A004086 -id:A004086 - cp's OEIS frontend

A002113 Palindromes in base 10.

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, 202, 212, 222, 232, 242, 252, 262, 272, 282, 292, 303, 313, 323, 333, 343, 353, 363, 373, 383, 393, 404, 414, 424, 434, 444, 454, 464, 474, 484, 494, 505, 515

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

n is a palindrome (i.e., a(k) = n for some k) if and only if n = A004086(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 10 2002
It seems that if n*reversal(n) is in the sequence then n = 3 or all digits of n are less than 3. - Farideh Firoozbakht, Nov 02 2014
The position of a palindrome within the sequence can be determined almost without calculation: If the palindrome has an even number of digits, prepend a 1 to the front half of the palindrome's digits. If the number of digits is odd, prepend the value of front digit + 1 to the digits from position 2 ... central digit. Examples: 98766789 = a(19876), 515 = a(61), 8206028 = a(9206), 9230329 = a(10230). - Hugo Pfoertner, Aug 14 2015
This sequence is an additive basis of order at most 49, see Banks link. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 23 2015
The order has been reduced from 49 to 3; see the Cilleruelo-Luca and Cilleruelo-Luca-Baxter links. - Jonathan Sondow, Nov 27 2017
See A262038 for the "next palindrome" and A261423 for the "preceding palindrome" functions. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2015
The number of palindromes with d digits is 10 if d = 1, and otherwise it is 9 * 10^(floor((d - 1)/2)). - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 06 2015
Sequence A033665 tells how many iterations of the Reverse-then-add function A056964 are needed to reach a palindrome; numbers for which this will never happen are Lychrel numbers (A088753) or rather Kin numbers (A023108). - M. F. Hasler, Apr 13 2019
This sequence is an additive basis of order 3, see Cilleruelo, Luca, & Baxter and Sigg. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 08 2025

Karl G. Kröber, "Palindrome, Perioden und Chaoten: 66 Streifzüge durch die palindromischen Gefilde" (1997, Deutsch-Taschenbücher; Bd. 99) ISBN 3-8171-1522-9.
Clifford A. Pickover, A Passion for Mathematics, Wiley, 2005; see p. 71.
Alfred S. Posamentier, Math Charmers, Tantalizing Tidbits for the Mind, Prometheus Books, NY, 2003, pages 50-52.
Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See p. 120.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, List of first 19999 palindromes: Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..19999
Hunki Baek, Sejeong Bang, Dongseok Kim, and Jaeun Lee, A bijection between aperiodic palindromes and connected circulant graphs, arXiv:1412.2426 [math.CO], 2014.
William D. Banks, Derrick N. Hart, and Mayumi Sakata, Almost all palindromes are composite, Math. Res. Lett., Vol. 11, No. 5-6 (2004), pp. 853-868.
William D. Banks, Every natural number is the sum of forty-nine palindromes, arXiv:1508.04721 [math.NT], 2015; Integers, 16 (2016), article A3.
Javier Cilleruelo, Florian Luca and Lewis Baxter, Every positive integer is a sum of three palindromes, Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 87, No. 314 (2018), pp. 3023-3055, arXiv preprint, arXiv:1602.06208 [math.NT], 2017.
Patrick De Geest, World of Numbers.
Kritkhajohn Onphaeng, Tammatada Khemaratchatakumthorn, Phakhinkon Napp Phunphayap, and Prapanpong Pongsriiam, Exact Formulas for the Number of Palindromes in Certain Arithmetic Progressions, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 27 (2024), Article 24.4.8. See p. 2.
Phakhinkon Phunphayap and Prapanpong Pongsriiam, Reciprocal sum of palindromes, arXiv:1803.00161 [math.CA], 2018.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Prapanpong Pongsriiam and Kittipong Subwattanachai, Exact Formulas for the Number of Palindromes up to a Given Positive Integer, Intl. J. of Math. Comp. Sci. (2019) 14:1, 27-46.
E. A. Schmidt, Positive Integer Palindromes. [Cached copy at the Wayback Machine]
Markus Sigg, On a conjecture of John Hoffman regarding sums of palindromic numbers, arXiv preprint (2015). arXiv:1510.07507 [math.NT]
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Palindromic Number.
Wikipedia, Palindromic number.
Index entries for sequences that are an additive basis, order 3.
Index entries for sequences related to palindromes
Index entries for "core" sequences

Subsequence of A061917 and A221221.
A110745 is a subsequence.
Union of A056524 and A056525.
Palindromes in bases 2 through 11: A006995 and A057148, A014190 and A118594, A014192 and A118595, A029952 and A118596, A029953 and A118597, A029954 and A118598, A029803 and A118599, A029955 and A118600, this sequence, A029956. Also A262065 (base 60), A262069 (subsequence).
Palindromic primes: A002385. Palindromic nonprimes: A032350.
Palindromic-pi: A136687.
Cf. A029742 (complement), A086862 (first differences).
Palindromic floor function: A261423, also A261424. Palindromic ceiling: A262038.
Cf. A004086 (read n backwards), A064834, A118031, A136522 (characteristic function), A178788.
Ways to write n as a sum of three palindromes: A261132, A261422.
Minimal number of palindromes that add to n using greedy algorithm: A088601.
Minimal number of palindromes that add to n: A261675.

Filtered([0..550],n->ListOfDigits(n)=Reversed(ListOfDigits(n))); # Muniru A Asiru, Mar 08 2019

a002113 n = a002113_list !! (n-1)
  a002113_list = filter ((== 1) . a136522) [1..] -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 09 2011

import Data.List.Ordered (union)
  a002113_list = union a056524_list a056525_list -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 29 2015, Dec 28 2011

[n: n in [0..600] | Intseq(n, 10) eq Reverse(Intseq(n, 10))]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 03 2014

read transforms; t0:=[]; for n from 0 to 2000 do if digrev(n) = n then t0:=[op(t0),n]; fi; od: t0;
# Alternatively, to get all palindromes with <= N digits in the list "Res":
N:=5;
Res:= $0..9:
for d from 2 to N do
  if d::even then
    m:= d/2;
    Res:= Res, seq(n*10^m + digrev(n),n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1);
  else
    m:= (d-1)/2;
    Res:= Res, seq(seq(n*10^(m+1)+y*10^m+digrev(n),y=0..9),n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1);
  fi
od: Res:=[Res]: # Robert Israel, Aug 10 2014
# A variant: Gets all base-10 palindromes with exactly d digits, in the list "Res"
d:=4:
if d=1 then Res:= [$0..9]:
elif d::even then
    m:= d/2:
    Res:= [seq(n*10^m + digrev(n), n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1)]:
else
    m:= (d-1)/2:
    Res:= [seq(seq(n*10^(m+1)+y*10^m+digrev(n), y=0..9), n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1)]:
fi:
Res; # N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 18 2015
isA002113 := proc(n)
    simplify(digrev(n) = n) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Sep 09 2015

