A069777 -id:A069777 - cp's OEIS frontend

A008302 Triangle of Mahonian numbers T(n,k): coefficients in expansion of Product_{i=0..n-1} (1 + x + ... + x^i), where k ranges from 0 to A000217(n-1). Also enumerates permutations by their major index.

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 5, 6, 5, 3, 1, 1, 4, 9, 15, 20, 22, 20, 15, 9, 4, 1, 1, 5, 14, 29, 49, 71, 90, 101, 101, 90, 71, 49, 29, 14, 5, 1, 1, 6, 20, 49, 98, 169, 259, 359, 455, 531, 573, 573, 531, 455, 359, 259, 169, 98, 49, 20, 6, 1, 1, 7, 27, 76, 174, 343, 602, 961, 1415, 1940, 2493, 3017, 3450, 3736, 3836, 3736, 3450, 3017, 2493, 1940, 1415, 961, 602, 343, 174, 76, 27, 7, 1, 1, 8, 35, 111, 285, 628, 1230, 2191, 3606, 5545, 8031, 11021, 14395, 17957, 21450, 24584, 27073, 28675, 29228, 28675, 27073, 24584, 21450, 17957, 14395, 11021, 8031, 5545, 3606, 2191, 1230, 628, 285, 111, 35, 8, 1

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

T(n,k) is the number of permutations of {1..n} with k inversions.
n-th row gives growth series for symmetric group S_n with respect to transpositions (1,2), (2,3), ..., (n-1,n).
T(n,k) is the number of permutations of (1,2,...,n) having disorder equal to k. The disorder of a permutation p of (1,2,...,n) is defined in the following manner. We scan p from left to right as often as necessary until all its elements are removed in increasing order, scoring one point for each occasion on which an element is passed over and not removed. The disorder of p is the number of points scored by the end of the scanning and removal process. For example, the disorder of (3,5,2,1,4) is 8, since on the first scan, 3,5,2 and 4 are passed over, on the second, 3,5 and 4 and on the third scan, 5 is once again not removed. - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 09 2004
T(n,k) is the number of permutations p=(p(1),...,p(n)) of {1..n} such that Sum_{i: p(i)>p(i+1)} = k (k is called the Major index of p). Example: T(3,0)=1, T(3,1)=2, T(3,2)=2, T(3,3)=1 because the major indices of the permutations (1,2,3), (2,1,3), (3,1,2), (1,3,2), (2,3,1) and (3,2,1) are 0,1,1,2,2 and 3, respectively. - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 17 2004
T(n,k) is the number of 2 X c matrices with column totals 1,2,3,...,n and row totals k and binomial(n+1,2) - k. - Mitch Harris, Jan 13 2006
T(n,k) is the number of permutations p of {1,2,...,n} for which den(p)=k. Here den is the Denert statistic, defined in the following way: let p=p(1)p(2)...p(n) be a permutation of {1,2,...,n}; if p(i)>i, then we say that i is an excedance of p; let i_1 < i_2 < ... < i_k be the excedances of p and let j_1 < j_2 < ... < j_{n-k} be the non-excedances of p; let Exc(p) = p(i_1)p(i_2)...p(i_k), Nexc(p)=p(j_1)p(j_2)...p(j_{n-k}); then, by definition den(p) = i_1 + i_2 + ... + i_k + inv(Exc(p)) + inv(Nexc(p)), where inv denotes "number of inversions". Example: T(4,5)=3 because we have 1342, 3241 and 4321. We show that den(4321)=5: the excedances are 1 and 2; Exc(4321)=43, Nexc(4321)=21; now den(4321) = 1 + 2 + inv(43) + inv(21) = 3+1+1 = 5. - Emeric Deutsch, Oct 29 2008
T(n,k) is the number of size k submultisets of the multiset {1,2,2,3,3,3,...,n-1} (which contains i copies of i for 0 < i < n).
The limit of products of the numbers of fixed necklaces of length n composed of beads of types N(n,b), n --> infinity, is the generating function for inversions (we must exclude one unimportant factor b^n/n!). The error is < (b^n/n!)*O(1/n^(1/2-epsilon)). See Gaichenkov link. - Mikhail Gaichenkov, Aug 27 2012
The number of ways to distribute k-1 indistinguishable balls into n-1 boxes of capacity 1,2,3,...,n-1. - Andrew Woods, Sep 26 2012
Partial sums of rows give triangle A161169. - András Salamon, Feb 16 2013
The number of permutations of n that require k pair swaps in the bubble sort to sort them into the natural 1,2,...,n order. - R. J. Mathar, May 04 2013
Also series coefficients of q-factorial [n]q ! -- see Mathematica line. - _Wouter Meeussen, Jul 12 2014
From Mikhail Gaichenkov, Aug 16 2016: (Start)
Following asymptotic expansions in the Central Limit Theorem developed by Valentin V. Petrov, the cumulative distribution function of these numbers, CDF_N(x), is equal to the CDF of the normal distribution - (0.06/sqrt(2*Pi))*exp(-x^2/2)(x^3-3x)*(6N^3+21N^2+31N+31)/(N(2N+5)^2(N-1)+O(1/N^2).
This can be written as: CDF of the normal distribution -(0.09/(N*sqrt(2*Pi)))*exp(-x^2/2)*He_3(x) + O(1/N^2), N > 1, natural numbers (Gaichenkov, private research).
According to B. H. Margolius, Permutations with inversions, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 4 (2001), #01.2.4, "the unimodal behavior of the inversion numbers suggests that the number of inversions in a random permutation may be asymptotically normal". See links.
Moreover, E. Ben-Naim (Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory), "On the Mixing of Diffusing Particles" (13 Oct 2010), states that the Mahonian Distribution becomes a function of a single variable for large numbers of element, i.e., the probability distribution function is normal. See links.
To be more precise the expansion of the distribution is presented for a finite number of elements (or particles in terms of E. Ben-Naim's article). The distribution tends to the normal distribution for an infinite numbers of elements.
(End)
T(n,k) statistic counts (labeled) permutation graphs with n vertices and k edges. - Mikhail Gaichenkov, Aug 20 2019
From Gus Wiseman, Aug 12 2020: (Start)
Number of divisors of A006939(n - 1) or A076954(n - 1) with k prime factors, counted with multiplicity, where A006939(n) = Product_{i = 1..n} prime(i)^(n - i + 1). For example, row n = 4 counts the following divisors:
  1   2   4   8  24  72 360
      3   6  12  36 120
      5   9  18  40 180
         10  20  60
         15  30  90
             45
Crossrefs:
A336420 is the case with distinct prime multiplicities.
A006939 lists superprimorials or Chernoff numbers.
A022915 counts permutations of prime indices of superprimorials.
A317829 counts factorizations of superprimorials.
A336941 counts divisor chains under superprimorials.
Cf. A000005, A001222, A008278, A022559, A027423, A076954, A181796.
(End)
Named after the British mathematician Percy Alexander MacMahon (1854-1929). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 13 2021
Row maxima ~ n!/(sigma * sqrt(2*Pi)), sigma^2 = (2*n^3 + 9*n^2 + 7*n)/72 = variance of group type A_n (see also A161435). - Mikhail Gaichenkov, Feb 08 2023
Sum_{i>=0} T(n,i)*k^i = A069777(n,k). - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 26 2025

