A001835 -id:A001835 - cp's OEIS frontend

A019973 Decimal expansion of tangent of 75 degrees.

3, 7, 3, 2, 0, 5, 0, 8, 0, 7, 5, 6, 8, 8, 7, 7, 2, 9, 3, 5, 2, 7, 4, 4, 6, 3, 4, 1, 5, 0, 5, 8, 7, 2, 3, 6, 6, 9, 4, 2, 8, 0, 5, 2, 5, 3, 8, 1, 0, 3, 8, 0, 6, 2, 8, 0, 5, 5, 8, 0, 6, 9, 7, 9, 4, 5, 1, 9, 3, 3, 0, 1, 6, 9, 0, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 3, 7, 0, 8, 1, 1, 4, 6, 1, 8, 6, 7, 5, 7, 2, 4, 8, 5, 7

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

An equivalent definition of this sequence: decimal expansion of x > 1 satisfying x^2 - 4*x + 1 = 0. - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Nov 28 2011
An algebraic integer of degree 2 with minimal polynomial x^2 - 4*x + 1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 17 2016
Length of the second longest diagonal in a regular 12-gon with unit side. - Mohammed Yaseen, Dec 13 2020

			3.732050807568877293527446341505872366942805253810380628...

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (terms 1..1000 from Ivan Panchenko)
Wikipedia, Exact trigonometric constants.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 2.

Cf. A002194, A019824, A019884, A019913.

Cf. A001075, A001353, A001835, A049310.

SetDefaultRealField(RealField(100)); 2 + Sqrt(3); // G. C. Greubel, Nov 20 2018

RealDigits[Tan[75 Degree],10,120][[1]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 08 2011 *)
RealDigits[2+Sqrt[3], 10, 100][[1]] (* G. C. Greubel, Nov 20 2018 *)

sqrt(3)+2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 17 2016

numerical_approx(2+sqrt(3), digits=100) # G. C. Greubel, Nov 20 2018

Equals 2 + sqrt(3) = 2+A002194 = cotangent of 15 degrees. - Rick L. Shepherd, Jul 04 2004
Equals exp(arccosh(2)). - Amiram Eldar, Aug 07 2023
c^n = A001835(n) + (1 + sqrt(3)) * A001353(n) = A001075(n) + sqrt(3) * A001353(n); where c = 2 + sqrt(3). - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 14 2023
Equals lim_{n->oo} S(n, 4)/ S(n-1, 4), with the S-Chebyshev polynomial (see A049310) S(n, 4) = A001353(n+1). See the A001353 formula from Oct 06 2002 by Gregory V. Richardson. - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 15 2023
Equals A019884 / A019824. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 12 2024
Equals 1/A019913. - Hugo Pfoertner, Mar 24 2024

Checked by Neven Juric (neven.juric(AT)apis-it.hr), Feb 04 2008

A214992 Power ceiling-floor sequence of (golden ratio)^4.

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 47, 323, 2213, 15169, 103969, 712615, 4884335, 33477731, 229459781, 1572740737, 10779725377, 73885336903, 506417632943, 3471038093699, 23790849022949, 163064905066945, 1117663486445665, 7660579500052711

Offset: 0

Clark Kimberling, Nov 08 2012, Jan 24 2013

Let f = floor and c = ceiling.  For x > 1, define four sequences as functions of x, as follows:
p1(0) = f(x), p1(n) = f(x*p1(n-1));
p2(0) = f(x), p2(n) = c(x*p2(n-1)) if n is odd and p2(n) = f(x*p1(n-1)) if n is even;
p3(0) = c(x), p3(n) = f(x*p3(n-1)) if n is odd and p3(n) = c(x*p3(n-1)) if n is even;
p4(0) = c(x), p4(n) = c(x*p4(n-1)).
The present sequence is given by a(n) = p3(n).
Following the terminology at A214986, call the four sequences power floor, power floor-ceiling, power ceiling-floor, and power ceiling sequences.  In the table below, a sequence is identified with an A-numbered sequence if they appear to agree except possibly for initial terms.  Notation: S(t)=sqrt(t), r = (1+S(5))/2 = golden ratio, and Limit = limit of p3(n)/p2(n).
x ......p1..... p2..... p3..... p4.......Limit
r.......A000045 A000045 A000045 A000045..r
r^2.....A001519 A001654 A061646 A001906..-1+S(5)
r^3.....A024551 A001076 A015448 A049652..-1+S(5)
r^4.....A049685 A157335 A214992 A004187..-19+9*S(5)
r^5.....A214993 A049666 A015457 A214994...(-9+5*S(5))/2
r^6.....A007805 A156085 A214995 A049660..-151+68*S(5)
1+S(2)..A024537 A000129 A001333 A048739..S(2)
2+S(2)..A007052 A214996 A214997 A007070..(1+S(2))/2
1+S(3)..A057960 A002605 A028859 A077846..(1+S(3))/2
2+S(3)..A001835 A109437 A214998 A001353..-4+3*S(3)
S(5)....A214999 A215091 A218982 A218983..1.26879683...
2+S(5)..A024551 A001076 A015448 A049652..-1+S(5)
2+S(6)..A218984 A090017 A123347 A218985..S(3/2)
2+S(7)..A218986 A015530 A126473 A218987..(1+S(7))/3
2+S(8)..A218988 A057087 A086347 A218989..(1+S(2))/2
3+S(8)..A001653 A084158 A218990 A001109..-13+10*S(2)
3+S(10).A218991 A005668 A015451 A218992..-2+S(10)
...
Properties of p1, p2, p3, p4:
(1) If x > 2, the terms of p2 and p3 interlace: p2(0) < p3(0) < p2(1) < p3(1) < p2(2) < p3(2)... Also, p1(n) <= p2(n) <= p3(n) <= p4(n) <= p1(n+1) for all x>0 and n>=0.
(2) If x > 2, the limits L(x) = limit(p/x^n) exist for the four functions p(x), and L1(x) <= L2(x) <= L3(x) <= L4 (x). See the Mathematica programs for plots of the four functions; one of them also occurs in the Odlyzko and Wilf article, along with a discussion of the special case x = 3/2.
(3) Suppose that x = u + sqrt(v) where v is a nonsquare positive integer.  If u = f(x) or u = c(x), then p1, p2, p3, p4 are linear recurrence sequences.  Is this true for sequences p1, p2, p3, p4 obtained from x = (u + sqrt(v))^q for every positive integer q?
(4) Suppose that x is a Pisot-Vijayaraghavan number. Must p1, p2, p3, p4 then be linearly recurrent?  If x is also a quadratic irrational b + c*sqrt(d), must the four limits L(x) be in the field Q(sqrt(d))?
(5) The Odlyzko and Wilf article (page 239) raises three interesting questions about the power ceiling function; it appears that they remain open.

