cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A000295 Eulerian numbers (Euler's triangle: column k=2 of A008292, column k=1 of A173018).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 4, 11, 26, 57, 120, 247, 502, 1013, 2036, 4083, 8178, 16369, 32752, 65519, 131054, 262125, 524268, 1048555, 2097130, 4194281, 8388584, 16777191, 33554406, 67108837, 134217700, 268435427, 536870882, 1073741793, 2147483616, 4294967263, 8589934558
Offset: 0

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Keywords

Comments

There are 2 versions of Euler's triangle:
* A008292 Classic version of Euler's triangle used by Comtet (1974).
* A173018 Version of Euler's triangle used by Graham, Knuth and Patashnik in Concrete Math. (1990).
Euler's triangle rows and columns indexing conventions:
* A008292 The rows and columns of the Eulerian triangle are both indexed starting from 1. (Classic version: used in the classic books by Riordan and Comtet.)
* A173018 The rows and columns of the Eulerian triangle are both indexed starting from 0. (Graham et al.)
Number of Dyck paths of semilength n having exactly one long ascent (i.e., ascent of length at least two). Example: a(4)=11 because among the 14 Dyck paths of semilength 4, the paths that do not have exactly one long ascent are UDUDUDUD (no long ascent), UUDDUUDD and UUDUUDDD (two long ascents). Here U=(1,1) and D=(1,-1). Also number of ordered trees with n edges having exactly one branch node (i.e., vertex of outdegree at least two). - Emeric Deutsch, Feb 22 2004
Number of permutations of {1,2,...,n} with exactly one descent (i.e., permutations (p(1),p(2),...,p(n)) such that #{i: p(i)>p(i+1)}=1). E.g., a(3)=4 because the permutations of {1,2,3} with one descent are 132, 213, 231 and 312.
a(n+1) is the convolution of nonnegative integers (A001477) and powers of two (A000079). - Graeme McRae, Jun 07 2006
Partial sum of main diagonal of A125127. - Jonathan Vos Post, Nov 22 2006
Number of partitions of an n-set having exactly one block of size > 1. Example: a(4)=11 because, if the partitioned set is {1,2,3,4}, then we have 1234, 123|4, 124|3, 134|2, 1|234, 12|3|4, 13|2|4, 14|2|3, 1|23|4, 1|24|3 and 1|2|34. - Emeric Deutsch, Oct 28 2006
k divides a(k+1) for k in A014741. - Alexander Adamchuk, Nov 03 2006
(Number of permutations avoiding patterns 321, 2413, 3412, 21534) minus one. - Jean-Luc Baril, Nov 01 2007, Mar 21 2008
The chromatic invariant of the prism graph P_n for n >= 3. - Jonathan Vos Post, Aug 29 2008
Decimal integer corresponding to the result of XORing the binary representation of 2^n - 1 and the binary representation of n with leading zeros. This sequence and a few others are syntactically similar. For n > 0, let D(n) denote the decimal integer corresponding to the binary number having n consecutive 1's. Then D(n).OP.n represents the n-th term of a sequence when .OP. stands for a binary operator such as '+', '-', '*', 'quotentof', 'mod', 'choose'. We then get the various sequences A136556, A082495, A082482, A066524, A000295, A052944. Another syntactically similar sequence results when we take the n-th term as f(D(n)).OP.f(n). For example if f='factorial' and .OP.='/', we get (A136556)(A000295) ; if f='squaring' and .OP.='-', we get (A000295)(A052944). - K.V.Iyer, Mar 30 2009
Chromatic invariant of the prism graph Y_n.
Number of labelings of a full binary tree of height n-1, such that each path from root to any leaf contains each label from {1,2,...,n-1} exactly once. - Michael Vielhaber (vielhaber(AT)gmail.com), Nov 18 2009
Also number of nontrivial equivalence classes generated by the weak associative law X((YZ)T)=(X(YZ))T on words with n open and n closed parentheses. Also the number of join (resp. meet)-irreducible elements in the pruning-grafting lattice of binary trees with n leaves. - Jean Pallo, Jan 08 2010
Nonzero terms of this sequence can be found from the row sums of the third sub-triangle extracted from Pascal's triangle as indicated below by braces:
1;
1, 1;
{1}, 2, 1;
{1, 3}, 3, 1;
{1, 4, 6}, 4, 1;
{1, 5, 10, 10}, 5, 1;
{1, 6, 15, 20, 15}, 6, 1;
... - L. Edson Jeffery, Dec 28 2011
For integers a, b, denote by a<+>b the least c >= a, such that the Hamming distance D(a,c) = b (note that, generally speaking, a<+>b differs from b<+>a). Then for n >= 3, a(n) = n<+>n. This has a simple explanation: for n >= 3 in binary we have a(n) = (2^n-1)-n = "anti n". - Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 14 2012
a(n) is the number of binary sequences of length n having at least one pair 01. - Branko Curgus, May 23 2012
