cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A271703 Triangle read by rows: the unsigned Lah numbers T(n, k) = binomial(n-1, k-1)*n!/k! if n > 0 and k > 0, T(n, 0) = 0^n and otherwise 0, for n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 6, 6, 1, 0, 24, 36, 12, 1, 0, 120, 240, 120, 20, 1, 0, 720, 1800, 1200, 300, 30, 1, 0, 5040, 15120, 12600, 4200, 630, 42, 1, 0, 40320, 141120, 141120, 58800, 11760, 1176, 56, 1, 0, 362880, 1451520, 1693440, 846720, 211680, 28224, 2016, 72, 1
Offset: 0

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Author

Peter Luschny, Apr 14 2016

Keywords

Comments

The Lah numbers can be seen as the case m=1 of the family of triangles T_{m}(n,k) = T_{m}(n-1,k-1)+(k^m+(n-1)^m)*T_{m}(n-1,k) (see the link 'Partition transform').
This is the Sheffer triangle (lower triangular infinite matrix) (1, x/(1-x)), an element of the Jabotinsky subgroup of the Sheffer group. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 12 2017

Examples

			As a rectangular array (diagonals of the triangle):
  1,      1,       1,       1,       1,       1,       ... A000012
  0,      2,       6,       12,      20,      30,      ... A002378
  0,      6,       36,      120,     300,     630,     ... A083374
  0,      24,      240,     1200,    4200,    11760,   ... A253285
  0,      120,     1800,    12600,   58800,   211680,  ...
  0,      720,     15120,   141120,  846720,  3810240, ...
A000007, A000142, A001286, A001754, A001755,  A001777.
The triangle T(n,k) begins:
n\k 0       1        2        3        4       5      6     7    8  9 10 ...
0:  1
1:  0       1
2:  0       2        1
3:  0       6        6        1
4:  0      24       36       12        1
5:  0     120      240      120       20       1
6:  0     720     1800     1200      300      30      1
7:  0    5040    15120    12600     4200     630     42     1
8:  0   40320   141120   141120    58800   11760   1176    56    1
9:  0  362880  1451520  1693440   846720  211680  28224  2016   72  1
10: 0 3628800 16329600 21772800 12700800 3810240 635040 60480 3240 90  1
...  - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jun 12 2017
		

References

  • R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, Addison-Wesley, 2nd ed., pp. 312, 552.
  • I. Lah, Eine neue Art von Zahlen, ihre Eigenschaften und Anwendung in der mathematischen Statistik, Mitt.-Bl. Math. Statistik, 7:203-213, 1955.
  • T. Mansour, M. Schork, Commutation Relations, Normal Ordering, and Stirling Numbers, CRC Press, 2016

Crossrefs

Variants: A008297 the main entry for these numbers, A105278, A111596 (signed).
A000262 (row sums). Largest number of the n-th row in A002868.

Programs

  • Maple
    T := (n, k) -> `if`(n=k, 1, binomial(n-1,k-1)*n!/k!):
    seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..9);
  • Mathematica
    T[n_, k_] := Binomial[n, k]*FactorialPower[n-1, n-k];
    Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 9}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 20 2017 *)
  • Sage
    @cached_function
    def T(n,k):
        if k<0 : return 0
        if k==n: return 1
        return T(n-1,k-1) + (k+n-1)*T(n-1,k)
    for n in (0..8): print([T(n,k) for k in (0..n)])

Formula

For a collection of formulas see the 'Lah numbers' link.
T(n, k) = A097805(n, k)*n!/k! = (-1)^k*P_{n, k}(1,1,1,...) where P_{n, k}(s) is the partition transform of s.
T(n, k) = coeff(n! * P(n), x, k) with P(n) = (1/n)*(Sum_{k=0..n-1}(x(n-k)*P(k))), for n >= 1 and P(n=0) = 1, with x(n) = n*x. See A036039. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 08 2016
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 12 2017: (Start)
E.g.f. of row polynomials R(n, x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*x^k (that is egf of the triangle) is exp(x*t/(1-t)) (a Sheffer triangle of the Jabotinsky type).
E.g.f. column k: (t/(1-t))^k/k!.
Three term recurrence: T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + (n-1+k)*T(n, k-1), n >= 1, k = 0..n, with T(0, 0) =1, T(n, -1) = 0, T(n, k) = 0 if n < k.
T(n, k) = binomial(n, k)*fallfac(x=n-1, n-k), with fallfac(x, n) = Product_{j=0..(n-1)} (x - j), for n >= 1, and 0 for n = 0.
risefac(x, n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)*fallfac(k), with risefac(x, n) = Product_{j=0..(n-1)} (x + j), for n >= 1, and 0 for n = 0.
See Graham et al., exercise 31, p. 312, solution p. 552. (End)
Formally, let f_n(x) = Sum_{k>n} (k-1)!*x^k; then f_n(x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n, k)* x^(n+k)*f_0^((k))(x), where ^((k)) stands for the k-th derivative. - Luc Rousseau, Dec 27 2020
T(n, k) = Sum_{j=k..n} A354795(n, j)*A360177(j, k). - Mélika Tebni, Feb 02 2023
T(n, k) = binomial(n, k)*(n-1)!/(k-1)! for n, k > 0. - Chai Wah Wu, Nov 30 2023

