A180662 -id:A180662 - cp's OEIS frontend

A035317 Pascal-like triangle associated with A000670.

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 11, 13, 9, 3, 1, 6, 16, 24, 22, 12, 4, 1, 7, 22, 40, 46, 34, 16, 4, 1, 8, 29, 62, 86, 80, 50, 20, 5, 1, 9, 37, 91, 148, 166, 130, 70, 25, 5, 1, 10, 46, 128, 239, 314, 296, 200, 95, 30, 6, 1, 11, 56, 174, 367, 553, 610, 496, 295, 125

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

From Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011: (Start)
The triangle sums, see A180662 for their definitions, link this "Races with Ties" triangle with several sequences, see the crossrefs. Observe that the Kn4 sums lead to the golden rectangle numbers A001654 and that the Fi1 and Fi2 sums lead to the Jacobsthal sequence A001045.
The series expansion of G(x, y) = 1/((y*x-1)*(y*x+1)*((y+1)*x-1)) as function of x leads to this sequence, see the second Maple program. (End)
T(2n,k) = the number of hatted frog arrangements with k frogs on the 2xn grid. See the linked paper "Frogs, hats and common subsequences". - Chris Cox, Apr 12 2024

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  2,  2;
  1,  3,  4,   2;
  1,  4,  7,   6,   3;
  1,  5, 11,  13,   9,   3;
  1,  6, 16,  24,  22,  12,   4;
  1,  7, 22,  40,  46,  34,  16,   4;
  1,  8, 29,  62,  86,  80,  50,  20,  5;
  1,  9, 37,  91, 148, 166, 130,  70, 25,  5;
  1, 10, 46, 128, 239, 314, 296, 200, 95, 30, 6;
  ...

Vincenzo Librandi, Rows n = 0..100, flattened
Joseph Briggs, Alex Parker, Coy Schwieder, and Chris Wells, Frogs, hats and common subsequences, arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.07285 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 28.
A. Hlavác, M. Marvan, Nonlocal conservation laws of the constant astigmatism equation, arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.06861 [nlin.SI], 2016.
E. Mendelson, Races with Ties, Math. Mag. 55 (1982), 170-175.
Index entries for triangles and arrays related to Pascal's triangle

Row sums are A000975, diagonal sums are A080239.
Central terms are A014300.
Similar to the triangles A059259, A080242, A108561, A112555.
Cf. A059260.
Triangle sums (see the comments): A000975 (Row1), A059841 (Row2), A080239 (Kn11), A052952 (Kn21), A129696 (Kn22), A001906 (Kn3), A001654 (Kn4), A001045 (Fi1, Fi2), A023435 (Ca2), Gi2 (A193146), A190525 (Ze2), A193147 (Ze3), A181532 (Ze4). - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011
Cf. A181971.

a035317 n k = a035317_tabl !! n !! k
a035317_row n = a035317_tabl !! n
a035317_tabl = map snd $ iterate f (0, [1]) where
   f (i, row) = (1 - i, zipWith (+) ([0] ++ row) (row ++ [i]))
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 09 2012

A035317 := proc(n,k): add((-1)^(i+k) * binomial(i+n-k+1, i), i=0..k) end: seq(seq(A035317(n,k), k=0..n), n=0..10); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011
A035317 := proc(n,k): coeff(coeftayl(1/((y*x-1)*(y*x+1)*((y+1)*x-1)), x=0, n), y, k) end: seq(seq(A035317(n,k), k=0..n), n=0..10); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011

t[n_, k_] := (-1)^k*(((-1)^k*(n+2)!*Hypergeometric2F1[1, n+3, k+2, -1])/((k+1)!*(n-k+1)!) + 2^(k-n-2)); Flatten[ Table[ t[n, k], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 14 2011, after Johannes W. Meijer *)

{T(n,k)=if(n==k,(n+2)\2,if(k==0,1,if(n>k,T(n-1,k-1)+T(n-1,k))))}
for(n=0,12,for(k=0,n,print1(T(n,k),","));print("")) \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jul 18 2012

def A035317_row(n):
    @cached_function
    def prec(n, k):
        if k==n: return 1
        if k==0: return 0
        return -prec(n-1,k-1)-sum(prec(n,k+i-1) for i in (2..n-k+1))
    return [(-1)^k*prec(n+2, k) for k in (1..n)]
for n in (1..11): print(A035317_row(n)) # Peter Luschny, Mar 16 2016

T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-2j, k-2j). - Paul Barry, Feb 11 2003
From Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 20 2011: (Start)
T(n, k) = Sum_{i=0..k}((-1)^(i+k) * binomial(i+n-k+1,i)). (Mendelson)
T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-1, k) with T(n, 0) = 1 and T(n, n) = floor(n/2) + 1. (Mendelson)
Sum_{k = 0..n}((-1)^k * (n-k+1)^n * T(n, k)) = A000670(n). (Mendelson)
T(n, n-k) = A128176(n, k); T(n+k, n-k) = A158909(n, k); T(2*n-k, k) = A092879(n, k). (End)
T(2*n+1,n) = A014301(n+1); T(2*n+1,n+1) = A026641(n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 19 2012