			1; 1+x; (1+x)*(1+x+x^2) = 1+2*x+2*x^2+x^3; etc.
Triangle begins:
  n\k| 0  1   2    3    4     5     6     7     8      9     10
  ---+--------------------------------------------------------------
   1 | 1;
   2 | 1, 1;
   3 | 1, 2,  2,   1;
   4 | 1, 3,  5,   6,   5,    3,    1;
   5 | 1, 4,  9,  15,  20,   22,   20,   15,    9,     4,     1;
   6 | 1, 5, 14,  29,  49,   71,   90,  101,  101,    90,    71, ...
   7 | 1, 6, 20,  49,  98,  169,  259,  359,  455,   531,   573, ...
   8 | 1, 7, 27,  76, 174,  343,  602,  961, 1415,  1940,  2493, ...
   9 | 1, 8, 35, 111, 285,  628, 1230, 2191, 3606,  5545,  8031, ...
  10 | 1, 9, 44, 155, 440, 1068, 2298, 4489, 8095, 13640, 21670, ...
From _Gus Wiseman_, Aug 12 2020: (Start)
Row n = 4 counts the following submultisets of {1,1,1,2,2,3}:
  {}  {1}  {11}  {111}  {1112}  {11122}  {111223}
      {2}  {12}  {112}  {1122}  {11123}
      {3}  {22}  {122}  {1113}  {11223}
           {13}  {113}  {1123}
           {23}  {123}  {1223}
                 {223}
(End)

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Valentin V. Petrov, Sums of Independent Random Variables, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1975, p. 134.
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Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 1..50, flattened (first 30 rows from Paul D. Hanna)
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Agnieszka Bukietyńska, The test of inversion in the analysis of investment funds, Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics, Vol. 5, No. 3 (September 2017), pp. 277-289.
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Luke Chamandy, Anvar Shukurov, and A. Russ Taylor, Statistical tests of galactic dynamo theory, arXiv:1609.05688 [astro-ph.GA], 2016.
Geoffrey Critzer, Combinatorics of Vector Spaces over Finite Fields, Master's thesis, Emporia State University, 2018.
Mariusz Czekała and Agnieszka Bukietyńska, Distribution of Inversions and the Power of the τ-Kendall's Test, in J. Świątek, Z. Wilimowska, L. Borzemski, A. Grzech (eds.), Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 37th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and Technology - ISAT 2016 - Part III, pp. 175-185.
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FindStat - Combinatorial Statistic Finder, The Denert index of a permutation, The major index of a permutation, The number of inversions of a permutation, The sorting index of a permutation.
Dominique Foata, Distributions eulériennes et mahoniennes sur le groupe des permutations, in: M. Aigner, editor, Higher Combinatorics, Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, 1977, pp. 27-49.
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Mikhail Gaichenkov, Necklaces and the generating function for inversions, MathOverflow, 2012.
Mikhail Gaichenkov, Pros and cons of probability model for permutations, MathOverflow, 2014.
Amy Grady, Sorting index and Mahonian-Stirling pairs for labeled forests, Clemson University, July 10, 2014.
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Eugen Netto, Lehrbuch der Combinatorik, Chapter 4, annotated scanned copy of pages 92-99 only.
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Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Necklace.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Irreducible Polynomial.
Thomas Wieder, Comments on A008302.
Wikipedia, Major index