palQ[n_Integer, base_Integer] := Module[{idn = IntegerDigits[n, base]}, idn == Reverse[idn]]; (* then to generate any base-b sequence for 1 < b < 37, replace the 10 in the following instruction with b: *) Select[Range[0, 1000], palQ[#, 10] &]
base10Pals = {0}; r = 2; Do[Do[AppendTo[base10Pals, n * 10^(IntegerLength[n] - 1) + FromDigits@Rest@Reverse@IntegerDigits[n]], {n, 10^(e - 1), 10^e - 1}]; Do[AppendTo[base10Pals, n * 10^IntegerLength[n] + FromDigits@Reverse@IntegerDigits[n]], {n, 10^(e - 1), 10^e - 1}], {e, r}]; base10Pals (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, May 04 2012 *)
nthPalindromeBase[n_, b_] := Block[{q = n + 1 - b^Floor[Log[b, n + 1 - b^Floor[Log[b, n/b]]]], c = Sum[Floor[Floor[n/((b + 1) b^(k - 1) - 1)]/(Floor[n/((b + 1) b^(k - 1) - 1)] - 1/b)] - Floor[Floor[n/(2 b^k - 1)]/(Floor[n/(2 b^k - 1)] - 1/ b)], {k, Floor[Log[b, n]]}]}, Mod[q, b] (b + 1)^c * b^Floor[Log[b, q]] + Sum[Floor[Mod[q, b^(k + 1)]/b^k] b^(Floor[Log[b, q]] - k) (b^(2 k + c) + 1), {k, Floor[Log[b, q]]}]] (* after the work of Eric A. Schmidt, works for all integer bases b > 2 *)
Array[nthPalindromeBase[#, 10] &, 61, 0] (* please note that Schmidt uses a different, a more natural and intuitive offset, that of a(1) = 1. - Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 22 2014 and modified Nov 28 2014 *)
Select[Range[10^3], PalindromeQ] (* Michael De Vlieger, Nov 27 2017 *)
nLP[cn_Integer]:=Module[{s,len,half,left,pal,fdpal},s=IntegerDigits[cn]; len=Length[s]; half=Ceiling[len/2]; left=Take[s,half]; pal=Join[left,Reverse[ Take[left,Floor[len/2]]]]; fdpal=FromDigits[pal]; Which[cn==9,11,fdpal>cn,fdpal,True,left=IntegerDigits[ FromDigits[left]+1]; pal=Join[left,Reverse[Take[left,Floor[len/2]]]]; FromDigits[pal]]]; NestList[nLP,0,100] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 10 2024 *)

is_A002113(n)=Vecrev(n=digits(n))==n \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 17 2008, updated Apr 26 2014, Jun 19 2018

is(n)=n=digits(n);for(i=1,#n\2,if(n[i]!=n[#n+1-i],return(0))); 1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 04 2013

a(n)={my(d,i,r);r=vector(#digits(n-10^(#digits(n\11)))+#digits(n\11));n=n-10^(#digits(n\11));d=digits(n);for(i=1,#d,r[i]=d[i];r[#r+1-i]=d[i]);sum(i=1,#r,10^(#r-i)*r[i])} \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 06 2014

\\ recursive--feed an element a(n) and it gives a(n+1)
nxt(n)=my(d=digits(n));i=(#d+1)\2;while(i&&d[i]==9,d[i]=0;d[#d+1-i]=0;i--);if(i,d[i]++;d[#d+1-i]=d[i],d=vector(#d+1);d[1]=d[#d]=1);sum(i=1,#d,10^(#d-i)*d[i]) \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 06 2014

\\ feed a(n), returns n.
inv(n)={my(d=digits(n));q=ceil(#d/2);sum(i=1,q,10^(q-i)*d[i])+10^floor(#d/2)} \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 18 2014

inv_A002113(P)={P\(P=10^(logint(P+!P,10)\/2))+P} \\ index n of palindrome P = a(n), much faster than above: no sum is needed. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2018

A002113(n,L=logint(n,10))=(n-=L=10^max(L-(n<11*10^(L-1)),0))*L+fromdigits(Vecrev(digits(if(nM. F. Hasler, Sep 11 2018

# edited by M. F. Hasler, Jun 19 2018
def A002113_list(nMax):
  mlist=[]
  for n in range(nMax+1):
     mstr=str(n)
     if mstr==mstr[::-1]:
        mlist.append(n)
  return mlist # Bill McEachen, Dec 17 2010

from itertools import chain
A002113 = sorted(chain(map(lambda x:int(str(x)+str(x)[::-1]),range(1,10**3)),map(lambda x:int(str(x)+str(x)[-2::-1]), range(10**3)))) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 09 2014

from itertools import chain, count
A002113 = chain(k for k in count(0) if str(k) == str(k)[::-1])
print([next(A002113) for k in range(60)]) # Jan P. Hartkopf, Apr 10 2021

is_A002113 = lambda n: (s:=str(n))[::-1]==s # M. F. Hasler, May 23 2024

from math import log10, floor
def A002113(n):
  if n < 2: return 0
  P = 10**floor(log10(n//2)); M = 11*P
  s = str(n - (P if n < M else M-P))
  return int(s + s[-2 if n < M else -1::-1]) # M. F. Hasler, Jun 06 2024

[n for n in (0..515) if Word(n.digits()).is_palindrome()] # Peter Luschny, Sep 13 2018

def palQ(n: Int, b: Int = 10): Boolean = n - Integer.parseInt(n.toString.reverse) == 0
(0 to 999).filter(palQ()) // _Alonso del Arte, Nov 10 2019

A136522(a(n)) = 1.
A178788(a(n)) = 0 for n > 9. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 30 2010
A064834(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 18 2013
a(n+1) = A262038(a(n)+1). - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2015
Sum_{n>=2} 1/a(n) = A118031. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 17 2020
a(n) = (floor(d(n)/(c(n)*9 + 1)))*10^A055642(d(n)) + A004086(d(n)) where b(n, k) = ceiling(log((n + 1)/k)/log(10)), c(n) = b(n, 2) - b(n, 11) and d(n) = (n - A086573(b(n*(2 - c(n)), 2) - 1)/2 - 1). - Alan Michael Gómez Calderón, Mar 11 2025

A006567 Emirps (primes whose reversal is a different prime).