More terms from James Sellers

A103609 Fibonacci numbers repeated (cf. A000045).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 8, 8, 13, 13, 21, 21, 34, 34, 55, 55, 89, 89, 144, 144, 233, 233, 377, 377, 610, 610, 987, 987, 1597, 1597, 2584, 2584, 4181, 4181, 6765, 6765, 10946, 10946, 17711, 17711, 28657, 28657, 46368, 46368, 75025, 75025, 121393

Offset: 0

Roger L. Bagula, Mar 24 2005

The usual policy in the OEIS is not to include such "doubled" sequences. This is an exception. - N. J. A. Sloane

The Gi2 sums, see A180662, of triangle A065941 equal the terms of this sequence without the two leading zeros. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 16 2011

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
N. J. A. Sloane, 2178 And All That, Fib. Quart., 52 (2014), 99-120.
N. J. A. Sloane, 2178 And All That [Local copy]
I. Wloch, U. Bednarz, D. Bród, A Wloch and M. Wolowiec-Musial, On a new type of distance Fibonacci numbers, Discrete Applied Math., Volume 161, Issues 16-17, November 2013, Pages 2695-2701.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,1,0,1).

Partial sums: A094707.

Cf. A000045, A065941, A180662, A214927.

[Fibonacci(Floor(n/2)): n in [0..60]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 22 2024

A103609 := proc(n): combinat[fibonacci](floor(n/2)) ; end proc: seq(A103609(n), n=0..52); # Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 16 2011

a[0] = 0; a[1] = 0; a[2] = 1; a[3] = 1; a[n_Integer?Positive] := a[n] = a[n - 2] + a[n - 4]; aa = Table[a[n], {n, 0, 200}]
Join[{0, 0}, LinearRecurrence[{0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, 60]] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jan 19 2016 *)
With[{fibs=Fibonacci[Range[0,30]]},Riffle[fibs,fibs]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 11 2025 *)

a(n)=fibonacci(n\2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 07 2015

my(x='x+O('x^50)); Vec(x^2*(1+x)/(1-x^2-x^4)) \\ G. C. Greubel, May 01 2017

[fibonacci(n//2) for n in range(61)] # G. C. Greubel, Oct 22 2024

a(n) = a(n-2) + a(n-4).
G.f.: x^2*(1+x)/(1-x^2-x^4). - R. J. Mathar, Sep 27 2008
a(n) = A000045(floor(n/2)). - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 16 2011

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 01 2006

Incorrect formula deleted by Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 16 2011

A034943 Binomial transform of Padovan sequence A000931.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 12, 28, 65, 151, 351, 816, 1897, 4410, 10252, 23833, 55405, 128801, 299426, 696081, 1618192, 3761840, 8745217, 20330163, 47261895, 109870576, 255418101, 593775046, 1380359512, 3208946545

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Trisection of the Padovan sequence: a(n) = A000931(3n). - Paul Barry, Jul 06 2004
a(n+1) gives diagonal sums of Riordan array (1/(1-x),x/(1-x)^3). - Paul Barry, Oct 11 2005
a(n+2) is the sum, over all Boolean n-strings, of the product of the lengths of the runs of 1. For example, the Boolean 7-string (0,1,1,0,1,1,1) has two runs of 1s. Their lengths, 2 and 3, contribute a product of 6 to a(9). The 8 Boolean 3-strings contribute to a(5) as follows: 000 (empty product), 001, 010, 100, 101 all contribute 1, 011 and 110 contribute 2, 111 contributes 3. - David Callan, Nov 29 2007
[a(n), a(n+1), a(n+2)], n > 0, = [0,1,0; 0,0,1; 1,-2,3]^n * [1,1,1]. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 27 2008
Without the initial 1 and 1: 1, 2, 5, 12, 28, this is also the transform of 1 by the T_{1,0} transformation; see Choulet link. - Richard Choulet, Apr 11 2009
Without the first 1: transform of 1 by T_{0,0} transformation (see Choulet link). - Richard Choulet, Apr 11 2009
Starting (1, 2, 5, 12, ...) = INVERT transform of (1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...) and row sums of triangle A159974. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 28 2009
a(n+1) is also the number of 321-avoiding separable permutations. (A permutation is separable if it avoids both 2413 and 3142.) - Vince Vatter, Sep 21 2009
a(n+1) is an eigensequence of the sequence array for (1,1,2,3,4,5,...). - Paul Barry, Nov 03 2010
Equals the INVERTi transform of A055588: (1, 2, 4, 9, 22, 56, ...) - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 01 2011
The Ca3 sums, see A180662, of triangle A194005 equal the terms of this sequence without a(0) and a(1). - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 16 2011
Without the initial 1, a(n) = row sums of A182097(n)*A007318(n,k); i.e., a Triangular array T(n,k) multiplying the binomial (Pascal's) triangle by the Padovan sequence where a(0) = 1, a(1) = 0 and a(2) = 1. - Bob Selcoe, Jun 28 2013
a(n+1) is the top left entry of the n-th power of any of the 3 X 3 matrices [1, 1, 1; 0, 1, 1; 1, 0, 1] or [1, 1, 0; 1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 1] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 0; 0, 1, 1] or [1, 0, 1; 1, 1, 0; 1, 1, 1]. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 03 2014
a(n) is the top left entry of the n-th power of the 3 X 3 matrix [1, 0, 1; 1, 1, 1; 0, 1, 1] or of the 3 X 3 matrix [1, 1, 0; 0, 1, 1; 1, 1, 1]. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 03 2014
Number of sequences (e(1), ..., e(n-1)), 0 <= e(i) < i, such that there is no triple i < j < k with e(i) != e(j) < e(k) and e(i) <= e(k). [Martinez and Savage, 2.8] - Eric M. Schmidt, Jul 17 2017
a(n+1) is the number of words of length n over the alphabet {0,1,2} that do not contain the substrings 01 or 12 and do not start with a 2 and do not end with a 0. - Yiseth K. Rodríguez C., Sep 11 2020