Diagonals: A000707 (k=n-1), A001892 (k=n-2), A001893 (k=n-3), A001894 (k=n-4), A005283 (k=n-5), A005284 (k=n-6), A005285 (k=n-7).
Columns: A005286 (k=3), A005287 (k=4), A005288 (k=5), A242656 (k=6), A242657 (k=7).
Rows: A161435 (n=4), A161436 (n=5), A161437 (n=6), A161438 (n=7), A161439 (n=8), A161456 (n=9), A161457 (n=10).
Row-maxima: A000140, truncated table: A060701, row sums: A000142, row lengths: A000124.
A001809 gives total Denert index of all permutations.
A357611 gives a refinement.
Cf. A000217, A139365, A069777.

g := proc(n,k) option remember; if k=0 then return(1) else if (n=1 and k=1) then return(0) else if (k<0 or k>binomial(n,2)) then return(0) else g(n-1,k)+g(n,k-1)-g(n-1,k-n) end if end if end if end proc; # Barbara Haas Margolius (margolius(AT)math.csuohio.edu), May 31 2001
BB:=j->1+sum(t^i, i=1..j): for n from 1 to 8 do Z[n]:=sort(expand(simplify(product(BB(j), j=0..n-2)))) od: for n from 1 to 8 do seq(coeff(Z[n], t, j), j=0..(n-1)*(n-2)/2) od; # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 13 2007
# alternative Maple program:
b:= proc(u, o) option remember; expand(`if`(u+o=0, 1,
       add(b(u+j-1, o-j)*x^(u+j-1), j=1..o)+
       add(b(u-j, o+j-1)*x^(u-j), j=1..u)))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..degree(p)))(b(n, 0)):
seq(T(n), n=1..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, May 02 2017

f[n_] := CoefficientList[ Expand@ Product[ Sum[x^i, {i, 0, j}], {j, n}], x]; Flatten[Array[f, 8, 0]]
(* Second program: *)
T[0, 0] := 1; T[-1, k_] := 0;
T[n_, k_] := T[n, k] = If[0 <= k <= n*(n - 1)/2, T[n, k - 1] + T[n - 1, k] - T[n - 1, k - n], 0]; (* Peter Kagey, Mar 18 2021; corrected the program by Mats Granvik and Roger L. Bagula, Jun 19 2011 *)
alternatively (versions 7 and up):
Table[CoefficientList[Series[QFactorial[n,q],{q,0,n(n-1)/2}],q],{n,9}] (* Wouter Meeussen, Jul 12 2014 *)
b[u_, o_] := b[u, o] = Expand[If[u + o == 0, 1,
   Sum[b[u + j - 1, o - j]*x^(u + j - 1), {j, 1, o}] +
   Sum[b[u - j, o + j - 1]*x^(u - j), {j, 1, u}]]];
T[n_] := With[{p = b[n, 0]}, Table[Coefficient[p, x, i], {i, 0, Exponent[p, x]}]];
Table[T[n], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 21 2025, after Alois P. Heinz *)

{T(n,k) = my(A=1+x); for(i=1,n, A = 1 + intformal(A - q*subst(A,x,q*x +x^2*O(x^n)))/(1-q)); polcoeff(n!*polcoeff(A,n,x),k,q)}
for(n=1,10, for(k=0,n*(n-1)/2, print1(T(n,k),", ")); print("")) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Dec 31 2016

row(n)=Vec(prod(k=1,n,(1-'q^k)/(1-'q))); \\ Joerg Arndt, Apr 13 2019

from sage.combinat.q_analogues import q_factorial
for n in (1..6): print(q_factorial(n).list()) # Peter Luschny, Jul 18 2016

Bourget, Comtet and Moritz-Williams give recurrences.
Mendes and Stanley give g.f.'s.
G.f.: Product_{j=1..n} (1-x^j)/(1-x) = Sum_{k=0..M} T{n, k} x^k, where M = n*(n-1)/2.
From Andrew Woods, Sep 26 2012, corrected by Peter Kagey, Mar 18 2021: (Start)
T(1, 0) = 1,
T(n, k) = 0 for n < 0, k < 0 or k > n*(n-1)/2.
T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..n-1} T(n-1, k-j),
T(n, k) = T(n, k-1) + T(n-1, k) - T(n-1, k-n). (End)
E.g.f. satisfies: A(x,q) = 1 + Integral (A(x,q) - q*A(q*x,q))/(1-q) dx, where A(x,q) = Sum_{n>=0} x^n/n! * Sum_{k=0..n*(n-1)/2} T(n,k)*q^k, when T(0,0) = 1 is included. - Paul D. Hanna, Dec 31 2016

There were some mistaken edits to this entry (inclusion of an initial 1, etc.) which I undid. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 30 2009

Added mention of "major index" to definition. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 10 2019

A003266 Product of first n nonzero Fibonacci numbers F(1), ..., F(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 6, 30, 240, 3120, 65520, 2227680, 122522400, 10904493600, 1570247078400, 365867569267200, 137932073613734400, 84138564904377984000, 83044763560621070208000, 132622487406311849122176000, 342696507457909818131702784000