Nonzero terms are those integers k for which there exists a perfect (Hamming) error-correcting code. - L. Edson Jeffery, Nov 28 2012
a(n) is the number of length n binary words constructed in the following manner: Select two positions in which to place the first two 0's of the word. Fill in all (possibly none) of the positions before the second 0 with 1's and then complete the word with an arbitrary string of 0's or 1's. So a(n) = Sum_{k=2..n} (k-1)*2^(n-k). - Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 12 2013
Without first 0: a(n)/2^n equals Sum_{k=0..n} k/2^k. For example: a(5)=57, 57/32 = 0/1 + 1/2 + 2/4 + 3/8 + 4/16 + 5/32. - Bob Selcoe, Feb 25 2014
The first barycentric coordinate of the centroid of the first n rows of Pascal's triangle, assuming the numbers are weights, is A000295(n+1)/A000337(n). See attached figure. - César Eliud Lozada, Nov 14 2014
Starting (0, 1, 4, 11, ...), this is the binomial transform of (0, 1, 2, 2, 2, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2015
Also the number of (non-null) connected induced subgraphs in the n-triangular honeycomb rook graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Aug 27 2017
a(n) is the number of swaps needed in the worst case to transform a binary tree with n full levels into a heap, using (bottom-up) heapify. - Rudy van Vliet, Sep 19 2017
The utility of large networks, particularly social networks, with n participants is given by the terms a(n) of this sequence. This assertion is known as Reed's Law, see the Wikipedia link. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 03 2019
a(n-1) is the number of subsets of {1..n} in which the largest element of the set exceeds by at least 2 the next largest element. For example, for n = 5, a(4) = 11 and the 11 sets are {1,3}, {1,4}, {1,5}, {2,4}, {2,5}, {3,5}, {1,2,4}, {1,2,5}, {1,3,5}, {2,3,5}, {1,2,3,5}. - Enrique Navarrete, Apr 08 2020
a(n-1) is also the number of subsets of {1..n} in which the second smallest element of the set exceeds by at least 2 the smallest element. For example, for n = 5, a(4) = 11 and the 11 sets are {1,3}, {1,4}, {1,5}, {2,4}, {2,5}, {3,5}, {1,3,4}, {1,3,5}, {1,4,5}, {2,4,5}, {1,3,4,5}. - Enrique Navarrete, Apr 09 2020
a(n+1) is the sum of the smallest elements of all subsets of {1..n}. For example, for n=3, a(4)=11; the subsets of {1,2,3} are {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}, and the sum of smallest elements is 11. - Enrique Navarrete, Aug 20 2020
Number of subsets of an n-set that have more than one element. - Eric M. Schmidt, Mar 13 2021
Number of individual bets in a "full cover" bet on n-1 horses, dogs, etc. in different races. Each horse, etc. can be bet on or not, giving 2^n bets. But, by convention, singles (a bet on only one race) are not included, reducing the total number bets by n. It is also impossible to bet on no horses at all, reducing the number of bets by another 1. A full cover on 4 horses, dogs, etc. is therefore 6 doubles, 4 trebles and 1 four-horse etc. accumulator. In British betting, such a bet on 4 horses etc. is a Yankee; on 5, a super-Yankee. - Paul Duckett, Nov 17 2021
From Enrique Navarrete, May 25 2022: (Start)
Number of binary sequences of length n with at least two 1's.
a(n-1) is the number of ways to choose an odd number of elements greater than or equal to 3 out of n elements.
a(n+1) is the number of ways to split [n] = {1,2,...,n} into two (possibly empty) complementary intervals {1,2,...,i} and {i+1,i+2,...,n} and then select a subset from the first interval (2^i choices, 0 <= i <= n), and one block/cell (i.e., subinterval) from the second interval (n-i choices, 0 <= i <= n).
(End)
Number of possible conjunctions in a system of n planets; for example, there can be 0 conjunctions with one planet, one with two planets, four with three planets (three pairs of planets plus one with all three) and so on. - Wendy Appleby, Jan 02 2023
Largest exponent m such that 2^m divides (2^n-1)!. - Franz Vrabec, Aug 18 2023
It seems that a(n-1) is the number of odd r with 0 < r < 2^n for which there exist u,v,w in the x-independent beginning of the Collatz trajectory of 2^n x + r with u+v = w+1, as detailed in the link "Collatz iteration and Euler numbers?". A better understanding of this might also give a formula for A374527. - Markus Sigg, Aug 02 2024
This sequence has a connection to consecutively halved positional voting (CHPV); see Mendenhall and Switkay. - Hal M. Switkay, Feb 25 2025
a(n) is the number of subsets of size 2 and more of an n-element set. Equivalently, a(n) is the number of (hyper)edges of size 2 and more in a complete hypergraph of n vertices. - Yigit Oktar, Apr 05 2025

