a046100_list = filter ((< 4) . a051903) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2015

A046100 := proc(n)
    option remember;
    local a,p,is4free;
    if n = 1 then
        return 1;
    else
        for a from procname(n-1)+1 do
            is4free := true ;
            for p in ifactors(a)[2] do
                if op(2,p) >= 4 then
                    is4free := false;
                    break;
                end if;
            end do:
            if is4free then
                return a;
            end if;
        end do:
    end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Aug 08 2012

lst={};Do[a=0;Do[If[FactorInteger[m][[n, 2]]>4, a=1], {n, Length[FactorInteger[m]]}];If[a!=1, AppendTo[lst, m]], {m, 5!}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Sep 27 2008 *)
Select[Range[100],Max[FactorInteger[#][[;;,2]]]<4&] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 13 2023 *)

is(n)=n==1 || vecmax(factor(n)[,2])<4 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 16 2012

from sympy import mobius, integer_nthroot
def A046100(n):
    def f(x): return n+x-sum(mobius(k)*(x//k**4) for k in range(1, integer_nthroot(x,4)[0]+1))
    m, k = n, f(n)
    while m != k:
        m, k = k, f(k)
    return m # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 05 2024

def is_biquadratefree(n):
    return all(c[1] < 4 for c in n.factor())
def A046100_list(n): return [i for i in (1..n) if is_biquadratefree(i)]
A046100_list(76) # Peter Luschny, Aug 08 2012

A051903(a(n)) < 4. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2015

Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n)^s = zeta(s)/zeta(4*s), for s > 1. - Amiram Eldar, Dec 27 2022

Name edited by Amiram Eldar, Jul 29 2024

A059376 Jordan function J_3(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, 26, 56, 124, 182, 342, 448, 702, 868, 1330, 1456, 2196, 2394, 3224, 3584, 4912, 4914, 6858, 6944, 8892, 9310, 12166, 11648, 15500, 15372, 18954, 19152, 24388, 22568, 29790, 28672, 34580, 34384, 42408, 39312, 50652, 48006, 57096

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 28 2001

L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 199, #3.
R. Sivaramakrishnan, "The many facets of Euler's totient. II. Generalizations and analogues", Nieuw Arch. Wisk. (4) 8 (1990), no. 2, 169-187.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
D. H. Lehmer, On a theorem of von Sterneck, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 37(10): 723-726 (1931)
Wikipedia, Jordan's totient function.

See A059379 and A059380 (triangle of values of J_k(n)), A000010 (J_1), A007434 (J_2), A059377 (J_4), A059378 (J_5), A069091 - A069095 (J_6 through J_10).

Cf. A013662, A215267.

J := proc(n,k) local i,p,t1,t2; t1 := n^k; for p from 1 to n do if isprime(p) and n mod p = 0 then t1 := t1*(1-p^(-k)); fi; od; t1; end; # (with k = 3)
A059376 := proc(n)
    add(d^3*numtheory[mobius](n/d),d=numtheory[divisors](n)) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Nov 03 2015

JordanJ[n_, k_: 1] := DivisorSum[n, #^k*MoebiusMu[n/#] &]; f[n_] := JordanJ[n, 3]; Array[f, 39]
f[p_, e_] := p^(3*e) - p^(3*(e-1)); a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Oct 12 2020 *)

for(n=1,120,print1(sumdiv(n,d,d^3*moebius(n/d)),","))

for (n = 1, 1000, write("b059376.txt", n, " ", sumdiv(n, d, d^3*moebius(n/d))); ) \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 26 2009

seq(n) = dirmul(vector(n,k,k^3), vector(n,k,moebius(k)));
seq(39)  \\ Gheorghe Coserea, May 11 2016

from math import prod
from sympy import factorint
def A059376(n): return prod(p**(3*(e-1))*(p**3-1) for p, e in factorint(n).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, Jan 29 2024