			G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 5*x^4 + 12*x^5 + 28*x^6 + 65*x^7 + 151*x^8 + ...

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Miklos Bona and Rebecca Smith, Pattern avoidance in permutations and their squares, arXiv:1901.00026 [math.CO], 2018. See H(z), Ex. 4.1.
Richard Choulet, Curtz like Transformation
Michael Dairyko, Samantha Tyner, Lara Pudwell, and Casey Wynn, Non-contiguous pattern avoidance in binary trees, Electron. J. Combin. 19 (2012), no. 3, Paper 22, 21 pp. MR2967227. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Feb 01 2013
Stoyan Dimitrov, Sorting by shuffling methods and a queue, arXiv:2103.04332 [math.CO], 2021.
Phan Thuan Do, Thi Thu Huong Tran, and Vincent Vajnovszki, Exhaustive generation for permutations avoiding a (colored) regular sets of patterns, arXiv:1809.00742 [cs.DM], 2018.
Brian Hopkins and Hua Wang, Restricted Color n-color Compositions, arXiv:2003.05291 [math.CO], 2020.
Jia Huang and Erkko Lehtonen, Associative-commutative spectra for some varieties of groupoids, arXiv:2401.15786 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 18.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 904
H. Magnusson and H. Ulfarsson, Algorithms for discovering and proving theorems about permutation patterns, arXiv preprint arXiv:1211.7110 [math.CO], 2012.
Megan A. Martinez and Carla D. Savage, Patterns in Inversion Sequences II: Inversion Sequences Avoiding Triples of Relations, arXiv:1609.08106 [math.CO], 2016
Vincent Vatter, Finding regular insertion encodings for permutation classes, arXiv:0911.2683 [math.CO], 2009.
Chunyan Yan and Zhicong Lin, Inversion sequences avoiding pairs of patterns, arXiv:1912.03674 [math.CO], 2019.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-2,1).

First differences of A052921.
Cf. A000931, A007318, A055588, A095263, A097550.
Cf. A137531, A159974, A182097, A185963, A194005.

[n le 3 select 1 else 3*Self(n-1)-2*Self(n-2)+Self(n-3): n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 14 2012

A034943 := proc(n): add(binomial(n+k-1, 3*k), k=0..floor(n/2)) end: seq(A034943(n), n=0..28); # Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 16 2011

LinearRecurrence[{3,-2,1},{1,1,1},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 11 2017 *)

{a(n) = if( n<1, n = 0-n; polcoeff( (1 - x + x^2) / (1 - 2*x + 3*x^2 - x^3) + x * O(x^n), n), n = n-1; polcoeff( (1 - x + x^2) / (1 - 3*x + 2*x^2 - x^3) + x * O(x^n), n))} /* Michael Somos, Mar 31 2012 */

@CachedFunction
def a(n): # a = A034943
    if (n<3): return 1
    else: return 3*a(n-1) - 2*a(n-2) + a(n-3)
[a(n) for n in range(51)] # G. C. Greubel, Apr 22 2023

a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 2*a(n-2) + a(n-3).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n+k-1, 3*k). - Paul Barry, Jul 06 2004
G.f.: (1 - 2*x)/(1 - 3*x + 2*x^2 - x^3). - Paul Barry, Jul 06 2005
G.f.: 1 + x / (1 - x / (1 - x / (1 - x / (1 + x / (1 - x))))). - Michael Somos, Mar 31 2012
a(-1 - n) = A185963(n). - Michael Somos, Mar 31 2012
a(n) = A095263(n) - 2*A095263(n-1). - G. C. Greubel, Apr 22 2023