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Equals right border of unsigned triangle A158472. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 20 2009
Three closely related sequences are A194157 (product of first n nonzero F(2*n)), A194158 (product of first n nonzero F(2*n-1)) and A123029 (a(2*n) = A194157(n) and a(2*n-1) = A194158(n)). - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 21 2011
a(n+1)^2 is the number of ways to tile this pyramid of height n with squares and dominoes, where vertical dominoes can only appear (if at all) in the central column. Here is a pyramid of height n=4,
       _
     ||_
   ||_||
 ||_|||_|_
|||_|||_|_|,
and here is one of the a(5)^2 = 900 possible such tilings with our given restrictions:
       _
     | |
   ||_||
 |__|_|_|_
||__|___|||. - Greg Dresden and Jiayi Liu, Aug 23 2024

			a(5) = 30 because the first 5 Fibonacci numbers are 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 1 * 1 * 2 * 3 * 5 = 30.
a(6) = 240 because 8 is the sixth Fibonacci number and a(5) * 8 = 240.
a(7) = 3120 because 13 is the seventh Fibonacci number and a(6) * 13 = 3120.
G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 6*x^4 + 30*x^5 + 240*x^6 + 3120*x^7 + ...

R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, second edition, Addison Wesley, p 597
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..99 (terms n = 1..50 from T. D. Noe)
Alfred Brousseau, Fibonacci and Related Number Theoretic Tables, Fibonacci Association, San Jose, CA, 1972, p. 74.
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Mathematica Stack Exchange, Product of Fibonacci numbers using For/Do/While loops.
Yuri V. Matiyasevich and Richard K. Guy, A new formula for Pi, Amer. Math. Monthly 93 (1986), no. 8, 631-635. Math. Rev. 2000i:11199.
Aidan Sudbury, Arthur Sun, David Treeby, and Edward Wang, Pick-up Sticks and the Fibonacci Factorial, arXiv:2504.19911 [math.PR], 2025.
Thotsaporn Aek Thanatipanonda and Yi Zhang, Sequences: Polynomial, C-finite, Holonomic, ..., arXiv:2004.01370 [math.CO], 2020. See pp. 5-6.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Fibonorial
Index to divisibility sequences.

Cf. A000045, A101689, A135598, A158472.
Cf. A123741 (for Fibonacci second version), A002110 (for primes), A070825 (for Lucas), A003046 (for Catalan), A126772 (for Padovan), A069777 (q-factorial numbers for sums of powers). - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 21 2011
Cf. A176343, A238243, A238244.

a003266 n = a003266_list !! (n-1)
a003266_list = scanl1 (*) $ tail a000045_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 03 2013

with(combinat): A003266 := n-> mul(fibonacci(i),i=1..n): seq(A003266(n), n=0..20);

Rest[FoldList[Times,1,Fibonacci[Range[20]]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 11 2011 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, Fibonorial[n]]; (* Michael Somos, Oct 23 2017 *)
Table[Round[GoldenRatio^(n(n-1)/2) QFactorial[n, GoldenRatio-2]], {n, 20}] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Sep 14 2016 *)

a(n)=prod(i=1,n,fibonacci(i)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 13 2012

from itertools import islice
def A003266_gen(): # generator of terms
    a,b,c = 1,1,1
    while True:
        yield c
        c *= a
        a, b = b, a+b
A003266_list = list(islice(A003266_gen(),20)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jan 11 2023

a(n) is asymptotic to C*phi^(n*(n+1)/2)/sqrt(5)^n where phi = (1 + sqrt(5))/2 is the golden ratio and the decimal expansion of C is given in A062073. - Benoit Cloitre, Jan 11 2003
a(n+3) = a(n+1)*a(n+2)/a(n) + a(n+2)^2/a(n+1). - Robert Israel, May 19 2014
a(0) = 1 by convention since empty products equal 1. - Michael Somos, Oct 06 2014
0 = a(n)*(+a(n+1)*a(n+3) - a(n+2)^2) + a(n+2)*(-a(n+1)^2) for all n >= 0. - Michael Somos, Oct 06 2014
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = A101689. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 27 2020
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = A135598. - Amiram Eldar, Apr 12 2021
a(n) = (2/sqrt(5))^n * Product_{j=1..n} i^j*sinh(c*j), where c = arccsch(2) - i*Pi/2. - Peter Luschny, Jul 07 2025

a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Oct 12 2016

A005329 a(n) = Product_{i=1..n} (2^i - 1). Also called 2-factorial numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 21, 315, 9765, 615195, 78129765, 19923090075, 10180699028325, 10414855105976475, 21319208401933844325, 87302158405919092510875, 715091979502883286756577125, 11715351900195736886933003038875, 383876935713713710574133710574817125