A000344 a(n) = 5*binomial(2n, n-2)/(n+3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 20, 75, 275, 1001, 3640, 13260, 48450, 177650, 653752, 2414425, 8947575, 33266625, 124062000, 463991880, 1739969550, 6541168950, 24647883000, 93078189750, 352207870014, 1335293573130, 5071418015120, 19293438101000, 73514652074500, 280531912316292
Offset: 2

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Author

Keywords

Comments

a(n-3) is the number of n-th generation vertices in the tree of sequences with unit increase labeled by 4 (cf. Zoran Sunic reference). - Benoit Cloitre, Oct 07 2003
Number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (n,n) with steps E=(1,0) and N=(0,1) which touch but do not cross the line x-y=2. Example: For n=3 there are the 5 paths EENENN, EENNEN, EENNNE, ENEENN, NEEENN. - Herbert Kociemba, May 24 2004
Number of standard tableaux of shape (n+2,n-2). - Emeric Deutsch, May 30 2004

Examples

			G.f. = x^2 + 5*x^3 + 20*x^4 + 75*x^5 + 275*x^6 + 1001*x^7 + 3640*x^8 + ...
		

References

  • C. Krishnamachary and M. Bheemasena Rao, Determinants whose elements are Eulerian, prepared Bernoullian and other numbers, J. Indian Math. Soc., Vol. 14 (1922), pp. 55-62, 122-138 and 143-146.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

T(n, n+5) for n=0, 1, 2, ..., array T as in A047072.
A diagonal of any of the essentially equivalent arrays A009766, A030237, A033184, A059365, A099039, A106566, A130020, A047072.

Programs

  • GAP
    List([2..30],n->5*Binomial(2*n,n-2)/(n+3)); # Muniru A Asiru, Aug 09 2018
  • Magma
    [5*Binomial(2*n,n-2)/(n+3): n in [2..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 03 2011
    
  • Maple
    A000344List := proc(m) local A, P, n; A := [1]; P := [1,1,1,1];
    for n from 1 to m - 2 do P := ListTools:-PartialSums([op(P), P[-1]]);
    A := [op(A), P[-1]] od; A end: A000344List(27); # Peter Luschny, Mar 26 2022
  • Mathematica
    Table[5 Binomial[2n,n-2]/(n+3),{n,2,40}] (* or *) CoefficientList[Series[ (1-Sqrt[1-4 x]+x (-5+3 Sqrt[1-4 x]-(-5+Sqrt[1-4 x]) x))/(2 x^5), {x,0,38}],x]  (* Harvey P. Dale, May 01 2011 *)
    a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, 5 Binomial[2 n, n - 2] / (n + 3)]; (* Michael Somos, May 28 2014 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=5*binomial(2*n,n-2)/(n+3) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 25 2011
    

Formula

Integral representation as n-th moment of a function on [0, 4]: a(n) = Integral_{x=0..4} x^n*((1/2)/Pi*x^(3/2)*(x^2-3*x+1)*(4-x)^(1/2)) dx, n >= 0, for which offset=0. - Karol A. Penson, Oct 11 2001
Expansion of x^2*C^5, where C = (1-(1-4*x)^(1/2))/(2*x) is g.f. for Catalan numbers (A000108). - Herbert Kociemba, May 02 2004
Let A be the Toeplitz matrix of order n defined by: A[i,i-1]=-1, A[i,j]=Catalan(j-i), (i<=j), and A[i,j]=0, otherwise. Then, for n>=4, a(n-2)=(-1)^(n-4)*coeff(charpoly(A,x),x^4). - Milan Janjic, Jul 08 2010
a(n) = A000108(n+2) - 3*A000108(n+1)+ A000108(n). - David Scambler, May 20 2012
D-finite with recurrence: (n+3)*(n-2)*a(n) = 2*n*(2n-1)*a(n-1). - R. J. Mathar, Jun 27 2012
a(n) = A214292(2*n-1,n-3) for n > 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2012
0 = a(n)*(-528*a(n+1) + 9162*a(n+2) - 9295*a(n+3) + 1859*a(n+4)) + a(n+1)*(-1650*a(n+1) - 762*a(n+2) + 4188*a(n+3) - 946*a(n+4)) + a(n+2)*(-1050*a(n+2) - 126*a(n+3) + 84*a(n+4)) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, May 28 2014
0 = a(n)*(a(n)*(+16*a(n+1) + 6*a(n+2)) + a(n+1)*(+66*a(n+1) - 105*a(n+2) + 40*a(n+3)) + a(n+2)*(-69*a(n+2) + 15*a(n+3))) +a(n+1)*(a(n+1)*(50*a(n+1) + 42*a(n+2) - 28*a(n+3)) +a(n+2)*(+12*a(n+2))) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, May 28 2014
0 = a(n)^2*(-16*a(n+1)^2 - 38*a(n+1)*a(n+2) - 12*a(n+2)^2) + a(n)*a(n+1)*(-66*a(n+1)^2 + 149*a(n+1)*a(n+2) - 23*a(n+2)^2) + a(n+1)^2*(-50*a(n+1)^2 + 2*a(n+2)^2) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, May 28 2014
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jan 22 2017: (Start)
E.g.f.: (x*(2 + x) * BesselI(0, 2*x) - (2+x+x^2) * BesselI(1, 2*x)) * exp(2*x)/x^2.
a(n) ~ 5*4^n/(sqrt(Pi)*n^(3/2)). (End)
a(n) = (1/(n+1))*Sum_{i=0..n-2} (-1)^(n+i)*(n-i+1)*binomial(2n+2,i), n >= 2. - Taras Goy, Aug 09 2018
G.f.: x^2* 2F1(5/2,3;6;4*x) . - R. J. Mathar, Jan 27 2020
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 02 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=2} 1/a(n) = 14/5 - 38*Pi/(45*sqrt(3)).
Sum_{n>=2} (-1)^n/a(n) = 1956*log(phi)/(125*sqrt(5)) - 316/125, where phi is the golden ratio (A001622). (End)
a(n) = 5*(2*n)!*(n-1)!/((2*n-4)!*(n+3)!)*A000108(n-2). - Taras Goy, Jul 15 2024
a(n) = Sum_{i+j+k+l+m = n-2} C(i)C(j)C(k)C(l)C(m), where C(s) = A000108(s). (Fifth convolution of Catalan numbers). - Taras Goy, Dec 21 2024

