A083065 -id:A083065 - cp's OEIS frontend

A007051 a(n) = (3^n + 1)/2.

1, 2, 5, 14, 41, 122, 365, 1094, 3281, 9842, 29525, 88574, 265721, 797162, 2391485, 7174454, 21523361, 64570082, 193710245, 581130734, 1743392201, 5230176602, 15690529805, 47071589414, 141214768241, 423644304722, 1270932914165, 3812798742494, 11438396227481

Offset: 0

Colin Mallows, N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe, Robert G. Wilson v

Number of ordered trees with n edges and height at most 4.
Number of palindromic structures using a maximum of three different symbols. - Marks R. Nester
Number of compositions of all even natural numbers into n parts <= 2 (0 is counted as a part), see example. - Adi Dani, May 14 2011
Consider the mapping f(a/b) = (a + 2*b)/(2*a + b). Taking a = 1, b = 2 to start with, and carrying out this mapping repeatedly on each new (reduced) rational number gives the sequence 1/2, 4/5, 13/14, 40/41, ... converging to 1. The sequence contains the denominators = (3^n+1)/2. The same mapping for N, i.e., f(a/b) = (a + N*b)/(a+b) gives fractions converging to N^(1/2). - Amarnath Murthy, Mar 22 2003
Second binomial transform of the expansion of cosh(x). - Paul Barry, Apr 05 2003
The sequence (1, 1, 2, 5, ...) = 3^n/6 + 1/2 + 0^n/3 has binomial transform A007581. - Paul Barry, Jul 20 2003
Number of (s(0), s(1), ..., s(2n+2)) such that 0 < s(i) < 6 and |s(i) - s(i-1)| = 1 for i = 1, 2, ..., 2n+2, s(0) = 1, s(2n+2) = 1. - Herbert Kociemba, Jun 10 2004
Density of regular language L over {1,2,3}^* (i.e., number of strings of length n in L) described by regular expression 11*+11*2(1+2)*+11*2(1+2)*3(1+2+3)*. - Nelma Moreira, Oct 10 2004
Sums of rows of the triangle in A119258. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 11 2006
Number of n-words from the alphabet A = {a,b,c} which contain an even number of a's. - Fung Cheok Yin (cheokyin_restart(AT)yahoo.com.hk), Aug 30 2006
Let P(A) be the power set of an n-element set A. Then a(n) = the number of pairs of elements {x,y} of P(A) for which either 0) x and y are disjoint and for which x is not a subset of y and y is not a subset of x, or 1) x = y. - Ross La Haye, Jan 10 2008
a(n+1) gives the number of primitive periodic multiplex juggling sequences of length n with base state <2>. - Steve Butler, Jan 21 2008
a(n) is also the number of idempotent order-preserving and order-decreasing partial transformations (of an n-chain). - Abdullahi Umar, Oct 02 2008
Equals row sums of triangle A147292. - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 05 2008
Equals leftmost column of A071919^3. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 13 2009
A010888(a(n))=5 for n >= 2, that is, the digital root of the terms >= 5 equals 5. - Parthasarathy Nambi, Jun 03 2009
Let A be the Hessenberg matrix of order n, defined by: A[1,j]=1, A[i,i]:=5, (i>1), A[i,i-1]=-1, and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n-1)=(-1)^n*charpoly(A,2). - Milan Janjic, Jan 27 2010
Let A be the Hessenberg matrix of order n, defined by: A[1,j]=1, A[i,i]:=6, (i>1), A[i,i-1]=-1, and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n)=(-1)^(n-1)*charpoly(A,3). - Milan Janjic, Feb 21 2010
It appears that if s(n) is a rational sequence of the form s(1)=2, s(n)= (2*s(n-1)+1)/(s(n-1)+2), n>1 then s(n)=a(n)/(a(n-1)-1).
Form an array with m(1,n)=1 and m(i,j) = Sum_{k=1..i-1} m(k,j) + Sum_{k=1..j-1} m(i,k), which is the sum of the terms to the left of m(i,j) plus the sum above m(i,j). The sum of the terms in antidiagonal(n-1) = a(n). - J. M. Bergot, Jul 16 2013
From Peter Bala, Oct 29 2013: (Start)
An Engel expansion of 3 to the base b := 3/2 as defined in A181565, with the associated series expansion 3 = b + b^2/2 + b^3/(2*5) + b^4/(2*5*14) + .... Cf. A034472.
More generally, for a positive integer n >= 3, the sequence [1, n - 1, n^2 - n - 1, ..., ( (n - 2)*n^k + 1 )/(n - 1), ...] is an Engel expansion of n/(n - 2) to the base n/(n - 1). Cases include A007583 (n = 4), A083065 (n = 5) and A083066 (n = 6). (End)
Diagonal elements (and one more than antidiagonal elements) of the matrix A^n where A=(2,1;1,2). - David Neil McGrath, Aug 17 2014
From M. Sinan Kul, Sep 07 2016: (Start)
a(n) is equal to the number of integer solutions to the following equation when x is equal to the product of n distinct primes: 1/x = 1/y + 1/z where 0 < x < y <= z.
If z = k*y where k is a fraction >= 1 then the solutions can be given as: y = ((k+1)/k)*x and z = (k+1)*x.
Here k can be equal to any divisor of x or to the ratio of two divisors.
For example for x = 2*3*5 = 30 (product of three distinct primes), k would have the following 14 values: 1, 6/5, 3/2, 5/3, 2, 5/2, 3, 10/3, 5, 6, 15/2, 10, 15, 30.
As an example for k = 10/3, we would have y=39, z=130 and 1/39 + 1/130 = 1/30.
Here finding the number of fractions would be equivalent to distributing n balls (distinct primes) to two bins (numerator and denominator) with no empty bins which can be found using Stirling numbers of the second kind. So another definition for a(n) is: a(n) = 2^n + Sum_{i=2..n} Stirling2(i,2)*binomial(n,i).
(End)
a(n+1) is the smallest i for which the Catalan number C(i) (see A000108) is divisible by 3^n for n > 0. This follows from the rule given by Franklin T. Adams-Watters for determining the multiplicity with which a prime divides C(n). We need to find the smallest number in base 3 to achieve a given count. Applied to prime 3, 1 is the smallest digit that counts but requires to be followed by 2 which cannot be at the end to count. Therefore the number in base 3 of the form 1{n-1 times}20 = (3^(n+1) + 1)/2 + 1 = a(n+1)+1 is the smallest number to achieve count n which implies the claim. - Peter Schorn, Mar 06 2020
Let A be a Toeplitz matrix of order n, defined by: A[i,j]=1, if ij; A[i,i]=2. Then, for n>=1, a(n) = det A. - Dmitry Efimov, Oct 28 2021
a(n) is the least number k such that A065363(k) = -(n-1), for n > 0. - Amiram Eldar, Sep 03 2022

