cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A007434 Jordan function J_2(n) (a generalization of phi(n)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 8, 12, 24, 24, 48, 48, 72, 72, 120, 96, 168, 144, 192, 192, 288, 216, 360, 288, 384, 360, 528, 384, 600, 504, 648, 576, 840, 576, 960, 768, 960, 864, 1152, 864, 1368, 1080, 1344, 1152, 1680, 1152, 1848, 1440, 1728, 1584, 2208, 1536
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Number of points in the bicyclic group Z/mZ X Z/mZ whose order is exactly m. - George J. Schaeffer (gschaeff(AT)andrew.cmu.edu), Mar 14 2006
Number of irreducible fractions among {(u+v*i)/n : 1 <= u, v <= n} with i = sqrt(-1), where a fraction (u+v*i)/n is called irreducible if and only if gcd(u, v, n) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 20 2005
The weight of the n-th polynomial for the analog of cyclotomic polynomials for elliptic divisibility sequences. That is, let the weight of b1 = 1, b2 = 3, b3 = 8, b4 = 12 and let e1 = b1, e2 = b2*b1, e3 = b3*b1, e4 = b2*b4*b1, e5 = (b2^4*b4 - b3^3)*b1 = b5*e1, and so on, be an elliptic divisibility sequence. Then weight of e2 = 4, e3 = 9, e4 = 16, e5 = 25, where weight of en is n^2 in general, while weight of bn is a(n). - Michael Somos, Aug 12 2008
J_2(n) divides J_{2k}(n). J_2(n) gives the number of 2-tuples (x1,x2), such that 1 <= x1, x2 <= n and gcd(x1, x2, n) = 1. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Mar 05 2011
From Jianing Song, Apr 06 2019: (Start)
Let k be any quadratic field such that all prime factors of n are inert in k, O_k be the corresponding ring of integers and G(n) = (O_k/nO_k)* be the multiplicative group of integers in O_k modulo n, then a(n) is the number of elements in G(n). The exponent of G(n) is A306933(n). [Equivalently, G(p^e) can be defined as (Z_{p^2}/p^eZ_{p^2})*, where Z_{p^2} is the ring of integers of the field Q_{p^2} (with a unique maximal ideal pZ_{p^2}), and Q_{p^2} is the unique unramified quadratic extension of the p-adic field Q_p. For the group structure of G(p^e), see A306933. - Jianing Song, Jun 19 2025]
For n >= 5, a(n) is divisible by 24. (End)
The Del Centina article on page 106 mentions a formula by Halphen denoted by phi(n)T(n). - Michael Somos, Feb 05 2021

Examples

			a(4) = 12 because the divisors of 4 being 1, 2, 4, we find that phi(1)*phi(4/1)*(4/1) = 8, phi(2)*phi(4/2)*(4/2) = 2, phi(4)*phi(4/4)*(4/4) = 2 and 8 + 2 + 2 = 12.
G.f. = x + 3*x^2 + 8*x^3 + 12*x^4 + 24*x^5 + 24*x^6 + 48*x^7 + 48*x^8 + 72*x^9 + ...
		

References

  • L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 199, #3.
  • A. Del Centina, Poncelet's porism: a long story of renewed discoveries, I, Hist. Exact Sci. (2016), v. 70, p. 106.
  • L. E. Dickson (1919, repr. 1971). History of the Theory of Numbers I. Chelsea. p. 147.
  • P. J. McCarthy, Introduction to Arithmetical Functions, Universitext, Springer, New York, NY, USA, 1986.
  • G. Pólya and G. Szegő, Problems and Theorems in Analysis I (Springer 1924, reprinted 1972), Part Eight, Chap. 1, Section 6, Problem 64.
  • M. Ram Murty (2001). Problems in Analytic Number Theory. Graduate Texts in Mathematics. 206. Springer-Verlag. p. 11.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A059379 and A059380 (triangle of values of J_k(n)).
Cf. A000010 (J_1), this sequence (J_2), A059376 (J_3), A059377 (J_4), A059378 (J_5).
Cf. A002117, A088453, A301875, A301876, A321879 (partial sums).

Programs

  • Haskell
    a007434 n = sum $ zipWith3 (\x y z -> x * y * z)
                      tdivs (reverse tdivs) (reverse divs)
                      where divs = a027750_row n;  tdivs = map a000010 divs
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 24 2012
    