A075729 Number of different hierarchical orderings that can be formed from n labeled elements: these are divided into groups and the elements in each group are then arranged in a "preferential arrangement" or "weak order" as in A000670.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 23, 173, 1602, 17575, 222497, 3188806, 50988405, 899222457, 17329515172, 362164300173, 8155216185781, 196789115887252, 5064722539020379, 138457553073641465, 4006059432756066914, 122284085809137076203, 3926775294104305483621, 132313462760902116605534
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Thomas Wieder and N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 06 2002

Keywords

Comments

If all individuals form a single society ("uniparate society"), then the number of different hierarchies for that single society is equal to the ordered Bell number Bell_ordered(n) (A000670).
Represent a labeled pre-order (quasi-order, topology, A000798) as a directed graph. a(n) is the number of such digraphs in which the underlying graph of each component is complete. a(3)=23 because there are 29 such digraphs but o->o<-o and o<-o->o are not counted. Each has 3 labelings. 29 - 6 = 23. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 30 2014

Examples

			a(3) = 23: Let the n = 3 individuals be named 1, 2 and 3. Let a pair of parentheses () indicate a society and let square brackets [] denote a set of disparate societies. Finally, let the ranks be ordered from left to right and separated by a colon, e.g., (1,2:3) is a society with individual 3 on top and individuals 1 and 2 on the same bottom rank.
Then the hierarchical ordering for n = 3 is composed of the following sets: [(1),(2),(3)], [(1,2)(3)], [(3,2)(1)], [(3,1)(2)], [(1:2)(3)], [(3:2)(1)], [(1:3)(2)], [(2:1)(3)], [(2:3)(1)], [(3:1)(2)], [(3:2:1)], [(1:3:2)], [(2:1:3)], [(1:2:3)], [(3:1:2)], [(2:3:1)], [(1,3:2)], [(3,2:1)], [(2,1:3)], [(3:1,2)], [(1:2,3)], [(2:3,1)], [(1,2,3)].
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A000670, A075744. See A075900 for the unlabeled case.

Programs

  • Maple
    A075729 := n->n!*exp(1/4/ln(2)-3/4)/2/sqrt(Pi)/(2*ln(2))^(1/4)*exp(-n*ln(ln(2)))*exp(sqrt(2*n/ln(2)))*n^(-3/4);
    with(combstruct); SetSeqSetL := [T, {T=Set(S), S=Sequence(U,card >= 1), U=Set(Z,card >=1)},labeled]; seq(count(SetSeqSetL,size=j),j=1..12);
    # alternative Maple program:
    b:= proc(n) option remember: `if`(n<2, 1,
          (2*n-1)*b(n-1) -(n-1)*(n-2)*b(n-2))
        end:
    a:= n-> add(b(k)*Stirling2(n,k), k=0..n):
    seq(a(n), n=0..20);  # Alois P. Heinz, May 22 2018
  • Mathematica
    Range[0, 20]!CoefficientList[Series[E^(1/(2 - E^x) - 1), {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 13 2004 *)
    Fubini[n_, r_] := Sum[k!*Sum[(-1)^(i+k+r)(i+r)^(n-r)/(i!*(k-i-r)!), {i, 0, k-r}], {k, r, n}]; Fubini[0, 1] = 1; a[0] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = (n-1)! Sum[a[n-k] Fubini[k, 1]/((n-k)! (k-1)!), {k, 1, n}]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 20}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 31 2016 *)
    Table[Sum[BellY[n, k, PolyLog[-Range[n], 1/2]/2], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Nov 09 2016 *)
    With[{nn=20},CoefficientList[Series[Exp[1/(2-Exp[x])-1],{x,0,nn}],x] Range[0,nn]!] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 26 2022 *)
  • Maxima
    a(n):= sum(sum(stirling2(n,k)*k!*binomial(k-1,m-1), k,m,n)/m!, m,1,n) /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 10 2010 */