Edited by Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 20 2010

A075427 a(0) = 1; a(n) = a(n-1)+1 if n is even, otherwise a(n) = 2*a(n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 15, 30, 31, 62, 63, 126, 127, 254, 255, 510, 511, 1022, 1023, 2046, 2047, 4094, 4095, 8190, 8191, 16382, 16383, 32766, 32767, 65534, 65535, 131070, 131071, 262142, 262143, 524286, 524287, 1048574, 1048575, 2097150, 2097151, 4194302, 4194303, 8388606

Offset: 0

Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 15 2002

Fixed points for permutations A180200, A180201, A180198, and A180199. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2010

The Kn22 sums, see A180662, of triangle A194005 equal the terms of this sequence. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 16 2011

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
R. Hinze, Concrete stream calculus: An extended study, J. Funct. Progr. 20 (5-6) (2010) 463-535, doi.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,3,0,-2).

Cf. A075426, A066880, A083416, A000225 (bisection), A000918 (bisection).

Cf. A180198, A180199, A180200, A180201, A180662, A194005.

a075427 n = a075427_list !! n
a075427_list = 1 : f 1 1 where
   f x y = z : f (x + 1) z where z = (1 + x `mod` 2) * y + 1 - x `mod` 2
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 27 2012

[2^Floor((n+3)/2)-3/2+(-1)^n/2: n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 17 2011

A075427 := proc(n) if type(n,'even') then 2^(n/2+1)-1 ; else 2^(1+(n+1)/2)-2 ; end if; end proc: seq(A075427(n), n=0..40); # R. J. Mathar, Feb 18 2011
isA := proc(n) convert(n, base, 2): 1 - %[1] = nops(%) - add(%) end:
select(isA, [$1..4095]); # Peter Luschny, Oct 27 2022

a[0]=1; a[n_]:=a[n]=If[EvenQ[n],a[n-1]+1,2*a[n-1]]; Table[a[n],{n,0,40}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 20 2011 *)
nxt[{n_,a_}]:={n+1,If[OddQ[n],a+1,2a]}; Transpose[NestList[nxt,{0,1},40]][[2]] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{0,3,0,-2},{1,2,3,6},50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 12 2016 *)

a(n)=2^((n+3)\2)-3/2+(-1)^n/2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 06 2017

def A075427(n): return (1<<(n>>1)+2)-2 if n&1 else (1<<(n>>1)+1)-1 # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 23 2023

a(0) = 1; for n >= 1, a(2*n) = 2^(n+1)-1, a(2*n-1) = 2^(n+1)-2; a(n) = 2^floor((n+3)/2) - 3/2 + (-1)^n/2. - Benoit Cloitre, Sep 17 2002 [corrected by Robert FERREOL, Jan 26 2011]
a(n) = (-1)^n/2 - 3/2 + 2^(n/2)*(1 + sqrt(2) + (1-sqrt(2))*(-1)^n). - Paul Barry, Apr 22 2004
From Paul Barry, Jul 30 2004: (Start)
Interleaved Mersenne numbers: interleaves 2*2^n-1 and 2(2*2^n-1) (A000225(n+1) and 2*A000225(n+1)).
G.f.: (1+2*x)/((1-x^2)*(1-2*x^2));
a(n) = 3*a(n-2) - 2*a(n-4);
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(floor((n+1)/2), floor((k+1)/2)). (End)
For n > 0: a(n) = (1 + n mod 2) * a(n-1) + 1 - (n mod 2). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 27 2012
E.g.f.: 2*(cosh(sqrt(2)*x) - sinh(x) + sqrt(2)*sinh(sqrt(2)*x)) - cosh(x). - Stefano Spezia, Jul 11 2023
From Alois P. Heinz, Dec 27 2023: (Start)
a(n) = 2^floor((n+3)/2)-1-(n mod 2).
a(n) = A066880(n) for n>=1. (End)

Formulae corrected and minor edits by Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 16 2011

A087960 a(n) = (-1)^binomial(n+1,2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1

Offset: 0

W. Edwin Clark, Sep 17 2003

Period 4: repeat [1, -1, -1, 1]. - Joerg Arndt, Feb 14 2016

Also equal to the sign of product(j-i, 1<=j

Hankel transform of A097331, A097332. [Paul Barry, Aug 10 2009]

The Kn22 sums, see A180662, of triangle A108299 equal the terms of this sequence. [Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 14 2011]

			a(1) = -1 since (-1)^binomial(2,2) = (-1)^1 = -1.
G.f. = 1 - x - x^2 + x^3 + x^4 - x^5 - x^6 + x^7 + x^8 - x^9 - x^10 + ...

I. S. Gradstein and I. M. Ryshik, Tables of series, products, and integrals, Volume 1, Verlag Harri Deutsch, 1981.

Gary Detlefs and Wolfdieter Lang, Improved Formula for the Multi-Section of the Linear Three-Term Recurrence Sequence, arXiv:2304.12937 [math.CO], 2023.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,-1).