			From _Adi Dani_, May 14 2011: (Start)
a(3)=14 because all compositions of even natural numbers into 3 parts <=2 are
for 0: (0,0,0)
for 2: (0,1,1), (1,0,1), (1,1,0), (0,0,2), (0,2,0), (2,0,0)
for 4: (0,2,2), (2,0.2), (2,2,0), (1,1,2), (1,2,1), (2,1,1)
for 6: (2,2,2).
(End)

J. M. Borwein, D. H. Bailey and R. Girgensohn, Experimentation in Mathematics, A K Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, 2004. x+357 pp. See p. 47.
Adi Dani, Quasicompositions of natural numbers, Proceedings of III congress of mathematicians of Macedonia, Struga Macedonia 29 IX -2 X 2005 pages 225-238.
R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, Springer, 1st edition, 1981. See section E11.
M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]
P. Ribenboim, The Book of Prime Number Records. Springer-Verlag, NY, 2nd ed., 1989, p. 60.
P. Ribenboim, The Little Book of Big Primes, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1991, p. 53.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Joerg Arndt and N. J. A. Sloane, Counting Words that are in "Standard Order"
Jean Luc Baril, Rigoberto Flórez, and José L. Ramirez, Generalized Narayana arrays, restricted Dyck paths, and related bijections, Univ. Bourgogne (France, 2025). See p. 27.
Jean-Luc Baril, Pamela E. Harris, and José L. Ramírez, Flattened Catalan Words, arXiv:2405.05357 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 6.
Jean-Luc Baril, Sergey Kirgizov, and Vincent Vajnovszki, Descent distribution on Catalan words avoiding a pattern of length at most three, arXiv:1803.06706 [math.CO], 2018.
Jean-Luc Baril and Helmut Prodinger, Enumeration of partial Lukasiewicz paths, arXiv:2205.01383 [math.CO], 2022.
Andrew M. Baxter and Lara K. Pudwell, Ascent sequences avoiding pairs of patterns, preprint, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 22, Issue 1 (2015), Paper #P1.58.
Beáta Bényi and Toshiki Matsusaka, Extensions of the combinatorics of poly-Bernoulli numbers, arXiv:2106.05585 [math.CO], 2021.
Steve Butler and Ron Graham, Enumerating (multiplex) juggling sequences, arXiv:0801.2597 [math.CO], 2008.
Peter J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
Francis Castro-Velez, Alexander Diaz-Lopez, Rosa Orellana, Jose Pastrana, and Rita Zevallos, Number of permutations with same peak set for signed permutations, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1308.6621 [math.CO], 2013.
Nachum Dershowitz, Between Broadway and the Hudson: A Bijection of Corridor Paths, arXiv:2006.06516 [math.CO], 2020.
Alexander Diaz-Lopez, Pamela E. Harris, Erik Insko, and Darleen Perez-Lavin, Peaks Sets of Classical Coxeter Groups, arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.04479 [math.GR], 2015.
Paul Duncan and Einar Steingrimsson, Pattern avoidance in ascent sequences, arXiv preprint arXiv:1109.3641 [math.CO], 2011.
Dmitry Efimov, Determinant of Three-Layer Toeplitz Matrices, Journal of Integer Sequences, 24 (2021), Article 21.9.7.
Petr Gregor, Torsten Mütze, and Namrata, Combinatorial generation via permutation languages. VI. Binary trees, arXiv:2306.08420 [cs.DM], 2023.
Petr Gregor, Torsten Mütze, and Namrata, Pattern-Avoiding Binary Trees-Generation, Counting, and Bijections, Leibniz Int'l Proc. Informatics (LIPIcs), 34th Int'l Symp. Algor. Comp. (ISAAC 2023). See p. 33.13.
Frank K. Hwang and Colin L. Mallows, Enumerating nested and consecutive partitions, Preprint. (Annotated scanned copy)
Frank K. Hwang and Colin L. Mallows, Enumerating nested and consecutive partitions, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 70 (1995), no. 2, 323-333.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 163
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 454, divided by 2.
Andreas M. Hinz, Sandi Klavžar, Uroš Milutinović, and Ciril Petr, The Tower of Hanoi - Myths and Maths, Birkhäuser 2013. See page 100. Book's website