Formula

E.g.f.: exp(f(x)-1) where f(x) = 1/(2-exp(x)) = e.g.f. for A000670.
STIRLINGi transform of A000262.
a(n) = (n-1)! * Sum_k=1^n a(n-k)*b(k)/((n-k)!*(k-1)!); a(n) = a(n) + C(n-1, k-1)*a(n-k)*b(k) (where b(n) = A000670(n)). - Thomas Wieder, Dec 31 2002
a(n) = (Sum_{j=1..n} m(j))*(n!*Product_{j=1..n} B(j)^m(j))/(Product_{j=1..n} (m(j))!*(j!)^m(j)), where the sum is over all (m(1),m(2),...,m(n)) such that Sum_{j=1..n} (j*m(j)) = n. - Thomas Wieder, May 18 2003
a(n) is asymptotic to exp(1/(4*log(2))-3/4) /(2*sqrt(Pi*sqrt(2*log(2)))) *n!*exp(-log(log(2))*n)*exp(sqrt(2*n /log(2))) /n^(3/4). Calculated using the Maple package "algolib", using the command "equivalent(exp(1/(2-exp(x))-1), x, n);". - Thomas Wieder, Nov 12 2002
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A079641(n,k)*A000110(k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 25 2006
a(n) = sum(sum(stirling2(n,k)*k!*C(k-1,m-1), k=m..n)/m!, m=1..n). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 10 2010

A057625 a(n) = n! * sum 1/k! where the sum is over all positive integers k that divide n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 7, 37, 121, 1201, 5041, 62161, 423361, 5473441, 39916801, 818959681, 6227020801, 130784734081, 1536517382401, 32256486662401, 355687428096001, 10679532671808001, 121645100408832001, 3770998783116364801, 59616236292028416001, 1686001119824999577601
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Leroy Quet, Oct 09 2000

Keywords

Comments

Sets of lists of equal size, cf. A000262. - Vladeta Jovovic, Nov 02 2003
From Gus Wiseman, Jan 10 2019: (Start)
Number of matrices whose entries are 1,...,n, up to column permutations. For example, inequivalent representatives of the a(4) = 37 matrices are:
One 1 X 4 matrix:
[1234]
12 2 X 2 matrices:
[12] [12] [13] [13] [14] [14] [23] [23] [24] [24] [34] [34]
[34] [43] [24] [42] [23] [32] [14] [41] [13] [31] [12] [21]
and 24 4 X 1 matrices:
[1][1][1][1][1][1][2][2][2][2][2][2][3][3][3][3][3][3][4][4][4][4][4][4]
[2][2][3][3][4][4][1][1][3][3][4][4][1][1][2][2][4][4][1][1][2][2][3][3]
[3][4][2][4][2][3][3][4][1][4][1][3][2][4][1][4][1][2][2][3][1][3][1][2]
[4][3][4][2][3][2][4][3][4][1][3][1][4][2][4][1][2][1][3][2][3][1][2][1]
in total 1+12+24 = 37.
(End)

Examples

			a(4) = 4! (1 + 1/2! + 1/4!) = 24 (1 + 1/2 + 1/24) = 37.
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    a[n_] := n! DivisorSum[n, 1/#! &]; Array[a, 22] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 23 2015 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=n! * sumdiv(n, d, 1/d! );  /* Joerg Arndt, Oct 07 2012 */

Formula

E.g.f.: Sum_{n>0} (exp(x^n)-1). - Vladeta Jovovic, Dec 30 2001
E.g.f.: Sum_{k>0} x^k/k!/(1-x^k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 14 2003
Equals the logarithmic derivative of A209903. - Paul D. Hanna, Jul 26 2012

A000588 a(n) = 7*binomial(2n,n-3)/(n+4).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 7, 35, 154, 637, 2548, 9996, 38760, 149226, 572033, 2187185, 8351070, 31865925, 121580760, 463991880, 1771605360, 6768687870, 25880277150, 99035193894, 379300783092, 1453986335186, 5578559816632, 21422369201800, 82336410323440, 316729578421620
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

a(n-5) is the number of n-th generation vertices in the tree of sequences with unit increase labeled by 6 (cf. Zoran Sunic reference). - Benoit Cloitre, Oct 07 2003
Number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (n,n) with steps E=(1,0) and N=(0,1) which touch but do not cross the line x-y=3. Example: For n=3 there is only one path EEENNN. - Herbert Kociemba, May 24 2004
Number of standard tableaux of shape (n+3,n-3). - Emeric Deutsch, May 30 2004

Examples

			G.f. = x^3 + 7*x^4 + 35*x^5 + 154*x^6 + 637*x^7 + 2548*x^8 + 9996*x^9 + ...
		

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

First differences are in A026014.
A diagonal of any of the essentially equivalent arrays A009766, A030237, A033184, A059365, A099039, A106566, A130020, A047072.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    a[n_] := 7*Binomial[2n, n-3]/(n + 4); Table[a[n],{n,0,27}] (* James C. McMahon, Dec 05 2023 *)
  • PARI
    A000588(n)=7*binomial(2*n,n-3)/(n+4) \\ M. F. Hasler, Aug 25 2012
    
  • PARI
    my(x='x+O('x^50)); concat([0, 0, 0], Vec(x^3*((1-(1-4*x)^(1/2))/(2*x))^7)) \\ Altug Alkan, Nov 01 2015