  • Maple
    J := proc(n,k) local i,p,t1,t2; t1 := n^k; for p from 1 to n do if isprime(p) and n mod p = 0 then t1 := t1*(1-p^(-k)); fi; od; t1; end; # (with k = 2)
    A007434 := proc(n)
        add(d^2*numtheory[mobius](n/d),d=numtheory[divisors](n)) ;
    end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Nov 03 2015
  • Mathematica
    jordanTotient[n_, k_:1] := DivisorSum[n, #^k*MoebiusMu[n/#] &] /; (n > 0) && IntegerQ[n]; Table[jordanTotient[n, 2], {n, 48}] (* Enrique Pérez Herrero, Sep 14 2010 *)
    a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, Sum[ d^2 MoebiusMu[ n/d], {d, Divisors @ n}]]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 11 2014 *)
    a[ n_] := If[ n < 2, Boole[ n == 1], n^2 (Times @@ ((1 - 1/#[[1]]^2) & /@ FactorInteger @ n))]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 11 2014 *)
    jordanTotient[n_Integer?Positive, r_:1] := DirichletConvolve[MoebiusMu[K], K^r, K, n]; Table[jordanTotient[n, 2], {n, 48}] (* Jan Mangaldan, Jun 03 2016 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, sumdiv(n, d, d^2 * moebius(n / d)))}; /* Michael Somos, Mar 20 2004 */
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<1, 0, direuler( p=2, n, (1 - X) / (1 - X*p^2))[n])}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 11 2014 */
    
  • PARI
    seq(n) = dirmul(vector(n,k,k^2), vector(n,k,moebius(k)));
    seq(48)  \\ Gheorghe Coserea, May 11 2016
    
  • PARI
    jordan(n,k)=my(a=n^k);fordiv(n,i,if(isprime(i),a*=(1-1/(i^k))));a  \\ Roderick MacPhee, May 05 2017
    
  • Python
    from math import prod
    from sympy import factorint
    def A007434(n): return prod(p**(e-1<<1)*(p**2-1) for p, e in factorint(n).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, Jan 29 2024

Formula

Moebius transform of squares.
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^(2e) - p^(2e-2). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jul 26 2001
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} d^2 * mu(n/d). - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 05 2002
a(n) = n^2 * Product_{p|n} (1-1/p^2). - Tom Edgar, Jan 07 2015
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} phi(d)*phi(n/d)*n/d; Sum_{d|n} a(d) = n^2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 20 2005
Dirichlet generating function: zeta(s-2)/zeta(s). - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Sep 11 2005
Dirichlet inverse of A046970. - Michael Somos, Jan 11 2014
a(n) = a(n^2)/n^2. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Sep 14 2010
a(n) = A000010(n) * A001615(n).
If n > 1, then 1 > a(n)/n^2 > 1/zeta(2). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jul 14 2011
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} phi(n^2/d)*mu(d)^2. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jul 24 2012
a(n) = Sum_{k = 1..n} gcd(k, n)^2 * cos(2*Pi*k/n). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Jan 18 2013
a(1) + a(2) + ... + a(n) ~ 1/(3*zeta(3))*n^3 + O(n^2). Lambert series Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/(1 - x^n) = x*(1 + x)/(1 - x)^3. - Peter Bala, Dec 23 2013
n * a(n) = A000056(n). - Michael Somos, Mar 20 2004
a(n) = 24 * A115000(n) unless n < 5. - Michael Somos, Aug 12 2008
a(n) = A001065(n) - A134675(n). - Conjectured by John Mason and proved by Max Alekseyev, Jan 07 2015
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} gcd(n, k) * phi(gcd(n, k)), where phi(k) is the Euler totient function. - Daniel Suteu, Jun 15 2018
G.f.: Sum_{k>=1} mu(k)*x^k*(1 + x^k)/(1 - x^k)^3. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Oct 24 2018
Sum_{k>=1} 1/a(k) = Product_{primes p} (1 + p^2/(p^2 - 1)^2) = 1.81078147612156295224312590448625180897250361794500723589001447178002894356... - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 19 2020
Limit_{n->oo} (1/n) * Sum_{k=1..n} a(k)/k^2 = 1/zeta(3) (A088453). - Amiram Eldar, Oct 12 2020
From Richard L. Ollerton, May 09 2021: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (n/gcd(n,k))^2*mu(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)).
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} gcd(n,k)^2*mu(n/gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)).
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} n*phi(gcd(n,k))/gcd(n,k).
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} phi(n*gcd(n,k))*mu(n/gcd(n,k))^2.
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} phi(n^2/gcd(n,k))*mu(gcd(n,k))^2*phi(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k = 1..n} phi(gcd(n, k)^2) = Sum_{d divides n} phi(d^2)*phi(n/d). - Peter Bala, Jan 17 2024
a(n) = Sum_{1 <= i, j <= n, lcm(i, j) = n} phi(i)*phi(j). See Tóth, p. 14. - Peter Bala, Jan 29 2024
Conjecture: a(n) = lim_{k->oo} (n^(2*(k + 1)))/A001157(n^k). - Velin Yanev, Dec 04 2024

Extensions

Thanks to Michael Somos for catching an error in this sequence.