Sergey Kitaev and Jeffrey Remmel, Simple marked mesh patterns, arXiv preprint arXiv:1201.1323 [math.CO], 2012.
Sergey Kitaev, Jeffrey Remmel, and Mark Tiefenbruck, Marked mesh patterns in 132-avoiding permutations I, arXiv:1201.6243 [math.CO], 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, May 09 2012
Sergey Kitaev, Jeffrey Remmel, and Mark Tiefenbruck, Quadrant Marked Mesh Patterns in 132-Avoiding Permutations II, Integers: Electronic Journal of Combinatorial Number Theory, Vol. 15 (2015), #A16. (arXiv:1302.2274)
Craig Knecht, Number of tilings for a repetitive 4 sphinx tile shape.
Takao Komatsu, Some recurrence relations of poly-Cauchy numbers, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., 12(12) (2019), 829-845.
Ross La Haye, Binary Relations on the Power Set of an n-Element Set, Journal of Integer Sequences, 12 (2009), Article 09.2.6.
Abdallah Laradji and Abdullahi Umar, Combinatorial results for semigroups of order-preserving partial transformations, Journal of Algebra, 278, (2004), 342-359.
Abdallah Laradji and Abdullahi Umar, Combinatorial results for semigroups of order-decreasing partial transformations, J. Integer Seq., 7 (2004), 04.3.8.
Erkko Lehtonen and Tamás Waldhauser, Associative spectra of graph algebras I. Foundations, undirected graphs, antiassociative graphs, arXiv:2011.07621 [math.CO], 2020.
Kin Y. Li, Problem 83, Mathematical Excalibur, 4 (1999), Number 4, p. 3.
Toufik Mansour and Mark Shattuck, Avoidance of classical patterns by Catalan sequences, Filomat 31, No. 3, 543-558 (2017). Theorem 3.7.
Toufik Mansour and Mark Shattuck, On ascent sequences avoiding 021 and a pattern of length four, arXiv:2507.17947 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 21.
Nelma Moreira and Rogerio Reis, On the density of languages representing finite set partitions, Technical Report DCC-2004-07, August 2004, DCC-FC& LIACC, Universidade do Porto.
Nelma Moreira and Rogério Reis, On the Density of Languages Representing Finite Set Partitions, Journal of Integer Sequences, 8 (2005), Article 05.2.8.
David Nečas and Ivan Ohlídal, Consolidated series for efficient calculation of the reflection and transmission in rough multilayers, Optics Express, 22(4) (2014); see Table 1.
Lara Pudwell, Pattern avoidance in trees, (slides from a talk, mentions many sequences), 2012.
Lara Pudwell, Pattern-avoiding ascent sequences, Slides from a talk, 2015.
Lara Pudwell and Andrew Baxter, Ascent sequences avoiding pairs of patterns, Slides, Permutation Patterns 2014, East Tennessee State University Jul 07 2014.
Mark Shattuck, Enumeration of consecutive patterns in flattened Catalan words, arXiv:2502.10661 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 1.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Mephisto Waltz Sequence.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,-3).

Cf. A056449, A064881-A064886, A008277, A007581, A056272, A056273, A000392, A000079, A034472, A147292, A003462, A065363, A071919, A007583, A083065, A083066.

A row of the array in A278984.

[(3^n+1)/2: n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 23 2015

ZL := [S, {S=Union(Sequence(Z), Sequence(Union(Z, Z, Z)))}, unlabeled]: seq(combstruct[count](ZL, size=n)/2, n=0..25); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 19 2008

Table[(3^n + 1)/2, {n, 0, 50}] (* Stefan Steinerberger, Apr 08 2006 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(1 - 2 x)/((1 - x) (1 - 3 x)), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 20 2011 *)
LinearRecurrence[{4, -3}, {2, 5}, {0, 28}] (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Oct 30 2012 *)

a(n)=(3^n+1)>>1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 10 2011

def A007051(n): return 3**n+1>>1 # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 14 2022

