cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A073003 Decimal expansion of -exp(1)*Ei(-1), also called Gompertz's constant, or the Euler-Gompertz constant.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 9, 6, 3, 4, 7, 3, 6, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 9, 4, 0, 7, 4, 3, 4, 1, 0, 7, 8, 4, 9, 9, 3, 6, 9, 2, 7, 9, 3, 7, 6, 0, 7, 4, 1, 7, 7, 8, 6, 0, 1, 5, 2, 5, 4, 8, 7, 8, 1, 5, 7, 3, 4, 8, 4, 9, 1, 0, 4, 8, 2, 3, 2, 7, 2, 1, 9, 1, 1, 4, 8, 7, 4, 4, 1, 7, 4, 7, 0, 4, 3, 0, 4, 9, 7, 0, 9, 3, 6, 1, 2, 7, 6, 0, 3, 4, 4, 2, 3, 7
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 03 2002

Keywords

Comments

0! - 1! + 2! - 3! + 4! - 5! + ... = (Borel) Sum_{n>=0} (-y)^n n! = KummerU(1,1,1/y)/y.
Decimal expansion of phi(1) where phi(x) = Integral_{t>=0} e^-t/(x+t) dt. - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 11 2003
The divergent series g(x=1,m) = 1^m*1! - 2^m*2! + 3^m*3! - 4^m*4! + ..., m => -1, is intimately related to Gompertz's constant. We discovered that g(x=1,m) = (-1)^m * (A040027(m) - A000110(m+1) * A073003) with A000110 the Bell numbers and A040027 a sequence that was published by Gould, see for more information A163940. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 16 2009
Named by Le Lionnais (1983) after the English self-educated mathematician and actuary Benjamin Gompertz (1779 - 1865). It was named the Euler-Gompertz constant by Finch (2003). Lagarias (2013) noted that he has not located this constant in Gompertz's writings. - Amiram Eldar, Aug 15 2020

Examples

			0.59634736232319407434107849936927937607417786015254878157348491...
With n := 10^5, Sum_{k >= 0} (n/(n + 1))^k/(n + k) = 0.5963(51...). - _Peter Bala_, Jun 19 2024
		

References

  • Bruce C. Berndt, Ramanujan's notebooks Part II, Springer, p. 171
  • Bruce C. Berndt, Ramanujan's notebooks Part I, Springer, p. 144-145.
  • S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, pp. 303, 424-425.
  • Francois Le Lionnais, Les nombres remarquables, Paris: Hermann, 1983. See p. 29.
  • Jerome Spanier and Keith B. Oldham, "Atlas of Functions", Hemisphere Publishing Corp., 1987, chapter 44, page 426.
  • H. S. Wall, Analytic Theory of Continued Fractions, Van Nostrand, New York, 1948, p. 356.

Crossrefs

Cf. A000522 (arrangements), A001620, A000262, A002720, A002793, A058006 (alternating factorial sums), A091725, A099285, A153229, A201203, A245780, A283743 (Ei(1)/e), A321942, A369883.

Programs

  • Magma
    SetDefaultRealField(RealField(100)); ExponentialIntegralE1(1)*Exp(1); // G. C. Greubel, Dec 04 2018
    
  • Mathematica
    RealDigits[N[-Exp[1]*ExpIntegralEi[-1], 105]][[1]]
    (* Second program: *)
    G = 1/Fold[Function[2*#2 - #2^2/#1], 2, Reverse[Range[10^4]]] // N[#, 105]&; RealDigits[G] // First (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 19 2014 *)
  • PARI
    eint1(1)*exp(1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 23 2013
    
  • Sage
    numerical_approx(exp_integral_e(1,1)*exp(1), digits=100) # G. C. Greubel, Dec 04 2018

Formula

phi(1) = e*(Sum_{k>=1} (-1)^(k-1)/(k*k!) - Gamma) = 0.596347362323194... where Gamma is the Euler constant.
G = 0.596347... = 1/(1+1/(1+1/(1+2/(1+2/(1+3/(1+3/(1+4/(1+4/(1+5/(1+5/(1+6/(... - Philippe Deléham, Aug 14 2005
Equals A001113*A099285. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 16 2009
From Peter Bala, Oct 11 2012: (Start)
Stieltjes found the continued fraction representation G = 1/(2 - 1^2/(4 - 2^2/(6 - 3^2/(8 - ...)))). See [Wall, Chapter 18, (92.7) with a = 1]. The sequence of convergents to the continued fraction begins [1/2, 4/7, 20/34, 124/209, ...]. The numerators are in A002793 and the denominators in A002720.
Also, 1 - G has the continued fraction representation 1/(3 - 2/(5 - 6/(7 - ... -n*(n+1)/((2*n+3) - ...)))) with convergents beginning [1/3, 5/13, 29/73, 201/501, ...]. The numerators are in A201203 (unsigned) and the denominators are in A000262.
(End)
G = f(1) with f solution to the o.d.e. x^2*f'(x) + (x+1)*f(x)=1 such that f(0)=1. - Jean-François Alcover, May 28 2013
From Amiram Eldar, Aug 15 2020: (Start)
Equals Integral_{x=0..1} 1/(1-log(x)) dx.
Equals Integral_{x=1..oo} exp(1-x)/x dx.
Equals Integral_{x=0..oo} exp(-x)*log(x+1) dx.
Equals Integral_{x=0..oo} exp(-x)/(x+1) dx. (End)
From Gleb Koloskov, May 01 2021: (Start)
Equals Integral_{x=0..1} LambertW(e/x)-1 dx.
Equals Integral_{x=0..1} 1+1/LambertW(-1,-x/e) dx. (End)
Equals lim_{n->oo} A040027(n)/A000110(n+1). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 22 2021
G = lim_{n->oo} A321942(n)/A000262(n). - Peter Bala, Mar 21 2022
Equals Sum_{n >= 1} 1/(n*L(n, -1)*L(n-1, -1)), where L(n, x) denotes the n-th Laguerre polynomial. This is the case x = 1 of the identity Integral_{t >= 0} exp(-t)/(x + t) dt = Sum_{n >= 1} 1/(n*L(n, -x)*L(n-1, -x)) valid for Re(x) > 0. - Peter Bala, Mar 21 2024
Equals lim_{n->oo} Sum_{k >= 0} (n/(n + 1))^k/(n + k). Cf. A099285. - Peter Bala, Jun 18 2024