			a(0) = ceiling(r) = 7, where r = ((1+sqrt(5))/2)^4 = 6.8...; a(1) = floor(7*r) = 47; a(2) = ceiling(47) = 323.

Clark Kimberling, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..250
A. M. Odlyzko and H. S. Wilf, Functional iteration and the Josephus problem, Glasgow Math. J. 33, 235-240, 1991.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (6,6,-1).
Index entries for sequences related to the Josephus Problem.

Cf. A001622, A214986, A049685, A157335, A004187.

(* Program 1.  A214992 and related sequences *)
x = GoldenRatio^4; z = 30; (* z = # terms in sequences *)
z1 = 100; (* z1 = # digits in approximations *)
f[x_] := Floor[x]; c[x_] := Ceiling[x];
p1[0] = f[x]; p2[0] = f[x]; p3[0] = c[x]; p4[0] = c[x];
p1[n_] := f[x*p1[n - 1]]
p2[n_] := If[Mod[n, 2] == 1, c[x*p2[n - 1]], f[x*p2[n - 1]]]
p3[n_] := If[Mod[n, 2] == 1, f[x*p3[n - 1]], c[x*p3[n - 1]]]
p4[n_] := c[x*p4[n - 1]]
Table[p1[n], {n, 0, z}]  (* A049685 *)
Table[p2[n], {n, 0, z}]  (* A157335 *)
Table[p3[n], {n, 0, z}]  (* A214992 *)
Table[p4[n], {n, 0, z}]  (* A004187 *)
Table[p4[n] - p1[n], {n, 0, z}]  (* A004187 *)
Table[p3[n] - p2[n], {n, 0, z}]  (* A098305 *)
(* Program 2.  Plot of power floor and power ceiling functions, p1(x) and p4(x) *)
f[x_] := f[x] = Floor[x]; c[x_] := c[x] = Ceiling[x];
p1[x_, 0] := f[x]; p1[x_, n_] := f[x*p1[x, n - 1]];
p4[x_, 0] := c[x]; p4[x_, n_] := c[x*p4[x, n - 1]];
Plot[Evaluate[{p1[x, 10]/x^10, p4[x, 10]/x^10}], {x, 2, 3}, PlotRange -> {0, 4}]
(* Program 3. Plot of power floor-ceiling and power ceiling-floor functions, p2(x) and p3(x) *)
f[x_] := f[x] = Floor[x]; c[x_] := c[x] = Ceiling[x];
p2[x_, 0] := f[x]; p3[x_, 0] := c[x];
p2[x_, n_] := If[Mod[n, 2] == 1, c[x*p2[x, n - 1]], f[x*p2[x, n - 1]]]
p3[x_, n_] := If[Mod[n, 2] == 1, f[x*p3[x, n - 1]], c[x*p3[x, n - 1]]]
Plot[Evaluate[{p2[x, 10]/x^10, p3[x, 10]/x^10}], {x, 2, 3}, PlotRange -> {0, 4}]

a(n) = floor(r*a(n-1)) if n is odd and a(n) = ceiling(r*a(n-1)) if n is even, where a(0) = ceiling(r), r = (golden ratio)^4 = (7 + sqrt(5))/2.
a(n) = 6*a(n-1) + 6*a(n-2) - a(n-3).
G.f.: (7 + 5*x - x^2)/((1 + x)*(1 - 7*x + x^2)).
a(n) = (10*(-2)^n+(10+3*sqrt(5))*(7-3*sqrt(5))^(n+2)+(10-3*sqrt(5))*(7+3*sqrt(5))^(n+2))/(90*2^n). - Bruno Berselli, Nov 14 2012
a(n) = 7*A157335(n) + 5*A157335(n-1) - A157335(n-2). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2020
E.g.f.: exp(-x)*(5 + 2*exp(9*x/2)*(155*cosh(3*sqrt(5)*x/2) + 69*sqrt(5)*sinh(3*sqrt(5)*x/2)))/45. - Stefano Spezia, Oct 28 2024

A233320 Number A(n,k) of tilings of a k X n rectangle using trominoes of any shape; square array A(n,k), n>=0, k>=0, read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 3, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 23, 23, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 11, 62, 0, 62, 11, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 170, 0, 0, 170, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 441, 939, 0, 939, 441, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 41, 1173, 0, 8342, 8342, 0, 1173, 41, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, Dec 07 2013

Every row and column satisfies a linear recurrence. - Peter Kagey, Jul 17 2019

			Square array A(n,k) begins:
  1, 1,  1,    1,   1,    1,       1, ...
  1, 0,  0,    1,   0,    0,       1, ...
  1, 0,  0,    3,   0,    0,      11, ...
  1, 1,  3,   10,  23,   62,     170, ...
  1, 0,  0,   23,   0,    0,     939, ...
  1, 0,  0,   62,   0,    0,    8342, ...
  1, 1, 11,  170, 939, 8342,   80092, ...
  1, 0,  0,  441,   0,    0,  614581, ...
  1, 0,  0, 1173,   0,    0, 5271923, ...