a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 1.
Binomial transform of Chebyshev coefficients A011782. - Paul Barry, Mar 16 2003
From Paul Barry, Mar 16 2003: (Start)
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) for n > 1, a(0)=1, a(1)=2.
G.f.: (1 - 2*x)/((1 - x)*(1 - 3*x)). (End)
E.g.f.: exp(2*x)*cosh(x). - Paul Barry, Apr 05 2003
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n, 2*k)*2^(n-2*k). - Paul Barry, May 08 2003
This sequence is also the partial sums of the first 3 Stirling numbers of second kind: a(n) = S(n+1, 1) + S(n+1, 2) + S(n+1, 3) for n >= 0; alternatively it is the number of partitions of [n+1] into 3 or fewer parts. - Mike Zabrocki, Jun 21 2004
For c=3, a(n) = (c^n)/c! + Sum_{k=1..c-2}((k^n)/k!*(Sum_{j=2..c-k}(((-1)^j)/j!))) or = Sum_{k=1..c} g(k, c)*k^n where g(1, 1) = 1, g(1, c) = g(1, c-1) + ((-1)^(c-1))/(c-1)! for c > 1, and g(k, c) = g(k-1, c-1)/k for c > 1 and 2 <= k <= c. - Nelma Moreira, Oct 10 2004
The i-th term of the sequence is the entry (1, 1) in the i-th power of the 2 X 2 matrix M = ((2, 1), (1, 2)). - Simone Severini, Oct 15 2005
If p[i]=fibonacci(2i-3) and if A is the Hessenberg matrix of order n defined by: A[i,j]=p[j-i+1], (i<=j), A[i,j]=-1, (i=j+1), and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n-1)= det A. - Milan Janjic, May 08 2010
INVERT transform of A001519: [1, 1, 2, 5, 13, 34, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 13 2011
a(n) = M^n*[1,1,1,0,0,0,...], leftmost column term; where M = an infinite bidiagonal matrix with all 1's in the superdiagonal and (1,2,3,...) in the main diagonal and the rest zeros. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 23 2011
a(n) = M^n*[1,1,1,0,0,0,...], top entry term; where M is an infinite bidiagonal matrix with all 1's in the superdiagonal, (1,2,3,...) as the main diagonal, and the rest zeros. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 24 2011
a(n) = A201730(n,0). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 05 2011
a(n) = A006342(n) + A006342(n-1). - Yuchun Ji, Sep 19 2018
From Dmitry Efimov, Oct 29 2021: (Start)
a(2*m+1) = Product_{k=-m..m} (2+i*tan(Pi*k/(2*m+1))),
a(2*m) = Product_{k=-m..m-1} (2+i*tan(Pi*(2*k+1)/(4*m))),
where i is the imaginary unit. (End)

A007583 a(n) = (2^(2*n + 1) + 1)/3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 11, 43, 171, 683, 2731, 10923, 43691, 174763, 699051, 2796203, 11184811, 44739243, 178956971, 715827883, 2863311531, 11453246123, 45812984491, 183251937963, 733007751851, 2932031007403, 11728124029611, 46912496118443, 187649984473771, 750599937895083

Offset: 0

Simon Plouffe

Let u(k), v(k), w(k) be the 3 sequences defined by u(1)=1, v(1)=0, w(1)=0 and u(k+1)=u(k)+v(k)-w(k), v(k+1)=u(k)-v(k)+w(k), w(k+1)=-u(k)+v(k)+w(k); let M(k)=Max(u(k),v(k),w(k)); then a(n)=M(2n)=M(2n-1). - Benoit Cloitre, Mar 25 2002
Also the number of words of length 2n generated by the two letters s and t that reduce to the identity 1 by using the relations ssssss=1, tt=1 and stst=1. The generators s and t along with the three relations generate the dihedral group D6=C2xD3. - Jamaine Paddyfoot (jay_paddyfoot(AT)hotmail.com) and John W. Layman, Jul 08 2002
Binomial transform of A025192. - Paul Barry, Apr 11 2003
Number of walks of length 2n+1 between two adjacent vertices in the cycle graph C_6. Example: a(1)=3 because in the cycle ABCDEF we have three walks of length 3 between A and B: ABAB, ABCB and AFAB. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 01 2004
Numbers of the form 1 + Sum_{i=1..m} 2^(2*i-1). - Artur Jasinski, Feb 09 2007
Prime numbers of the form 1+Sum[2^(2n-1)] are in A000979. Numbers x such that 1+Sum[2^(2n-1)] is prime for n=1,2,...,x is A127936. - Artur Jasinski, Feb 09 2007
Related to A024493(6n+1), A131708(6n+3), A024495(6n+5). - Paul Curtz, Mar 27 2008
Let A be the Hessenberg matrix of order n, defined by: A[1,j]=1, A[i,i]:=-6, (i>1), A[i,i-1]=-1, and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n-1)=(-1)^(n-1)*charpoly(A,2). - Milan Janjic, Feb 21 2010
Number of toothpicks in the toothpick structure of A139250 after 2^n stages. - Omar E. Pol, Feb 28 2011
Numbers whose binary representation is "10" repeated (n-1) times with "11" appended on the end, n >= 1. For example 171 = 10101011 (2). - Omar E. Pol, Nov 22 2012
a(n) is the smallest number for which A072219(a(n)) = 2*n+1. - Ramasamy Chandramouli, Dec 22 2012
An Engel expansion of 2 to the base b := 4/3 as defined in A181565, with the associated series expansion 2 = b + b^2/3 + b^3/(3*11) + b^4/(3*11*43) + .... Cf. A007051. - Peter Bala, Oct 29 2013
The positive integer solution (x,y) of 3*x - 2^n*y = 1, n>=0, with smallest x is (a(n/2), 2) if n is even and (a((n-1)/2), 1) if n is odd. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 15 2014
The smallest positive number that requires at least n additions and subtractions of powers of 2 to be formed. See Puzzling StackExchange link. - Alexander Cooke Jul 16 2023