A005596 Decimal expansion of Artin's constant Product_{p=prime} (1-1/(p^2-p)).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 7, 3, 9, 5, 5, 8, 1, 3, 6, 1, 9, 2, 0, 2, 2, 8, 8, 0, 5, 4, 7, 2, 8, 0, 5, 4, 3, 4, 6, 4, 1, 6, 4, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 6, 2, 9, 2, 4, 8, 6, 0, 6, 1, 5, 0, 0, 4, 2, 0, 9, 4, 7, 4, 2, 8, 0, 2, 4, 1, 7, 3, 5, 0, 1, 8, 2, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2, 8, 0, 8, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 0, 4, 3, 1, 7, 0, 8, 7, 2, 5, 0, 5, 6, 8, 9, 8, 1, 6, 0, 3
Offset: 0

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Comments

On Simon Plouffe's web page (and in the book freely available at Gutenberg project) the value is given with an error of +1e-31, as "...651641..." instead of "...641641...". In the reference [Wrench, 1961] cited there, these digits are correct. They are also correct on the Plouffe's Inverter page, as computed by Oliveira e Silva, who comments it took 1 hour at 200 MHz with Mathematica. Using Amiram Eldar's PARI program, the same 500 digits are computed instantly (less than 0.1 sec). - M. F. Hasler, Apr 20 2021
Named after the Austrian mathematician Emil Artin (1898-1962). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 20 2021

Examples

			0.37395581361920228805472805434641641511162924860615...
		

References

  • Henri Cohen, Number Theory, Volume II: Analytic and Modern Tools, GTM Vol. 240, Springer, 2007; see pp. 208-209.
  • John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See p. 169.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    a = Exp[-NSum[ (LucasL[n] - 1)/n PrimeZetaP[n], {n, 2, Infinity}, PrecisionGoal -> 500, WorkingPrecision -> 500, NSumTerms -> 100000]]; RealDigits[a, 10, 111][[1]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 03 2014 taken from Mathematica's Help file on PrimeZetaP *)
  • PARI
    prodinf(n=2,1/zeta(n)^(sumdiv(n, d, moebius(n/d)*(fibonacci(d-1)+fibonacci(d+1)))/n)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 27 2014
    
  • PARI
    prodeulerrat(1-1/(p^2-p)) \\ Amiram Eldar, Mar 12 2021

Formula

Equals Product_{j>=2} 1/Zeta(j)^A006206(j), where Zeta = A013661, A002117 etc. is Riemann's zeta function. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 14 2009
Equals Sum_{k>=1} mu(k)/(k*phi(k)), where mu is the Moebius function (A008683) and phi is the Euler totient function (A000010). - Amiram Eldar, Mar 11 2020
Equals 1/A065488. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 17 2021

Extensions

More terms from Tomás Oliveira e Silva (http://www.ieeta.pt/~tos)

A026007 Expansion of Product_{m>=1} (1 + q^m)^m; number of partitions of n into distinct parts, where n different parts of size n are available.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 5, 8, 16, 28, 49, 83, 142, 235, 385, 627, 1004, 1599, 2521, 3940, 6111, 9421, 14409, 21916, 33134, 49808, 74484, 110837, 164132, 241960, 355169, 519158, 755894, 1096411, 1584519, 2281926, 3275276, 4685731, 6682699, 9501979, 13471239, 19044780, 26850921, 37756561, 52955699
Offset: 0

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Comments

In general, for t > 0, if g.f. = Product_{m>=1} (1 + t*q^m)^m then a(n) ~ c^(1/6) * exp(3^(2/3) * c^(1/3) * n^(2/3) / 2) / (3^(2/3) * (t+1)^(1/12) * sqrt(2*Pi) * n^(2/3)), where c = Pi^2*log(t) + log(t)^3 - 6*polylog(3, -1/t). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 04 2016

Examples

			For n = 4, we have 8 partitions
  01: [4]
  02: [4']
  03: [4'']
  04: [4''']
  05: [3, 1]
  06: [3', 1]
  07: [3'', 1]
  08: [2, 2']
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    with(numtheory):
    b:= proc(n) option remember;
          add((-1)^(n/d+1)*d^2, d=divisors(n))
        end:
    a:= proc(n) option remember;
          `if`(n=0, 1, add(b(k)*a(n-k), k=1..n)/n)
        end:
    seq(a(n), n=0..45);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 03 2013
  • Mathematica
    a[n_] := a[n] = 1/n*Sum[Sum[(-1)^(k/d+1)*d^2, {d, Divisors[k]}]*a[n-k], {k, 1, n}]; a[0] = 1; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 41}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 17 2014, after Vladeta Jovovic *)
    nmax=50; CoefficientList[Series[Exp[Sum[(-1)^(k+1)*x^k/(k*(1-x^k)^2),{k,1,nmax}]],{x,0,nmax}],x] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 28 2015 *)
  • PARI
    N=66; q='q+O('q^N);
    gf= prod(n=1,N, (1+q^n)^n );
    Vec(gf)
    /* Joerg Arndt, Oct 06 2012 */

Formula

a(n) = (1/n)*Sum_{k=1..n} A078306(k)*a(n-k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Nov 22 2002
G.f.: Product_{m>=1} (1+x^m)^m. Weighout transform of natural numbers (A000027). Euler transform of A026741. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Mar 16 2006
a(n) ~ zeta(3)^(1/6) * exp((3/2)^(4/3) * zeta(3)^(1/3) * n^(2/3)) / (2^(3/4) * 3^(1/3) * sqrt(Pi) * n^(2/3)), where zeta(3) = A002117. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 05 2015