Original entry on oeis.org

13, 17, 31, 37, 71, 73, 79, 97, 107, 113, 149, 157, 167, 179, 199, 311, 337, 347, 359, 389, 701, 709, 733, 739, 743, 751, 761, 769, 907, 937, 941, 953, 967, 971, 983, 991, 1009, 1021, 1031, 1033, 1061, 1069, 1091, 1097, 1103, 1109, 1151, 1153, 1181, 1193, 1201

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

A palindrome is a word that when written in reverse results in the same word. for example, "racecar" reversed is still "racecar". Related to palindromes are semordnilaps. These are words that when written in reverse result in a distinct valid word. For example, "stressed" written in reverse is "desserts". Not all words are palindromes or semordnilaps. While certainly not all numbers are palindromes, all non-palindromic numbers when written in reverse will form semordnilaps. Narrowing to primes brings back the same trichotomy as with words: some numbers are emirps, some numbers are palindromic primes, but some words are neither.

The term "emirp" was coined by the American mathematician Jeremiah Farrell (1937-2022). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 11 2021

Martin Gardner, The Magic Numbers of Dr Matrix. Prometheus, Buffalo, NY, 1985, p. 230.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Chris K. Caldwell, The Prime Glossary, emirp.
Brady Haran and N. J. A. Sloane, What Number Comes Next?, Numberphile video, 2018.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Emirp.
Wikipedia, Emirp.

Cf. A003684, A007628 (subsequence), A046732, A048051, A048052, A048053, A048054, A048895, A004086 (read n backwards).

A007500 is the union of A002385 and this sequence.

a006567 n = a006567_list !! (n-1)
a006567_list = filter f a000040_list where
   f p = a010051' q == 1 && q /= p  where q = a004086 p
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 16 2014

[ n : n in [1..1194] | n ne rev and IsPrime(n) and IsPrime(rev) where rev is Seqint(Reverse(Intseq(n))) ]; // Sergei Haller (sergei(AT)sergei-haller.de), Dec 21 2006

read("transforms") ; isA006567 := proc(n) local R ; if isprime(n) then R := digrev(n) ; isprime(R) and R <> n ; else false; end if; end proc:
A006567 := proc(n) option remember ; local a; if n = 1 then 13; else a := nextprime(procname(n-1)) ; while not isA006567(a) do a := nextprime(a) ; end do; return a; end if; end proc:
seq(A006567(n),n=1..120) ; # R. J. Mathar, May 24 2010

fQ[n_] := Block[{idn = IntegerReverse@ n}, PrimeQ@ idn && n != idn]; Select[Prime@ Range@ 200, fQ] (* Santi Spadaro, Oct 14 2001 and modified by Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 08 2015 *)
Select[Prime[Range[5,200]],PrimeQ[IntegerReverse[#]]&&!PalindromeQ[#]&] (* Requires Mathematica version 10 or later *) (* Harvey P. Dale, May 11 2021 *)

is(n)=my(r=eval(concat(Vecrev(Str(n)))));isprime(r)&&r!=n&&isprime(n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2012

select( {is_A006567(n,r=fromdigits(Vecrev(digits(n))))=isprime(r)&&r!=n&&isprime(n)}, primes(200)) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 31 2020

from sympy import prime, isprime
A006567 = [p for p in (prime(n) for n in range(1,10**6)) if str(p) != str(p)[::-1] and isprime(int(str(p)[::-1]))] # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 14 2014

from sympy import isprime, nextprime
def emirps(start=1, end=float('inf')): # generator for emirps in start..end
    p = nextprime(start-1)
    while p <= end:
        s = str(p)
        if s[0] in "24568":
            p = nextprime((int(s[0])+1)*10**(len(s)-1)); continue
        revp = int(s[::-1])
        if p != revp and isprime(revp): yield p
        p = nextprime(p)
print(list(emirps(end=1201))) # Michael S. Branicky, Jan 24 2021, updated Jul 28 2022

More terms from James Sellers, Jan 22 2000

A030101 a(n) is the number produced when n is converted to binary digits, the binary digits are reversed and then converted back into a decimal number.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 5, 3, 7, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15, 1, 17, 9, 25, 5, 21, 13, 29, 3, 19, 11, 27, 7, 23, 15, 31, 1, 33, 17, 49, 9, 41, 25, 57, 5, 37, 21, 53, 13, 45, 29, 61, 3, 35, 19, 51, 11, 43, 27, 59, 7, 39, 23, 55, 15, 47, 31, 63, 1, 65, 33, 97, 17, 81, 49, 113, 9, 73, 41, 105, 25, 89, 57

Offset: 0

David W. Wilson

As with decimal reversal, initial zeros are ignored; otherwise, the reverse of 1 would be 1000000... ad infinitum.
Numerators of the binary van der Corput sequence. - Eric Rowland, Feb 12 2008
It seems that in most cases A030101(x) = A000265(x) and that if A030101(x) <> A000265(x), the next time A030101(y) = A000265(x), A030101(x) = A000265(y). Also, it seems that if a pair of values exist at one index, they will exist at any index where one of them exist. It also seems like the greater of the pair always shows up on A000265 first. - Dylan Hamilton, Aug 04 2010
The number of occasions A030101(n) = A000265(n) before n = 2^k is A053599(k) + 1. For n = 0..2^19, the sequences match less than 1% of the time. - Andrew Woods, May 19 2012
For n > 0: a(a(n)) = n if and only if n is odd; a(A006995(n)) = A006995(n). - Juli Mallett, Nov 11 2010, corrected: Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 21 2011
n is binary palindromic if and only if a(n) = n. - Reinhard Zumkeller, corrected: Jan 17 2012, thanks to Hieronymus Fischer, who pointed this out; Oct 21 2011
Given any n > 1, the set of numbers A030109(i) = (A030101(i) - 1)/2 for indexes i ranging from 2^n to 2^(n + 1) - 1 is a permutation of the set of consecutive integers {0, 1, 2, ..., 2^n - 1}. This is important in the standard FFT algorithms (starting or ending bit-reversal permutation). - Stanislav Sykora, Mar 15 2012
Row n of A030308 gives the binary digits of a(n), prepended with zero at even positions. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 17 2012
The binary van der Corput sequence is the infinite sequence of fractions { A030101(n)/A062383(n), n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... }, and begins 0, 1/2, 1/4, 3/4, 1/8, 5/8, 3/8, 7/8, 1/16, 9/16, 5/16, 13/16, 3/16, 11/16, 7/16, 15/16, 1/32, 17/32, 9/32, 25/32, 5/32, 21/32, 13/32, 29/32, 3/32, 19/32, 11/32, 27/32, 7/32, 23/32, 15/32, 31/32, 1/64, 33/64, 17/64, 49/64, ... - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 01 2019
Record highs occur at n = A209492(m) (for n>=1) with values a(n) = A224195(m) (for n>=3). - Bill McEachen, Aug 02 2023

			a(100) = 19 because 100 (base 10) = 1100100 (base 2) and R(1100100 (base 2)) = 10011 (base 2) = 19 (base 10).