Examples

			G.f. = x^2 + 4*x^3 + 11*x^4 + 26*x^5 + 57*x^6 + 120*x^7 + 247*x^8 + 502*x^9 + ...
		

References

  • O. Bottema, Problem #562, Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde, 28 (1980) 115.
  • L. Comtet, "Permutations by Number of Rises; Eulerian Numbers." Section 6.5 in Advanced Combinatorics: The Art of Finite and Infinite Expansions, rev. enl. ed. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Reidel, pp. 51 and 240-246, 1974.
  • F. N. David and D. E. Barton, Combinatorial Chance. Hafner, NY, 1962, p. 151.
  • R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990.
  • D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, Vol. 3, p. 34.
  • J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 215.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A008292 (classic version of Euler's triangle used by Comtet (1974)).
Cf. A173018 (version of Euler's triangle used by Graham, Knuth and Patashnik in Concrete Math. (1990)).
Cf. A002662 (partial sums).
Partial sums of A000225.
Row sums of A014473 and of A143291.
Second column of triangles A112493 and A112500.
Sequences A125128 and A130103 are essentially the same.
Column k=1 of A124324.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a000295 n = 2^n - n - 1  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 25 2013
    
  • Magma
    [2^n-n-1: n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 29 2015
    
  • Magma
    [EulerianNumber(n, 1): n in [0..40]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 02 2024
    
  • Maple
    [ seq(2^n-n-1, n=1..50) ];
    A000295 := -z/(2*z-1)/(z-1)**2; # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
    # Grammar specification:
    spec := [S, { B = Set(Z, 1 <= card), C = Sequence(B, 2 <= card), S = Prod(B, C) }, unlabeled]:
    struct := n -> combstruct[count](spec, size = n+1);
    seq(struct(n), n = 0..33); # Peter Luschny, Jul 22 2014
  • Mathematica
    a[n_] = If[n==0, 0, n*(HypergeometricPFQ[{1, 1-n}, {2}, -1] - 1)];
    Table[a[n], {n,0,40}] (* Olivier Gérard, Mar 29 2011 *)
    LinearRecurrence[{4, -5, 2}, {0, 0, 1}, 40] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 29 2015 *)
    Table[2^n -n-1, {n,0,40}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Nov 16 2017 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=2^n-n-1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 10 2011
    