Liang Kai, Antidiagonals n = 0..35, flattened (Antidiagonals 0..28 from Alois P. Heinz)
Wikipedia, Tromino

Columns (or rows) include: A000012, A001835, A134438, A233339, A233340, A233290, A233343, A269958, A215826, A269959, A269664.

Cf. A099390, A230031, A233427, A270061, A364457.

A(n,k) = 0 <=> n*k mod 3 > 0.

A103997 Square array T(M,N) read by antidiagonals: number of dimer tilings of a 2M X 2N Moebius strip.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 11, 7, 1, 1, 41, 71, 18, 1, 1, 153, 769, 539, 47, 1, 1, 571, 8449, 17753, 4271, 123, 1, 1, 2131, 93127, 603126, 434657, 34276, 322, 1, 1, 7953, 1027207, 20721019, 46069729, 10894561, 276119, 843, 1, 1, 29681, 11332097, 714790675, 4974089647, 3625549353, 275770321, 2226851, 2207, 1

Offset: 0

Ralf Stephan, Feb 26 2005

			Array begins:
  1,   1,     1,        1,          1,             1,               1,
  1,   3,     7,       18,         47,           123,             322,
  1,  11,    71,      539,       4271,         34276,          276119,
  1,  41,   769,    17753,     434657,      10894561,       275770321,
  1, 153,  8449,   603126,   46069729,    3625549353,    289625349454,
  1, 571, 93127, 20721019, 4974089647, 1234496016491, 312007855309063,
  ...

Laura Florescu, Daniela Morar, David Perkinson, Nicholas Salter and Tianyuan Xu, Sandpiles and Dominos, El. J. Comb., 22 (2015), P1.66. See Theorem 18.
W. T. Lu and F. Y. Wu, Dimer statistics on the Moebius strip and the Klein bottle, arXiv:cond-mat/9906154 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 1999.
Index entries for sequences related to dominoes

Rows include A005248, A103998.
Columns 1..7 give A001835(n+1), A334135, A334179, A334180, A334181, A334182, A334183.
Main diagonal gives A334124.
Cf. A099390, A103999, A341741, A334178, A256045, A348566.

T[M_, N_] := Product[4Sin[(4n-1)Pi/(4N)]^2 + 4Cos[m Pi/(2M+1)]^2, {n, 1, N}, {m, 1, M}];
Table[T[M - N, N] // Round, {M, 0, 9}, {N, 0, M}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 03 2018 *)

T(M, N) = Product_{m=1..M} (Product_{n=1..N} 4*sin(Pi*(4*n-1)/(4*N))^2 + 4*cos(Pi*m/(2*M + 1))^2).

For k > 0, T(n,k) = 2^n * sqrt(Resultant(U_{2*n}(x/2), T_{2*k}(i*x/2))), where T_n(x) is a Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind, U_n(x) is a Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind and i = sqrt(-1). - Seiichi Manyama, Apr 15 2020

A299045 Rectangular array: A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^floor(j/2)binomial(k-floor((j+1)/2), floor(j/2))(-n)^(k-j), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1, -2, 1, 1, 1, -3, 5, -1, 0, 1, -4, 11, -13, 1, -1, 1, -5, 19, -41, 34, -1, 1, 1, -6, 29, -91, 153, -89, 1, 0, 1, -7, 41, -169, 436, -571, 233, -1, -1, 1, -8, 55, -281, 985, -2089, 2131, -610, 1, 1, 1, -9, 71, -433, 1926, -5741, 10009, -7953, 1597, -1, 0

Offset: 1

L. Edson Jeffery, Bob Selcoe and Andrew Hone, Feb 01 2018

This array is used to compute A269252: A269252(n) = least k such that |A(n,k)| is a prime, or -1 if no such k exists.
For detailed theory, see [Hone].
The array can be extended to k<0 with A(n, k) = -A(n, -k-1) for all k in Z. - Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023

			Array begins:
1   0  -1     1     0      -1       1         0        -1           1
1  -1   1    -1     1      -1       1        -1         1          -1
1  -2   5   -13    34     -89     233      -610      1597       -4181
1  -3  11   -41   153    -571    2131     -7953     29681     -110771
1  -4  19   -91   436   -2089   10009    -47956    229771    -1100899
1  -5  29  -169   985   -5741   33461   -195025   1136689    -6625109
1  -6  41  -281  1926  -13201   90481   -620166   4250681   -29134601
1  -7  55  -433  3409  -26839  211303  -1663585  13097377  -103115431
1  -8  71  -631  5608  -49841  442961  -3936808  34988311  -310957991
1  -9  89  -881  8721  -86329  854569  -8459361  83739041  -828931049

Robert Price, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5050
Andrew N. W. Hone, et al., On a family of sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials, arXiv:1802.01793 [math.NT], 2018.