Formula

Expansion of x^3*C^7, where C = (1-(1-4*x)^(1/2))/(2*x) is the g.f. for the Catalan numbers, A000108. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 03 2004
Let A be the Toeplitz matrix of order n defined by: A[i,i-1]=-1, A[i,j]=Catalan(j-i), (i<=j), and A[i,j]=0, otherwise. Then, for n>=6, a(n-3)=(-1)^(n-6)*coeff(charpoly(A,x),x^6). - Milan Janjic, Jul 08 2010
a(n) = A214292(2*n-1,n-4) for n > 3. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2012
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jan 22 2017: (Start)
E.g.f.: (1/6)*x^3*1F1(7/2; 8; 4*x).
a(n) ~ 7*4^n/(sqrt(Pi)*n^(3/2)). (End)
0 = a(n)*(+1456*a(n+1) - 87310*a(n+2) + 132834*a(n+3) - 68068*a(n+4) + 9724*a(n+5)) + a(n+1)*(+8918*a(n+1) - 39623*a(n+2) + 51726*a(n+3) - 299*a(n+4) - 1573*a(n+5)) + a(n+2)*(-24696*a(n+2) - 1512*a(n+3) + 1008*a(n+4)) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Jan 22 2017
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 02 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=3} 1/a(n) = 27/14 - 26*Pi/(63*sqrt(3)).
Sum_{n>=3} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 11364*log(phi)/(175*sqrt(5)) - 4583/350, where phi is the golden ratio (A001622). (End)
a(n) = Integral_{x=0..4} x^(n)*W(x)dx, n>=0, where W(x) = sqrt(4/x - 1)*(x^3 - 5*x^2 + 6*x - 1)/(2*Pi). The function W(x) for x->0 tends to -infinity (which is its absolute minimum), and W(4) = 0. W(x) is a signed function on the interval x = (0, 4) where it has two maxima separated by one local minimum. - Karol A. Penson, Jun 17 2024
D-finite with recurrence -(n+4)*(n-3)*a(n) +2*n*(2*n-1)*a(n-1)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 30 2024
a(n) = A000108(n+3) - 5*A000108(n+2) + 6*A000108(n+1) - A000108(n). - Taras Goy, Dec 21 2024

Extensions

More terms from N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 13 2010

A111884 E.g.f.: exp(x/(1+x)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -19, 151, -1091, 7841, -56519, 396271, -2442439, 7701409, 145269541, -4833158329, 104056218421, -2002667085119, 37109187217649, -679877731030049, 12440309297451121, -227773259993414719, 4155839606711748061, -74724654677947488521, 1293162252850914402221
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 23 2005

Keywords

Comments

Row sums of triangle A111596.
With different signs see A066668.
From Peter Bala, Aug 15 2022: (Start)
The congruence a(n+k) == a(n) (mod k) holds for all n and k.
It follows that the sequence obtained by taking a(n) modulo a fixed positive integer k is periodic with period dividing k. For example, taken modulo 10 the sequence becomes [1, 1, 9, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 1, 1, ...], a purely periodic sequence with period 5. More generally, the same property holds for any sequence with an e.g.f. of the form F(x)*exp(x*G(x)), where F(x) and G(x) are power series with integer coefficients and G(0) = 1. (End)

Crossrefs

Unsigned row sums of A111596: A000262.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    nn=30; CoefficientList[Series[Exp[x/(1+x)],{x,0,nn}], x] Range[0,nn]! (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 21 2011 *)
  • Sage
    A111884 = lambda n: hypergeometric([-n+1,-n], [], -1)
    [Integer(A111884(n).n(100)) for n in (0..23)] # Peter Luschny, Sep 23 2014

Formula

E.g.f.: exp(x/(1+x)).
From Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jul 21 2012: (Start)
Let E(x) be the e.g.f., then
E(x) = 1/G(0) where G(k)= 1 - x/((1+x)*(2*k+1) - x*(1+x)*(2*k+1)/(x - (1+x)*(2*k+2)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction, 3rd kind, 3-step).
E(x) = 1 + x/(G(0)-x) where G(k)= 1 + 2*x + (1+x)*k - x*(1+x)*(k+1)/G(k+1); (continued fraction, Euler's 1st kind, 1-step).
E(x) = G(0) where G(k)= 1 + x/((1+x)*(2*k+1) - x*(1+x)*(2*k+1)/(x + 2*(1+x)*(k+1)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction, 3rd kind, 3-step).
(End)
E.g.f.: 1 + x*(E(0)-1)/(x+1) where E(k) = 1 + 1/(k+1)/(1+x)/(1-x/(x+1/E(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 27 2013
E.g.f.: E(0)/2, where E(k)= 1 + 1/(1 - x/(x + (k+1)*(1+x)/E(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jul 31 2013
a(n) = sum(k=0..n, (-1)^(n-k)*L(n,k)); L(n,k) the unsigned Lah numbers. - Peter Luschny, Oct 18 2014
a(n) = hypergeom([-n+1,-n],[],-1). - Peter Luschny, Apr 08 2015
D-finite with recurrence a(n) +(2*n-3)*a(n-1) +(n-1)*(n-2)*a(n-2)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 20 2017

A050351 Number of 3-level labeled linear rooted trees with n leaves.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 5, 37, 365, 4501, 66605, 1149877, 22687565, 503589781, 12420052205, 336947795317, 9972186170765, 319727684645461, 11039636939221805, 408406422098722357, 16116066766061589965, 675700891505466507541
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Christian G. Bower, Oct 15 1999

Keywords

Comments

Lists of lists of sets.

Examples

			G.f. = 1 + x + 5*x^2 + 37*x^3 + 365*x^4 + 4501*x^5 + 66605*x^6 + ...
		

References

  • T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers ...: for a link to an annotated scanned version of this paper see A000262.
  • T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers for cylinders and other classification numbers, in Combinatorics, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 19, AMS, 1971, pp. 167-176.

Crossrefs

Equals 1/2 * A004123(n) for n>0.