Cf. A000217, A021913, A057077, A097331, A097332, A108299, A111125, A180662.

a087960 n = (-1) ^ (n * (n + 1) `div` 2)
a087960_list = cycle [1,-1,-1,1]  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 15 2015

[(-1)^Binomial(n+1,2) : n in [0..100]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 07 2016

A087960:=n->(-1)^binomial(n+1,2): seq(A087960(n), n=0..100); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 07 2016

(-1)^Binomial[Range[0,110],2] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{0,-1},{1,1},110] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 07 2014 *)
a[ n_] := (-1)^(n (n + 1) / 2); (* Michael Somos, Jul 20 2015 *)
a[ n_] := (-1)^Quotient[ n + 1, 2]; (* Michael Somos, Jul 20 2015 *)

{a(n) = (-1)^((n + 1)\2)}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 20 2015 */

def A087960(n): return -1 if n+1&2 else 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Jan 31 2023

a(n) = (-1)^A000217(n).
a(n) = (-1)^floor((n+1)/2). - Benoit Cloitre and Ray Chandler, Sep 19 2003
G.f.: (1-x)/(1+x^2). - Paul Barry, Aug 10 2009
a(n) = I^(n*(n+1)). - Bruno Berselli, Oct 17 2011
a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} 2*cos(2*k*Pi/(2*n+1)) for n>=0 (for n=0 the empty product is put to 1). See the Gradstein-Ryshik reference, p. 63, 1.396 2. with x = sqrt(-1). - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 22 2013
a(n) + a(n-2) = 0 for n>1, a(n) = a(n-4) for n>3. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 07 2016
E.g.f.: cos(x) - sin(x). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 07 2016
a(n) = Sum_{s=0..n} (-1)^(n-s)*A111125(n, s)*2^s (row polynomials of signed A111125 evaluated at 2). - Wolfdieter Lang, May 02 2021

More terms from Benoit Cloitre and Ray Chandler, Sep 19 2003

Offset and Vandermonde formula corrected by R. J. Mathar, Sep 25 2009

A006484 a(n) = n(n + 1)(n^2 - 3*n + 5)/6.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 10, 30, 75, 161, 308, 540, 885, 1375, 2046, 2938, 4095, 5565, 7400, 9656, 12393, 15675, 19570, 24150, 29491, 35673, 42780, 50900, 60125, 70551, 82278, 95410, 110055, 126325, 144336, 164208, 186065, 210035, 236250, 264846, 295963, 329745, 366340

Offset: 0

Dennis S. Kluk (mathemagician(AT)ameritech.net)

Structured meta-pyramidal numbers, the n-th number from an n-gonal pyramidal number sequence. - James A. Record (james.record(AT)gmail.com), Nov 07 2004

The Gi4 triangle sums of A139600 are given by the terms of this sequence. For the definitions of the Gi4 and other triangle sums see A180662. - Johannes W. Meijer, Apr 29 2011

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
D. S. Kluk and N. J. A. Sloane, Correspondence, 1979.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,-10,10,-5,1).

Cf. other meta sequences: A100177: prism; A000447: "polar" diamond; A059722: "equatorial diamond"; A100185: anti-prism; A100188: "polar" anti-diamond; and A100189: "equatorial" anti-diamond. Cf. A100145 for more on structured numbers.

Cf. A000332.

[n*(n+1)*(n^2 - 3*n + 5)/6: n in [0..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 16 2011

A006484:=-(1-2*z+5*z**2)/(z-1)**5; # conjectured by Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation

lst={};Do[AppendTo[lst, n*(n+1)*(n^2-3*n+5)/6], {n, 0, 4!}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Sep 19 2008 *)
Table[n(n+1) (n^2-3n+5)/6,{n,0,40}] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 29 2019 *)

a(n)=n*(n+1)*(n^2-3*n+5)/6 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 18 2022

a(n) = (1/6)*(n^4 - 2*n^3 + 2*n^2 + 5*n). - James A. Record (james.record(AT)gmail.com), Nov 07 2004

a(n) = binomial(n+3,4) - 2*binomial(n+2,4) + 5*binomial(n+1,4). - Johannes W. Meijer, Apr 29 2011

A002664 a(n) = 2^n - C(n,0)- ... - C(n,4).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 7, 29, 93, 256, 638, 1486, 3302, 7099, 14913, 30827, 63019, 127858, 258096, 519252, 1042380, 2089605, 4185195, 8377705, 16764265, 33539156, 67090962, 134196874, 268411298, 536843071, 1073709893

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

From Gary W. Adamson, Jul 24 2010: (Start)
Starting with "1" = eigensequence of a triangle with binomial C(n,5):
(1, 6, 21, 56, ...) as the left border and the rest 1's. (End)
The Kn26 sums, see A180662, of triangle A065941 equal the terms (doubled) of this sequence minus the five leading zeros. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 15 2011
Starting (0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 7, 29, ...), this is the binomial transform of (0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, ...). Starting (1, 7, 29, ...), this is the binomial transform of (1, 6, 16, 26, 31, 32, 32, 32, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 28 2015