Cf. A285992, A299107, A299109, A088165, A117522, A299100, A299101, A113501, A269251, A269252, A269253, A269254, A294099, A298675, A298677, A298878, A299045, A299071.
Cf. A094954 (unsigned version of this array, but missing the first row).
Cf. Rows: A057078, A033999, A099496, A079935 (or A001835), A004253, A001653, A049685, A070997, A070998, A138288 (or A072256), ...
Cf. Columns: A000012, A001477 (A000027), A110331 (A165900), A123972, A192398, ...

(* Array: *)
Grid[Table[LinearRecurrence[{-n, -1}, {1, 1 - n}, 10], {n, 10}]]
(*Array antidiagonals flattened (gives this sequence):*)
A299045[n_, k_] := Sum[(-1)^(Floor[j/2]) Binomial[k - Floor[(j + 1)/2], Floor[j/2]] (-n)^(k - j), {j, 0, k}]; Flatten[Table[A299045[n - k, k], {n, 11}, {k, 0, n - 1}]]

{A(n, k) = sum(j=0, k, (-1)^(j\2)*binomial(k-(j+1)\2, j\2)*(-n)^(k-j))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023 */

G.f. for row n: (1 + x)/(1 + n*x + x^2), n >= 1.

A(n, k) = B(-n, k) where B = A294099. - Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023

A101265 a(1) = 1, a(2) = 2, a(3) = 6; a(n) = 5a(n-1) - 5a(n-2) + a(n-3) for n > 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 6, 21, 77, 286, 1066, 3977, 14841, 55386, 206702, 771421, 2878981, 10744502, 40099026, 149651601, 558507377, 2084377906, 7779004246, 29031639077, 108347552061, 404358569166, 1509086724602, 5631988329241, 21018866592361, 78443478040202, 292755045568446

Offset: 1

Lambert Klasen (lambert.klasen(AT)gmx.net) and Gary W. Adamson, Jan 25 2005

Let M = [ 1, 1, 0; 1, 3, 1; 0, 1, 1 ]; then [1,0,0]*M^n = [a(n), A001353(n), A061278(n-1)] for n > 1. Further, A001353 consists of the first differences of {a(n)}, and since a(n) = A061278(n) + 1, A001353 is also the first differences of A061278. Let v(n) = [1,0,0]*M^n; then, for n >= 0, sum(v_i(n)) = A001075(n) and v_1(n) + v_3(n) = A001835(n). The characteristic polynomial of M is x^3 - 5x^2 + 5x - 1. a(n)/a(n-1) tends to 2 + sqrt(3) = 3.732.... (see A019973) (a root of the polynomial and an eigenvalue of the matrix).
Numbers k such that the RootMeanSquare([1..6*k-5]) is an integer. - Ctibor O. Zizka, Dec 17 2008
Place a(n) blue and b(n) red balls in an urn. Draw 3 balls without replacement. Then Probability(3 red balls) = Probability(1 red and 2 blue balls); binomial(b(n),3) = binomial(b(n),1)*binomial(a(n),2); b(n) = A179167(n). - Paul Weisenhorn, Jul 01 2010
Conjecture: consecutive terms of this sequence and consecutive terms of A032908 provide all the positive integer solutions of (a+b)*(a+b+1) == 0 (mod (a*b)). - Robert Israel, Aug 26 2015
Conjecture is true: see StackExchange link. - Robert Israel, Sep 06 2015
Values of a unitary Y-frieze pattern associated to the linearly oriented quiver K3 (i.e., the quiver whose underlying graph is the complete graph on the vertices {1,2,3}, oriented such that i -> j whenever i < j). - Antoine de Saint Germain, Dec 30 2024

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
R. Israel, W. Jagy et al., Diophantine equation (x+y)(x+y+1)-kxy=0, Math StackExchange, Sep 1 2015.
Giovanni Lucca, Circle Chains Inscribed in Symmetrical Lenses and Integer Sequences, Forum Geometricorum, Volume 16 (2016) 419-427.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,-5,1).

Cf. A001075, A001353, A001835, A005246, A019973, A032908, A061278, A211955.

a:=[1,2,6];; for n in [4..20] do a[n]:=5a[n-1]-5*a[n-2]+a[n-3]; od; a; #
G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

a101265 n = a101265_list !! (n-1)
a101265_list = 1 : 2 : 6 : zipWith (+) a101265_list
    (map (* 5) $ tail $ zipWith (-) (tail a101265_list) a101265_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 18 2014

I:=[1,2,6]; [n le 3 select I[n] else 5*Self(n-1) - 5*Self(n-2) + Self(n-3): n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 07 2015

r:=sqrt(3): for n from 1 to 100 do a[n]:=(6+(3+r)*(2+r)^(n-1)+(3-r)*(2-r)^(n-1))/12: end do: # Paul Weisenhorn, Jul 01 2010
r:=sqrt(3): a[n]:=round((6+(3+r)*(2+r)^(n-1))/12): # Paul Weisenhorn, Jul 01 2010
f:= proc(n)
  option remember; local x;
  x:= procname(n-1);
  2*x + (sqrt(12*x^2 - 12*x + 1) - 1)/2
end proc:
f(1):= 1:
map(f, [$1..30]); # Robert Israel, Aug 26 2015
seq( simplify((ChebyshevU(n,2) - Chebyshev(n-1,2) + 1)/2), n=0..20); # G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

LinearRecurrence[{5,-5,1},{1,2,6},25] (* Ray Chandler, Jan 27 2014 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(1-3x+x^2)/((1-x)(1-4x+x^2)), {x, 0, 33}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 07 2015 *)
Table[(ChebyshevU[n, 2] - ChebyshevU[n-1, 2] + 1)/2, {n, 0, 20}] (* G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019 *)