Extensions

Additional references from Gerald McGarvey, Oct 10 2005
Link corrected by Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2009

A001809 a(n) = n! * n(n-1)/4.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 9, 72, 600, 5400, 52920, 564480, 6531840, 81648000, 1097712000, 15807052800, 242853811200, 3966612249600, 68652904320000, 1255367393280000, 24186745110528000, 489781588488192000, 10400656084955136000, 231125690776780800000, 5364548928029491200000
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

a(n) = n!*n*(n-1)/4 gives the total number of inversions in all the permutations of [n]. [Stern, Terquem] Proof: For fixed i,j and for fixed I,J (i < j, I > J, 1 <= i,j,I,J <= n), we have (n-2)! permutations p of [n] for which p(i)=I and p(j)=J (permute {1,2,...,n} \ {I,J} in the positions (1,2,...,n) \ {i,j}). There are n*(n-1)/2 choices for the pair (i,j) with i < j and n*(n-1)/2 choices for the pair (I,J) with I > J. Consequently, the total number of inversions in all the permutations of [n] is (n-2)!*(n*(n-1)/2)^2 = n!*n*(n-1)/4. - Emeric Deutsch, Oct 05 2006
To state this another way, a(n) is the number of occurrences of the pattern 12 in all permutations of [n]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 12 2014
Equivalently, this is the total Denert index of all permutations on n letters (cf. A008302). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 20 2014
Also coefficients of Laguerre polynomials. a(n)=A021009(n,2), n >= 2.
a(n) is the number of edges in the Cayley graph of the symmetric group S_n with respect to the generating set consisting of transpositions. - Avi Peretz (njk(AT)netvision.net.il), Feb 20 2001
a(n+1) is the sum of the moments over all permutations of n. E.g. a(4) is [1,2,3].[1,2,3] + [1,3,2].[1,2,3] + [2,1,3].[1,2,3] + [2,3,1].[1,2,3] + [3,1,2].[1,2,3] + [3,2,1].[1,2.3] = 14 + 13 + 13 + 11 + 11 + 10 = 72. - Jon Perry, Feb 20 2004
Derivative of the q-factorial [n]!, evaluated at q=1. Example: a(3)=9 because (d/dq)[3]!=(d/dq)((1+q)(1+q+q^2))=2+4q+3q^2 is equal to 9 at q=1. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 19 2007
Also the number of maximal cliques in the n-transposition graph for n > 1. - Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 01 2017
a(n-1) is the number of trees on [n], rooted at 1, with exactly two leaves. A leaf is a non-root vertex of degree 1. - Nikos Apostolakis, Dec 27 2021

Examples

			G.f. = x^2 + 9*x^3 + 72*x^4 + 600*x^5 + 5400*x^6 + 52920*x^7 + ...
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 799.
  • Simon Altmann and Eduardo L. Ortiz, Editors, Mathematical and Social Utopias in France: Olinde Rodrigues and His Times, Amer. Math. Soc., 2005.
  • David M. Bressoud, Proofs and Confirmations, Camb. Univ. Press, 1999; p. 90.
  • Cornelius Lanczos, Applied Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1956, p. 519.
  • Edward M. Reingold, Jurg Nievergelt and Narsingh Deo, Combinatorial Algorithms, Prentice-Hall, 1977, section 7.1, p. 287.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • Olry Terquem, Liouville's Journal, 1838.

Crossrefs

Cf. A034968 (the inversion numbers of permutations listed in alphabetic order). See also A053495 and A064038.