J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995, Chapter 3, pp. 76-79.
J. Eckhoff, Der Satz von Radon in konvexen Productstrukturen II, Monat. f. Math., 73 (1969), 7-30.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
R. K. Guy, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane
Ângela Mestre, José Agapito, Square Matrices Generated by Sequences of Riordan Arrays, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 22 (2019), Article 19.8.4.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
H. P. Robinson, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 21 1985
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (7,-20,30,-25,11,-2).

a(n) = A055248(n, 5). Partial sums of A002663.
Cf. A000079, A000225, A000295, A002662, A002663, A035038-A035042.
Cf. A007318.

a002664 n = a002664_list !! n
a002664_list = map (sum . drop 5) a007318_tabl
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 20 2015

[2^n-n^4/24+n^3/12-11*n^2/24-7*n/12-1: n in [0..35]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 20 2011

a:=n->sum(binomial(n+1,2*j),j=3..n+1): seq(a(n), n=0..30); # Zerinvary Lajos, May 12 2007
A002664:=1/(2*z-1)/(z-1)**5; # conjectured by Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation

a=1;lst={};s1=s2=s3=s4=s5=0;Do[s1+=a;s2+=s1;s3+=s2;s4+=s3;s5+=s4;AppendTo[lst,s5];a=a*2,{n,5!}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jan 10 2009 *)
Table[Sum[ Binomial[n, k + 5], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 30}] (* Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 08 2009 *)
Table[2^n-Total[Binomial[n,Range[0,4]]],{n,0,30}] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {7,-20,30,-25,11,-2},{0,0,0,0,0,1},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 03 2016 *)

G.f.: x^5/((1-2*x)*(1-x)^5).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n, k+5) = Sum_{k=5..n} C(n, k); a(n) = 2a(n-1) + C(n-1, 4). - Paul Barry, Aug 23 2004
a(n) = 2^n - n^4/24 + n^3/12 - 11*n^2/24 - 7*n/12 - 1.  - Bruno Berselli, May 19 2011 [Robinson (1985) gives an alternative version of this formula, for a different offset. - N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 20 2015]
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(24*(exp(x) - 1) - 24*x - 12*x^2 - 4*x^3 - x^4)/24. - Stefano Spezia, Mar 09 2025

A158405 Triangle T(n,m) = 1+2*m of odd numbers read along rows, 0<=m

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23

Offset: 1

Paul Curtz, Mar 18 2009

Row sums are n^2 = A000290(n).
The triangle sums, see A180662 for their definitions, link this triangle of odd numbers with seventeen different sequences, see the crossrefs. The knight sums Kn14 - Kn110 have been added. - Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 22 2010
A208057 is the eigentriangle of A158405 such that as infinite lower triangular matrices, A158405 * A208057 shifts the latter, deleting the right border of 1's. - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 22 2012
T(n,k) = A099375(n-1,n-k), 1<=k<=n. [Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 31 2012]

			The triangle contains the first n odd numbers in row n:
  1;
  1,3;
  1,3,5;
  1,3,5,7;
From _Seiichi Manyama_, Dec 02 2017: (Start)
    |       a(n)        |                               | A000290(n)
   -----------------------------------------------------------------
   0|                                                      (=  0)
   1|                 1 = 1/3 * ( 3)                       (=  1)
   2|             1 + 3 = 1/3 * ( 5 +  7)                  (=  4)
   3|         1 + 3 + 5 = 1/3 * ( 7 +  9 + 11)             (=  9)
   4|     1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 1/3 * ( 9 + 11 + 13 + 15)        (= 16)
   5| 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 1/3 * (11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19)   (= 25)
(End)

Seiichi Manyama, Rows n = 1..140, flattened
Daniel Erman, The Josephus Problem, Numberphile video (2016)
Boris Putievskiy, Transformations [of] Integer Sequences And Pairing Functions arXiv:1212.2732 [math.CO], 2012.
Index entries for sequences related to the Josephus Problem

Cf. A129326, A099375, A005408.
Triangle sums (see the comments): A000290 (Row1; Kn11 & Kn4 & Ca1 & Ca4 & Gi1 & Gi4); A000027 (Row2); A005563 (Kn12); A028347 (Kn13); A028560 (Kn14); A028566 (Kn15); A098603 (Kn16); A098847 (Kn17); A098848 (Kn18); A098849 (Kn19); A098850 (Kn110); A000217 (Kn21. Kn22, Kn23, Fi2, Ze2); A000384 (Kn3, Fi1, Ze3); A000212 (Ca2 & Ze4); A000567 (Ca3, Ze1); A011848 (Gi2); A001107 (Gi3). - Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 22 2010
Cf. A063656, A063657, A208057, A292610, A292611.

a158405 n k = a158405_row n !! (k-1)
a158405_row n = a158405_tabl !! (n-1)
a158405_tabl = map reverse a099375_tabl
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 31 2012