A085541 Decimal expansion of the prime zeta function at 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, 4, 7, 6, 2, 6, 3, 9, 2, 9, 9, 4, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 4, 2, 3, 1, 1, 3, 3, 1, 4, 6, 6, 5, 7, 0, 6, 7, 0, 0, 9, 7, 5, 4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 9, 2, 6, 1, 4, 9, 2, 8, 9, 8, 8, 8, 6, 7, 2, 0, 1, 6, 7, 0, 1, 6, 3, 1, 5, 8, 9, 5, 2, 8, 1, 2, 9, 5, 8, 7, 6, 3, 5, 6, 3, 4, 2, 0, 0, 5, 3, 6, 9, 7, 2, 5, 6, 0, 5, 4, 6, 7, 9, 1
Offset: 0

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Author

Cino Hilliard, Jul 02 2003

Keywords

Comments

Mathar's Table 1 (cited below) lists expansions of the prime zeta function at integers s in 10..39. - Jason Kimberley, Jan 05 2017

Examples

			0.1747626392994435364231...
		

References

  • Henri Cohen, Number Theory, Volume II: Analytic and Modern Tools, GTM Vol. 240, Springer, 2007; see pp. 208-209.
  • J. W. L. Glaisher, On the Sums of Inverse Powers of the Prime Numbers, Quart. J. Math. 25, 347-362, 1891.

Crossrefs

Decimal expansion of the prime zeta function: A085548 (at 2), this sequence (at 3), A085964 (at 4) to A085969 (at 9).

Programs

  • Magma
    R := RealField(106);
    PrimeZeta := func;
    Reverse(IntegerToSequence(Floor(PrimeZeta(3,117)*10^105)));
    // Jason Kimberley, Dec 30 2016
  • Mathematica
    (* If Mathematica version >= 7.0 then RealDigits[PrimeZetaP[3]//N[#,105]&][[1]] else : *) m = 200; $MaxExtraPrecision = 200; PrimeZetaP[s_] := NSum[MoebiusMu[k]*Log[Zeta[k*s]]/k, {k, 1, m}, AccuracyGoal -> m, NSumTerms -> m, PrecisionGoal -> m, WorkingPrecision -> m]; RealDigits[PrimeZetaP[3]][[1]][[1 ;; 105]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 24 2011 *)
  • PARI
    recip3(n) = { v=0; p=1; forprime(y=2,n, v=v+1./y^3; ); print(v) }
    
  • PARI
    sumeulerrat(1/p,3) \\ Hugo Pfoertner, Feb 03 2020
    

Formula

P(3) = Sum_{p prime} 1/p^3 = Sum_{n>=1} mobius(n)*log(zeta(3*n))/n. - Antonio G. Astudillo (afg_astudillo(AT)lycos.com), Jul 06 2003
Equals A086033 + A085992 + 1/8. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 22 2010
Equals Sum_{k>=1} 1/A030078(k). - Amiram Eldar, Jul 27 2020

Extensions

More terms from Antonio G. Astudillo (afg_astudillo(AT)lycos.com), Jul 06 2003

A002391 Decimal expansion of natural logarithm of 3.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 9, 8, 6, 1, 2, 2, 8, 8, 6, 6, 8, 1, 0, 9, 6, 9, 1, 3, 9, 5, 2, 4, 5, 2, 3, 6, 9, 2, 2, 5, 2, 5, 7, 0, 4, 6, 4, 7, 4, 9, 0, 5, 5, 7, 8, 2, 2, 7, 4, 9, 4, 5, 1, 7, 3, 4, 6, 9, 4, 3, 3, 3, 6, 3, 7, 4, 9, 4, 2, 9, 3, 2, 1, 8, 6, 0, 8, 9, 6, 6, 8, 7, 3, 6, 1, 5, 7, 5, 4, 8, 1, 3, 7, 3, 2, 0, 8, 8, 7, 8, 7, 9, 7
Offset: 1

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Examples

			1.098612288668109691395245236922525704647490557822749451734694333637494...
		

References

  • Calvin C. Clawson, Mathematical Mysteries: The Beauty and Magic of Numbers, Springer, 2013. See p. 221.
  • W. E. Mansell, Tables of Natural and Common Logarithms. Royal Society Mathematical Tables, Vol. 8, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1964, p. 2.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A058962, A154920, A002162, A016731 (continued fraction), A073000, A105531, A254619.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    RealDigits[Log[3],10,120][[1]]  (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 23 2011 *)
  • PARI
    log(3) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 24 2012
    
  • Python
    # Use some guard digits when computing.
    # BBP formula P(1, 4, 2, (1, 0)).
    from decimal import Decimal as dec, getcontext
    def BBPlog3(n: int) -> dec:
        getcontext().prec = n
        s = dec(0); f = dec(1); g = dec(4)
        for k in range(2 * n):
            s += f / dec(2 * k + 1)
            f /= g
        return s
    print(BBPlog3(200))  # Peter Luschny, Nov 03 2023