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^(3e) - p^(3e-3). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jul 26 2001
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} d^3*mu(n/d). - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 05 2002
Dirichlet generating function: zeta(s-3)/zeta(s). - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Sep 11 2005
A063453(n) divides a(n). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 30 2011
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} gcd(k,n)^3 * cos(2*Pi*k/n). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jan 18 2013
a(n) = n^3*Product_{distinct primes p dividing n} (1-1/p^3). - Tom Edgar, Jan 09 2015
G.f.: Sum_{n>=1} a(n)*x^n/(1 - x^n) = x*(1 + 4*x + x^2)/(1 - x)^4. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Apr 25 2017
Sum_{d|n} a(d) = n^3. - Werner Schulte, Jan 12 2018
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ 45*n^4 / (2*Pi^4). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 07 2019
From Amiram Eldar, Oct 12 2020: (Start)
lim_{n->oo} (1/n) * Sum_{k=1..n} a(k)/k^3 = 1/zeta(4) (A215267).
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Product_{p prime} (1 + p^3/(p^3-1)^2) = 1.2253556451... (End)
O.g.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} mu(n)*x^n*(1 + 4*x^n + x^(2*n))/(1 - x^n)^4 = x + 7*x^2 + 26*x^3 + 56*x^4 + 124*x^5 + .... - Peter Bala, Jan 31 2022
From Peter Bala, Jan 01 2024: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{d divides n} d * J_2(d) * phi(n/d) = Sum_{d divides n} d^2 * phi(d) * J_2(n/d), where J_2(n) = A007434(n).
a(n) = Sum_{k = 1..n} gcd(k, n) * J_2(gcd(k, n)) = Sum_{1 <= j, k <= n} gcd(j, k, n)^2 * J_1(gcd(j, k, n)). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{1 <= i, j <= n, lcm(i, j) = n} phi(i)*J_2(j) = Sum_{1 <= i, j, k <= n, lcm(i, j, k) = n} phi(i)*phi(j)*phi(k), where J_2(n) = A007434(n). - Peter Bala, Jan 29 2024

A046101 Biquadrateful numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 81, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160, 162, 176, 192, 208, 224, 240, 243, 256, 272, 288, 304, 320, 324, 336, 352, 368, 384, 400, 405, 416, 432, 448, 464, 480, 486, 496, 512, 528, 544, 560, 567, 576, 592, 608, 624, 625, 640, 648, 656, 672, 688, 704

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein

nonn

The convention in the OEIS is that squareful, cubeful (A046099), biquadrateful, ... mean the same as "not squarefree" etc., while 2- or square-full, 3- or cube-full (A036966), 4-full (A036967) are used for Golomb's notion of powerful numbers (A001694, see references there), when each prime factor occurs to a power > 1. - M. F. Hasler, Feb 12 2008
Also solutions to equation tau_{-3}(n)=0, where tau_{-3} is A007428. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jan 19 2013
Sum_{n>0} 1/a(n)^s = Zeta(s) - Zeta(s)/Zeta(4s). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jan 21 2013
A051903(a(n)) > 3. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2015
The asymptotic density of this sequence is 1 - 1/zeta(4) = 1 - 90/Pi^4 = 0.076061... - Amiram Eldar, Jul 09 2020

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Biquadratefree.

Cf. A046100, A046099, A036967, A001694, A051903, A215267.

a046101 n = a046101_list !! (n-1)
a046101_list = filter ((> 3) . a051903) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2015

with(NumberTheory):
isBiquadrateful := n -> is(denom(Radical(n) / LargestNthPower(n, 2)) <> 1):
select(isBiquadrateful, [`$`(1..704)]);  # Peter Luschny, Jul 12 2022

lst={};Do[a=0;Do[If[FactorInteger[m][[n, 2]]>3, a=1], {n, Length[FactorInteger[m]]}];If[a==1, AppendTo[lst, m]], {m, 10^3}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Aug 15 2008 *)
Select[Range[1000],Max[Transpose[FactorInteger[#]][[2]]]>3&] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 25 2014 *)

is(n)=n>9 && vecmax(factor(n)[,2])>3 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 03 2015

from sympy import mobius, integer_nthroot
def A046101(n):
    def f(x): return n+sum(mobius(k)*(x//k**4) for k in range(1, integer_nthroot(x,4)[0]+1))
    m, k = n, f(n)
    while m != k:
        m, k = k, f(k)
    return m # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 05 2024

A082540 Number of ordered quadruples (a,b,c,d) with gcd(a,b,c,d)=1 (1 <= {a,b,c,d} <= n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 15, 79, 239, 607, 1199, 2303, 3823, 6223, 9279, 13919, 19183, 27007, 35743, 47519, 60735, 78719, 97103, 122447, 148527, 181839, 216959, 262543, 306863, 365343, 423855, 495855, 569055, 661679, 748527, 862047, 972191, 1104831, 1237247

Offset: 1

Benoit Cloitre, May 11 2003

nonn

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Column k=4 of A344527.
Cf. A018805, A071778, A082544, A343978.
Cf. A015634.

a(n)=sum(k=1,n,moebius(k)*floor(n/k)^4)

from functools import lru_cache
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def A082540(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    c, j = 1, 2
    k1 = n//j
    while k1 > 1:
        j2 = n//k1 + 1
        c += (j2-j)*A082540(k1)
        j, k1 = j2, n//j2
    return n*(n**3-1)-c+j # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 29 2021

a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} mu(k)*floor(n/k)^4.
a(n) is asymptotic to c*n^4 with c=0.92393....
Lim_{n->infinity} a(n)/n^4 = 1/zeta(4) = A215267 = 90/Pi^4. - Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Apr 11 2021
Lim_{n->infinity} n^4/a(n) =   zeta(4) = A013662 = Pi^4/90. - Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Apr 11 2021
a(n) = n^4 - Sum_{k=2..n} a(floor(n/k)). - Seiichi Manyama, Sep 13 2024

A068782 Lesser of two consecutive numbers each divisible by a fourth power.