Programs

  • Magma
    [Factorial(n)*n*(n-1)/4: n in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 15 2015
  • Maple
    A001809 := n->n!*n*(n-1)/4;
    with(combstruct):ZL:=[st, {st=Prod(left, right), left=Set(U, card=r), right=Set(U, card=1)}, labeled]: subs(r=1, stack): seq(count(subs(r=2, ZL), size=m), m=0..19); # Zerinvary Lajos, Feb 07 2008
    with (combstruct):with (combinat):a:=proc(m) [ZL, {ZL=Set(Cycle(Z, card>=m))}, labeled]; end: ZLL:=a(1):seq(count(ZLL, size=n)*binomial(n,2)/2, n=0..21); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 11 2008
  • Mathematica
    Table[n! n (n - 1)/4, {n, 0, 18}]
    Table[n! Binomial[n, 2]/2, {n, 0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 01 2017 *)
    Coefficient[Table[n! LaguerreL[n, x], {n, 20}], x, 2] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 01 2017 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n) = n! * n * (n-1) / 4};
    
  • Sage
    [factorial(m) * binomial(m, 2) / 2 for m in range(19)]  # Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 05 2008
    

Formula

E.g.f.: (1/2)*x^2/(1-x)^3.
a(n) = a(n-1)*n^2/(n-2), n > 2; a(2)=1.
a(n) = n*a(n-1) + (n-1)!*n*(n-1)/2, a(1) = 0, a(2) = 1; a(n) = sum (first n! terms of A034968); a(n) = sum of the rises j of permutations (p(j)
If we define f(n,i,x) = Sum_{k=i..n} (Sum_{j=i..k}(C(k,j)*Stirling1(n,k)*Stirling2(j,i)*x^(k-j))) then a(n)=(-1)^n*f(n,2,-3), (n>=2). - Milan Janjic, Mar 01 2009
a(n) = Sum_k k*A008302(n,k). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 20 2014
a(n+2) = n*n!*(n+1)^2 / 4 = A000142(n) * (A000292(n) + A000330(n))/2 = sum of the cumulative sums of all the permutations of numbers from 1 to n, where A000142(n) = n! and sequences A000292(n) and A000330(n) are sequences of minimal and maximal values of cumulative sums of all the permutations of numbers from 1 to n. - Jaroslav Krizek, Sep 13 2014
From Amiram Eldar, Feb 15 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=2} 1/a(n) = 12 - 4*e.
Sum_{n>=2} (-1)^n/a(n) = 8*gamma - 4 - 4/e - 8*Ei(-1), where gamma is Euler's constant (A001620) and -Ei(-1) is the negated exponential integral at -1 (A099285). (End)

Extensions

More terms and new description from Michael Somos, May 19 2000
Simpler description from Emeric Deutsch, Oct 05 2006

A087912 Exponential generating function is exp(2*x/(1-x))/(1-x).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 14, 86, 648, 5752, 58576, 671568, 8546432, 119401856, 1815177984, 29808908032, 525586164736, 9898343691264, 198227905206272, 4204989697906688, 94163381359509504, 2219240984918720512, 54898699229094412288, 1422015190821016633344, 38484192401958599131136
Offset: 0

Author

Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 18 2003

Keywords

Crossrefs

Column k=2 of A289192.

Programs

  • Magma
    m:=25; R:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), m); b:=Coefficients(R!(Exp(2*x/(1-x))/(1-x))); [Factorial(n-1)*b[n]: n in [1..m]]; // G. C. Greubel, May 16 2018
  • Maple
    a := proc(n) option remember: if n<1 then 1 else (2*n+1)*a(n-1) - (n-1)^2*a(n-2) fi end: 'a(n)'$n=0..17; # Zerinvary Lajos, Sep 26 2006; corrected by M. F. Hasler, Sep 30 2012
  • Mathematica
    Table[n! SeriesCoefficient[E^(2*x/(1-x))/(1-x), {x, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, May 10 2013 *)
    Table[n!*LaguerreL[n, -2], {n, 0, 30}] (* G. C. Greubel, May 16 2018 *)
  • PARI
    A087912(n)={n!^2*polcoeff(exp(x+x*O(x^n))*sum(m=0,n,2^m*x^m/m!^2) ,n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Nov 18 2011
    
  • PARI
    x='x+O('x^66); Vec(serlaplace(exp(2*x/(1-x))/(1-x))) \\ Joerg Arndt, May 10 2013
    

Formula

E.g.f.: exp(2*x/(1-x))/(1-x). - M. F. Hasler, Sep 30 2012
a(n) = n!*LaguerreL(n, -2).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} 2^k*(n-k)!*binomial(n, k)^2.
E.g.f.: exp(x) * Sum_{n>=0} 2^n*x^n/n!^2 = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*x^n/n!^2. [Paul D. Hanna, Nov 18 2011]
a(n) ~ n^(n+1/4)*exp(2*sqrt(2*n)-n-1)*2^(-3/4). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 29 2012
Lim n -> infinity a(n)/(n!*BesselI(0, 2*sqrt(2*n))) = exp(-1). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 12 2016
a(n) = n! * A160615(n)/A160616(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Jun 28 2017
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) +(-2*n-1)*a(n-1) +(n-1)^2*a(n-2)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 21 2020