Formula

log(3) = Sum_{n>=1} (9*n-4)/((3*n-2)*(3*n-1)*3*n). [Jolley, Summation of Series, Dover (1961) eq 74]
log(3) = (1/4)*(1 + Sum_{m>=0} (1/9)^(k+1)*(27/(2*k+1) + 4/(2*k+2) + 1/(2*k+3))) (a BBP-type formula). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Dec 01 2008
log(3) = 4/5 + (1/5)*Sum_{n>=0} (1/4)^n*(1/(2*n+1) + 1/(2*n+3)). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Dec 18 2008
log(3) = Sum_{k>=0} (1/9)^(k+1)*(9/(2k+1) + 1/(2k+2)). - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Dec 22 2008
Sum_{i>=1} 1/(9^i*i) + Sum_{i>=0} 1/(9^i*(i+1/2)) = 2*log(3) (Huvent 2001). - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Oct 12 2009
Conjecture: log(3) = Sum_{k>=1} A191907(3,k)/k. - Mats Granvik, Jun 19 2011
log(3) = lim_{n->oo} Sum_{k=3^n..3^(n+1)-1} 1/k. Also see A002162. By analogy to the integral of 1/x, log(m) = lim_{n->oo} Sum_{k=m^n..m^(n+1)-1} 1/k, for any value of m > 1. - Richard R. Forberg, Aug 16 2014
From Peter Bala, Feb 04 2015: (Start)
log(3) = Sum {k >= 0} 1/((2*k + 1)*4^k).
Define a pair of integer sequences A(n) = 4^n*(2*n + 1)!/n! and B(n) = A(n)*Sum_{k = 0..n} 1/((2*k + 1)*4^k). Both sequences satisfy the same second-order recurrence equation u(n) = (20*n + 6)*u(n-1) - 16*(2*n - 1)^2*u(n-2). From this observation we obtain the continued fraction expansion log(3) = 1 + 2/(24 - 16*3^2/(46 - 16*5^2/(66 - ... - 16*(2*n - 1)^2/((20*n + 6) - ... )))). Cf. A002162, A073000 and A105531 for similar expansions.
log(3) = 2 * Sum_{k >= 1} (-1)^(k+1)*(4/3)^k/(k*binomial(2*k,k)).
log(3) = (1/4) * Sum_{k >= 1} (-1)^(k+1) (55*k - 23)*(8/9)^k/( 2*k*(2*k - 1)*binomial(3*k,k) ).
log(3) = (1/4) * Sum_{k >= 1} (7*k + 1)*(8/3)^k/( 2*k*(2*k - 1)*binomial(3*k,k) ). (End)
log(3) = -lim_{n->oo} (n+1)th derivative of zeta(n) / n-th derivative of zeta(n). By n = 1000 there is convergence to 25 digits. A related expression: lim_{n->oo} n-th derivative of zeta(n-1) / n-th derivative of zeta(n) = 3. Also see A002581. - Richard R. Forberg, Feb 24 2015
From Peter Bala, Nov 02 2019: (Start)
log(3) = 2*Integral_{x = 0..1} (1 - x^2)/(1 + x^2 + x^4) dx = 2*( 1 - (2/3) + 1/5 + 1/7 - (2/9) + 1/11 + 1/13 - (2/15) + ... ).
log(3) = 16*Sum_{n >= 0} 1/( (6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*(6*n + 5) ).
log(3) = 4/5 + 64*Sum_{n >= 0} (18*n + 1)/((6*n - 5)*(6*n - 3)*(6*n - 1)*(6*n + 1)*(6*n + 7)). (End)
From Amiram Eldar, Jul 05 2020: (Start)
Equals 2*arctanh(1/2).
Equals Sum_{k>=1} (2/3)^k/k.
Equals Integral_{x=0..Pi} sin(x)dx/(2 + cos(x)). (End)
log(3) = Integral_{x = 0..1} (x^2 - 1)/log(x) dx. - Peter Bala, Nov 14 2020
From Peter Bala, Oct 28 2023: (Start)
The series representation log(3) = 16*Sum_{n >= 0} 1/((6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*(6*n + 5)) given above appears to be the case k = 0 of the following infinite family of series representations for log(3):
log(3) = c(k) + (-1)^k*d(k)*Sum_{n >= 0} 1/((6*n + 1)*(6*n + 3)*...*(6*n + 12*k + 5)), where c(k) is a rational approximation to log(3) and d(k) = 2^(6*k+3)/27^k * (6*k + 2)!.
The first few values of c(k) for k >= 0 are [0, 2996/2673, 89195548/81236115, 23239436137364/21153065697225, 3345533089100222564/3045237239236561677, ...]. Cf A304656. (End)
log(3) = 1 + 2*Sum_{k>=1} 1/((3*k)^3 - 3*k) [Ramanujan]. - Stefano Spezia, Jul 01 2024

Extensions

Editing and more terms from Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 20 2010

A013665 Decimal expansion of zeta(7).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 2, 7, 7, 3, 8, 1, 9, 2, 2, 8, 2, 6, 8, 3, 9, 7, 9, 7, 5, 4, 9, 8, 4, 9, 7, 9, 6, 7, 5, 9, 5, 9, 9, 8, 6, 3, 5, 6, 0, 5, 6, 5, 2, 3, 8, 7, 0, 6, 4, 1, 7, 2, 8, 3, 1, 3, 6, 5, 7, 1, 6, 0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 3, 1, 7, 3, 5, 5, 7, 3, 5, 3, 4, 6, 0, 9, 6, 9, 6, 8, 9, 1, 3, 8, 5, 1, 3, 2
Offset: 1