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Conjecture: this sequence is the inverse binomial transform of A075272 or, equivalently, the inverse binomial transform of the BinomialMean transform of A075271. - John W. Layman, Sep 12 2002
To win a game, you must flip n+1 heads in a row, where n is the total number of tails flipped so far. Then the probability of winning for the first time after n tails is A005329 / A006125. The probability of having won before n+1 tails is A114604 / A006125. - Joshua Zucker, Dec 14 2005
Number of upper triangular n X n (0,1)-matrices with no zero rows. - Vladeta Jovovic, Mar 10 2008
Equals the q-Fibonacci series for q = (-2), and the series prefaced with a 1: (1, 1, 1, 3, 21, ...) dot (1, -2, 4, -8, ...) if n is even, and (-1, 2, -4, 8, ...) if n is odd. For example, a(3) = 21 = (1, 1, 1, 3) dot (-1, 2, -4, 8) = (-1, 2, -4, 24) and a(4) = 315 = (1, 1, 1, 3, 21) dot (1, -2, 4, -8 16) = (1, -2, 4, -24, 336). - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 17 2009
Number of chambers in an A_n(K) building where K=GF(2) is the field of two elements. This is also the number of maximal flags in an n-dimensional vector space over a field of two elements. - Marcos Spreafico, Mar 22 2012
Given probability p = 1/2^n that an outcome will occur at the n-th stage of an infinite process, then starting at n=1, A114604(n)/A006125(n+2) = 1-a(n)/A006125(n+1) is the probability that the outcome has occurred up to and including the n-th iteration. The limiting ratio is 1-A048651 ~ 0.7112119. These observations are a more formal and generalized statement of Joshua Zucker's Dec 14, 2005 comment. - Bob Selcoe, Mar 02 2016
Also the number of dominating sets in the n-triangular honeycomb rook graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 14 2017
Empirical: Letting Q denote the Hall-Littlewood Q basis of the symmetric functions over the field of fractions of the univariate polynomial ring in t over the field of rational numbers, and letting h denote the complete homogeneous basis, a(n) is equal to the absolute value of 2^A000292(n) times the coefficient of h_{1^(n*(n+1)/2)} in Q_{(n, n-1, ..., 1)} with t evaluated at 1/2. - John M. Campbell, Apr 30 2018
The series f(x) = Sum_{n>=0} x^(2^n-1)/a(n) satisfies f'(x) = f(x^2), f(0) = 1. - Lucas Larsen, Jan 05 2022

			G.f. = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 21*x^3 + 315*x^4 + 9765*x^5 + 615195*x^6 + 78129765*x^7 + ...

Annie Cuyt, Vigdis Brevik Petersen, Brigitte Verdonk, Haakon Waadeland, and William B. Jones, Handbook of continued fractions for special functions, Springer, New York, 2008. (see 19.2.1)
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 358.
Mark Ronan, Lectures on Buildings (Perspectives in Mathematics; Vol. 7), Academic Press Inc., 1989.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
E. Andresen and K. Kjeldsen, On certain subgraphs of a complete transitively directed graph, Discrete Math., Vol. 14, No. 2 (1976), pp. 103-119.
Paul Barry, Centered polygon numbers, heptagons and nonagons, and the Robbins numbers, arXiv:2104.01644 [math.CO], 2021.
Geoffrey Critzer, Combinatorics of Vector Spaces over Finite Fields, Master's thesis, Emporia State University, 2018.
Hsien-Kuei Hwang, Emma Yu Jin, and Michael J. Schlosser, Asymptotics and statistics on Fishburn Matrices: dimension distribution and a conjecture of Stoimenow, arXiv:2012.13570 [math.CO], 2020.
Kent E. Morrison, Integer Sequences and Matrices Over Finite Fields, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 9 (2006), Article 06.2.1.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Dominating Set.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, q-Factorial.
Index entries for sequences related to factorial numbers.

Cf. A000225, A005321, A006125, A114604, A006088, A028362, A027871 (3-fac), A027872 (5-fac), A027873 (6-fac), A048651, A048652, A075271, A075272, A032085, A122746.
Cf. A048651, A079555, A152476 (inverse binomial transform).
Column q=2 of A069777.

List([0..15],n->Product([1..n],i->2^i-1)); # Muniru A Asiru, May 18 2018

[1] cat [&*[ 2^k-1: k in [1..n] ]: n in [1..16]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 24 2015

A005329 := proc(n) option remember; if n<=1 then 1 else (2^n-1)*procname(n-1); end if; end proc: seq(A005329(n), n=0..15);

a[0] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = (2^n-1)*a[n-1]; a /@ Range[0,14] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 22 2011 *)
FoldList[Times, 1, 2^Range[15] - 1] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 21 2011 *)
Table[QFactorial[n, 2], {n, 0, 14}] (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Oct 30 2012 *)
QFactorial[Range[0, 10], 2] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 14 2017 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, (-1)^n QPochhammer[ 2, 2, n]]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 28 2018 *)

a(n)=polcoeff(sum(m=0,n,2^(m*(m+1)/2)*x^m/prod(k=0,m,1+2^k*x+x*O(x^n))),n) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Sep 17 2009

Dx(n,F)=local(D=F);for(i=1,n,D=deriv(D));D
a(n)=local(A=1+x+x*O(x^n));for(i=1,n,A=1+sum(k=1,n,x^k/k!*Dx(k,x*A+x*O(x^n) ))); polcoeff(A,n) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Apr 21 2012

{a(n) = if( n<0, 0, prod(k=1, n, 2^k - 1))}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 28 2018 */