Extensions

Several minor edits by M. F. Hasler, Sep 30 2012

A144084 T(n,k) is the number of partial bijections of height k (height(alpha) = |Im(alpha)|) of an n-element set.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 9, 18, 6, 1, 16, 72, 96, 24, 1, 25, 200, 600, 600, 120, 1, 36, 450, 2400, 5400, 4320, 720, 1, 49, 882, 7350, 29400, 52920, 35280, 5040, 1, 64, 1568, 18816, 117600, 376320, 564480, 322560, 40320
Offset: 0

Author

Abdullahi Umar, Sep 10 2008, Sep 30 2008

Keywords

Comments

T(n,k) is also the number of elements in the Green's J equivalence classes in the symmetric inverse monoid, I sub n.
T(n,k) is also the number of ways to place k nonattacking rooks on an n X n chessboard. It can be obtained by performing P(n,k) permutations of n-columns over each C(n,k) combination of n-rows for the given k-rooks. The rule is also applicable for unequal (m X n) sized rectangular boards. - Antal Pinter, Nov 12 2014
Rows also give the coefficients of the matching-generating polynomial of the complete bipartite graph K_{n,n}. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 24 2017
Rows also give the coefficients of the independence polynomial of the n X n rook graph and clique polynomial of the n X n rook complement graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 13 and Sep 14 2017
T(n,k) is the number of increasing subsequences of length n-k over all permutations of [n]. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jan 08 2023

Examples

			T(3,1) = 9 because there are exactly 9 partial bijections (on a 3-element set) of height 1, namely: (1)->(1), (1)->(2), (1)->(3), (2)->(1), (2)->(2), (2)->(3), (3)->(1), (3)->(2), (3)->(3).
Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  4,   2;
  1,  9,  18,    6;
  1, 16,  72,   96,   24;
  1, 25, 200,  600,  600,  120;
  1, 36, 450, 2400, 5400, 4320, 720;
  ...
		

References

  • O. Ganyushkin and V. Mazorchuk, Classical Finite Transformation Semigroups, 2009, page 61.
  • J. M. Howie, Fundamentals of semigroup theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press, (1995).
  • Vaclav Kotesovec, Non-attacking chess pieces, 6th ed. (2013), p. 216, p. 218.

Crossrefs

T(n,k) = |A021010|. Sum of rows of T(n,k) is A002720. T(n,n) is the order of the symmetric group on an n-element set, n!.

Programs

  • Magma
    /* As triangle */ [[(Binomial(n,k)^2)*Factorial(k): k in [0..n]]: n in [0.. 10]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 13 2017
    
  • Maple
    T:= (n, k)-> (binomial(n, k)^2)*k!:
    seq(seq(T(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, Dec 04 2012
  • Mathematica
    Table[Table[Binomial[n, k]^2 k!,{k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 6}] // Flatten (* Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 04 2012 *)
    Table[ CoefficientList[n!*LaguerreL[n, x], x] // Abs // Reverse, {n, 0, 8}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 18 2013 *)
    CoefficientList[Table[n! x^n LaguerreL[n, -1/x], {n, 0, 8}], x] // Flatten (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 24 2017 *)
    CoefficientList[Table[(-x)^n HypergeometricU[-n, 1, -(1/x)], {n, 5}],
      x] // Flatten (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 13 2017 *)
  • PARI
    T(n,k) = k! * binomial(n,k)^2 \\ Andrew Howroyd, Feb 13 2018

Formula

T(n,k) = (C(n,k)^2)*k!.
T(n,k) = A007318(n,k) * A008279(n,k). - Antal Pinter, Nov 12 2014
From Peter Bala, Jul 04 2016: (Start)
G.f.: exp(x*t)*I_0(2*sqrt(x)) = 1 + (1 + t)*x/1!^2 + (1 + 4*t + 2*t^2)*x^2/2!^2 + (1 + 9*t + 18*t^2 + 6*t^3)*x^3/3!^2 + ..., where I_0(x) = Sum_{n >= 0} (x/2)^(2*n)/n!^2 is a modified Bessel function of the first kind.
The row polynomials R(n,t) satisfy R(n,t + u) = Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n,k)*t^k*R(n-k,u).
R(n,t) = 1 + Sum_{k = 0..n-1} (-1)^(n-k+1)*n!/k!*binomial(n,k) *t^(n-k)*R(k,t). Cf. A089231. (End)
From Peter Bala, Oct 05 2019: (Start)
E.g.f.: 1/(1 - t*x)*exp(x/(1 - t*x)).
Recurrence for row polynomials: R(n+1,t) = (1 + (2*n+1)*t)R(n,t) - n^2*t^2*R(n-1,t), with R(0,t) = 1 and R(1,t) = 1 + t.
R(n,t) equals the denominator polynomial of the finite continued fraction 1 + n*t/(1 + n*t/(1 + (n-1)*t/(1 + (n-1)*t/(1 + ... + 2*t/(1 + 2*t/(1 + t/(1 + t/(1)))))))). The numerator polynomial is the (n+1)-th row polynomial of A089231. (End)
Sum_{n>=0} Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*y^k*x^n/A001044(n) = exp(y*x)*E(x) where E(x) = Sum_{n>=0} x^n/A001044(n). - Geoffrey Critzer, Jan 08 2023
Sum_{k=0..n} k*T(n,k) = A105219(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Jan 08 2023
T(n,k) = Sum_{d=0..2*k} c(k,d)*n^d, where c(k,d) = Sum_{j=max(d-k,0)..k} binomial(k,j)*A008275(k+j,d)/j!. - Eder G. Santos, Jan 23 2025