H. W. Gould, Combinatorial Identities, Morgantown, 1972, (1.77), page 10.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..170
David Applegate, Omar E. Pol and N. J. A. Sloane, The Toothpick Sequence and Other Sequences from Cellular Automata, Congressus Numerantium, Vol. 206 (2010), 157-191. [There is a typo in Theorem 6: (13) should read u(n) = 4.3^(wt(n-1)-1) for n >= 2.]
Cecilia Bebeacua, Toufik Mansour, Alexander Postnikov, and Simone Severini, On the X-rays of permutations, arXiv:math/0506334 [math.CO], 2005.
Greg Bell, Austin Lawson, Neil Pritchard, and Dan Yasaki, On locally infinite Cayley graphs of the integers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.00809 [math.GT], 2017. See lambda_2.
Phillip G. Bradford, Efficient Exact Paths For Dyck and semi-Dyck Labeled Path Reachability, arXiv:1802.05239 [cs.DS], 2018.
John R. Britnell and Mark Wildon, Bell numbers, partition moves and the eigenvalues of the random-to-top shuffle in types A, B and D, arXiv:1507.04803 [math.CO], 2015.
Ernesto Estrada and José A. de la Pena, From Integer Sequences to Block Designs via Counting Walks in Graphs, arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.1176 [math.CO], 2013.
Ernesto Estrada and José A. de la Pena, Integer sequences from walks in graphs, Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 19, 2013, No. 3, 78-84.
Hannah Golab, Pattern avoidance in Cayley permutations, Master's Thesis, Northern Arizona Univ. (2024). See p. 35.
Sungpyo Hong and Jin Ho Kwak, Regular fourfold coverings with respect to the identity automorphism, J. Graph Theory, 17 (1993), 621-627.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 893
Dmitry Kamenetsky, A magic grasshopper, Puzzling StackExchange, 2023.
Wolfdieter Lang, On Collatz' Words, Sequences and Trees, arXiv preprint arXiv:1404.2710 [math.NT], 2014 and J. Int. Seq. 17 (2014) # 14.11.7.
Mircea Merca, A Note on Cosine Power Sums J. Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 (2012), Article 12.5.3.
Nathan Mihm, Optimal Addition-Subtraction Chains, Bachelor Honors Thesis, Univ. Minnesota-Twin Cities (2025). See p. 5.
Quynh Nguyen, Jean Pedersen, and Hien T. Vu, New Integer Sequences Arising From 3-Period Folding Numbers, Vol. 19 (2016), Article 16.3.1.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Repunit
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,-4).

Cf. also A006054, A006356, A005578, A075680.
Partial sums of A081294.
Cf. A002450, A004171, A007051, A083065, A083066, A083884.
Cf. A000978, A000979, A124400, A124401, A127936, A127955, A127956, A127957, A127958.
Cf. location of records in A007302.

List([0..25], n-> (2^(2*n+1) + 1)/3); # G. C. Greubel, Dec 25 2019

a007583 = (`div` 3) . (+ 1) . a004171
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 09 2013

[(2^(2*n+1) + 1)/3: n in [0..30] ]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 28 2011

a[0]:=1:for n from 1 to 50 do a[n]:=4*a[n-1]-1 od: seq(a[n], n=0..23); # Zerinvary Lajos, Feb 22 2008, with correction by K. Spage, Aug 20 2014
A007583 := proc(n)
    (2^(2*n+1)+1)/3 ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Feb 19 2015

(* From Michael De Vlieger, Aug 22 2016 *)
Table[(2^(2n+1) + 1)/3, {n, 0, 23}]
Table[1 + 2Sum[4^k, {k, 0, n-1}], {n, 0, 23}]
NestList[4# -1 &, 1, 23]
Table[Sum[Binomial[n+k, 2k]/2^(k-n), {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 23}]
CoefficientList[Series[(1-2x)/(1-5x+4x^2), {x, 0, 23}], x] (* End *)

a(n)=sum(k=-n\3,n\3,binomial(2*n+1,n+1+3*k))

a=1; for(n=1,23, print1(a,", "); a=bitor(a,3*a)) \\ K. Spage, Aug 20 2014

Vec((1-2*x)/(1-5*x+4*x^2) + O(x^30)) \\ Altug Alkan, Dec 08 2015

apply( {A007583(n)=2<<(2*n)\/3}, [0..25]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 30 2021

[(2^(2*n+1) + 1)/3 for n in (0..25)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 25 2019