M = [ 1, 1, 0; 1, 3, 1; 0, 1, 1]; for(i=1,30,print1(([1,0,0]*M^i)[1],","))

{a(n)=polcoeff(x*(1-3*x+x^2)/((1-x)*(1-4*x+x^2)+x*O(x^n)),n)}

{a(n)=if(n==0,1,if(n==1,1,a(n-1)*(a(n-1)+1)/a(n-2)))} /* Paul D. Hanna, Apr 08 2012 */

vector(21, n, (polchebyshev(n, 2, 2) - polchebyshev(n-1, 2, 2) + 1)/2 ) \\ G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

[(chebyshev_U(n,2) - chebyshev_U(n-1,2) + 1)/2 for n in (0..20)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

a(n) = A005246(n)*A005246(n+1). a(n+1) = a(n)*(a(n)+1)/a(n-1). - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Apr 24 2006
a(n) = (A001835(n) + 1) / 2. - Ralf Stephan, May 16 2007
O.g.f.: x*(1-3*x+x^2)/((1-x)*(1-4*x+x^2)). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 22 2008
a(n) = 1 + A061278(n). - Ctibor O. Zizka, Dec 17 2008
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - a(n-2) - 1. - N. Sato, Jan 21 2010
a(n) = (6+(3+r)*(2+r)^(n-1) + (3-r)*(2-r)^(n-1))/12; r=sqrt(3). - Paul Weisenhorn, Jul 01 2010
a(n+1) = a(n) * (a(n) + 1) / a(n-1) for n>1 with a(0)=1, a(1)=1. - Paul D. Hanna, Apr 08 2012
From Peter Bala, May 01 2012: (Start)
a(n+1) = 1 + Sum {k = 1..n} 2^(k-1)*binomial(n+k,2*k).
Row sums of A211955.
a(n) = T(n,u)*T(n+1,u)/u with u = sqrt(3) and T(n,x) denotes the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind.
Sum_{n >= 0} 1/a(n) = sqrt(3). In fact, 3 - (Sum_{n = 0..2*N} 1/a(n))^2 = 2/(A001835(N+1))^2 and 3 - (Sum_{n = 0..2*N+1} 1/a(n))^2 = 3/(A001075(N+1))^2. (End)
From Robert Israel, Aug 26 2015: (Start)
(a(n) + a(n+1))*(a(n) + a(n+1) + 1) = 6 * a(n) * a(n+1).
a(n+1) = 2*a(n) + (sqrt(12*a(n)^2 - 12*a(n) + 1) - 1)/2. (End)
a(n) = (ChebyshevU(n, 2) - ChebyshevU(n-1, 2) + 1)/2 = (ChebyshevT(n, 2) + ChebyshevU(n, 2) + 2)/4. - G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019
a(n) = (1+a(n-1))*(1+a(n-2))/a(n-3) for n > 3. - Antoine de Saint Germain, Dec 30 2024

a(26)-a(27) from Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 07 2015

A165253 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows given by [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] DELTA [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 1, 6, 5, 1, 0, 1, 10, 15, 7, 1, 0, 1, 15, 35, 28, 9, 1, 0, 1, 21, 70, 84, 45, 11, 1, 0, 1, 28, 126, 210, 165, 66, 13, 1, 0, 1, 36, 210, 462, 495, 286, 91, 15, 1, 0, 1, 45, 330, 924, 1287, 1001, 455, 120, 17, 1, 0, 1, 55, 495, 1716, 3003, 3003, 1820, 680

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Sep 10 2009

Mirror image of triangle in A121314.

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,    0;
  1,    1,    0;
  1,    3,    1,    0;
  1,    6,    5,    1,    0;
  1,   10,   15,    7,    1,    0;
  1,   15,   35,   28,    9,    1,    0;
  1,   21,   70,   84,   45,   11,    1,    0;
  1,   28,  126,  210,  165,   66,   13,    1,    0;
  1,   36,  210,  462,  495,  286,   91,   15,    1,    0,
  1,   45,  330,  924, 1287, 1001,  455,  120,   17,    1,    0;

Indranil Ghosh, Rows 0..125 of triangle, flattened

Cf. A054142, A085478, A121314.

m = 13;
(* DELTA is defined in A084938 *)
DELTA[Join[{1, 0, 1}, Table[0, {m}]], Join[{0, 1}, Table[0, {m}]], m] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 19 2020 *)

T(0,0)=1, T(n,k) = binomial(n-1+k,2k) for n >= 1.
Sum {k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000012(n), A001519(n), A001835(n), A004253(n), A001653(n), A049685(n-1), A070997(n-1), A070998(n-1), A072256(n), A078922(n), A077417(n-1), A085260(n), A001570(n) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 respectively.
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^(n-k) = A000007(n), A001519(n), A047849(n), A165310(n), A165311(n), A165312(n), A165314(n), A165322(n), A165323(n), A165324(n) for x= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 26 2009
T(n,k) = 2*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k), T(0,0)=T(1,0)=1, T(1,1)=0. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 18 2012
G.f.: (1-x-y*x)/((1-x)^2-y*x). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 19 2012

A003699 Number of Hamiltonian cycles in C_4 X P_n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 22, 82, 306, 1142, 4262, 15906, 59362, 221542, 826806, 3085682, 11515922, 42978006, 160396102, 598606402, 2234029506, 8337511622, 31116016982, 116126556306, 433390208242, 1617434276662, 6036346898406, 22527953316962, 84075466369442, 313773912160806