A001870 Expansion of (1-x)/(1 - 3*x + x^2)^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 19, 65, 210, 654, 1985, 5911, 17345, 50305, 144516, 411900, 1166209, 3283145, 9197455, 25655489, 71293590, 197452746, 545222465, 1501460635, 4124739581, 11306252545, 30928921224, 84451726200, 230204999425
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

a(n) = ((n+1)*F(2*n+3)+(2*n+3)*F(2*(n+1)))/5 with F(n)=A000045(n) (Fibonacci numbers). One half of odd-indexed A001629(n), n >= 2 (Fibonacci convolution).
Convolution of F(2n+1) (A001519) and F(2n+2) (A001906(n+1)). - Graeme McRae, Jun 07 2006
Number of reentrant corners along the lower contours of all directed column-convex polyominoes of area n+3 (a reentrant corner along the lower contour is a vertical step that is followed by a horizontal step). a(n) = Sum_{k=0..ceiling((n+1)/2)} k*A121466(n+3,k). - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 02 2006
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 02 2012: (Start)
a(n) = A024458(2*n), n >= 1 (bisection, even arguments).
a(n) is also the odd part of the bisection of the half-convolution of the sequence A000045(n+1), n >= 0, with itself. See a comment on A201204 for the definition of the half-convolution of a sequence with itself. There one also finds the rule for the o.g.f. which in this case is Chato(x)/2 with the o.g.f. Chato(x) = 2*(1-x)/(1-3*x+x^2)^2 of A001629(2*n+3), n >= 0.
(End)

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

a(n) = A060921(n+1, 1)/2.
Partial sums of A030267. First differences of A001871.
Cf. A121466.
Cf. A023610.

Programs

  • GAP
    F:=Fibonacci;; List([0..30], n-> ((n+1)*F(2*n+3)+(2*n+3)*F(2*(n+1)))/5); # G. C. Greubel, Jul 15 2019
  • Haskell
    a001870 n = a001870_list !! n
    a001870_list = uncurry c $ splitAt 1 $ tail a000045_list where
       c us vs'@(v:vs) = (sum $ zipWith (*) us vs') : c (v:us) vs
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 31 2013
    
  • Magma
    I:=[1, 5, 19, 65]; [n le 4 select I[n] else 6*Self(n-1) -11*Self(n-2)+6*Self(n-3)-Self(n-4): n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 10 2012
    
  • Maple
    A001870:=-(-1+z)/(z**2-3*z+1)**2; # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation.
  • Mathematica
    CoefficientList[Series[(1-x)/(1-3*x+x^2)^2,{x,0,40}],x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 10 2012 *)
    LinearRecurrence[{6,-11,6,-1},{1,5,19,65},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 17 2013 *)
    With[{F=Fibonacci}, Table[((n+1)*F[2*n+3]+(2*n+3)*F[2*n+2])/5, {n,0,30}]] (* G. C. Greubel, Jul 15 2019 *)
  • PARI
    Vec((1-x)/(1-3*x+x^2)^2+O(x^30)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 23 2012
    
  • Sage
    f=fibonacci; [((n+1)*f(2*n+3)+(2*n+3)*f(2*n+2))/5 for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 15 2019
    

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n+1} k*binomial(n+k+1, 2k). - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 11 2003
a(n) = 6*a(n-1) - 11*a(n-2) + 6*a(n-3) - a(n-4). - Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 10 2012
a(n) = (A238846(n) + A001871(n))/2. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 06 2014
a(n) = ((2*n-1)*Fibonacci(2*n) - n*Fibonacci(2*n-1))/5 [Czabarka et al.]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 18 2018
E.g.f.: exp(3*x/2)*(5*(5 + 11*x)*cosh(sqrt(5)*x/2) + sqrt(5)*(13 + 25*x)*sinh(sqrt(5)*x/2))/25. - Stefano Spezia, Mar 04 2025

Extensions

More terms from Christian G. Bower

A000307 Number of 4-level labeled rooted trees with n leaves.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 22, 154, 1304, 12915, 146115, 1855570, 26097835, 402215465, 6734414075, 121629173423, 2355470737637, 48664218965021, 1067895971109199, 24795678053493443, 607144847919796830, 15630954703539323090, 421990078975569031642, 11918095123121138408128
Offset: 0

Keywords

References

  • J. de la Cal, J. Carcamo, Set partitions and moments of random variables, J. Math. Anal. Applic. 378 (2011) 16 doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.01.002 Remark 5
  • J. Ginsburg, Iterated exponentials, Scripta Math., 11 (1945), 340-353.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 2, 1999; see Example 5.2.4.

Crossrefs

a(n)=|A039812(n,1)| (first column of triangle).
Column k=3 of A144150.