Original entry on oeis.org

80, 624, 1215, 1376, 2400, 2511, 2672, 3807, 3968, 4374, 5103, 5264, 6399, 6560, 7695, 7856, 8991, 9152, 9375, 10287, 10448, 10624, 11583, 11744, 12879, 13040, 14175, 14336, 14640, 15471, 15632, 16767, 16928, 18063, 18224, 19359, 19375

Offset: 1

Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 04 2002

nonn

The asymptotic density of this sequence is 1 - 2/zeta(4) + Product_{p prime} (1 - 2/p^4) = 0.001856185541538432217... - Amiram Eldar, Feb 16 2021

Below 9508685764, it suffices to check for n such that either n or n+1 is divisible by p^4 for some p <= 19. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 17 2024

			80 is a term as 80 and 81 both are divisible by a fourth power, 2^4 and 3^4 respectively.

Charles R Greathouse IV, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Subsequence of A068140.

Cf. A068780, A068781, A068783, A068784, A068785, A046101, A215267.

Select[ Range[2, 25000], Max[ Transpose[ FactorInteger[ # ]] [[2]]] > 3 && Max[ Transpose[ FactorInteger[ # + 1]] [[2]]] > 3 &]

has(n)=vecmax(factor(n)[,2])>3
is(n)=has(n+1)&&has(n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 19 2018

list(lim)=my(v=List(),x=1); forfactored(n=81,lim\1+1, if(vecmax(n[2][,2])>3, if(x,listput(v,n[1]-1),x=1),x=0)); Vec(v) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 19 2018

a(0) = 0 removed by Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 19 2018

A343193 Number of ordered quadruples (w, x, y, z) with gcd(w, x, y, z) = 1 and 1 <= {w, x, y, z} <= 10^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 9279, 92434863, 923988964495, 9239427676877311, 92393887177379735327, 923938441006918271400831, 9239384074081430755652624559, 92393840333765561759423951663423, 923938402972369921481535120722882015

Offset: 0

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Apr 07 2021

nonn

			(1,2,2,3) is counted, but (2,4,4,6) is not, because gcd = 2.
For n=1, the size of the division tesseract matrix is 10 X 10 X 10 X 10:
.
              o------------x(w=10)------------o
             /|.                            ./ |
            / |.                           ./  |
           /  |.                          ./   |
          /   |.                         ./    |
         /    |.                      z(w=10)  |
        /     |.                      . /      |
       /      |.                     . /       |
      /       |.                   .  /     y(w=10)
     o------------------------------.o         |
    |\        /|¯¯¯¯¯¯x(w=1)¯¯¯¯¯¯/. |         |
    | w      / |                 /.| |         |
    |  \ z(w=1)|                /. | |         |
    |   \  /   |y(w=1)         /.  | |         |
    |    \/-------------------/.   | |         |
    |     |                   |    | |         |        w | sums
    |     |  Cube at w = 1    |    | |         |      ----+-----
    |     |   10 X 10 X 10    | _ _| |---------o        1 | 1000
    |     |    contains       |    / |         /        2 |  875
    |     |      1000         |   /  |        /         3 |  973
    |     |    completely     |  /   |       /          4 |  875
    |     | reduced fractions | /    |      /           5 |  992
    |     |                   |/     |     /            6 |  849
    |     /------------------- \     |    /             7 |  999
    |    /                      \    |   /              8 |  875
    |   w                        w   |  /               9 |  973
    |  /                          \  | /               10 |  868
    | /                            \ |/               ----+-----
    o -------------------------------o       sum for a(1) | 9279

Joachim von zur Gathen and Jürgen Gerhard, Modern Computer Algebra, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition 2003, pp. 53-54.

Chai Wah Wu, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..15

Cf. A215267, A013662, A082540, A342841 (3D), A342586 (2D).
Related counts of k-tuples:
pairs: A018805, A342632, A342586;
triples: A071778, A342935, A342841;
quadruples: A082540, A343527, A343193;
5-tuples: A343282;
6-tuples: A343978, A344038. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 13 2021

from labmath import mobius
def A343193(n): return sum(mobius(k)*(10**n//k)**4 for k in range(1, 10**n+1))

Lim_{n->infinity} a(n)/10^(4*n) = 1/zeta(4) = A215267 = 90/Pi^4.

a(n) = A082540(10^n).