Hlawka E. The theory of uniform distribution. Academic Publishers, Berkhamsted, 1984. See pp. 93, 94 for the van der Corput sequence. - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 01 2019

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Sean Anderson, Bit Twiddling Hacks, for fixed-width reversals.
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), section 1.14 Reversing the bits of a word, page 33.
Harold L. Dorwart, Seventeenth annual USA Mathematical Olympiads, Math. Mag., 62 (1989), 210-214 (#3).
Bernd Fischer and Lothar Reichel, Newton interpolation in Fejér and Chebyshev points, Mathematics of Computation 53.187 (1989): 265-278. See pp. 266, 267 for the van der Corput sequence. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Dec 01 2019
Michael Gilleland, Some Self-Similar Integer Sequences
E. Hlawka, The theory of uniform distribution. Academic Publishers, Berkhamsted, 1984. See pp. 93, 94 for the van der Corput sequence. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Dec 01 2019
Project Euler, Problem 463: A weird recurrence relation
Wikipedia, van der Corput sequence.
Index entries for sequences related to binary expansion of n

Cf. A030102 - A030109, A036044, A004086, A005408.
Cf. A055944 (reverse and add), A178225, A273258.
Cf. A056539, A057889 (bijective variants), A224195, A209492.

a030101 = f 0 where
   f y 0 = y
   f y x = f (2 * y + b) x'  where (x', b) = divMod x 2
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 18 2014, Oct 21 2011

([: #. [: |. #:)"0 NB. Stephen Makdisi, May 07 2018

A030101:=func; // Jason Kimberley, Sep 19 2011

A030101 := proc(n)
    convert(n,base,2) ;
    ListTools[Reverse](%) ;
    add(op(i,%)*2^(i-1),i=1..nops(%)) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Mar 10 2015
# second Maple program:
a:= proc(n) local m, r; m:=n; r:=0;
      while m>0 do r:=r*2+irem(m, 2, 'm') od; r
    end:
seq(a(n), n=0..80);  # Alois P. Heinz, Nov 17 2015

Table[FromDigits[Reverse[IntegerDigits[i, 2]], 2], {i, 0, 80}]
bitRev[n_] := Switch[Mod[n, 4], 0, bitRev[n/2], 1, 2 bitRev[(n + 1)/2] - bitRev[(n - 1)/4], 2, bitRev[n/2], 3, 3 bitRev[(n - 1)/2] - 2 bitRev[(n - 3)/4]]; bitRev[0] = 0; bitRev[1] = 1; bitRev[3] = 3; Array[bitRev, 80, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 18 2014 *)

a(n)=if(n<1,0,subst(Polrev(binary(n)),x,2))

a(n) = fromdigits(Vecrev(binary(n)), 2); \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 10 2017

def a(n): return int(bin(n)[2:][::-1], 2) # Indranil Ghosh, Apr 24 2017

def A030101(n): return Integer(bin(n).lstrip("0b")[::-1],2) if n!=0 else 0
[A030101(n) for n in (0..78)]  # Peter Luschny, Aug 09 2012

(0 to 127).map(n => Integer.parseInt(Integer.toString(n, 2).reverse, 2)) // Alonso del Arte, Feb 11 2020

a(n) = 0, a(2n) = a(n), a(2n+1) = a(n) + 2^(floor(log_2(n)) + 1). For n > 0, a(n) = 2*A030109(n) - 1. - Ralf Stephan, Sep 15 2003
a(n) = b(n, 0) with b(n, r) = r if n = 0, otherwise b(floor(n/2), 2*r + n mod 2). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 03 2010
a(1) = 1, a(3) = 3, a(2n) = a(n), a(4n+1) = 2a(2n+1) - a(n), a(4n+3) = 3a(2n+1) - 2a(n) (as in the Project Euler problem). To prove this, expand the recurrence into binary strings and reversals. - David Applegate, Mar 16 2014, following a posting to the Sequence Fans Mailing List by Martin Møller Skarbiniks Pedersen.
Conjecture: a(n) = 2*w(n) - 2*w(A053645(n)) - 1 for n > 0, where w = A264596. - Velin Yanev, Sep 12 2017

Edits (including correction of an erroneous date pointed out by J. M. Bergot) by Jon E. Schoenfield, Mar 16 2014

Name clarified by Antti Karttunen, Nov 09 2017

A005150 Look and Say sequence: describe the previous term! (method A - initial term is 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 11, 21, 1211, 111221, 312211, 13112221, 1113213211, 31131211131221, 13211311123113112211, 11131221133112132113212221, 3113112221232112111312211312113211, 1321132132111213122112311311222113111221131221, 11131221131211131231121113112221121321132132211331222113112211, 311311222113111231131112132112311321322112111312211312111322212311322113212221

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Method A = "frequency" followed by "digit"-indication.
Also known as the "Say What You See" sequence.
Only the digits 1, 2 and 3 appear in any term. - Robert G. Wilson v, Jan 22 2004
All terms end with 1 (the seed) and, except the third a(3), begin with 1 or 3. - Jean-Christophe Hervé, May 07 2013
Proof that 333 never appears in any a(n): suppose it appears for the first time in a(n); because of "three 3" in 333, it would imply that 333 is also in a(n-1), which is a contradiction. - Jean-Christophe Hervé, May 09 2013
This sequence is called "suite de Conway" in French (see Wikipédia link). - Bernard Schott, Jan 10 2021
Contrary to many accounts (including an earlier comment on this page), Conway did not invent the sequence. The first mention of the sequence appears to date back to the 1977 International Mathematical Olympiad in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. See the Editor's note on page 4, directly preceding Conway's article in Eureka referenced below. - Harlan J. Brothers, May 03 2024

			The term after 1211 is obtained by saying "one 1, one 2, two 1's", which gives 111221.