Programs

  • Maple
    g:= proc(p) local b; b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, (n-1)! *add(p(k)*b(n-k)/ (k-1)!/ (n-k)!, k=1..n)) end end: a:= g(g(g(1))): seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 11 2008
  • Mathematica
    nn = 18; a = Exp[Exp[x] - 1]; b = Exp[a - 1];
    Range[0, nn]! CoefficientList[Series[Exp[b - 1], {x, 0, nn}], x]  (*Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 28 2011*)

Formula

E.g.f.: exp(exp(exp(exp(x)-1)-1)-1).
a(n) = sum(sum(sum(stirling2(n,k) *stirling2(k,m) *stirling2(m,r), k=m..n), m=r..n), r=1..n), n>0. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Sep 08 2010

Extensions

Extended with new definition by Christian G. Bower, Aug 15 1998

A277382 a(n) = n!*LaguerreL(n, -3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 23, 168, 1473, 14988, 173007, 2228544, 31636449, 490102164, 8219695239, 148262469336, 2860241078817, 58736954622492, 1278727896354687, 29406849577341552, 712119108949808193, 18108134430393657636, 482306685868464422391, 13425231879291031821576
Offset: 0

Author

Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 12 2016

Keywords

Comments

For m > 0, n!*LaguerreL(n, -m) ~ exp(2*sqrt(m*n) - n - m/2) * n^(n + 1/4) / (sqrt(2)*m^(1/4)) * (1 + (3+24*m+4*m^2)/(48*sqrt(m*n))).

Crossrefs

Column k=3 of A289192.

Programs

  • Magma
    [Factorial(n)*((&+[Binomial(n,k)*(3^k/Factorial(k)): k in [0..n]])): n in [0..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, May 09 2018
  • Mathematica
    Table[n!*LaguerreL[n, -3], {n, 0, 20}]
    CoefficientList[Series[E^(3*x/(1-x))/(1-x), {x, 0, 20}], x] * Range[0, 20]!
    Table[Sum[Binomial[n, k]^2 * 3^k * (n-k)!, {k,0,n}], {n, 0, 20}]
  • PARI
    for(n=0,30, print1(n!*(sum(k=0,n, binomial(n,k)*(3^k/k!))), ", ")) \\ G. C. Greubel, May 09 2018
    

Formula

E.g.f.: exp(3*x/(1-x))/(1-x).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} 3^k*(n-k)!*binomial(n, k)^2.
a(n) ~ exp(2*sqrt(3*n)-n-3/2) * n^(n+1/4) / (sqrt(2) * 3^(1/4)) * (1 + 37/(16*sqrt(3*n))).
D-finite with recurrence a(n) = 2*(n+1)*a(n-1) - (n-1)^2*a(n-2).
Lim n -> infinity a(n)/(n!*BesselI(0, 2*sqrt(3*n))) = exp(-3/2).
a(n) = n! * A160613(n)/A160614(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Jun 28 2017
Sum_{n>=0} a(n) * x^n / (n!)^2 = exp(x) * Sum_{n>=0} 3^n * x^n / (n!)^2. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 17 2020

A002538 Second-order Eulerian numbers <>.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 58, 444, 3708, 33984, 341136, 3733920, 44339040, 568356480, 7827719040, 115336085760, 1810992556800, 30196376985600, 532953524275200, 9927928075161600, 194677319705702400, 4008789120817152000, 86495828444928000000, 1951566265951948800000, 45958933902500720640000
Offset: 1

Keywords

Comments

Second-order Eulerian numbers <> count permutations of the multiset {1,1,2,2,...,n,n} with k ascents and the restriction that for any m <= n, all numbers between the two copies of m are less than m.
a(n) = number of edges in the Hasse diagram for the Bruhat order on permutations of [n+1]. - David Callan, Sep 03 2005
Proof. As explained on page 1 of the Stanley link, edges in the Hasse diagram of the (strong) Bruhat order on S_n are associated with pairs (pi,(i,j)) with pi in S_n and 1 <= i < j <= n, such that pi_i < pi_j and each entry of pi lying between pi_i and pi_j in POSITION does not lie between pi_i and pi_j in VALUE.
For example, pi = (3, 5, 1, 2, 4) gives edges for the (i,j) pairs (1,2), (1,5), (3,4), (4,5) but not, e.g., for (i,j) = (3,5) because 2 lies between pi_3=1 and pi_5=4 both in position and in value.
Let us count edges for a given pair (i,j). Consider the j-i+1 entries pi_i, pi_(i+1),...,pi_j. There are (j-i+1)! possible orderings for their values and (i,j) contributes an edge <=> the values of pi_i, pi_j are adjacent in this ordering with pi_i < pi_j.
There are (j-i)! such orderings (just coalesce the items pi_i, pi_j into a single item). The net result is that (i,j) contributes an edge 1/(j-i+1) of the time. So the total number of edges in the Hasse diagram is Sum_{1 <= i < j <= n} n!/(j-i+1) = (n+1)!(H_(n+1) - 2) + n! where H_n = 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/n is the harmonic sum. QED - David Callan, Mar 07 2006
Number of reentrant corners along the lower contours of all deco polyominoes of height n+2. A deco polyomino is a directed column-convex polyomino in which the height, measured along the diagonal, is attained only in the last column. a(n) = Sum_{k>=1} k*A121579(n+2,k). - Emeric Deutsch, Aug 16 2006
a(n) is the total sum of the cycle maxima minus the cycle minima over all permutations of [n+1]. a(2) = 8 = 2+2+1+2+1+0: (123), (132), (12)(3), (13)(2), (1)(23), (1)(2)(3). - Alois P. Heinz, Dec 22 2023
a(n-1) is the number of parking functions of order n with exactly n-1 lucky cars, where a lucky car is a car which parks in the spot it prefers. - Kimberly P. Hadaway, Jun 20 2024