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Comments

From Dimitris Valianatos, Apr 29 2020: (Start)
Let p_n = Product_{k >= 1, 4*k-1 is prime} (((4*k - 1)^n + 1) / ((4*k - 1)^n - 1)).
Then (2^(n + 1) / (2^n - 1)) * Sum_{k >= 1} 1 / (4*k - 3)^n = ((p_n + 1) / p_n) * Sum_{k >= 1} 1 / k^n = ((p_n + 1) / p_n) * zeta(n), n >= 3 odd number.
For n = 7, p_7 = 1.00091744947834007403796003463414...
The product (256 / 127) * Sum_{k >= 1} 1 / (4*k - 3)^7 = 2.01577429320860871987548541116538... is equal to the product ((p_7 + 1) / p_7) * Sum_{k >= 1} 1 / k^7 = 1.9990833914636834116748... * zeta(7) = 2.01577429320860871987548541116538... (End)

Examples

			1.0083492773819228268397975498497967595998635605652387064172831365716014...
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 811.
  • John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See p. 262.
  • Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 1.6.3, p. 43.

Crossrefs

Programs

Formula

zeta(7) = Sum_{n >= 1} (A010052(n)/n^(7/2)) = Sum_{n >= 1} ( (floor(sqrt(n))-floor(sqrt(n-1)))/n^(7/2) ). - Mikael Aaltonen, Feb 22 2015
zeta(7) = Product_{k>=1} 1/(1 - 1/prime(k)^7). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Apr 30 2020
From Artur Jasinski, Jun 27 2020: (Start)
zeta(7) = (-1/840)*Integral_{x=0..1} log(1-x^6)^7/x^7.
zeta(7) = (1/720)*Integral_{x=0..oo} x^6/(exp(x)-1).
zeta(7) = (4/2835)*Integral_{x=0..oo} x^6/(exp(x)+1).
zeta(7) = (1/(182880*Zeta(1/2)^7))*(-61*Pi^7*zeta(1/2)^7 + 2880* zeta'(1/2)^7 - 10080*zeta(1/2)*zeta'(1/2)^5*zeta''(1/2) + 10080* zeta(1/2)^2*zeta'(1/2)^3*zeta''(1/2)^2 - 2520*zeta(1/2)^3*zeta'(1/2)* zeta''(1/2)^3 + 3360*zeta(1/2)^2*zeta'(1/2)^4*zeta'''(1/2) - 5040 zeta(1/2)^3*zeta'(1/2)^2*zeta''(1/2)*zeta'''(1/2) + 840*zeta(1/2)^4* zeta''(1/2)^2*zeta'''(1/2) + 560*zeta(1/2)^4*zeta'(1/2)*zeta'''(1/2)^3 - 840*zeta(1/2)^3*zeta'(1/2)^3*zeta''''(1/2) + 840*zeta(1/2)^4*zeta'(1/2)* zeta''(1/2)*zeta''''(1/2) - 140*zeta(1/2)^5*zeta'''(1/2)*zeta''''(1/2) + 168*zeta(1/2)^4*zeta'(1/2)^2*zeta'''''(1/2) - 84*zeta(1/2)^5*zeta''(1/2)* zeta'''''(1/2) - 28*zeta(1/2)^5*zeta'(1/2)*zeta''''''(1/2) + 4* zeta(1/2)^6*zeta'''''''(1/2)). (End)
Equals 19*Pi^7/56700 - 2*Sum_{k>=1} 1/(k^7*(exp(2*Pi*k) - 1)) [Grosswald] (see Finch). - Stefano Spezia, Nov 01 2024
From Peter Bala, Apr 27 2025: (Start)
zeta(7) = 1/7! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^7 * exp(x)/(exp(x) - 1)^2 dx = 2^6/(2^6 - 1) * 1/7! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^7 * exp(x)/(exp(x) + 1)^2 dx.
zeta(7) = 1/8! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^8 * exp(x)*(exp(x) + 1) /(exp(x) - 1)^3 dx = 1/ (2*3*7*15*63) * Integral_{x >= 0} x^8 * exp(x)*(exp(x) - 1)/(exp(x) + 1)^3 dx. (End)

A013667 Decimal expansion of zeta(9).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 8, 3, 9, 2, 8, 2, 6, 0, 8, 2, 2, 1, 4, 4, 1, 7, 8, 5, 2, 7, 6, 9, 2, 3, 2, 4, 1, 2, 0, 6, 0, 4, 8, 5, 6, 0, 5, 8, 5, 1, 3, 9, 4, 8, 8, 8, 7, 5, 6, 5, 4, 8, 5, 9, 6, 6, 1, 5, 9, 0, 9, 7, 8, 5, 0, 5, 3, 3, 9, 0, 2, 5, 8, 3, 9, 8, 9, 5, 0, 3, 9, 3, 0, 6, 9, 1, 2, 7, 1, 6, 9, 5, 8
Offset: 1