Offset: 1

Frans J. Faase

a(n) is the number of generalized compositions of n when there are i^2+i-1 different types of i, (i = 1, 2, ...). - Milan Janjic, Sep 24 2010

Is this the same as the sequence visible in Table 5 of Pettersson, 2014? - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 05 2015

F. Faase, On the number of specific spanning subgraphs of the graphs G X P_n, Ars Combin. 49 (1998), 129-154.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
W. K. Alt, Enumeration of Domino Tilings on the Projective Grid Graph, A Thesis Presented to The Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Reed College, May 2013.
F. Faase, On the number of specific spanning subgraphs of the graphs G X P_n, Preliminary version of paper that appeared in Ars Combin. 49 (1998), 129-154.
F. Faase, Counting Hamiltonian cycles in product graphs
F. Faase, Results from the counting program
Ville H. Pettersson, Enumerating Hamiltonian Cycles, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2014.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,-1).

Column k=4 of A359855.
First differences of A052530 and A071954.
Cf. A001353, A001835.

a:=[6,22];; for n in [3..20] do a[n]:=4a[n-1]-a[n-2]; od; Concatenation([1], a); # G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

I:=[1,6,22]; [n le 3 select I[n] else 4*Self(n-1)-Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 13 2018

seq( simplify( `if`(n=1, 1, 2*(ChebyshevU(n-1,2) - ChebyshevU(n-2,2))) ), n=1..30); # G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

Join[{1},LinearRecurrence[{4,-1},{6,22},30]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 19 2011 *)
Table[If[n<2, n, 2*(ChebyshevU[n-1, 2] - ChebyshevU[n-2, 2])], {n,30}] (* G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019 *)

(a[1] : 1, a[2] : 6, a[3] : 22, a[n] := 4*a[n - 1] - a[n - 2], makelist(a[n], n, 1, 50)); /* Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Nov 12 2018 */

vector(30, n, if(n==1, 1, 2*(polchebyshev(n-1, 2, 2) - polchebyshev(n-2, 2, 2))) ) \\ G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

[1]+[2*(chebyshev_U(n-1,2) - chebyshev_U(n-2,2)) for n in (2..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

a(n) = 2 * A001835(n), n > 1.
From Benoit Cloitre, Mar 28 2003: (Start)
a(n) = ceiling((1 - sqrt(1/3))*(2 + sqrt(3))^n) for n > 1.
a(1) = 1, a(2) = 6, a(3) = 22 and for n > 3, a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - a(n-2). (End)
O.g.f.: x*(1 + 2*x - x^2)/(1-4*x+x^2) = -2 - x + 2*(1 - 3*x)/(1-4*x+x^2). - R. J. Mathar, Nov 23 2007
From Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Nov 12 2018: (Start)
a(n) = ((1 + sqrt(3))*(2 - sqrt(3))^n - (1 - sqrt(3))*(2 + sqrt(3))^n)/sqrt(3), n > 1.
E.g.f.: ((1 + sqrt(3))*exp((2 - sqrt(3))*x) - (1 - sqrt(3))*exp((2 + sqrt(3))*x) - (2 + x)*sqrt(3))/sqrt(3). (End)
a(n) = 2*(ChebyshevU(n-1, 2) - ChebyshevU(n-2, 2)) for n >1, with a(1)=1. - G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

A048788 a(2n+1) = a(2n) + a(2n-1), a(2n) = 2*a(2n-1) + a(2n-2); a(n) = n for n = 0, 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 11, 30, 41, 112, 153, 418, 571, 1560, 2131, 5822, 7953, 21728, 29681, 81090, 110771, 302632, 413403, 1129438, 1542841, 4215120, 5757961, 15731042, 21489003, 58709048, 80198051, 219105150, 299303201, 817711552, 1117014753

Offset: 0

Robin Trew (trew(AT)hcs.harvard.edu), Dec 11 1999

Numerators of continued fraction convergents to sqrt(3) - 1 (A160390). See A002530 for denominators. - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 17 2007
Convergents are 1, 2/3, 3/4, 8/11, 11/15, 30/41, 41/56, 112/153, ... - Clark Kimberling, Sep 21 2013
A strong divisibility sequence, that is gcd(a(n),a(m)) = a(gcd(n,m)) for all positive integers n and m. - Peter Bala, Jun 06 2014
From Sarah-Marie Belcastro, Feb 15 2022: (Start)
a(n) is also the number of perfect matchings of an edge-labeled 2 X (n-1) Mobius band grid graph, or equivalently the number of domino tilings of a 2 X (n-1) Mobius band grid. (The twist is on the length-n side.)
a(n) is also the output of Lu and Wu's formula for the number of perfect matchings of an m X n Mobius band grid, specialized to m = 2 with the twist on the length-n side.
2*a(n) is the number of perfect matchings of an edge-labeled 2 X (n-1) projective planar grid graph, or equivalently the number of domino tilings of a 2 X (n-1) projective planar grid. (End)

Russell Lyons, A bird's-eye view of uniform spanning trees and forests, in Microsurveys in Discrete Probability, AMS, 1998.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Peter Bala, Notes on 2-periodic continued fractions and Lehmer sequences
Sarah-Marie Belcastro, Domino Tilings of 2 X n Grids (or Perfect Matchings of Grid Graphs) on Surfaces, J. Integer Seq. 26 (2023), Article 23.5.6.
Marcia Edson, Scott Lewis and Omer Yayenie, The k-periodic Fibonacci sequence and an extended Binet's formula, INTEGERS 11 (2011) #A32.
W. T. Lu and F. Y. Wu, Close-packed dimers on nonorientable surfaces, Physics Letters A, 293 (2002), 235-246.
D. Panario, M. Sahin, and Q. Wang, A family of Fibonacci-like conditional sequences, INTEGERS, Vol. 13, 2013, #A78.
J. L. Ramirez and F. Sirvent, A q-Analogue of the Bi-Periodic Fibonacci Sequence, J. Int. Seq. 19 (2016) # 16.4.6, t_n at a=2, b=1.
Index to divisibility sequences
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,4,0,-1).