  • SageMath
    [2^n -(n+1) for n in range(41)] # G. C. Greubel, Oct 02 2024

Formula

a(n) = 2^n - n - 1.
G.f.: x^2/((1-2*x)*(1-x)^2).
A107907(a(n+2)) = A000079(n+2). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 28 2005
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(exp(x)-1-x). - Emeric Deutsch, Oct 28 2006
a(0)=0, a(1)=0, a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 2*a(n-2) + 1. - Miklos Kristof, Mar 09 2005
a(0)=0, a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + n - 1 for all n in Z.
a(n) = Sum_{k=2..n} binomial(n, k). - Paul Barry, Jun 05 2003
a(n+1) = Sum_{i=1..n} Sum_{j=1..i} C(i, j). - Benoit Cloitre, Sep 07 2003
a(n+1) = 2^n*Sum_{k=0..n} k/2^k. - Benoit Cloitre, Oct 26 2003
a(0)=0, a(1)=0, a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n-1} i+a(i) for i > 1. - Gerald McGarvey, Jun 12 2004
a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} (n-k)*2^k. - Paul Barry, Jul 29 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n, k+2); a(n+2) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n+2, k+2). - Paul Barry, Aug 23 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor((n-1)/2)} binomial(n-k-1, k+1)*2^(n-k-2)*(-1/2)^k. - Paul Barry, Oct 25 2004
a(0) = 0; a(n) = Stirling2(n,2) + a(n-1) = A000225(n-1) + a(n-1). - Thomas Wieder, Feb 18 2007
a(n) = A000325(n) - 1. - Jonathan Vos Post, Aug 29 2008
a(0) = 0, a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-1} 2^k - 1. - Doug Bell, Jan 19 2009
a(n) = A000217(n-1) + A002662(n) for n>0. - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 11 2009
a(n) = A000225(n) - n. - Zerinvary Lajos, May 29 2009
a(n) = n*(2F1([1,1-n],[2],-1) - 1). - Olivier Gérard, Mar 29 2011
Column k=1 of A173018 starts a'(n) = 0, 1, 4, 11, ... and has the hypergeometric representation n*hypergeom([1, -n+1], [-n], 2). This can be seen as a formal argument to prefer Euler's A173018 over A008292. - Peter Luschny, Sep 19 2014
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(exp(x)-1-x); this is U(0) where U(k) = 1 - x/(2^k - 2^k/(x + 1 - x^2*2^(k+1)/(x*2^(k+1) - (k+1)/U(k+1)))); (continued fraction, 3rd kind, 4-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Dec 01 2012
a(n) = A079583(n) - A000225(n+1). - Miquel Cerda, Dec 25 2016
a(0) = 0; a(1) = 0; for n > 1: a(n) = Sum_{i=1..2^(n-1)-1} A001511(i). - David Siegers, Feb 26 2019
a(n) = A007814(A028366(n)). - Franz Vrabec, Aug 18 2023
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..floor((n+1)/2)} binomial(n+1, 2*k+1). - Taras Goy, Jan 02 2025

A000127 Maximal number of regions obtained by joining n points around a circle by straight lines. Also number of regions in 4-space formed by n-1 hyperplanes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 57, 99, 163, 256, 386, 562, 794, 1093, 1471, 1941, 2517, 3214, 4048, 5036, 6196, 7547, 9109, 10903, 12951, 15276, 17902, 20854, 24158, 27841, 31931, 36457, 41449, 46938, 52956, 59536, 66712, 74519, 82993, 92171, 102091, 112792, 124314, 136698
Offset: 1

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Comments

a(n) is the sum of the first five terms in the n-th row of Pascal's triangle. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jan 18 2009
{a(k): 1 <= k <= 5} = divisors of 16. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 17 2009
Equals binomial transform of [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 02 2010
From Bernard Schott, Apr 05 2021: (Start)
As a(n) = 2^(n-1) for n = 1..5, it is misleading to believe that a(n) = 2^(n-1) for n > 5 (see Patrick Popescu-Pampu link); other curiosities: a(6) = 2^5 - 1 and a(10) = 2^8.
The sequence of the first differences is A000125, the sequence of the second differences is A000124, the sequence of the third differences is A000027 and the sequence of the fourth differences is the all 1's sequence A000012 (see J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy reference, p. 80). (End)
a(n) is the number of binary words of length n matching the regular expression 0*1*0*1*0*. A000124 and A000125 count binary words of the form 0*1*0* and 1*0*1*0*, respectively. - Manfred Scheucher, Jun 22 2023

Examples

			a(7)=99 because the first five terms in the 7th row of Pascal's triangle are 1 + 7 + 21 + 35 + 35 = 99. - _Geoffrey Critzer_, Jan 18 2009
G.f. = x + 2*x^2 + 4*x^3 + 8*x^4 + 16*x^5 + 31*x^6 + 57*x^7 + 99*x^8 + 163*x^9 + ...
		