References

  • R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994, p. 270.
  • J. Ser, Les Calculs Formels des Séries de Factorielles. Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1933, p. 83.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Second diagonal of A008517 and second column of A112007.
Cf. A121579.

Programs

  • Magma
    [n le 1 select n else (n+2)*Self(n-1) + n*Factorial(n): n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 11 2018
  • Maple
    egf:= (x+2*log(1-x))/(x-1)^3:
    a:= n-> n!*coeff(series(egf, x, n+1), x, n):
    seq(a(n), n=1..21);  # Peter Luschny, Feb 12 2021
    # Alternative:
    a := n -> (n + 1)! * ((n + 2)*harmonic(n + 2) - 2*n - 3);
    seq(a(n), n = 1..22);  # Peter Luschny, Apr 09 2024
  • Mathematica
    Table[(-1)^(n + 1)* Sum[(-1)^(n - k) k (-1)^(n - k) StirlingS1[n + 3, k + 3], {k, 0, n}], {n, 1, 16}] (* Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 08 2009 *)
    a[n_]:=(-1)*((2*n+3)*(n+1)!-Abs[StirlingS1[n+3,2]]);Flatten[Table[a[n],{n,1,21}]] (* Detlef Meya, Apr 09 2024 *)
  • PARI
    N=66; x='x+O('x^66); Vec(serlaplace((x+2*log(1-x))/(x-1)^3)) \\ Joerg Arndt, Apr 09 2016
    

Formula

From Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 15 2003: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} k * |Stirling1(n+2, k+2)|.
E.g.f.: (x+2*log(1-x))/(x-1)^3. (End)
With alternating signs: Ramanujan polynomials psi_2(n, x) evaluated at -1. - Ralf Stephan, Apr 16 2004
a(n) = (n+2)*a(n-1) + n*n!, n>=1, a(0):=0.
a(n) = (n+2)!*HarmonicSum(n+2) + (n+1)! - 2(n+2)! where HarmonicSum(n) = 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/n. - David Callan, Mar 07 2006
a(n) = (n+1)!*((n+2)*h(n+2)-2*n-3) where h(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} 1/k. - Gary Detlefs, Mar 25 2011
Conjecture: a(n) + 2*(-n-2)*a(n-1) + (n^2+4*n+1)*a(n-2) - n*(n-1)*a(n-3) = 0. - R. J. Mathar, Oct 27 2014
a(n) = (-1)*((2*n + 3)*(n + 1)! - abs(Stirling1(n + 3, 2))). - Detlef Meya, Apr 09 2024

Extensions

More terms from Joerg Arndt, Apr 09 2016

A002544 a(n) = binomial(2*n+1,n)*(n+1)^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 12, 90, 560, 3150, 16632, 84084, 411840, 1969110, 9237800, 42678636, 194699232, 878850700, 3931426800, 17450721000, 76938289920, 337206098790, 1470171918600, 6379820115900, 27569305764000, 118685861314020, 509191949220240, 2177742427450200, 9287309860732800
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Coefficients for numerical differentiation.
Take the first n integers 1,2,3..n and find all combinations with repetitions allowed for the first n of them. Find the sum of each of these combinations to get this sequence. Example for 1 and 2: 1,2,1+1,1+2,2+2 gives sum of 12=a(2). - J. M. Bergot, Mar 08 2016
Let cos(x) = 1 -x^2/2 +x^4/4!-x^6/6!.. = Sum_i (-1)^i x^(2i)/(2i)! be the standard power series of the cosine, and y = 2*(1-cos(x)) = 4*sin^2(x/2) = x^2 -x^4/12 +x^6/360 ...= Sum_i 2*(-1)^(i+1) x^(2i)/(2i)! be a closely related series. Then this sequence represents the reversion x^2 = Sum_i 1/a(i) *y^(i+1). - R. J. Mathar, May 03 2022

References

  • C. Lanczos, Applied Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1956, p. 514.
  • J. Ser, Les Calculs Formels des Séries de Factorielles. Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1933, p. 92.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Equals A002736/2.
A diagonal of A331430.