Cf. A002530, A002531.

Bisections are A001835 and A052530.

a:=[0,1,2,3];; for n in [5..40] do a[n]:=4a[n-1]-a[n-2]; od; a; # G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

I:=[0,1,2,3]; [n le 4 select I[n] else 4*Self(n-2)-Self(n-4): n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 10 2013

seq( simplify( `if`(`mod`(n,2)=0, 2*ChebyshevU((n-2)/2, 2), ChebyshevU((n-1)/2, 2) - ChebyshevU((n-3)/2, 2)) ), n=0..40); # G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

Numerator[NestList[(2/(2 + #))&, 0, 40]] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Apr 13 2010 *)
CoefficientList[Series[x(1+2x-x^2)/(1-4x^2+x^4), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 10 2013 *)
a0[n_]:= ((3+Sqrt[3])*(2-Sqrt[3])^n-((-3+Sqrt[3])*(2+Sqrt[3])^n))/6 // Simplify
a1[n_]:= 2*Sum[a0[i], {i, 1, n}]
Flatten[MapIndexed[{a1[#-1],a0[#]}&,Range[20]]] (* Gerry Martens, Jul 10 2015 *)
Round@Table[With[{r=1+Sqrt[2], s=1+Sqrt[3]}, ((r + (-1)^n/r) s^n/2^(n/2) - (1/r + (-1)^n r) 2^(n/2)/s^n) Sqrt[6]/12], {n, 0, 20}] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {0,4,0,-1}, {0,1,2,3}, 40] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, May 11 2016 *)
Table[If[EvenQ[n], 2*ChebyshevU[(n-2)/2, 2], ChebyshevU[(n-1)/2, 2] - ChebyshevU[(n-3)/2, 2]], {n, 0, 40}] (* G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019 *)

main(size)=v=vector(size); v[1]=0;v[2]=1;v[3]=2;v[4]=3;for(i=5, size, v[i]=4*v[i-2] - v[i-4]); v; \\ Anders Hellström, Jul 11 2015

a=vector(50); a[1]=1; a[2]=2; for(n=3, #a, if(n%2==1, a[n]=a[n-1]+a[n-2], a[n]=2*a[n-1]+a[n-2])); concat(0, a) \\ Colin Barker, Jan 30 2016

a(n)=([0,1,0,0;0,0,1,0;0,0,0,1;-1,0,4,0]^n*[0;1;2;3])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 16 2017

apply( {A048788(n)=imag((2+quadgen(12))^(n\/2)*if(bittest(n, 0), quadgen(12)-1, 2))}, [0..30]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 04 2019

{a(n) = my(s=1,m=n); if(n<0,s=-(-1)^n; m=-n); polcoeff(x*(1+2*x-x^2)/(1-4*x^2+x^4) + x*O(x^m), m)*s}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 17 2020 */

@CachedFunction
def a(n):
    if (mod(n,2)==0): return 2*chebyshev_U((n-2)/2, 2)
    else: return chebyshev_U((n-1)/2, 2) - chebyshev_U((n-3)/2, 2)
[a(n) for n in (0..40)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019

G.f.: x*(1+2*x-x^2)/(1-4*x^2+x^4). - Paul Barry, Sep 18 2009
a(n) = 4*a(n-2) - a(n-4). - Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 10 2013
a(2*n-1) = A001835(n); a(2*n) = 2*A001353(n). - Peter Bala, Jun 06 2014
From Gerry Martens, Jul 11 2015: (Start)
Interspersion of 2 sequences [a1(n-1),a0(n)] for n>0:
a0(n) = ((3+sqrt(3))*(2-sqrt(3))^n-((-3+sqrt(3))*(2+sqrt(3))^n))/6.
a1(n) = 2*Sum_{i=1..n} a0(i). (End)
a(n) = ((r + (-1)^n/r)*s^n/2^(n/2) - (1/r + (-1)^n*r)*2^(n/2)/s^n)*sqrt(6)/12, where r = 1 + sqrt(2), s = 1 + sqrt(3). - Vladimir Reshetnikov, May 11 2016
a(n) = 2*ChebyshevU(n-1, 2) if n is even and ChebyshevU(n, 2) - ChebyshevU(n-1, 2) if n in odd. - G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2019
a(n) = -(-1)^n*a(-n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Sep 17 2020

Denominator of g.f. corrected by Paul Barry, Sep 18 2009

Incorrect g.f. deleted by Colin Barker, Aug 10 2012

A082630 Limit of the sequence obtained from S(0) = (1,1) and, for n > 0, S(n) = I(S(n-1)), where I consists of inserting, for i = 1, 2, 3..., the term a(i) + a(i+1) between any two terms for which 7a(i+1) <= 11a(i).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 5, 8, 19, 30, 71, 112, 265, 418, 989, 1560, 3691, 5822, 13775, 21728, 51409, 81090, 191861, 302632, 716035, 1129438, 2672279, 4215120, 9973081, 15731042, 37220045, 58709048, 138907099, 219105150, 518408351, 817711552, 1934726305, 3051741058, 7220496869