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 13 2021

A343527 Number of ordered quadruples (w, x, y, z) with gcd(w, x, y, z) = 1 and 1 <= {w, x, y, z} <= 2^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 15, 239, 3823, 60735, 972191, 15517679, 248252879, 3969108895, 63506982943, 1015951568815, 16255093526239, 260068569617727, 4161109496115135, 66577084386669199, 1065232436999055375, 17043668344393625999, 272698739815301095247, 4363176901343767529551, 69810828455823683068415, 1116973047989955380768527

Offset: 0

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Apr 18 2021

nonn

			.
For n=3, the size of the gris is 8 X 8 X 8 X 8:
.
              o------------x(w=8)-------------o
             /|.                            ./ |
            / |.                           ./  |
           /  |.                          ./   |
          /   |.                         ./    |
         /    |.                      z(w=8)   |
        /     |.                      . /      |
       /      |.                     . /       |
      /       |.                   .  /     y(w=8)
     o------------------------------.o         |
    |\        /|¯¯¯¯¯¯x(w=1)¯¯¯¯¯¯/. |         |
    | w      / |                 /.| |         |
    |  \ z(w=1)|                /. | |         |
    |   \  /   |y(w=1)         /.  | |         |
    |    \/-------------------/.   | |         |
    |     |                   |    | |         |        w | sums
    |     |  Cube at w = 1    |    | |         |      ----+-----
    |     |    8 X 8 X 8      | _ _| |---------o        1 |  512
    |     |    contains       |    / |         /        2 |  448
    |     |       512         |   /  |        /         3 |  504
    |     |    completely     |  /   |       /          4 |  448
    |     | reduced fractions | /    |      /           5 |  511
    |     |                   |/     |     /            6 |  441
    |     /------------------- \     |    /             7 |  511
    |    /                      \    |   /              8 |  448
    |   w                        w   |  /             ----+-----
    |  /                          \  | /     sum for a(3) | 3823
    | /                            \ |/
    o -------------------------------o

Chai Wah Wu, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..52 (n = 0..31 from Karl-Heinz Hofmann)

Cf. A018805, A342632, A342586, A071778.

Cf. A342935, A342841, A082540, A343193.

from labmath import mobius
def A343527(n): return sum(mobius(k)*(2**n//k)**4 for k in range(1, 2**n+1))

Lim_{n->infinity} a(n)/2^(4*n) = 1/zeta(4) = A215267 = 90/Pi^4.

a(n) = A082540(2^n).

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 13 2021

A343308 Decimal expansion of 1/zeta(5).

Original entry on oeis.org

9, 6, 4, 3, 8, 7, 3, 4, 0, 4, 2, 9, 2, 6, 2, 4, 5, 9, 1, 2, 6, 4, 3, 6, 5, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 9, 8, 4, 5, 7, 1, 2, 3, 7, 6, 5, 0, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 1, 6, 4, 0, 2, 1, 8, 8, 5, 0, 6, 0, 9, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 8, 3, 3, 9, 0, 3, 4, 9, 0, 0, 2, 5, 5, 5, 1, 0, 6, 9, 6, 9, 5, 0, 5, 1, 8, 3, 2, 3, 2, 9, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 2, 5, 6, 1, 8

Offset: 0

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Apr 11 2021

Decimal expansion of 1/zeta(5), the inverse of A013663.

The Riemann zeta(5) function has no known closed-form formula. It is not known if this value is irrational, let alone transcendental.

			0.9643873404292624591264365884449845712376504613516...

Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
OEIS Wiki, Riemann Zeta function.

Cf. A013663, A059956, A088453, A215267.

RealDigits[1/Zeta[5], 10, 100][[1]] (* Amiram Eldar, Apr 11 2021 *)

PARI
```
1/zeta(5) \\ Michel Marcus, Aug 29 2021
```

Equals 1/A013663.
Equals Sum_{k>=1} mobius(k) / k^5. - Sean A. Irvine, Aug 28 2021
Equals Product_{p prime} (1 - 1/p^5). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 01 2023

cp's OEIS Frontend

A008683 Möbius (or Moebius) function mu(n). mu(1) = 1; mu(n) = (-1)^k if n is the product of k different primes; otherwise mu(n) = 0.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Axiom

Haskell

Haskell

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

Maxima

PARI

PARI

PARI

Python

Sage

Formula

A030514 a(n) = prime(n)^4.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Haskell

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Sage

Formula

Extensions

A046100 Biquadratefree numbers: numbers that are not divisible by any 4th power greater than 1.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Haskell

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Python

Sage

Formula

Extensions

A059376 Jordan function J_3(n).

Views

Author

Keywords

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

PARI

PARI

Python

Formula

A046101 Biquadrateful numbers.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Haskell