{a(n) = if( n<0, 0, (-1)^n * sum(k=0, n+1, (-1)^k * 2^(k*(k+1)/2) * prod(j=1, k, (2^(n+1-j) - 1) / (2^j - 1))))}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 28 2018 */

a(n)/2^(n*(n+1)/2) -> c = 0.2887880950866024212788997219294585937270... (see A048651, A048652).
From Paul D. Hanna, Sep 17 2009: (Start)
G.f.: Sum_{n>=0} 2^(n*(n+1)/2) * x^n / (Product_{k=0..n} (1+2^k*x)).
Compare to: 1 = Sum_{n>=0} 2^(n*(n+1)/2) * x^n/(Product_{k=1..n+1} (1+2^k*x)). (End)
G.f. satisfies: A(x) = 1 + Sum_{n>=1} x^n/n! * d^n/dx^n x*A(x). - Paul D. Hanna, Apr 21 2012
a(n) = 2^(binomial(n+1,2))*(1/2; 1/2){n}, where (a;q){n} is the q-Pochhammer symbol. - G. C. Greubel, Dec 23 2015
a(n) = Product_{i=1..n} A000225(i). - Michel Marcus, Dec 27 2015
From Peter Bala, Nov 10 2017: (Start)
O.g.f. as a continued fraction of Stieltjes' type: A(x) = 1/(1 - x/(1 - 2*x/(1 - 6*x/(1 - 12*x/(1 - 28*x/(1 - 56*x/(1 - ... -(2^n - 2^floor(n/2))*x/(1 - ... )))))))) (follows from Heine's continued fraction for the ratio of two q-hypergeometric series at q = 2. See Cuyt et al. 19.2.1).
A(x) = 1/(1 + x - 2*x/(1 - (2 - 1)^2*x/(1 + x - 2^3*x/(1 - (2^2 - 1)^2*x/(1 + x - 2^5*x/(1 - (2^3 - 1)^2*x/(1 + x - 2^7*x/(1 - (2^4 - 1)^2*x/(1 + x - ... ))))))))). (End)
0 = a(n)*(a(n+1) - a(n+2)) + 2*a(n+1)^2 for all n>=0. - Michael Somos, Feb 23 2019
From Amiram Eldar, Feb 19 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = A079555.
Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n/a(n) = A048651. (End)

Better definition from Leslie Ann Goldberg (leslie(AT)dcs.warwick.ac.uk), Dec 11 1999

A069778 q-factorial numbers 3!_q.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 21, 52, 105, 186, 301, 456, 657, 910, 1221, 1596, 2041, 2562, 3165, 3856, 4641, 5526, 6517, 7620, 8841, 10186, 11661, 13272, 15025, 16926, 18981, 21196, 23577, 26130, 28861, 31776, 34881, 38182, 41685, 45396, 49321, 53466, 57837, 62440, 67281, 72366

Offset: 0

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Apr 07 2002

Number of proper n-colorings of the 4-cycle with one vertex color fixed (offset 2). - Michael Somos, Jul 19 2002
n such that x^3 + x^2 + x + n factors over the integers. - James R. Buddenhagen, Apr 19 2005
If Y is a 4-subset of an n-set X then, for n>=5, a(n-5) is the number of 5-subsets of X having at least two elements in common with Y. - Milan Janjic, Dec 08 2007
Equals row sums of the Connell (A001614) sequence read as a triangle. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 01 2008
Binomial transform of 1, 5, 10, 6, 0, 0, 0 (0 continued). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 17 2014
Digital root is A251780. - Peter M. Chema, Jul 11 2016

			For 2-colorings only 1212 is proper so a(2-2)=1. The proper 3-colorings are: 1212,1313,1213,1312,1232,1323 so a(3-2)=6.
a(0) = 1*1 = 1;
a(1) = 1*1 + 5*1 = 6;
a(2) = 1*1 + 5*2 + 10*1 = 21;
a(3) = 1*1 + 5*3 + 10*3 + 6*1 = 52;
a(4) = 1*1 + 5*4 + 10*6 + 6*4 = 105; etc. - _Philippe Deléham_, Mar 17 2014

T. A. Gulliver, Sequences from Cubes of Integers, Int. Math. Journal, 4 (2003), 439-445.

Kelvin Voskuijl, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
M. Golafshan, M. Rigo, and M. Whiteland, Computing the k-binomial complexity of generalized Thue-Morse words, arXiv:2412.18425 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 29.
Cemil Karaçam and Alper Vural, Enumerating 2D and 3D lattice paths with arbitrary steps, Mathematica Bohemica, pp. 1-13 (2025). See p. 10.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,-6,4,-1).

Cf. A069777, A069779, A218503, A056108 (first differences).
Cf. A001614. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 01 2008
Cf. A226449. - Bruno Berselli, Jun 09 2013

A069778 := proc(n)
    (n+1)*(n^2+n+1) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Aug 24 2013

LinearRecurrence[{4, -6, 4, -1}, {1, 6, 21, 52}, 41] (* or *) Table[(n + 1) (n^2 + n + 1), {n, 0, 41}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 11 2011 *)
Table[QFactorial[3, n], {n, 0, 41}] (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Oct 31 2012 *)

PARI
```
a(n)=(n+1)*(n^2+n+1)
```

a(n) = (n + 1)*(n^2 + n + 1).
a(n) = (n+1)^3-2*T(n) where T(n) =n*(n+1)/2= A000217(n) is the n-th triangular number. - Herman Jamke (hermanjamke(AT)fastmail.fm), Sep 14 2006
a(n) = n^8 mod (n^3+n), with offset 1..a(1)=1. - Gary Detlefs, May 02 2010
a(n) = 4*a(n-1)-6*a(n-2)+ 4*a(n-3)- a(n-4), n>3. - Harvey P. Dale, Jul 11 2011
G.f.: (1+2*x+3*x^2)/(1-x)^4. - Harvey P. Dale, Jul 11 2011
For n>0 a(n) = Sum_{k=A000217(n-1)...A000217(n+1)} k. - J. M. Bergot, Feb 11 2015
E.g.f.: (1 + 5*x + 5*x^2 + x^3)*exp(x). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 11 2016

A015001 q-factorial numbers for q=3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 52, 2080, 251680, 91611520, 100131391360, 328430963660800, 3232089113385932800, 95424198983606279987200, 8452007576574959037306265600, 2245867453247498115393020895232000, 1790317944898228845164815929864036352000

Offset: 0

Olivier Gérard

a(n) is the number of maximal chains in the lattice of subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space over GF(3). - Geoffrey Critzer, Sep 07 2022

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Index entries for sequences related to factorial numbers.