a(n) = 2*A002450(n) + 1.
From Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 24 2001: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{m = 0..n} A060920(n, m) = A002450(n+1) - 2*A002450(n).
G.f.: (1-2*x)/(1-5*x+4*x^2). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n+k, 2*k)/2^(k - n).
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 1, n > 0.
From Paul Barry, Mar 17 2003: (Start)
a(n) = 1 + 2*Sum_{k = 0..n-1} 4^k;
a(n) = A001045(2n+1). (End)
a(n) = A020988(n-1) + 1 = A039301(n+1) - 1 = A083584(n-1) + 2. - Ralf Stephan, Jun 14 2003
a(0) = 1; a(n+1) = a(n) * 4 - 1. - Regis Decamps (decamps(AT)users.sf.net), Feb 04 2004 (correction to lead index by K. Spage, Aug 20 2014)
a(n) = Sum_{i + j + k = n; 0 <= i, j, k <= n} (n+k)!/i!/j!/(2*k)!. - Benoit Cloitre, Mar 25 2004
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 4*a(n-2). - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 01 2004
a(n) = 4^n - A001045(2*n). - Paul Barry, Apr 17 2004
a(n) = 2*(A001045(n))^2 + (A001045(n+1))^2. - Paul Barry, Jul 15 2004
a(n) = left and right terms in M^n * [1 1 1] where M = the 3X3 matrix [1 1 1 / 1 3 1 / 1 1 1]. M^n * [1 1 1] = [a(n) A002450(n+1) a(n)] E.g. a(3) = 43 since M^n * [1 1 1] = [43 85 43] = [a(3) A002450(4) a(3)]. - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 18 2004
a(n) = A072197(n) - A020988(n). - Creighton Dement, Dec 31 2004
a(n) = A139250(2^n). - Omar E. Pol, Feb 28 2011
a(n) = A193652(2*n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 08 2011
a(n) = Sum_{k = -floor(n/3)..floor(n/3)} binomial(2*n, n+3*k)/2. - Mircea Merca, Jan 28 2012
a(n) = 2^(2*(n+1)) - A072197(n). - Vladimir Pletser, Apr 12 2014
a(n) == 2*n + 1 (mod 3). Indeed, from Regis Decamps' formula (Feb 04 2004) we have a(i+1) - a(i) == -1 (mod 3), i= 0, 1, ..., n - 1. Summing, we have a(n) - 1 == -n (mod 3), and the formula follows. - Vladimir Shevelev, May 20 2015
For n > 0 a(n) = A133494(0) + 2 * (A133494(n) + Sum_{x = 1..n - 1}Sum_{k = 0..x - 1}(binomial(x - 1, k)*(A133494(k+1) + A133494(n-x+k)))). - J. Conrad, Dec 06 2015
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..2n} (-2)^k == 1 + Sum_{k = 1..n} 2^(2k-1). - Bob Selcoe, Aug 21 2016
E.g.f.: (1 + 2*exp(3*x))*exp(x)/3. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Aug 21 2016
A075680(a(n)) = 1, for n > 0. - Ralf Stephan, Jun 17 2025

A083066 5th row of number array A083064.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 29, 173, 1037, 6221, 37325, 223949, 1343693, 8062157, 48372941, 290237645, 1741425869, 10448555213, 62691331277, 376147987661, 2256887925965, 13541327555789, 81247965334733, 487487792008397, 2924926752050381

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Apr 21 2003

Let A be the Hessenberg matrix of order n, defined by: A[1,j]=1, A[i,i]:=8, (i>1), A[i,i-1]=-1, and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n-1)=(-1)^(n-1)*charpoly(A,2). - Milan Janjic, Feb 21 2010

An Engel expansion of 3/2 to the base b := 6/5 as defined in A181565, with the associated series expansion 3/2 = b + b^2/5 + b^3/(5*29) + b^4/(5*29*173) + .... Cf. A007051. - Peter Bala, Oct 29 2013

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Mudit Aggarwal and Samrith Ram, Generating Functions for Straight Polyomino Tilings of Narrow Rectangles, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 26 (2023), Article 23.1.4.
R. J. Mathar, Tilings of rectangular regions by rectangular tiles: Counts derived from transfer matrices, arXiv:1406.7788 [math.CO], 2014, eq (43).
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (7,-6).

Cf. A083064, A083065, A083067, A007051, A007583.

[(4*6^n+1)/5: n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 06 2011

f[n_]:=6^n; lst={}; Do[a=f[n]; Do[a-=f[m],{m,n-1,1,-1}]; AppendTo[lst,a/6],{n,1,30}]; lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 10 2010 *)

a(n) = (4*6^n+1)/5.
G.f.: (1-2*x)/((1-6*x)*(1-x)).
E.g.f.: (4*exp(6*x)+exp(x))/5.
a(n) = 6*a(n-1)-1 with n>0, a(0)=1. - Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 08 2010
a(n) = 7*a(n-1)-6*a(n-2). - Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 04 2011
a(n) = 6^n - Sum_{i=0..n-1} 6^i for n>0. - Bruno Berselli, Jun 20 2013

A083064 Square number array T(n,k) = (k*(k+2)^n+1)/(k+1) read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 5, 1, 1, 4, 11, 14, 1, 1, 5, 19, 43, 41, 1, 1, 6, 29, 94, 171, 122, 1, 1, 7, 41, 173, 469, 683, 365, 1, 1, 8, 55, 286, 1037, 2344, 2731, 1094, 1, 1, 9, 71, 439, 2001, 6221, 11719, 10923, 3281, 1, 1, 10, 89, 638, 3511, 14006, 37325, 58594, 43691, 9842, 1