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Examples

			1.0020083928260822...
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 811.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    evalf(Zeta(9)) ; # R. J. Mathar, Oct 16 2015
  • Mathematica
    RealDigits[Zeta[9],10,100][[1]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 27 2014 *)

Formula

From Peter Bala, Dec 04 2013: (Start)
Definition: zeta(9) = Sum_{n >= 1} 1/n^9.
zeta(9) = 2^9/(2^9 - 1)*( Sum_{n even} n^7*p(n)*p(1/n)/(n^2 - 1)^10 ), where p(n) = n^4 + 10*n^2 + 5. See A013663, A013671 and A013675. (End)
zeta(9) = Sum_{n >= 1} (A010052(n)/n^(9/2)) = Sum_{n >= 1} ( (floor(sqrt(n))-floor(sqrt(n-1)))/n^(9/2) ). - Mikael Aaltonen, Feb 22 2015
zeta(9) = Product_{k>=1} 1/(1 - 1/prime(k)^9). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 02 2020
From Peter Bala, Apr 27 2025: (Start)
zeta(9) = 1/9! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^9 * exp(x)/(exp(x) - 1)^2 dx = 2^9/(2^9 - 1) * 1/9! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^9 * exp(x)/(exp(x) + 1)^2 dx.
zeta(9) = 1/10! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^10 * exp(x)*(exp(x) + 1)/(exp(x) - 1)^3 dx = 1/(3^5 * 5^3 * 7 * 17) * Integral_{x >= 0} x^10 * exp(x)*(exp(x) - 1)/(exp(x) + 1)^3 dx. (End)

A048146 Sum of non-unitary divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6, 3, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 14, 0, 9, 0, 12, 0, 0, 0, 24, 5, 0, 12, 16, 0, 0, 0, 30, 0, 0, 0, 41, 0, 0, 0, 36, 0, 0, 0, 24, 18, 0, 0, 56, 7, 15, 0, 28, 0, 36, 0, 48, 0, 0, 0, 48, 0, 0, 24, 62, 0, 0, 0, 36, 0, 0, 0, 105, 0, 0, 20, 40, 0, 0, 0, 84, 39, 0, 0, 64, 0, 0, 0, 72, 0, 54, 0
Offset: 1

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Examples

			If n = 1000, the 12 non-unitary divisors are {2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 100, 200, 250, 500} and their sum is a(n) = a(1000) = 1206. a(16) = a(2^4) = (2^4 - 2) / (2 - 1)= 14.
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    us[n_Integer] := (d = Divisors[n]; l = Length[d]; k = 1; s = n; While[k < l, If[ GCD[ d[[k]], n/d[[k]] ] == 1, s = s + d[[k]]]; k++ ]; s); Table[ DivisorSigma[1, n] - us[n], {n, 1, 100} ]
    (* Second program: *)
    Table[DivisorSum[n, # &, ! CoprimeQ[#, n/#] &], {n, 91}] (* Michael De Vlieger, Nov 20 2017 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=my(f=factor(n)); sigma(f)-prod(i=1, #f~, f[i, 1]^f[i, 2]+1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 17 2015
    
  • Python
    from sympy.ntheory.factor_ import divisor_sigma, udivisor_sigma
    def A048146(n): return divisor_sigma(n)-udivisor_sigma(n) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 22 2024

Formula

a(n) = A000203(n) - A034448(n) = sigma(n) - usigma(n). a(1) = 0, a(p) = 0, a(pq) = 0, a(pq...z) = 0, a(p^k) = (p^k - p) / (p - 1), for p = primes (A000040), pq = product of two distinct primes (A006881), pq...z = product of k (k >=2) distinct primes p, q, ..., z (A120944), p^k = prime powers (A000961(n) for n > 1) k = natural numbers (A000027).
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^2, where c = (Pi^2/12) * (1 - 1/zeta(3)) = 0.1382506... . - Amiram Eldar, Dec 09 2022

Extensions

Edited by Jaroslav Krizek, Mar 01 2009

A082695 Decimal expansion of zeta(2)*zeta(3)/zeta(6).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 9, 4, 3, 5, 9, 6, 4, 3, 6, 8, 2, 0, 7, 5, 9, 2, 0, 5, 0, 5, 7, 0, 7, 0, 3, 6, 2, 5, 7, 4, 7, 6, 3, 4, 3, 7, 1, 8, 7, 8, 5, 8, 5, 0, 1, 7, 6, 7, 8, 0, 5, 7, 1, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 3, 5, 6, 8, 8, 9, 0, 0, 5, 3, 4, 9, 5, 0, 6, 9, 3, 5, 5, 4, 0, 5, 3, 9, 4, 8, 1, 7, 9, 1, 0, 0, 8, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 6, 9, 0, 5
Offset: 1