John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See p. 208.
S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, section 6.12 Conway's Constant, pp. 452-455.
M. Gilpin, On the generalized Gleichniszahlen-Reihe sequence, Manuscript, Jul 05 1994.
A. Lakhtakia and C. Pickover, Observations on the Gleichniszahlen-Reihe: An Unusual Number Theory Sequence, J. Recreational Math., 25 (No. 3, 1993), 192-198.
Clifford A. Pickover, Computers and the Imagination, St Martin's Press, NY, 1991.
Clifford A. Pickover, Fractal horizons: the future use of fractals, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. ISBN 0312125992. Chapter 7 has an extensive description of the elements and their properties.
C. A. Pickover, The Math Book, Sterling, NY, 2009; see p. 486.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, 1999, p. 23.
I. Vardi, Computational Recreations in Mathematica. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA, 1991, p. 4.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..25
Henry Bottomley, Evolution of Conway's 92 Look and Say audioactive elements.
Éric Brier, Rémi Géraud-Stewart, David Naccache, Alessandro Pacco, and Emanuele Troiani, Stuttering Conway Sequences Are Still Conway Sequences, arXiv:2006.06837 [math.DS], 2020.
Éric Brier, Rémi Géraud-Stewart, David Naccache, Alessandro Pacco, and Emanuele Troiani, The Look-and-Say The Biggest Sequence Eventually Cycles, arXiv:2006.07246 [math.DS], 2020.
Onno M. Cain and Sela T. Enin, Inventory Loops (i.e. Counting Sequences) have Pre-period 2 max S_1 + 60, arXiv:2004.00209 [math.NT], 2020.
Ben Chen, Richard Chen, Joshua Guo, Tanya Khovanova, Shane Lee, Neil Malur, Nastia Polina, Poonam Sahoo, Anuj Sakarda, Nathan Sheffield, and Armaan Tipirneni, On Base 3/2 and its Sequences, arXiv:1808.04304 [math.NT], 2018.
J. H. Conway, The weird and wonderful chemistry of audioactive decay, Eureka 46 (1986) 5-16.
J. H. Conway, The weird and wonderful chemistry of audioactive decay, in T. M. Cover and Gopinath, eds., Open Problems in Communication and Computation, Springer, NY 1987, pp. 173-188.
J. H. Conway and Brady Haran, Look-and-Say Numbers (2014), Numberphile video.
S. B. Ekhad and D. Zeilberger, Proof of Conway's Lost Cosmological Theorem, arXiv:math/9808077 [math.CO], 1998.
S. B. Ekhad and D. Zeilberger, Proof of Conway's lost cosmological theorem, Electron. Res. Announc. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 (1997), 78-82.
S. Eliahou and M. J. Erickson, Mutually describing multisets and integer partitions, Discrete Mathematics, Volume 313, Issue 4, Feb 28 2013, Pages 422-433. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jan 03 2013
S. R. Finch, Conway's Constant [From the Wayback Machine]
Steven Finch, The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, founded in 1964 by N. J. A. Sloane, A Tribute to John Horton Conway, The Mathematical Intelligencer (2021) Vol. 43, 146-147.
X. Gourdon and B. Salvy, Effective asymptotics of linear recurrences with rational coefficients, Discrete Mathematics, vol. 153, no. 1-3, 1996, pages 145-163. See p. 161.
M. Hilgemeier, Die Gleichniszahlen-Reihe, in Bild der Wissenschaft, 12 (1986), 194-195, with permission from the Konradin Medien GmbH.
M. Hilgemeier, One metaphor fits all, in Fractal Horizons, ed. C. A Pickover, St. Martins, NY, 1996, pp. 137-161.
R. A. Litherland, Conway's Cosmological Theorem (Overview).
R. A. Litherland, Conway's Cosmological Theorem, 12 pages, Apr 14 2006 (pdf file).
R. A. Litherland, Programs for Conway's Cosmological Theorem, (gzipped tar ball).
R. A. Litherland, The audioactive package.
M. Lothaire, Algebraic Combinatorics on Words, Cambridge, 2002, see p. 37, etc.
MacTutor History of Mathematics, John H. Conway
O. Martin, Look-and-Say Biochemistry: Exponential RNA and Multistranded DNA, Amer. Math. Monthly, 113 (No. 4, 2006), 289-307. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Feb 19 2013
Thomas Morrill, Look, Knave, arXiv:2004.06414 [math.CO], 2020.
Paulo Ortolan, Java program for A005150.
Matt Parker, Can you trust an elegant conjecture?, Stand-Up Maths, 2022, video.
Rosetta Code, Look and say sequence programs in over 60 languages.
J. Sauerberg and L. Shu, The long and the short on counting sequences, Amer. Math. Monthly, 104 (1997), 306-317.
T. Sillke, Conway sequence.
L. J. Upton, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 08 1991.
Kevin Watkins, Abstract Interpretation Using Laziness: Proving Conway's Lost Cosmological Theorem.
Kevin Watkins, Proving Conway's Lost Cosmological Theorem, POP seminar talk, CMU, Dec 2006.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Look and Say Sequence.
Wikipedia, Look-and-say sequence.
Wikipédia, Suite de Conway.
W. W. Zadrozny, Abstraction, Reasoning and Deep Learning: A Study of the "Look and Say" Sequence, arXiv:2109.12755 [cs.AI], 2022.
Julia Witte Zimmerman, Denis Hudon, Kathryn Cramer, Jonathan St. Onge, Mikaela Fudolig, Milo Z. Trujillo, Christopher M. Danforth, and Peter Sheridan Dodds, A blind spot for large language models: Supradiegetic linguistic information, arXiv:2306.06794 [cs.CL], 2023.
Julia Witte Zimmerman, Denis Hudon, Kathryn Cramer, Alejandro J. Ruiz, Calla Beauregard, Ashley Fehr, Mikaela Irene Fudolig, Bradford Demarest, Yoshi Meke Bird, Milo Z. Trujillo, Christopher M. Danforth, and Peter Sheridan Dodds, Tokens, the oft-overlooked appetizer: Large language models, the distributional hypothesis, and meaning, arXiv:2412.10924 [cs.CL], 2024. See pp. 21, 28.

Cf. A001155, A006751, A006715, A001140, A001141, A001143, A001145, A001151, A001154, A007651, A060857.
Cf. A001387, Periodic table: A119566.
Cf. A225224, A221646, A225212 (continuous versions).
Apart from the first term, all terms are in A001637.
About digits: A005341 (number of digits), A022466 (number of 1's), A022467 (number of 2's), A022468 (number of 3's), A004977 (sum of digits), A253677 (product of digits).
About primes: A079562 (number of distinct prime factors), A100108 (terms that are primes), A334132 (smallest prime factor).
Cf. A014715 (Conway's constant), A098097 (terms interpreted as written in base 4).

import List
say :: Integer -> Integer
say = read . concatMap saygroup . group . show
where saygroup s = (show $ length s) ++ [head s]
look_and_say :: [Integer]
look_and_say = 1 : map say look_and_say
-- Josh Triplett (josh(AT)freedesktop.org), Jan 03 2007

a005150 = foldl1 (\v d -> 10 * v + d) . map toInteger . a034002_row
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 09 2012

Java
```
See Paulo Ortolan link.
```

RunLengthEncode[ x_List ] := (Through[ {First, Length}[ #1 ] ] &) /@ Split[ x ]; LookAndSay[ n_, d_:1 ] := NestList[ Flatten[ Reverse /@ RunLengthEncode[ # ] ] &, {d}, n - 1 ]; F[ n_ ] := LookAndSay[ n, 1 ][ [ n ] ]; Table[ FromDigits[ F[ n ] ], {n, 1, 15} ]
A005150[1] := 1; A005150[n_] := A005150[n] = FromDigits[Flatten[{Length[#], First[#]}&/@Split[IntegerDigits[A005150[n-1]]]]]; Map[A005150, Range[25]] (* Peter J. C. Moses, Mar 21 2013 *)