Table[2 Range[1, n] - 1, {n, 12}] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Oct 01 2015 *)

a(n) = 2*(n-floor((-1+sqrt(8*n-7))/2)*(floor((-1+sqrt(8*n-7))/2)+1)/2)-1;
vector(100, n, a(n)) \\ Altug Alkan, Oct 01 2015

a(n) = 2*i-1, where i = n-t(t+1)/2, t = floor((-1+sqrt(8*n-7))/2). - Boris Putievskiy, Feb 03 2013

a(n) = 2*A002262(n-1) + 1. - Eric Werley, Sep 30 2015

Edited by R. J. Mathar, Oct 06 2009

A060632 a(n) = 2^wt(floor(n/2)) (i.e., 2^A000120(floor(n/2)), or A001316(floor(n/2))).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 8, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 8, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 16, 16, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 8, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 16, 16, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16, 16, 16, 32, 32, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 8, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 16, 16, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 16, 16, 8, 8, 16, 16, 16, 16, 32

Offset: 0

Avi Peretz (njk(AT)netvision.net.il), Apr 15 2001

nonn

Number of conjugacy classes in the symmetric group S_n that have odd number of elements.
Also sequence A001316 doubled.
Number of even numbers whose binary expansion is a child of the binary expansion of n. - Nadia Heninger and N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 06 2008
First differences of A151566. Sequence gives number of toothpicks added at the n-th generation of the leftist toothpick sequence A151566. - N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 20 2010
The Fi1 and Fi1 triangle sums, see A180662 for their definitions, of Sierpiński's triangle A047999 equal this sequence. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 05 2011
Also number of odd entries in n-th row of triangle of Stirling numbers of the first kind. - Istvan Mezo, Jul 21 2017

			a(3) = 2 because in S_3 there are two conjugacy classes with odd number of elements, the trivial conjugacy class and the conjugacy class of transpositions consisting of 3 elements: (12),(13),(23).
From _Omar E. Pol_, Oct 12 2011 (Start):
Written as a triangle:
1,
1,
2,2,
2,2,4,4,
2,2,4,4,4,4,8,8,
2,2,4,4,4,4,8,8,4,4,8,8,8,8,16,16,
2,2,4,4,4,4,8,8,4,4,8,8,8,8,16,16,4,4,8,8,8,8,16,16,8,...
(End)

I. G. MacDonald: Symmetric functions and Hall polynomials Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979. Page 21.

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..65536 (terms 0..1000 from Harry J. Smith)
David Applegate, Omar E. Pol and N. J. A. Sloane, The Toothpick Sequence and Other Sequences from Cellular Automata, Congressus Numerantium, Vol. 206 (2010), 157-191. [There is a typo in Theorem 6: (13) should read u(n) = 4.3^(wt(n-1)-1) for n >= 2.]
Christina Talar Bekaroğlu, Analyzing Dynamics of Larger than Life: Impacts of Rule Parameters on the Evolution of a Bug's Geometry, Master's thesis, Calif. State Univ. Northridge (2023). See p. 92.
N. J. A. Sloane, Catalog of Toothpick and Cellular Automata Sequences in the OEIS
Index entries for sequences related to toothpick sequences

Cf. A000120, A001316, A139251, A151566, A160407.

a000120:=func< n | &+Intseq(n, 2) >; [ 2^a000120(Floor(n/2)): n in [0..100] ]; // Klaus Brockhaus, Oct 15 2010

A060632 := proc(n) local k; add(binomial(n,2*k) mod 2, k=0..floor(n/2)); end: seq(A060632(n),n=0..94); # edited by Johannes W. Meijer, May 28 2011
A060632 := n -> 2^add(i, i = convert(iquo(n,2), base, 2)); # Peter Luschny, Jun 30 2011
A060632 := n -> igcd(2^n, n! / iquo(n,2)!^2);  # Peter Luschny, Jun 30 2011

a[n_] := 2^DigitCount[Floor[n/2], 2, 1]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 94}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 25 2014 *)

for (n=0, 1000, write("b060632.txt", n, " ", sum(k=0, floor(n/2), binomial(n, 2*k) % 2)) ) \\ Harry J. Smith, Sep 14 2009

a(n)=2^hammingweight(n\2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 06 2017

def A060632(n):
    return 2**bin(n/2)[2:].count("1") # Indranil Ghosh, Feb 06 2017

a(n) = sum{k=0..floor(n/2), C(n, 2k) mod 2} - Paul Barry, Jan 03 2005, Edited by Harry J. Smith, Sep 15 2009
a(n) = gcd(A056040(n), 2^n). - Peter Luschny, Jun 30 2011
G.f.: (1 + x) * Product_{k>=0} (1 + 2*x^(2^(k+1))). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 19 2019

More terms from James Sellers, Apr 16 2001
Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 06 2008; Oct 11 2010
a(0) = 1 added by N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 14 2009
Formula corrected by Harry J. Smith, Sep 15 2009