Offset: 1

John W. Layman, May 23 2003

nonn

The bisection {1,5,19,265,...} appears to be A001834 and to satisfy the recurrence a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - a(n-2) and the condition that 3*a(n)^2 + 6 is a square. The other bisection {2,8,30,112,...} appears to be A052530 and one-half of this bisection, {1,4,15,56,...}, appears to be A001353 and to satisfy a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - a(n-2) and the condition that 3*a(n)^2 + 1 is a square.
Conjecturally, a(n) = x + y, where these values solve x^2 - floor(y^2/3) = 1, see related sequences and formula below. - Richard R. Forberg, Sep 08 2013
Let alpha be an algebraic integer and define a sequence of integers a(alpha,n) by the condition a(alpha,n) = max { integer d : alpha^n = = 1 (mod d)}. Silverman shows that a(alpha,n) is a strong-divisibility sequence, that is gcd(a(n), a(m)) = a(gcd(n, m)) for all n and m in N; in particular, if n divides m then a(n) divides a(m). This sequence appears to be the strong divisibility sequence a(2 + sqrt(3),n) (Silverman, Example 4). - Peter Bala, Jan 10 2014
This sequence appears as the coefficients of the defining inequalities of a polyhedral realization of the B(infinity) crystal of the Kac-Moody Lie algebra with Cartan matrix [2,-2;-3,2] (see Nakashima-Zelevinsky reference). - Paul E. Gunnells, May 05 2019
From Zhuorui He, Jul 16 2025: (Start)
This sequence is Ratio-determined insertion sequence I(7/11) (see the Layman link below).
If S(0) in the definition is (1,1,a,b,c...) (all numbers >= 0) instead of (1,1), the resulting sequence is still the same.
For a finite sequence S, let k be the least i such that 7*S(i+1) <= 11*S(i). If k didn't exist then I(S)=S. Else, let k' be the least i such that 7*I(S)(i+1) <= 11*I(S)(i). Then k <= k' <= k+1.
This sequence can be generated by this process:
Step 1: Let X=1 and Y=1.
Step 2: If 7*(X+Y)<=11*X, then Y:=X+Y, repeat this step. Else go to step 3.
Step 3: Append X to the sequence. Let X:=X+Y, go back to step 2. (End)

			Let S(0) = (1,1). Since 7*1 <= 11*1 we obtain S(1) = (1,2,1). Then since 7*2 > 11*1 and 7*1 <= 11*2, we obtain S(2) = (1,2,3,1). Continuing, we get S(3) = (1,2,5,3,4,1), S(4) = (1,2,5,8,3,7,4,5,1), S(5) = (1,2,5,8,11,3,...), S(6) =(1,2,5,8,19,11,...), etc.

Zhuorui He, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
John W. Layman, Ratio-Determined Insertion Sequences and the Tree of their Recurrence Types
John W. Layman, Ratio-Determined Insertion Sequences and the Tree of their Recurrence Types [local copy, corrected]
Toshiki Nakashima and Andrei Zelevinsky, Polyhedral realizations of crystal bases for quantized Kac-Moody algebras, Adv. Math. 131 (1997), no. 1, 253-278.
J. H. Silverman, Divisibility sequences and powers of algebraic integers, Documenta Mathematica, Extra Volume: John H. Coates' Sixtieth Birthday (2006) 711-727.

Cf. A001353, A005246, A001834, A001835, A052530.

def A082630_list(n):
  a = []
  x = y = 1
  while len(a) < n:
    a.append(x)
    while 7*(x+y) <= 11*x:
      y += x
    x += y
  return a # Zhuorui He, Jul 16 2025

The sequence appears to satisfy a(n) = 4*a(n-2) - a(n-4).
Apparently a(n)*a(n+3) = -2 + a(n+1)*a(n+2). - Ralf Stephan, May 29 2004
Conjecturally, a(n) = A143643(n-1) + A005246(n), for n => 2, as derived from comment above. - Richard R. Forberg, Sep 08 2013
If the above conjectures are true, then a(n) = A001353(n)/A005246(n+1). - Andrey Zabolotskiy, Sep 26 2024

Edited by M. F. Hasler, Nov 06 2018

cp's OEIS Frontend

A019973 Decimal expansion of tangent of 75 degrees.

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A214992 Power ceiling-floor sequence of (golden ratio)^4.

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A233320 Number A(n,k) of tilings of a k X n rectangle using trominoes of any shape; square array A(n,k), n>=0, k>=0, read by antidiagonals.

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A103997 Square array T(M,N) read by antidiagonals: number of dimer tilings of a 2*M X 2*N Moebius strip.

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A299045 Rectangular array: A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^floor(j/2)*binomial(k-floor((j+1)/2), floor(j/2))*(-n)^(k-j), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals.

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A101265 a(1) = 1, a(2) = 2, a(3) = 6; a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 5*a(n-2) + a(n-3) for n > 3.

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A165253 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows given by [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] DELTA [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

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A103997 Square array T(M,N) read by antidiagonals: number of dimer tilings of a 2M X 2N Moebius strip.

A299045 Rectangular array: A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^floor(j/2)binomial(k-floor((j+1)/2), floor(j/2))(-n)^(k-j), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals.

A101265 a(1) = 1, a(2) = 2, a(3) = 6; a(n) = 5a(n-1) - 5a(n-2) + a(n-3) for n > 3.

A082630 Limit of the sequence obtained from S(0) = (1,1) and, for n > 0, S(n) = I(S(n-1)), where I consists of inserting, for i = 1, 2, 3..., the term a(i) + a(i+1) between any two terms for which 7a(i+1) <= 11a(i).