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Apr 21 2003

			Rows begin:
1  1   1    1     1      1       1        1         1 ...
1  2   5   14    41    122     365     1094      3281 ...  A007051
1  3  11   43   171    683    2731    10923     43691 ...  A007583
1  4  19   94   469   2344   11719    58594    292969 ...  A083065
1  5  29  173  1037   6221   37325   223949   1343693 ...  A083066
1  6  41  286  2001  14006   98041   686286   4804001 ...  A083067
1  7  55  439  3511  28087  224695  1797559  14380471 ...  A083068
1  8  71  638  5741  51668  465011  4185098  37665881 ...  A187709
1  9  89  889  8889  88889  888889  8888889  88888889 ...  A059482
1 10 109 1198 13177 144946 1594405 17538454 192922993 ...  A199760, etc.
Column 2: A000027;
column 3: A028387;
column 4: A083074;
column 5: A125082;
column 6: A125083.
Diagonals:
1,  2,  11,   94,  1037,  14006, ... A083069;
1,  3,  19,  173,  2001,  28087, ... A083071;
1,  4,  29,  286,  3511,  51668, ... A083072;
1,  5,  41,  439,  5741,  88889, ... A083073;
1,  5,  43,  469,  6221,  98041, ... A083070;
1, 14, 171, 2344, 37325, 686286, ... A191690.
Triangle begins:
1;
1, 1;
1, 2, 1;
1, 3, 5, 1;
1, 4, 11, 14, 1;
1, 5, 19, 43, 41, 1;
1, 6, 29, 94, 171, 122, 1; etc.

Cf. rows: A007051, A007583, A059482, A083065 - A083068, A187709, A199760; columns: A000027, A028387, A083074, A125082, A125083; diagonals: A083069 - A083073, A191690.

Edited by Bruno Berselli, Jun 21 2013

A153777 Sequence S such that 1 is in S and if x is in S, then 5x-1 and 5x+1 are in S.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 6, 19, 21, 29, 31, 94, 96, 104, 106, 144, 146, 154, 156, 469, 471, 479, 481, 519, 521, 529, 531, 719, 721, 729, 731, 769, 771, 779, 781, 2344, 2346, 2354, 2356, 2394, 2396, 2404, 2406, 2594, 2596, 2604, 2606, 2644, 2646, 2654, 2656, 3594, 3596, 3604

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Jan 02 2009

nonn

Subsequences include A003463, A083065.
1st generation: 1
2nd generation: 4, 6
3rd generation: 19, 21, 29, 31
4th generation: 94, 96, 104, 106, 144, 146, 154, 156
Does every generation contain p or 2p for some prime p?

Harvey P. Dale, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Gevorg Hmayakyan, Trig identity for a(n)

Cf. A003463, A030300, A083065, A153773, A153776.

Column k=5 of A360099.

nxt[n_]:=Flatten[5#+{1,-1}&/@n]; Union[Flatten[NestList[nxt,{1},5]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 25 2012 *)

Product_{j=0..n-1} cos(5^j) = 2^(-n+1)*Sum_{i=2^(n-1)..2^n-1} cos(a(i)). - Gevorg Hmayakyan, Jan 15 2017
Sum_{i=2^(n-1)..2^n-1} cos(a(i)/5^(n-1)*Pi/2) = 0. - Gevorg Hmayakyan, Jan 15 2017
a(n) mod 2 = A030300(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Jan 29 2023

A153776 Sequence S such that 1 is in S and if x is in S, then 5x-3 and 5x-1 are in S.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 17, 19, 32, 34, 42, 44, 82, 84, 92, 94, 157, 159, 167, 169, 207, 209, 217, 219, 407, 409, 417, 419, 457, 459, 467, 469, 782, 784, 792, 794, 832, 834, 842, 844, 1032, 1034, 1042, 1044, 1082, 1084, 1092, 1094, 2032, 2034, 2042, 2044, 2082, 2084

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Jan 02 2009

nonn

Subsequences include A047850, A083065.
First generation: 1
2nd generation: 2, 4
3rd generation: 7, 9, 17, 19
4th generation: 32, 34, 42, 44, 82, 84, 92, 94
Does every generation contain p or 2p for some prime p?

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000

Cf. A047850, A083065, A153773, A153775.

nxt[n_] := Flatten[5 # + {-3, -1} & /@ n]; Union[Flatten[NestList[nxt, {1}, 5]]] (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 28 2016 *)

A199213 a(n) = (3*5^n+1)/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 8, 38, 188, 938, 4688, 23438, 117188, 585938, 2929688, 14648438, 73242188, 366210938, 1831054688, 9155273438, 45776367188, 228881835938, 1144409179688, 5722045898438, 28610229492188, 143051147460938, 715255737304688

Offset: 0

Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 04 2011

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (6,-5).

Cf. A083065.

Magma
```
[(3*5^n+1)/2: n in [0..30]];
```

a(n) = 2*A083065(n).
a(n) = 5*a(n-1)-2.
a(n) = 6*a(n-1)-5*a(n-2).
G.f.: 2*(1-2*x)/((1-x)*(1-5*x)). - Bruno Berselli, Nov 04 2011

A208532 Mirror image of triangle in A125185; unsigned version of A120058.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 9, 10, 4, 5, 16, 28, 24, 8, 6, 25, 60, 80, 56, 16, 7, 36, 110, 200, 216, 128, 32, 8, 49, 182, 420, 616, 560, 288, 64, 9, 64, 280, 784, 1456, 1792, 1408, 640, 128, 10, 81, 408, 1344, 3024, 4704, 4992, 3456, 1408, 256

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Feb 27 2012

Subtriangle of the triangle given by (1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.
Equals A007318*A134309*A097806 as infinite lower triangular matrix.
Row sums are powers of 3 (A000244).
Diagonal sums are powers of 2 (A000079).