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Author

Benoit Cloitre, Apr 12 2003

Keywords

Comments

Equals the Dirichlet zeta-function Sum_{n>=1} A001615(n)/n^s at s=3. - R. J. Mathar, Apr 02 2011
Dressler shows that this is the average value of A014197, that is, the number of values m such that phi(m) <= n is asymptotically n times this constant. Erdős had shown earlier that this limit exists. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 26 2013
From Stanislav Sykora, Nov 14 2014: (Start)
Equals lim_{n->infinity} (Sum_{k=1..n} k/phi(k))/n, i.e., the limit mean value of k/phi(k), where phi(k) is Euler's totient function.
Also equals lim_{n->infinity} (Sum_{k=1..n} 1/phi(k))/log(n).
Proofs are trivial using the formulas for Sum_{k=1..n} k/phi(k) and Sum_{k=1..n} 1/phi(k) listed in the Wikipedia link.
For the limit mean value of phi(k)/k, see A059956. (End)
The asymptotic mean of A005361. - Amiram Eldar, Apr 13 2020

Examples

			1.94359643682075920505707036257476343718785850176780571602663568890 ...
		

References

  • Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 2.7, p. 116.
  • Joe Roberts, Lure of the Integers, Mathematical Association of America, 1992. See p. 74.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    First@RealDigits[ Zeta[2]*Zeta[3]/Zeta[6], 10, 100]
    RealDigits[ 315 Zeta[3]/(2 Pi^4), 10, 111][[1]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 11 2014 *)
  • PARI
    zeta(3)*315/2/Pi^4

Formula

Decimal expansion of Product_{p prime} (1+1/p/(p-1)) = zeta(2)*zeta(3)/zeta(6) = 1.94359643682075920505707...
The sum of the reciprocals of the powerful numbers, A001694. - T. D. Noe, May 03 2006
Equals A013661 * A002117 / A013664 = 1 / A068468 = zeta(3) * 315/(2*Pi^4) = zeta(3) * A157292.
Equals Sum_{k>=1} mu(k)^2/(k*phi(k)) (the sum of reciprocals of the squarefree numbers multiplied by their Euler totient function values, A000010). - Amiram Eldar, Aug 18 2020

Extensions

New definition from Eric W. Weisstein, May 04 2006

A013666 Decimal expansion of zeta(8).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 4, 0, 7, 7, 3, 5, 6, 1, 9, 7, 9, 4, 4, 3, 3, 9, 3, 7, 8, 6, 8, 5, 2, 3, 8, 5, 0, 8, 6, 5, 2, 4, 6, 5, 2, 5, 8, 9, 6, 0, 7, 9, 0, 6, 4, 9, 8, 5, 0, 0, 2, 0, 3, 2, 9, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 6, 5, 2, 5, 8, 2, 9, 5, 2, 5, 7, 4, 7, 4, 8, 8, 1, 4, 3, 9, 5, 2, 8, 7, 2, 3, 0, 3, 7, 2, 3, 7, 1, 9, 7
Offset: 1

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Comments

This sequence is also the decimal expansion of Pi^8/9450. - Mohammad K. Azarian, Mar 03 2008

Examples

			1.00407735619794433937868523850865246525896079064985002032911020265...
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 811.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    Digits := 100 : evalf(Pi^8/9450) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jan 07 2021
  • Mathematica
    RealDigits[Zeta[8], 10, 100][[1]] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 15 2015 *)

Formula

zeta(8) = 2/3*2^8/(2^8 - 1)*( Sum_{n even} n^2*p(n)/(n^2 - 1)^9 ), where p(n) = 5*n^8 + 60*n^6 + 126*n^4 + 60*n^2 + 5 is a row polynomial of A091043. See A013662, A013664, A013668 and A013670. - Peter Bala, Dec 05 2013
zeta(8) = Sum_{n >= 1} (A010052(n)/n^4). - Mikael Aaltonen, Feb 20 2015
zeta(8) = Product_{k>=1} 1/(1 - 1/prime(k)^8). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 02 2020
From Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 16 2020 (Start):
zeta(8) = (1/7!)*Integral_{0..infinity} x^7/(exp(x) - 1) dx. See Abramowitz-Stegun, 23.2.7., for s=8, p. 807. The value of the integral is 8*Pi^8/15 = 5060.54987... .
zeta(8) = (2^7/(127*7!))*Integral_{0..infinity} x^7/(exp(x) + 1) dx. See Abramowitz-Stegun, 23.2.8., for s=8, p. 807. The prefactor is 8/40005. The value of the integral is (127/240)*Pi^8 = 5021.014329... .(End)
Equals A092736/9450. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 07 2021
From Peter Bala, Apr 27 2025: (Start)
zeta(8) = 1/8! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^8 * exp(x)/(exp(x) - 1)^2 dx = 2^7/(2^7 - 1) * 1/8! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^8 * exp(x)/(exp(x) + 1)^2 dx.
zeta(8) = 1/9! * Integral_{x >= 0} x^9 * exp(x)*(exp(x) + 1) /(exp(x) - 1)^3 dx = 1/(3*15*63*127) * Integral_{x >= 0} x^9 * exp(x)*(exp(x) - 1)/(exp(x) + 1)^3 dx. (End)
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