Cf. A015002, A015004, A015005, A015006, A015007, A015008, A015009, A015011.
Column q=3 of A069777.
Cf. A000079, A003462, A047656, A053290, A100220.

[n le 1 select 1 else (3^n-1)*Self(n-1)/2: n in [1..15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 22 2012

RecurrenceTable[{a[1]==1, a[n]==((3^n - 1) * a[n-1])/2}, a, {n,15}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 27 2012 *)
Table[QFactorial[n, 3], {n, 15}] (* Bruno Berselli, Aug 14 2013 *)

a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} (q^k - 1) / (q - 1).
a(0) = 1, a(n) = (3^n - 1)*a(n-1)/2. - Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 27 2012
a(n) = (Product_{i=0..n-1} (q^n-q^i))/((q-1)^n*q^binomial(n,2)) = A053290(n)/(A000079(n)*A047656(n)). - Geoffrey Critzer, Sep 07 2022
From Amiram Eldar, Jul 05 2025: (Start)
a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} A003462(k).
a(n) ~ c * 3^(n*(n+1)/2)/2^n, where c = A100220. (End)

a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Sep 08 2021

A104878 A sum-of-powers number triangle.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 1, 4, 7, 4, 1, 1, 5, 15, 13, 5, 1, 1, 6, 31, 40, 21, 6, 1, 1, 7, 63, 121, 85, 31, 7, 1, 1, 8, 127, 364, 341, 156, 43, 8, 1, 1, 9, 255, 1093, 1365, 781, 259, 57, 9, 1, 1, 10, 511, 3280, 5461, 3906, 1555, 400, 73, 10, 1, 1, 11, 1023, 9841, 21845

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Mar 28 2005

Columns are partial sums of the columns of A004248. Row sums are A104879. Diagonal sums are A104880.

The rows of this triangle (apart from the initial "1" in each row) are the antidiagonals of rectangle A055129. The diagonals of this triangle (apart from the initial "1") are the rows of rectangle A055129. The columns of this triangle (apart from the leftmost column) are the same as the columns of rectangle A055129 but shifted downward. - Mathew Englander, Dec 21 2020

			Triangle starts:
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  2,  1;
  1,  3,  3,  1;
  1,  4,  7,  4,  1;
  1,  5, 15, 13,  5,  1;
  1,  6, 31, 40, 21,  6,  1;
  ...

Cf. A004248 (first differences by column), A104879 (row sums), A104880 (antidiagonal sums), A125118 (version of this triangle with fewer terms).
This triangle (ignoring the leftmost column) is a rotation of rectangle A055129.
Columns (adjusting offset as necessary): A000012, A000027, A000225, A003462, A002450, A003463, A003464, A023000, A023001, A002452, A002275, A016123, A016125, A091030, A135519, A135518, A131865, A091045, A218721, A218722, A064108, A218724, A218725, A218726, A218727, A218728, A218729, A218730, A218731, A218732, A218733, A218734, A132469, A218736, A218737, A218738, A218739, A218740, A218741, A218742, A218743, A218744, A218745, A218746, A218747, A218748, A218749, A218750, A218751, A218753, A218752.
T(2n,n) gives A031973.

A104878 :=proc(n,k): if k = 0 then 1 elif k=1 then n elif k>=2 then (k^(n-k+1)-1)/(k-1) fi: end: for n from 0 to 7 do seq(A104878(n,k), k=0..n) od; seq(seq(A104878(n,k), k=0..n), n=0..10); # Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 21 2011

T(n, k) = if(k=1, n, if(k<=n, (k^(n-k+1)-1)/(k-1), 0));
G.f. of column k: x^k/((1-x)(1-k*x)). [corrected by Werner Schulte, Jun 05 2019]
T(n, k) = A069777(n+1,k)/A069777(n,k). [Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 21 2011]
T(n, k) = A055129(n+1-k, k) for n >= k > 0. - Mathew Englander, Dec 19 2020

A384454 Square array A(n,k), n >= 0, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals downwards, where A(n,k) is the n-th q-factorial number for q=-k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, -2, -3, 0, 1, 1, 1, -3, -14, 15, 0, 1, 1, 1, -4, -39, 280, 165, 0, 1, 1, 1, -5, -84, 1989, 17080, -3465, 0, 1, 1, 1, -6, -155, 8736, 407745, -3108560, -148995, 0, 1, 1, 1, -7, -258, 28675, 4551456, -333943155, -1700382320, 12664575, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Seiichi Manyama, May 30 2025

			Square array begins:
  1, 1,   1,     1,      1,       1, ...
  1, 1,   1,     1,      1,       1, ...
  1, 0,  -1,    -2,     -3,      -4, ...
  1, 0,  -3,   -14,    -39,     -84, ...
  1, 0,  15,   280,   1989,    8736, ...
  1, 0, 165, 17080, 407745, 4551456, ...