References

  • R. B. Banks, Slicing Pizzas, Racing Turtles and Further Adventures in Applied Mathematics, Princeton Univ. Press, 1999. See p. 28.
  • L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 72, Problem 2.
  • J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, Copernicus Press, NY, 1996, Chap. 3.
  • J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, Le Livre des Nombres, Eyrolles, 1998, p. 80.
  • J.-M. De Koninck & A. Mercier, 1001 Problèmes en Théorie Classique Des Nombres, Problem 33 pp. 18; 128 Ellipses Paris 2004.
  • A. Deledicq and D. Missenard, A La Recherche des Régions Perdues, Math. & Malices, No. 22 Summer 1995 issue pp. 22-3 ACL-Editions Paris.
  • M. Gardner, Mathematical Circus, pp. 177; 180-1 Alfred A. Knopf NY 1979.
  • M. Gardner, The Colossal Book of Mathematics, 2001, p. 561.
  • James Gleick, Faster, Vintage Books, NY, 2000 (see pp. 259-261).
  • M. de Guzman, Aventures Mathématiques, Prob. B pp. 115-120 PPUR Lausanne 1990.
  • Ross Honsberger; Mathematical Gems I, Chap. 9.
  • Ross Honsberger; Mathematical Morsels, Chap. 3.
  • Jeux Mathématiques et Logiques, Vol. 3 pp. 12; 51 Prob. 14 FFJM-SERMAP Paris 1988.
  • J. N. Kapur, Reflections of a Mathematician, Chap.36, pp. 337-343, Arya Book Depot, New Delhi 1996.
  • C. D. Miller, V. E. Heeren, J. Hornsby, M. L. Morrow and J. Van Newenhizen, Mathematical Ideas, Tenth Edition, Pearson, Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2003, Cptr 1, 'The Art of Problem Solving, page 6.
  • I. Niven, Mathematics of Choice, pp. 158; 195 Prob. 40 NML 15 MAA 1965.
  • C. S. Ogilvy, Tomorrow's Math, pp. 144-6 OUP 1972.
  • Alfred S. Posamentier, Math Charmers, Tantalizing Tidbits for the Mind, Prometheus Books, NY, 2003, page 252-255.
  • Alfred S. Posamentier & Ingmar Lehmann, The (Fabulous) Fibonacci Numbers, Prometheus Books, NY, 2007, page 81-87.
  • A. M. Robert, A Course in p-adic Analysis, Springer-Verlag, 2000; p. 213.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Haskell
    a000127 = sum . take 5 . a007318_row  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 24 2012
    
  • Magma
    [(n^4-6*n^3+23*n^2-18*n+24)/24: n in [1..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 16 2015
    
  • Maple
    A000127 := n->(n^4 - 6*n^3 + 23*n^2 - 18*n + 24)/24;
    with (combstruct):ZL:=[S, {S=Sequence(U, card=1)}, unlabeled]: seq(count(subs(r=6, ZL), size=m), m=0..41); # Zerinvary Lajos, Mar 08 2008
  • Mathematica
    f[n_] := Sum[Binomial[n, i], {i, 0, 4}]; Table[f@n, {n, 0, 40}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 29 2007 *)
    Total/@Table[Binomial[n-1,k],{n,50},{k,0,4}] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {5,-10,10,-5,1},{1,2,4,8,16},50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 24 2011 *)
    Table[(n^4 - 6 n^3 + 23 n^2 - 18 n + 24) / 24, {n, 100}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 16 2015 *)
    a[ n_] := Binomial[n, 4] + Binomial[n, 2] + 1; (* Michael Somos, Dec 23 2017 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=(n^4-6*n^3+23*n^2-18*n+24)/24 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 22 2016
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = binomial(n, 4) + binomial(n, 2) + 1}; /* Michael Somos, Dec 23 2017 */
    
  • Python
    def A000127(n): return n*(n*(n*(n - 6) + 23) - 18)//24 + 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Sep 18 2021