Programs

  • Maple
    with(combstruct); SeqSeqSetL := [T, {T=Sequence(S), S=Sequence(U,card >= 1), U=Set(Z,card >=1)},labeled];
  • Mathematica
    With[{nn=20},CoefficientList[Series[(2-E^x)/(3-2*E^x),{x,0,nn}],x] Range[0,nn]!] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 29 2012 *)
    a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, n! SeriesCoefficient[ 1/(2 - 1/(2 - Exp[x])), {x, 0, n}]]; (* Michael Somos, Nov 28 2014 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<0, 0, n! * polcoeff( 1/(2 - 1/(2 - exp(x + x * O(x^n)))), n))};
    
  • PARI
    {a(n)=if(n==0, 1, (1/6)*round(suminf(k=1, k^n * (2/3)^k *1.)))} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Nov 28 2014
    
  • Sage
    A050351 = lambda n: sum(stirling_number2(n,k)*(2^(k-1))*factorial(k) for k in (0..n)) if n>0 else 1
    [A050351(n) for n in (0..17)] # Peter Luschny, Jan 18 2016

Formula

E.g.f.: (2-exp(x))/(3-2*exp(x)).
a(n) is asymptotic to (1/6)*n!/log(3/2)^(n+1). - Benoit Cloitre, Jan 30 2003
For m-level trees (m>1), e.g.f. is (m-1-(m-2)*e^x)/(m-(m-1)*e^x) and number of trees is 1/(m*(m-1))*sum(k>=0, (1-1/m)^k*k^n). Here m=3, so a(n)=(1/6)*sum(k>=0, (2/3)^k*k^n) (for n>0). - Benoit Cloitre, Jan 30 2003
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} Stirling2(n, k)*k!*2^(k-1). - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 28 2003
Recurrence: a(n+1) = 1 + 2*Sum_{j=1..n} binomial(n+1, j)*a(j). - Jon Perry, Apr 25 2005
With p(n) = the number of integer partitions of n, p(i) = the number of parts of the i-th partition of n, d(i) = the number of different parts of the i-th partition of n, p(j, i) = the j-th part of the i-th partition of n, m(i, j) = multiplicity of the j-th part of the i-th partition of n, sum_{i=1}^{p(n)} = sum over i and prod_{j=1}^{d(i)} = product over j one has: a(n)=sum_{i=1}^{p(n)}(n!/(prod_{j=1}^{p(i)}p(i, j)!))*(p(i)!/(prod_{j=1}^{d(i)} m(i, j)!))*2^(p(i)-1). - Thomas Wieder, May 18 2005
Let f(x) = (1+x)*(1+2*x). Let D be the operator g(x) -> d/dx(f(x)*g(x)). Then for n>=1, a(n) = D^(n-1)(1) evaluated at x = 1/2. Compare with the result A000670(n) = D^(n-1)(1) at x = 0. See also A194649. - Peter Bala, Sep 05 2011
E.g.f.: 1 + x/(G(0)-3*x) where G(k)= x + k + 1 - x*(k+1)/G(k+1); (continued fraction, Euler's 1st kind, 1-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jul 11 2012
a(n) = (1/6) * Sum_{k>=1} k^n * (2/3)^k for n>0. - Paul D. Hanna, Nov 28 2014
E.g.f. A(x) satisfies 0 = 2 - A'(x) - 7*A(x) + 6*A(x)^2. - Michael Somos, Nov 28 2014

A082579 Expansion of e.g.f.: exp( x/(1-x)^2 ).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 5, 31, 241, 2261, 24781, 309835, 4342241, 67308841, 1141960501, 21026890391, 417264626065, 8871853115581, 201100863674621, 4838817223845571, 123128720142540481, 3302478863343928145, 93091427773284348901, 2750635764338982054031, 84994418675445218025521
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Emanuele Munarini, May 07 2003

Keywords

Comments

Old name: A binomial sum.
a(n) is the number of ways that n people can form any number of lines and then designate one person in each line. Equivalently, number of ways to linearly arrange the elements in each block of a set partition, then underline one element in each block summed over all set partitions of {1,2,...,n}. a(2) = 5: [1'][2'], [1',2], [1,2'], [2',1], [2,1']. - Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 04 2012
It appears that the sequence taken modulo 10 is periodic with period 5. More generally, we conjecture that for k = 2,3,4,... the difference a(n+k) - a(n) is divisible by k: if true, then for each k the sequence a(n) taken modulo k would be periodic with period dividing k. - Peter Bala, Nov 14 2017
The above conjecture is true - see the Bala link. - Peter Bala, Jan 20 2018

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Magma
    A082579:= func< n | n eq 0 select 1 else (&+[Factorial(n)*Binomial(n+k-1, n-k)/Factorial(k): k in [1..n]]) >;
    [A082579(n): n in [0..25]]; // G. C. Greubel, Feb 23 2021
  • Mathematica
    nn=20;Range[0,nn]!CoefficientList[Series[Exp[ x/(1-x)^2],{x,0,nn}],x]  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 04 2012 *)
    nn = 20; Range[0, nn]! * CoefficientList[Series[Product[Exp[k*x^k], {k, 1, nn}], {x, 0, nn}], x] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 21 2016 *)
    Table[If[n==0, 1, n*n!*HypergeometricPFQ[{1-n, n+1}, {3/2, 2}, -1/4]], {n, 0, 25}] (* G. C. Greubel, Feb 23 2021 *)
  • Maxima
    a(n):=n!*sum(binomial(n+k-1,2*k-1)/k!,k,1,n); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Apr 21 2011 */
    