A005150(n,a=1)={ while(n--, my(c=1); for(j=2,#a=Vec(Str(a)), if( a[j-1]==a[j], a[j-1]=""; c++, a[j-1]=Str(c,a[j-1]); c=1)); a[#a]=Str(c,a[#a]); a=concat(a)); a }  \\ M. F. Hasler, Jun 30 2011

$str="1"; for (1 .. shift(@ARGV)) { print($str, ","); @a = split(//,$str); $str=""; $nd=shift(@a); while (defined($nd)) { $d=$nd; $cnt=0; while (defined($nd) && ($nd eq $d)) { $cnt++; $nd = shift(@a); } $str .= $cnt.$d; } } print($str);
# Jeff Quilici (jeff(AT)quilici.com), Aug 12 2003

# This outputs the first n elements of the sequence, where n is given on the command line.
$s = 1;
for (2..shift @ARGV) {
print "$s, ";
$s =~ s/(.)\1*/(length $&).$1/eg;
}
# Arne 'Timwi' Heizmann (timwi(AT)gmx.net), Mar 12 2008
print "$s\n";

def A005150(n):
    p = "1"
    seq = [1]
    while (n > 1):
        q = ''
        idx = 0 # Index
        l = len(p) # Length
        while idx < l:
            start = idx
            idx = idx + 1
            while idx < l and p[idx] == p[start]:
                idx = idx + 1
            q = q + str(idx-start) + p[start]
        n, p = n - 1, q
        seq.append(int(p))
    return seq
# Olivier Mengue (dolmen(AT)users.sourceforge.net), Jul 01 2005

def A005150(n):
    seq = [1] + [None] * (n - 1) # allocate entire array space
    def say(s):
        acc = '' # initialize accumulator
        while len(s) > 0:
            i = 0
            c = s[0] # char of first run
            while (i < len(s) and s[i] == c): # scan first digit run
                i += 1
            acc += str(i) + c # append description of first run
            if i == len(s):
                break # done
            else:
                s = s[i:] # trim leading run of digits
        return acc
    for i in range(1, n):
        seq[i] = int(say(str(seq[i-1])))
    return seq
# E. Johnson (ejohnso9(AT)earthlink.net), Mar 31 2008

# program without string operations
def sign(n): return int(n > 0)
def say(a):
    r = 0
    p = 0
    while a > 0:
        c = 3 - sign((a % 100) % 11) - sign((a % 1000) % 111)
        r += (10 * c + (a % 10)) * 10**(2*p)
        a //= 10**c
        p += 1
    return r
a = 1
for i in range(1, 26):
    print(i, a)
    a = say(a)
# Volker Diels-Grabsch, Aug 18 2013

import re
def lookandsay(limit, sequence = 1):
    if limit > 1:
        return lookandsay(limit-1, "".join([str(len(match.group()))+match.group()[0] for matchNum, match in enumerate(re.finditer(r"(\w)\1*", str(sequence)))]))
    else:
        return sequence
# lookandsay(3) --> 21
# Nicola Vanoni, Nov 29 2016

import itertools
x = "1"
for i in range(20):
    print(x)
    x = ''.join(str(len(list(g)))+k for k,g in itertools.groupby(x))
# Matthew Cotton, Nov 12 2019

a(n+1) = A045918(a(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 09 2012
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..A005341(n)} A034002(n,k)*10^(A005341(n)-k). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 15 2012
a(n) = A004086(A007651(n)). - Bernard Schott, Jan 08 2021
A055642(a(n+1)) = A005341(n+1) = 2*A043562(a(n)). - Ya-Ping Lu, Jan 28 2025
Conjecture: DC(a(n)) ~ k * (Conway's constant)^n where k is approximately 1.021... and DC denotes the number of digit changes in the decimal representation of n (e.g., DC(13112221)=4 because 1->3, 3-1, 1->2, 2->1). - Bill McEachen, May 09 2025
Conjecture: lim_{n->infinity} (c2+c3-c1)/(c1+c2+c3) = 0.01 approximately, where ci is the number of appearances of 'i' in a(n). - Ya-Ping Lu, Jun 05 2025

A007500 Primes whose reversal in base 10 is also prime (called "palindromic primes" by David Wells, although that name usually refers to A002385). Also called reversible primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 31, 37, 71, 73, 79, 97, 101, 107, 113, 131, 149, 151, 157, 167, 179, 181, 191, 199, 311, 313, 337, 347, 353, 359, 373, 383, 389, 701, 709, 727, 733, 739, 743, 751, 757, 761, 769, 787, 797, 907, 919, 929, 937, 941, 953, 967, 971, 983, 991, 1009, 1021

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v

The numbers themselves need not be palindromes.
The range is a subset of the range of A071786. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 06 2009
Number of terms less than 10^n: 4, 13, 56, 260, 1759, 11297, 82439, 618017, 4815213, 38434593, ..., . - Robert G. Wilson v, Jan 08 2015

Roozbeh Hazrat, Mathematica: A Problem-Centered Approach, Springer 2010, pp. 39, 131-132
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 113.
David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, 134.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Cécile Dartyge, Bruno Martin, Joël Rivat, Igor E. Shparlinski, and Cathy Swaenepoel, Reversible primes, arXiv:2309.11380 [math.NT], 2023. See p. 3.

Cf. A006567, A007628.
Cf. A002385 (primes that are palindromes in base 10).
Equals A002385 union A006567.
Complement of A076056 with respect to A000040. [From Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 06 2009]
Cf. A004086, A010051, A000040.

a007500 n = a007500_list !! (n-1)
a007500_list = filter ((== 1) . a010051 . a004086) a000040_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 14 2011

[ p: p in PrimesUpTo(1030) | IsPrime(Seqint(Reverse(Intseq(p)))) ];  // Bruno Berselli, Jul 08 2011

revdigs:= proc(n)
local L,nL,i;
L:= convert(n,base,10);
nL:= nops(L);
add(L[i]*10^(nL-i),i=1..nL);
end:
Primes:= select(isprime,{2,seq(2*i+1,i=1..5*10^5)}):
Primes intersect map(revdigs,Primes); # Robert Israel, Aug 14 2014