Formula

a(n) = C(n-1, 4) + C(n-1, 3) + ... + C(n-1, 0) = A055795(n) + 1 = C(n, 4) + C(n-1, 2) + n.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..2} C(n, 2k). - Joel Sanderi (sanderi(AT)itstud.chalmers.se), Sep 08 2004
a(n) = (n^4 - 6*n^3 + 23*n^2 - 18*n + 24)/24.
G.f.: (1 - 3*x + 4*x^2 - 2*x^3 + x^4)/(1-x)^5. (for offset 0) - Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
E.g.f.: (1 + x + x^2/2 + x^3/6 + x^4/24)*exp(x) (for offset 0). [Typos corrected by Juan M. Marquez, Jan 24 2011]
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 10*a(n-2) + 10*a(n-3) - 5*a(n-4) + a(n-5), n > 4. - Harvey P. Dale, Aug 24 2011
a(n) = A000124(A000217(n-1)) - n*A000217(n-2) - A034827(n), n > 1. - Melvin Peralta, Feb 15 2016
a(n) = A223718(-n). - Michael Somos, Dec 23 2017
For n > 2, a(n) = n + 1 + sum_{i=2..(n-2)}sum_{j=1..(n-i)}(1+(i-1)(j-1)). - Alec Jones, Nov 17 2019

Extensions

Formula corrected and additional references from torsten.sillke(AT)lhsystems.com
Additional correction from Jonas Paulson (jonasso(AT)sdf.lonestar.org), Oct 30 2003

A008949 Triangle read by rows of partial sums of binomial coefficients: T(n,k) = Sum_{i=0..k} binomial(n,i) (0 <= k <= n); also dimensions of Reed-Muller codes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 1, 4, 7, 8, 1, 5, 11, 15, 16, 1, 6, 16, 26, 31, 32, 1, 7, 22, 42, 57, 63, 64, 1, 8, 29, 64, 99, 120, 127, 128, 1, 9, 37, 93, 163, 219, 247, 255, 256, 1, 10, 46, 130, 256, 382, 466, 502, 511, 512, 1, 11, 56, 176, 386, 638, 848, 968, 1013, 1023, 1024, 1, 12, 67, 232, 562, 1024, 1486, 1816, 1981, 2036, 2047, 2048
Offset: 0

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Comments

The second-left-from-middle column is A000346: T(2n+2, n) = A000346(n). - Ed Catmur (ed(AT)catmur.co.uk), Dec 09 2006
T(n,k) is the maximal number of regions into which n hyperplanes of co-dimension 1 divide R^k (the Cake-Without-Icing numbers). - Rob Johnson, Jul 27 2008
T(n,k) gives the number of vertices within distance k (measured along the edges) of an n-dimensional unit cube, (i.e., the number of vertices on the hypercube graph Q_n whose distance from a reference vertex is <= k). - Robert Munafo, Oct 26 2010
A triangle formed like Pascal's triangle, but with 2^n for n >= 0 on the right border instead of 1. - Boris Putievskiy, Aug 18 2013
For a closed-form formula for generalized Pascal's triangle see A228576. - Boris Putievskiy, Sep 04 2013
Consider each "1" as an apex of two sequences: the first is the set of terms in the same row as the "1", but the rightmost term in the row repeats infinitely. Example: the row (1, 4, 7, 8) becomes (1, 4, 7, 8, 8, 8, ...). The second sequence begins with the same "1" but is the diagonal going down and to the right, thus: (1, 5, 16, 42, 99, 219, 466, ...). It appears that for all such sequence pairs, the binomial transform of the first, (1, 4, 7, 8, 8, 8, ...) in this case; is equal to the second: (1, 5, 16, 42, 99, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 19 2015
Let T* be the infinite tree with root 0 generated by these rules: if p is in T*, then p+1 is in T* and x*p is in T*. Let q(n) be the sum of polynomials in the n-th generation of T*. For n >= 0, row n of A008949 gives the coefficients of q(n+1); e.g., (row 3) = (1, 4, 7, 8) matches x^3 + 4*x^2 + 7*x + 9, which is the sum of the 8 polynomials in the 4th generation of T*. - Clark Kimberling, Jun 16 2016
T(n,k) is the number of subsets of [n]={1,...,n} of at most size k. Equivalently, T(n,k) is the number of subsets of [n] of at least size n-k. Counting the subsets of at least size (n-k) by conditioning on the largest element m of the smallest (n-k) elements of such a subset provides the formula T(n,k) = Sum_{m=n-k..n} C(m-1,n-k-1)*2^(n-m), and, by letting j=m-n+k, we obtain T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} C(n+j-k-1,j)*2^(k-j). - Dennis P. Walsh, Sep 25 2017
If the interval of integers 1..n is shifted up or down by k, making the new interval 1+k..n+k or 1-k..n-k, then T(n-1,n-1-k) (= 2^(n-1)-T(n-1,k-1)) is the number of subsets of the new interval that contain their own cardinal number as an element. - David Pasino, Nov 01 2018