Index entries for sequences related to factorial numbers.

Columns k=2..13 give A015013, A015015, A015017, A015018, A015019, A015020, A015022, A015023, A015025, A015026, A015027, A015028.
Main diagonal gives A384453.
Cf. A069777.

A[n_, k_] := QFactorial[n, -k]; Table[A[k, n - k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Amiram Eldar, Aug 10 2025 *)

a(n, k) = prod(j=1, n, ((1-(-k)^j)/(1+k)));

A(n,k) = Product_{j=1..n} (1 - (-k)^j)/(1 + k).

A015002 q-factorial numbers for q=4.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 5, 105, 8925, 3043425, 4154275125, 22686496457625, 495586515116818125, 43304845277422684580625, 15136126045591163828042953125, 21161832960467051739150680807015625, 118345540457280742481284963098558216328125, 2647344887069536899904944217513732945696167890625

Offset: 0

Olivier Gérard

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Index entries for sequences related to factorial numbers.

Cf. A015001, A015004, A015005, A015006, A015007, A015008, A015009, A015011.
Column q=4 of A069777.
Cf. A002450, A100221.

[n le 1 select 1 else (4^n-1)*Self(n-1)/3: n in [1..15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 22 2012

RecurrenceTable[{a[1]==1, a[n]==((4^n - 1) * a[n-1])/3}, a, {n, 15}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 27 2012 *)
Table[QFactorial[n, 4], {n, 15}] (* Bruno Berselli, Aug 14 2013 *)

a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} (q^k - 1) / (q - 1) with q=4.
a(0) = 1, a(n) = (4^n-1)*a(n-1)/3. - Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 27 2012
From Amiram Eldar, Jul 05 2025: (Start)
a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} A002450(k).
a(n) ~ c * 2^(n*(n+1))/3^n, where c = A100221. (End)

a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Sep 08 2021

A015004 q-factorial numbers for q=5.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 6, 186, 29016, 22661496, 88515803376, 1728802155736656, 168827903320618878336, 82435457461295106532780416, 201258420458750640859769304304896, 2456767777551003294245070550498298923776, 149949204558598784020761783280669552547300269056

Offset: 0

Olivier Gérard

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Index entries for sequences related to factorial numbers.

Column q=5 of A069777.
Cf. A015001, A015002, A015005, A015006, A015007, A015008, A015009, A015011.
Cf. A003463, A100222.

[n le 1 select 1 else (5^n-1)*Self(n-1)/4: n in [1..15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 25 2012

RecurrenceTable[{a[1]==1, a[n]==((5^n - 1)* a[n-1])/4}, a, {n, 15}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 25 2012 *)
Table[QFactorial[n, 5], {n, 15}] (* Bruno Berselli, Aug 14 2013 *)

a(n) = { my(q=5); prod(k=1, n, ((q^k - 1) / (q - 1))) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Feb 18 2018

a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} ((q^k - 1) / (q - 1)) where q = 5.
a(0) = 1, a(n) = (5^n-1)*a(n-1)/4. - Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 25 2012
From Amiram Eldar, Jul 05 2025: (Start)
a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} A003463(k).
a(n) ~ c * 5^(n*(n+1)/2)/4^n, where c = A100222. (End)

a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Sep 08 2021

A015006 q-factorial numbers for q=7.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 8, 456, 182400, 510902400, 10017774259200, 1375009641495014400, 1321109263548409835520000, 8885253784030448738183147520000, 418310711031156574478261944188764160000, 137856159231156714984163673320892478249861120000

Offset: 0

Olivier Gérard

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..40
Index entries for sequences related to factorial numbers.

Cf. A015001, A015002, A015004, A015005, A015007, A015008, A015009, A015011.
Column q=7 of A069777.
Cf. A023000, A132035.

[n le 1 select 1 else (7^n-1)*Self(n-1)/6: n in [1..15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 25 2012

RecurrenceTable[{a[1]==1, a[n]==((7^n - 1) * a[n-1])/6}, a, {n, 15}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 25 2012 *)
Table[QFactorial[n, 7], {n, 15}] (* Bruno Berselli, Aug 14 2013 *)

a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} (7^k-1)/(7-1).
a(0) = 1, a(n) = (7^n - 1)*a(n-1)/6. - Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 25 2012
From Amiram Eldar, Jul 05 2025: (Start)
a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} A023000(k).
a(n) ~ c * 7^(n*(n+1)/2)/6^n, where c = A132035. (End)

a(0)=1 prepended by Alois P. Heinz, Sep 08 2021

cp's OEIS Frontend

A008302 Triangle of Mahonian numbers T(n,k): coefficients in expansion of Product_{i=0..n-1} (1 + x + ... + x^i), where k ranges from 0 to A000217(n-1). Also enumerates permutations by their major index.

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A003266 Product of first n nonzero Fibonacci numbers F(1), ..., F(n).

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A005329 a(n) = Product_{i=1..n} (2^i - 1). Also called 2-factorial numbers.

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A069778 q-factorial numbers 3!_q.

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A015001 q-factorial numbers for q=3.

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