Select[ Prime[ Range[ 168 ] ], PrimeQ[ FromDigits[ Reverse[ IntegerDigits[ # ] ] ] ]& ] (* Zak Seidov, corrected by T. D. Noe *)
Select[Prime[Range[1000]],PrimeQ[IntegerReverse[#]]&] (* Requires Mathematica version 10 or later *) (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 15 2016 *)

is_A007500(n)={ isprime(n) & is_A095179(n)} \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 13 2012

from sympy import prime, isprime
A007500 = [prime(n) for n in range(1,10**6) if isprime(int(str(prime(n))[::-1]))] # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 14 2014

from gmpy2 import is_prime, mpz
from itertools import count, islice, product
def agen(): # generator of terms
    yield from [2, 3, 5, 7]
    p = 11
    for digits in count(2):
        for first in "1379":
            for mid in product("0123456789", repeat=digits-2):
                for last in "1379":
                    s = first + "".join(mid) + last
                    if is_prime(t:=mpz(s)) and is_prime(mpz(s[::-1])):
                        yield int(t)
print(list(islice(agen(), 60))) # Michael S. Branicky, Jan 02 2025

More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), Oct 31 2000
Added further terms to the sequence Avik Roy (avik_3.1416(AT)yahoo.co.in), Jan 16 2009. Checked by N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 20 2009.
Third reference added by Harvey P. Dale, Oct 17 2011

A056964 a(n) = n + reversal of digits of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121, 132, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121, 132, 143, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110, 121, 132, 143, 154, 66, 77, 88, 99, 110

Offset: 0

Henry Bottomley, Jul 18 2000

If n has an even number of digits then a(n) is a multiple of 11.

Also called the Reverse and Add!, or RADD operation. Iteration of this function leads to the definition of Lychrel and related numbers, cf. A023108, A063048, A088753, A006960, and many others. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 13 2019

			a(17) = 17 + 71 = 88.

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..20000 (first 1001 terms from T. D. Noe)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Reverse-Then-Add Sequence
Index entries for sequences related to Reverse and Add!

Cf. A004086, A056965, A067030.
Differs from A052008 when n=101 and a(101)=202 while A052008(101)=121
Cf. A036839.

a056964 n = n + a004086 n  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 14 2011

Table[n+FromDigits[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n]]],{n,0,100}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 19 2014 *)
#+IntegerReverse[#]&/@Range[0,100] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 31 2025 *)

A056964(n)=fromdigits(Vecrev(digits(n)))+n \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 28 2014

def A056964(n): return n+int(str(n)[::-1]) # Indranil Ghosh, Jan 29 2017

a(n) = n + A004086(n) = 2*n - A056965(n).

n < a(n) < 11n for n > 0. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 17 2022

A023108 Positive integers which apparently never result in a palindrome under repeated applications of the function A056964(x) = x + (x with digits reversed).

Original entry on oeis.org

196, 295, 394, 493, 592, 689, 691, 788, 790, 879, 887, 978, 986, 1495, 1497, 1585, 1587, 1675, 1677, 1765, 1767, 1855, 1857, 1945, 1947, 1997, 2494, 2496, 2584, 2586, 2674, 2676, 2764, 2766, 2854, 2856, 2944, 2946, 2996, 3493, 3495, 3583, 3585, 3673, 3675

Offset: 1

David W. Wilson

196 is conjectured to be smallest initial term which does not lead to a palindrome. John Walker, Tim Irvin and others have extended this to millions of digits without finding one (see A006960).
Also called Lychrel numbers, though the definition of "Lychrel number" varies: Purists only call the "seeds" or "root numbers" Lychrel; the "related" or "extra" numbers (arising in the former's orbit) have been coined "Kin numbers" by Koji Yamashita. There are only 2 "root" Lychrels below 1000 and 3 more below 10000, cf. A088753. - M. F. Hasler, Dec 04 2007
Question: when do numbers in this sequence start to outnumber numbers that are not in the sequence? - J. Lowell, May 15 2014
Answer: according to Doucette's site, 10-digit numbers have 49.61% of Lychrels. So beyond 10 digits, Lychrels start to outnumber non-Lychrels. - Dmitry Kamenetsky, Oct 12 2015
From the current definition it is unclear whether palindromes are excluded from this sequence, cf. A088753 vs A063048. 9999 would be the first palindromic term that will never result in a palindrome when the Reverse-then-add function A056964 is repeatedly applied. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 13 2019

			From _M. F. Hasler_, Feb 16 2020: (Start)
Under the "add reverse" operation, we have:
196 (+ 691) -> 887 (+ 788) -> 1675 (+ 5761) -> 7436 (+ 6347) -> 13783 (+ 38731) -> etc. which apparently never leads to a palindrome.
Similar for 295 (+ 592) -> 887, 394 (+ 493) -> 887, 790 (+ 097) -> 887 and 689 (+ 986) -> 1675, which all merge immediately into the above sequence, and also for the reverse of any of the numbers occurring in these sequences: 493, 592, 691, 788, ...
879 (+ 978) -> 1857 -> 9438 -> 17787 -> 96558 is the only other "root" Lychrel below 1000 which yields a sequence distinct from that of 196. (End)

Daniel Lignon, Dictionnaire de (presque) tous les nombres entiers, Ellipses, Paris, 2012, 702 pages. See Entry 196.

A.H.M. Smeets, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000 (tested for 200 iterations; first 249 terms from William Boyles)
DeCode, Lychrel Number, dCode.fr 'toolkit' to solve games, riddles, geocaches, 2020.
Jason Doucette, World Records
Martianus Frederic Ezerman, Bertrand Meyer and Patrick Sole, On Polynomial Pairs of Integers, arXiv:1210.7593 [math.NT], 2012-2014.
Patrick De Geest, Some thematic websources
James Grime and Brady Haran, What's special about 196?, Numberphile video (2015).
Fred Gruenberger, How to handle numbers with thousands of digits, and why one might want to, Computer Recreations, Scientific American, 250 (No. 4, 1984), 19-26.
R. K. Guy, What's left?, Math Horizons, Vol. 5, No. 4 (April 1998), pp. 5-7.
Tim Irvin, About Two Months of Computing, or An Addendum to Mr. Walker's Three Years of Computing
Niphawan Phoopha and Prapanpong Pongsriiam, Notes on 1089 and a Variation of the Kaprekar Operator, Int'l J. Math. Comp. Sci. (2021) Vol. 16, No. 4, 1599-1606.
Project Euler, Problem 55: How many Lychrel numbers are there below ten-thousand?
A.H.M. Smeets, Distribution of terms < 10000000 (number of terms in interval of length 10000)
Wade VanLandingham, 196 and other Lychrel numbers
Wade VanLandingham, Largest known Lychrel number
John Walker, Three Years Of Computing: Final Report On The Palindrome Quest
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, 196 Algorithm.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Palindromic Number Conjecture
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lychrel Number
Index entries for sequences related to Reverse and Add!

Cf. A006960, A088753, A063048, A089694, A089521, A023109; A075421, A030547.