A002624 Expansion of (1-x)^(-3) * (1-x^2)^(-2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 8, 16, 30, 50, 80, 120, 175, 245, 336, 448, 588, 756, 960, 1200, 1485, 1815, 2200, 2640, 3146, 3718, 4368, 5096, 5915, 6825, 7840, 8960, 10200, 11560, 13056, 14688, 16473, 18411, 20520, 22800, 25270, 27930, 30800, 33880, 37191, 40733, 44528

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Given an irregular triangular matrix M with the triangular numbers in every column shifted down twice for columns >0, A002624 = M * [1, 2, 3, ...]. Example: row 4 of triangle M = (15, 6, 1), then (15, 6, 1) dot (1, 2, 3) = a(4) = 30 = (15 + 12 + 3). - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 02 2010
The Kn21, Kn22, Kn23, Fi2 and Ze2 triangle sums of A139600 are related to the sequence given above, e.g., Ze2(n) = a(n-1) - a(n-2) - a(n-3) + 4*a(n-4), with a(n) = 0 for n <= -1. For the definitions of these triangle sums see A180662. - Johannes W. Meijer, Apr 29 2011
8*a(n) + 16*a(n+1) + 16*a(n+2) is the number of ways to place 3 queens on an (n+6) X (n+6) chessboard so that they diagonally attack each other exactly twice. Also true for the nonexistent terms for n=-1, n=-2 and n=-3 assuming that they are zeros. In graph-theory representation they thus form the corresponding open walk (Eulerian trail) with V={1,2,3} vertices and length of 2. - Antal Pinter, Dec 31 2015
a(n) is the number of partitions of n into parts with three kinds of 1 and two kinds of 2. - Joerg Arndt, Jan 18 2016

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Steven Edwards and William Griffiths, Generalizations of Delannoy and cross polytope numbers, Fib. Q., Vol. 55, No. 4 (2017), pp. 356-366.
E. Fix and J. L. Hodges, Jr., Significance probabilities of the Wilcoxon test, Annals Math. Stat., 26 (1955), 301-312.
E. Fix and J. L. Hodges, Significance probabilities of the Wilcoxon test, Annals Math. Stat., 26 (1955), 301-312. [Annotated scanned copy]
Jia Huang, Partially Palindromic Compositions, J. Int. Seq. (2023) Vol. 26, Art. 23.4.1. See pp. 4, 20.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 204
Antal Pinter, Numerical solution of the k=3 Queens problem, 2011, Q(n) at p.8.
Antal Pinter, Software utility for enumerating positions of non-attacking and attacking chess pieces , Backtrack_V7Pro
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-1,-5,5,1,-3,1).

Cf. A047659, A139600, A180662.

[( (n+1)^4 +10*(n+1)^3 +32*(n+1)^2 +32*(n+1) +(6*(n+1) +15)*((n+1) mod 2) )/96 : n in [0..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 08 2011

A002624:=-1/(z+1)**2/(z-1)**5; # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation

f[n_] := Block[{m = n - 1}, (m^4 + 10m^3 + 32m^2 + 32m + (6m + 15)Mod[m, 2])/96]; Table[ f[n], {n, 2, 45}]
(* Or *) CoefficientList[ Series[1/((1 - x)^3 (1 - x^2)^2), {x, 0, 44}], x] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Feb 26 2005 *)

Vec(1/(1-x)^3/(1-x^2)^2+O(x^99)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 19 2012

a(n)=(n^4 + 14*n^3 + 68*n^2 + 136*n - n%2*(6*n + 21))/96 + 1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 18 2016

a(n-1) = ( n^4 +10*n^3 +32*n^2 +32*n +(6*n +15)*(n mod 2) )/96.
From Antal Pinter, Oct 03 2014: (Start)
a(n) = C(n + 2, 2) + 2*C(n, 2) + 3*C(n - 2, 2) + 4*C(n - 4, 2) + ...
a(n) = Sum_{i = 1..z} i*C(n + 4 - 2i, 2)  where z = (2*n + 3 + (-1)^n)/4.
a(n) = (3*(2*n + 7)*(-1)^n + 2*n^4 + 28*n^3 + 136*n^2 + 266*n + 171)/192.
(End)
a(n) = A007009(n+1) - A001752(n-1) for n>0. - Antal Pinter, Dec 27 2015
a(n) = Sum_{j=0..n+1} A006918(j). - Richard Turk, Feb 18 2016

Formula and more terms from Frank Ellermann, Mar 14 2002

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A035317 Pascal-like triangle associated with A000670.

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A103609 Fibonacci numbers repeated (cf. A000045).

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A034943 Binomial transform of Padovan sequence A000931.

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A075427 a(0) = 1; a(n) = a(n-1)+1 if n is even, otherwise a(n) = 2*a(n-1).

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A087960 a(n) = (-1)^binomial(n+1,2).

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A006484 a(n) = n(n + 1)(n^2 - 3*n + 5)/6.