			Triangle begins :
1
2, 1
3, 4, 2
4, 9, 10, 4
5, 16, 28, 24, 8
6, 25, 60, 80, 56, 16
7, 36, 110, 200, 216, 128, 32
8, 49, 182, 420, 616, 560, 288, 64
9, 64, 280, 784, 1456, 1792, 1408, 640, 128
10, 81, 408, 1344, 3024, 4704, 4992, 3456, 1408, 256
Triangle (1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...) begins :
1
1, 0
2, 1, 0
3, 4, 2, 0
4, 9, 10, 4, 0
5, 16, 28, 24, 8, 0
6, 25, 60, 80, 56, 16, 0

Cf. Columns: A000027, A000290, A006331, A112742.

Cf. Diagonals: A011782, 2*A045623,

T(n,k) = 2*T(n-1,k) + 2*T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k) - 2*T(n-1,k-1), T(0,0) = T(1,1) = 1, T(n,k) = 0 if k<0 or if k>n.
G.f.: (1-y*x)/((1-x)*(1-(1+2*y)*x)).
Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n} T(n,k)*x^k = A083085(n), A084567(n), A000012(n), A000027(n+1), A000244(n), A083065(n), A083076(n) for x = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 respectively.

A199214 a(n) = 3*5^n+1.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 16, 76, 376, 1876, 9376, 46876, 234376, 1171876, 5859376, 29296876, 146484376, 732421876, 3662109376, 18310546876, 91552734376, 457763671876, 2288818359376, 11444091796876, 57220458984376, 286102294921876, 1430511474609376

Offset: 0

Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 04 2011

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (6,-5).

Cf. A083065.

Magma
```
[3*5^n+1: n in [0..30]];
```

LinearRecurrence[{6,-5},{4,16},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 08 2013 *)

a(n) = 4*A083065(n).
a(n) = 5*a(n-1)-4.
a(n) = 6*a(n-1)-5*a(n-2).
G.f.: 4*(1-2*x)/((1-x)*(1-5*x)). - Bruno Berselli, Nov 04 2011

A366858 Array read by ascending antidiagonals: A(n, k) = n! * [x^n] exp((k-1)x)(kcosh(sqrt(k)x) + sqrt(k)sinh(sqrt(k)x))/k, with 1 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 5, 3, 1, 12, 11, 4, 1, 29, 41, 19, 5, 1, 70, 153, 94, 29, 6, 1, 169, 571, 469, 177, 41, 7, 1, 408, 2131, 2344, 1097, 296, 55, 8, 1, 985, 7953, 11719, 6829, 2181, 457, 71, 9, 1, 2378, 29681, 58594, 42565, 16186, 3889, 666, 89, 10, 1, 5741, 110771, 292969, 265401, 120421, 33415, 6413, 929, 109, 11

Offset: 1

Stefano Spezia, Oct 25 2023

			The array begins:
  1,   2,    3,     4,     5,      6, ...
  1,   5,   11,    19,    29,     41, ...
  1,  12,   41,    94,   177,    296, ...
  1,  29,  153,   469,  1097,   2181, ...
  1,  70,  571,  2344,  6829,  16186, ...
  1, 169, 2131, 11719, 42565, 120421, ...
  ...

Cf. A000012 (k=1), A000129 (k=2), A001835 (k=3), A083065 (k=4), A163073 (k=5).
Cf. A000027 (n=1), A028387 (n=2).
Cf. A366859 (antidiagonal sums).

A[n_,k_]:=n! SeriesCoefficient[E^((k-1) x)(k Cosh[Sqrt[k]x]+Sqrt[k]Sinh[Sqrt[k]*x])/k,{x,0,n}]; Table[A[n-k+1,k],{n,11},{k,n}]//Flatten (* or *)
A[n_,k_]:=(Sqrt[k]((k+Sqrt[k]-1)^n+(k-Sqrt[k]-1)^n)+(k+Sqrt[k]-1)^n-(k-Sqrt[k]-1)^n)/(2Sqrt[k]); Simplify[Table[A[n-k+1,k],{n,11},{k,n}]]//Flatten

A(n, k) = (sqrt(k)*(b(k)^n + c(k)^n) + b(k)^n - c(k)^n)/(2*sqrt(k)), with b(k) = k + sqrt(k) - 1 and c(k) = k - sqrt(k) - 1.
A(n, 2) = A000129(n+1).
A(2, n) = A028387(n-1).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A007051 a(n) = (3^n + 1)/2.

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A007583 a(n) = (2^(2*n + 1) + 1)/3.

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A083066 5th row of number array A083064.

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A083064 Square number array T(n,k) = (k*(k+2)^n+1)/(k+1) read by antidiagonals.

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A153777 Sequence S such that 1 is in S and if x is in S, then 5x-1 and 5x+1 are in S.

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A153776 Sequence S such that 1 is in S and if x is in S, then 5x-3 and 5x-1 are in S.

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A199213 a(n) = (3*5^n+1)/2.

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A366858 Array read by ascending antidiagonals: A(n, k) = n! * [x^n] exp((k-1)x)(kcosh(sqrt(k)x) + sqrt(k)sinh(sqrt(k)x))/k, with 1 <= k <= n.