Programs

  • Maple
    seq((n+1)^2*(binomial(2*n+2, n+1))/2, n=0..29); # Zerinvary Lajos, May 31 2006
  • Mathematica
    Table[Binomial[2n+1,n](n+1)^2,{n,0,20}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 23 2011 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=binomial(2*n+1,n)*(n+1)^2
    
  • PARI
    x='x+O('x^99); Vec((1+2*x)/(1-4*x)^(5/2)) \\ Altug Alkan, Jul 09 2016
    
  • Python
    from sympy import binomial
    def a(n): return binomial(2*n + 1, n)*(n + 1)**2 # Indranil Ghosh, Apr 18 2017

Formula

G.f.: (1 + 2x)/(1 - 4x)^(5/2).
a(n-1) = sum(i_1 + i_2 + ... + i_n) where the sum is over 0 <= i_1 <= i_2 <= ... <= i_n <= n; a(n) = (n+1)^2 C(2n+1, n). - David Callan, Nov 20 2003
a(n) = (n+1)^2 * binomial(2*n+2,n+1)/2. - Zerinvary Lajos, May 31 2006
Asymptotics: a(n)-> (1/64) * (128*n^2+176*n+41) * 4^n * n^(-1/2)/(sqrt(Pi)), for n->infinity. - Karol A. Penson, Aug 05 2013
G.f.: 2F1(3/2,2;1;4x). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 09 2015
a(n) = A002457(n)*(n+1). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 09 2015
a(n) = A000217(n)*A000984(n). - J. M. Bergot, Mar 10 2016
a(n-1) = A001791(n)*n*(n+1)/2. - Anton Zakharov, Jul 04 2016
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 04 2016: (Start)
E.g.f.: ((1 + 2*x)*(1 + 8*x)*BesselI(0,2*x) + 2*x*(3 + 8*x)*BesselI(1,2*x))*exp(2*x).
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = Pi^2/9 = A100044. (End)
From Peter Bala, Apr 18 2017: (Start)
With x = y^2/(1 + y) we have log^2(1 + y) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*x^(n+1)/a(n). See Shenton and Kemp.
Series reversion ( Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^n*x^(n+1)/a(n) ) = Sum_{n >= 1} 2*x^n/(2*n)! = Sum_{n >= 1} x^n/A002674(n). (End)
D-finite with recurrence n^2*a(n) -2*(n+1)*(2*n+1)*a(n-1)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 08 2021
Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n/a(n) = 4*arcsinh(1/2)^2 = A202543^2. - Amiram Eldar, May 14 2022

A002736 Apéry numbers: a(n) = n^2*C(2n,n).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 24, 180, 1120, 6300, 33264, 168168, 823680, 3938220, 18475600, 85357272, 389398464, 1757701400, 7862853600, 34901442000, 153876579840, 674412197580, 2940343837200, 12759640231800, 55138611528000, 237371722628040, 1018383898440480
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Let H be the n X n Hilbert matrix H(i,j) = 1/(i+j-1) for 1 <= i,j <= n. Let B be the inverse matrix of H. The sum of the elements in row n-1 of B equals -a(n-1). - T. D. Noe, May 01 2011

References

  • J. Ser, Les Calculs Formels des Séries de Factorielles, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1933, p. 93.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Magma
    [n^2*Binomial(2*n, n): n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 08 2014
    
  • Maple
    seq(n^2*binomial(2*n,n), n=0..50); # Robert Israel, Aug 07 2014
  • Mathematica
    CoefficientList[ Series[x (4 x + 2)/(1 - 4 x)^(5/2), {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 08 2011 *)
    Table[n^2 Binomial[2n,n],{n,0,30}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 21 2017 *)
  • MuPAD
    combinat::catalan(n)*(n+1)*n^2 $ n = 0..36 // Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 17 2007
    
  • PARI
    my(x='x+O('x^100)); concat(0, Vec(x*(4*x+2)/((1-4*x)^(5/2)))) \\ Altug Alkan, Mar 21 2016
    
  • PARI
    a(n) = n^2*binomial(2*n, n); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 21 2016
    
  • Sage
    [n^2*(n+1)*catalan_number(n) for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 23 2022

Formula

G.f.: x*(4*x+2)/((1-4*x)^(5/2)). - Marco A. Cisneros Guevara, Jul 25 2011
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = Pi^2/18 (Euler). - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 07 2002
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jan 17 2017: (Start)
a(n) ~ 4^n*n^(3/2)/sqrt(Pi).
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 2*log(phi)^2 = A086467, where phi is the golden ratio. (End)
D-finite with recurrence: (-n+1)*a(n) +2*(n+4)*a(n-1) +4*(2*n-3)*a(n-2)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 21 2020
a(n) = (2n)!/(Gamma(n))^2. - Diego Rattaggi, Mar 30 2020
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..2*n} binomial(2*n,k)*abs(n-k)^3 (Bruckman, 1999; Strazdins, 2000). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 12 2022
Sum_{n>=1} x^n/a(n) = 2*arcsin(sqrt(x)/2)^2, for abs(x) < 4 (Adegoke et al., 2022, section 5, p. 10). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 07 2024
From Peter Bala, Aug 02 2025: (Start)
For n >= 1,
a(n) = 2*n*(2*n-1)/(n-1)^2 * a(n-1) with a(1) = 2 and
1/a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^(n+k+1) * binomial(n, k)*binomial(n+k, k)/(n+k)^2. (End)
a(n) = 2 * A002544(n-1) for n>=1. - Alois P. Heinz, Aug 03 2025
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