  • PARI
    my(x='x+O('x^33));
    Vec(serlaplace(exp( x/(1-x)^2 )))
    /* Joerg Arndt, Sep 14 2012 */
    
  • Sage
    [1 if n==0 else factorial(n)*sum( binomial(n+k-1, n-k)/factorial(k) for k in (1..n)) for n in (0..25)] # G. C. Greubel, Feb 23 2021
    

Formula

a(n) = n!*Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n+k-1, 2*k-1)/k!.
Recurrence: a(n+3) - (3*n+7)*a(n+2) + (n+2)*(3*n+2)*a(n+1) - (n+2)*(n+1)*n*a(n) = 0.
E.g.f.: exp( x/( 1 - x )^2 ).
Special values of the hypergeometric function 2F2: a(n)=n!*n*hypergeom([n+1, -n+1], [3/2, 2], -1/4), n >= 1. - Karol A. Penson, Jan 29 2004
a(n) ~ 2^(1/6)*n^(n-1/6)*exp(-1/12 + 3*(n/2)^(2/3) - n)/sqrt(3). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 26 2013
E.g.f.: E(0)/2, where E(k) = 1 + 1/( 1 - x/(x + (1-x)^2*(k+1)/E(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jul 16 2013
E.g.f.: exp(Sum_{k>=1} k*x^k). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 07 2015
a(n) = n!*y(n), with y(0) = 1, y(n) = (Sum_{k=0..n-1} (n-k)^2*y(k))/n. - Benedict W. J. Irwin, Jun 02 2016
E.g.f.: Product_{k>=1} 1/(1 - x^k)^(J_2(k)/k), where J_2() is the Jordan function (A007434). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, May 25 2019
a(n) = n*n!*Hypergeometric2F2([1-n, n+1], [3/2, 2], -1/4) with a(0) = 1. - G. C. Greubel, Feb 23 2021

A002872 Number of partitions of {1..2n} that are invariant under a permutation consisting of n 2-cycles.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 7, 31, 164, 999, 6841, 51790, 428131, 3827967, 36738144, 376118747, 4086419601, 46910207114, 566845074703, 7186474088735, 95318816501420, 1319330556537631, 19013488408858761, 284724852032757686, 4422344774431494155, 71125541977466879231
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Previous name was: Sorting numbers.
a(n) = number of symmetric partitions of the set {-n,...,-1,1,...,n}. A partition of {-n,...,-1,1,...,n} into nonempty subsets X_1,...,X_k is 'symmetric' if for each i, -X_i=X_j for some j. a(n) = S_B(n,1)+...+S_B(n,n) where S_B(n,k) is as in A085483. a(n) is the n-th Bell number of 'type B'. - James East, Aug 18 2003
Column 2 of A162663. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jul 09 2009
a(n) is equal to the sum of all expressions of the form p(1^n)[st(lambda)] for partitions lambda of order less than or equal to n, where p(1^n)[st(lambda)] denotes the coefficient of the irreducible character basis element indexed by the partition lambda in the expansion of the power sum basis element indexed by the partition (1^n). - John M. Campbell, Sep 16 2017
Number of achiral color patterns in a row or loop of length 2n. Two color patterns are equivalent if the colors are permuted. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 24 2018
Stirling transform of A005425 per Knuth reference. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 28 2018

Examples

			For a(2)=7, the row patterns are AAAA, AABB, ABAB, ABBA, ABBC, ABCA, and ABCD.  The loop patterns are AAAA, AAAB, AABB, AABC, ABAB, ABAC, and ABCD. - _Robert A. Russell_, Apr 24 2018
		

References

  • D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, vol. 4A, Combinatorial Algorithms, Section 7.2.1.5 (p. 765). - Robert A. Russell, Apr 28 2018
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

u[n,j] is A162663.
Row sums of A293181.
Column k=2 of A306024.
Cf. A005425.

Programs

  • Maple
    a:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, add((1+
          2^(j-1))*binomial(n-1, j-1)*a(n-j), j=1..n))
        end:
    seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Oct 29 2015
  • Mathematica
    u[0,j_]:=1;u[k_,j_]:=u[k,j]=Sum[Binomial[k-1,i-1]Plus@@(u[k-i,j]#^(i-1)&/@Divisors[j]),{i,k}]; Table[u[n,2],{n,0,12}] (* Wouter Meeussen, Dec 06 2008 *)
    mx = 16; p = 2; Range[0, mx]! CoefficientList[ Series[ Exp[ (Exp[p*x] - p - 1)/p + Exp[x]], {x, 0, mx}], x] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 12 2012 *)
    Aeven[m_, k_] := Aeven[m, k] = If[m>0, k Aeven[m-1, k] + Aeven[m-1, k-1]
      + Aeven[m-1, k-2], Boole[m==0 && k==0]]
    Table[Sum[Aeven[m, k], {k, 0, 2m}], {m, 0, 30}] (* Robert A. Russell, Apr 24 2018 *)
    x[n_] := x[n] = If[n<2, n+1, 2x[n-1] + (n-1)x[n-2]]; (* A005425 *)
    Table[Sum[StirlingS2[n, k] x[k], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Robert A. Russell, Apr 28 2018, from Knuth reference *)
    Table[Sum[Binomial[n,k] * 2^k * BellB[k, 1/2] * BellB[n-k], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 29 2022 *)