Cf. A056964 ("reverse and add" operation on which this is based).

With[{lim = 10^3}, Select[Range@ 4000, Length@ NestWhileList[# + IntegerReverse@ # &, #, ! PalindromeQ@ # &, 1, lim] == lim + 1 &]] (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 23 2017 *)

select( {is_A023108(n, L=exponent(n+1)*5)=while(L--&& n*2!=n+=A004086(n),);!L}, [1..3999]) \\ with {A004086(n)=fromdigits(Vecrev(digits(n)))}; default value for search limit L chosen according to known records A065199 and indices A065198. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 13 2019, edited Feb 16 2020

Edited by M. F. Hasler, Dec 04 2007

A136522 a(n) = 1 if n is a palindrome, otherwise 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 21 2008

a(A002113(n)) = 1; a(A029742(n)) = 0.

a(n) = A202022(n) for n <= 100, a(101) = 1, A202022(101) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 10 2011

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Index entries for characteristic functions
Index entries for sequences related to palindromes

Cf. A002113, A136687, A137180.

Cf. A178225.

a136522 n = fromEnum $ n == a004086 n  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 08 2011

fQ[n_]:=Module[{id=IntegerDigits[n]}, Boole[id==Reverse[id]]]; Array[fQ, 100] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Dec 29 2010 *)
Table[If[PalindromeQ[n],1,0],{n,0,120}] (* Requires Mathematica version 10 or later *) (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 23 2019 *)

def A136522(n): return int((s:=str(n))[:(t:=(len(s)+1)//2)]==s[:-t-1:-1]) # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 23 2022

a(n) = if A004086(n) = n then 1 else 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 08 2011

a(n) = A000007(A064834(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 18 2013

A006960 Reverse and Add! sequence starting with 196.

Original entry on oeis.org

196, 887, 1675, 7436, 13783, 52514, 94039, 187088, 1067869, 10755470, 18211171, 35322452, 60744805, 111589511, 227574622, 454050344, 897100798, 1794102596, 8746117567, 16403234045, 70446464506, 130992928913, 450822227944, 900544455998, 1800098901007, 8801197801088, 17602285712176

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

196 is conjectured to be the smallest initial term which does not lead to a palindrome. John Walker, Tim Irvin and others have extended the trajectory of 196 to millions of digits without finding a palindrome.
From A.H.M. Smeets, Jan 31 2019: (Start)
Palindromes for a(9)/2, a(14)/2 and a(20)/2.
Observed: It seems that most, but not all, Lychrel numbers (seeds given in A063048) have a trajectory term that, divided by 2, becomes palindromic. Note that 196 is the first Lychrel number (A063048(1)). (End)
Observed: On average, 0.414 digits are gained by each step of the reverse and add procedure; i.e., 2.416 steps are needed on average to gain a factor of 10. This holds for any trajectory of reverse and add for decimal number representation. - A.H.M. Smeets, Feb 03 2019

			From _M. F. Hasler_, Apr 13 2019: (Start)
Start with 196 = a(0), then:
A056964(196) = 196 + 691 = 887 = a(1); then:
A056964(887) = 887 + 788 = 1675 = a(2); then:
A056964(1675) = 1675 + 5761 = 7436 = a(3); then:
A056964(7436) = 7436 + 6347 = 13783 = a(4); then:
A056964(13783) = 13783 + 38731 = 52514 = a(5); etc. (End)

J.-M. De Koninck, Ces nombres qui nous fascinent, Entry 196, p. 58, Ellipses, Paris 2008.
D. H. Lehmer, "Sujets d'étude. No. 74," Sphinx (Bruxelles), 8 (1938), 12-13. (This is the currently earliest known reference to the 196 Problem). - James D. Klein, Apr 09 2012
Daniel Lignon, Dictionnaire de (presque) tous les nombres entiers, Ellipses, Paris, 2012, 702 pages. See Entry 196.
Clifford A. Pickover, A Passion for Mathematics, Wiley, 2005; see p. 70.
Popular Computing (Calabasas, CA), The 196 Problem, Vol. 3 (No. 30, Sep 1975), pages PC30-6 to PC30-9.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe and Michael Lee, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2390 (T. D. Noe supplied terms 0 to 200)
Patrick De Geest, Some thematic websources
Jason Doucette, World Records
Martianus Frederic Ezerman, Bertrand Meyer and Patrick Solé, On Polynomial Pairs of Integers, arXiv:1210.7593 [math.NT], 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Nov 08 2012
Felix Fröhlich, C++ program for this sequence
Fred Gruenberger, How to handle numbers with thousands of digits, and why one might want to, Computer Recreations, Scientific American, 250 (No. 4, 1984), 19-26.
R. K. Guy, What's left?, Math Horizons, Vol. 5, No. 4 (April 1998), pp. 5-7.
Tim Irvin, About Two Months of Computing, or An Addendum to Mr. Walker's Three Years of Computing
Madras Math's Amazing Number Facts, The Ultimate Palindrome
I. Peter, More trajectories
Wade VanLandingham, 196 and Other Lychrel Numbers
John Walker, Three Years Of Computing: Final Report On The Palindrome Quest
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, 196-Algorithm.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Palindromic Number Conjecture.
Index entries for sequences related to Reverse and Add!

Cf. A023108, A023109, A033665, A016016, A056964, A004086.

a006960 n = a006960_list !! n
a006960_list = iterate a056964 196 -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 22 2011

a:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=0, 196, (h-> h+ (s->
      parse(cat(s[-i]$i=1..length(s))))(""||h))(a(n-1)))
    end:
seq(a(n), n=0..40);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 25 2014

a = {196}; For[i = 2, i < 26, i++, a = Append[a, a[[i - 1]] + ToExpression[ StringReverse[ToString[a[[i - 1]]]]]]]; a
NestList[#+FromDigits[Reverse[IntegerDigits[#]]]&,196,25] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 05 2011 *)
NestList[#+IntegerReverse[#]&,196,25] (* Requires Mathematica version 10 or later *) (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 04 2019 *)

A006960_vec(N=99)=vector(N,i,N=if(i>1,A056964(N),196)) \\ M. F. Hasler, Apr 13 2019

a(n+1) = A056964(a(n)). - A.H.M. Smeets, Jan 27 2019

More terms from Vit Planocka (planocka(AT)mistral.cz), Sep 28 2002

cp's OEIS Frontend

A383357 Integers m such that R(Sum_{k=1..m} (10^k+k)) is prime, where R is the digit reversal function A004086.

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A002113 Palindromes in base 10.

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A006567 Emirps (primes whose reversal is a different prime).

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A030101 a(n) is the number produced when n is converted to binary digits, the binary digits are reversed and then converted back into a decimal number.

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