Formula

E.g.f.: e^( (e^(2x) - 3)/2 + e^x ).
a(n) = A080107(2n) for all n. - Jörgen Backelin, Jan 13 2016
From Robert A. Russell, Apr 24 2018: (Start)
Aeven(n,k) = [n>0]*(k*Aeven(n-1,k)+Aeven(n-1,k-1)+Aeven(n-1,k-2))
+ [n==0]*[k==0]
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..2n} Aeven(n,k). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} Stirling2(n, k)*A005425(k). (from Knuth reference) - Robert A. Russell, Apr 28 2018
a(n) ~ exp(exp(2*r)/2 + exp(r) - 3/2 - n) * (n/r)^(n + 1/2) / sqrt((1 + 2*r)*exp(2*r) + (1 + r)*exp(r)), where r = LambertW(2*n)/2 - 1/(1 + 2/LambertW(2*n) + n^(1/2) * (1 + LambertW(2*n)) * (2/LambertW(2*n))^(3/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 03 2022
a(n) ~ (2*n/LambertW(2*n))^n * exp(n/LambertW(2*n) + (2*n/LambertW(2*n))^(1/2) - n - 7/4) / sqrt(1 + LambertW(2*n)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 10 2022

Extensions

Edited by Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jul 09 2009

A001859 Triangular numbers plus quarter-squares: n*(n+1)/2 + floor((n+1)^2/4) (i.e., A000217(n) + A002620(n+1)).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 5, 10, 16, 24, 33, 44, 56, 70, 85, 102, 120, 140, 161, 184, 208, 234, 261, 290, 320, 352, 385, 420, 456, 494, 533, 574, 616, 660, 705, 752, 800, 850, 901, 954, 1008, 1064, 1121, 1180, 1240, 1302, 1365, 1430, 1496, 1564, 1633, 1704, 1776, 1850, 1925
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Number of series-reduced planted trees with n+7 nodes and 3 internal nodes.
The trees enumerated with 3 internal nodes are of two types. Those with all internal nodes at different heights are enumerated by the triangular numbers. Those with two internal nodes at the same height are enumerated by the quarter squares. - Michael Somos, May 19 2000
Number of pairs (x,y) with x in {0,...,n}, y even in {0,...,2n}, and x < y. - Clark Kimberling, Jul 02 2012

Examples

			For n=1 we find 2 planted trees with 8 nodes, 3 of which are internal (i) and 5 are endpoints (e):
.e...e...e...e....e...e....
...i.......i........i...e..
.......i..............i...e
.......e................i..
........................e..
G.f. = 2*x + 5*x^2 + 10*x^3 + 16*x^4 + 24*x^5 + 33*x^6 + 44*x^7 + 56*x^8 + ...
		

References

  • John Riordan, personal communication.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

First differences of A045947.
Antidiagonal sums of array A003984.
Cf. A185212 (odd terms).

Programs

  • Haskell
    a001859 n = a000217 n + a002620 (n + 1)  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 20 2012
  • Maple
    A001859:=(-1-z^2-2*z^3+z^4)/(z+1)/(z-1)^3; # conjectured by Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation; gives sequence with an additional leading 1
    with (combinat):seq(count(Partition((3*n+2)), size=3), n=0..50); # Zerinvary Lajos, Mar 28 2008
  • Mathematica
    With[{nn=60},Total/@Thread[{Accumulate[Range[0,nn]],Floor[Range[ nn+1]^2/4]}]] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{2,0,-2,1},{0,2,5,10},60] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 01 2012 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n) = n + (3*n^2 + 1) \ 4};
    

Formula

a(n) = A000217(n)+A002620(n+1).
a(n) = n + floor( (3n^2+1)/4 ).
G.f.: (2*x+x^2)/((1-x)^2*(1-x^2)).
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) - a(n-3) + 3 = A002378(n) - A002620(n) = A006578(n-1) + A004526(n+1) - Henry Bottomley, Mar 08 2000
a(n) = A006578(-1-n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, May 10 2006
From Mitch Harris, Aug 22 2006: (Start)
a(n) = (6n^2 + 8n + 1 - (-1)^n)/8;
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} max(k, n-k). (End)
Starting (2, 5, 10, 16, 24, ...), = binomial transform of [2, 3, 2, -1, 2, -4, 8, -16, 32, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 30 2007
a(0)=0, a(1)=2, a(2)=5, a(3)=10, a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + 0*a(n-2) - 2*a(n-3) + a(n-4). - Harvey P. Dale, Apr 01 2012
a(n) = 3*n*(n+1)/2 - A006578(n). - Clark Kimberling, Jul 02 2012
a(2*n) = A045944(n), a(2*n - 1) = A049450(n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Nov 03 2014
0 = -6 + a(n) - 2*a(n+2) + a(n+4) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Nov 03 2014
0 = a(n)*(+a(n+1) - a(n+2)) + a(n+1)*(-3 - a(n+1) + a(n+2)) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Nov 03 2014
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} floor((n+k+2)/2). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Mar 31 2017
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 3/4 - Pi/(4*sqrt(3)) + 3*log(3)/4. - Amiram Eldar, May 28 2022
E.g.f.: (x*(7 + 3*x)*cosh(x) + (1 + 7*x + 3*x^2)*sinh(x))/4. - Stefano Spezia, Aug 22 2023

Extensions

Entry improved by Michael Somos
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