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,  2;
  1,  3,  4;
  1,  4,  7,   8;
  1,  5, 11,  15,  16;
  1,  6, 16,  26,  31,  32;
  1,  7, 22,  42,  57,  63,  64;
  1,  8, 29,  64,  99, 120, 127, 128;
  1,  9, 37,  93, 163, 219, 247, 255,  256;
  1, 10, 46, 130, 256, 382, 466, 502,  511,  512;
  1, 11, 56, 176, 386, 638, 848, 968, 1013, 1023, 1024;
  ...
		

References

  • F. J. MacWilliams and N. J. A. Sloane, The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes, Elsevier-North Holland, 1978, p. 376.

Crossrefs

Row sums sequence is A001792.
T(n, m)= A055248(n, n-m).

Programs

  • GAP
    T:=Flat(List([0..11],n->List([0..n],k->Sum([0..k],j->Binomial(n+j-k-1,j)*2^(k-j))))); # Muniru A Asiru, Nov 25 2018
    
  • Haskell
    a008949 n k = a008949_tabl !! n !! k
    a008949_row n = a008949_tabl !! n
    a008949_tabl = map (scanl1 (+)) a007318_tabl
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 23 2012
    
  • Magma
    [[(&+[Binomial(n,j): j in [0..k]]): k in [0..n]]: n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 25 2018
    
  • Maple
    A008949 := proc(n,k) local i; add(binomial(n,i),i=0..k) end; # Typo corrected by R. J. Mathar, Oct 26 2010
  • Mathematica
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[n], (Length[ # ] <= k) &]], {n, 0, 12}, {k, 0, n}] // Grid (* Geoffrey Critzer, May 13 2009 *)
    Flatten[Accumulate/@Table[Binomial[n,i],{n,0,20},{i,0,n}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 08 2015 *)
    T[ n_, k_] := If[ n < 0 || k > n, 0, Binomial[n, k] Hypergeometric2F1[1, -k, n + 1 - k, -1]]; (* Michael Somos, Aug 05 2017 *)
  • PARI
    A008949(n)=T8949(t=sqrtint(2*n-sqrtint(2*n)),n-t*(t+1)/2)
    T8949(r,c)={ 2*c > r || return(sum(i=0,c,binomial(r,i))); 1<M. F. Hasler, May 30 2010
    
  • PARI
    {T(n, k) = if(k>n, 0, sum(i=0, k, binomial(n, i)))}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 05 2017 */
    
  • PARI
    row(n) = my(v=vector(n+1, k, binomial(n,k-1))); vector(#v, k, sum(i=1, k, v[i])); \\ Michel Marcus, Apr 13 2025
    
  • Sage
    [[sum(binomial(n,j) for j in range(k+1)) for k in range(n+1)] for n in range(12)] # G. C. Greubel, Nov 25 2018

Formula

From partial sums across rows of Pascal triangle A007318.
T(n, 0) = 1, T(n, n) = 2^n, T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-1, k), 0 < k < n.
G.f.: (1 - x*y)/((1 - y - x*y)*(1 - 2*x*y)). - Antonio Gonzalez (gonfer00(AT)gmail.com), Sep 08 2009
T(2n,n) = A032443(n). - Philippe Deléham, Sep 16 2009
T(n,k) = 2 T(n-1,k-1) + binomial(n-1,k) = 2 T(n-1,k) - binomial(n-1,k). - M. F. Hasler, May 30 2010
T(n,k) = binomial(n,n-k)* 2F1(1, -k; n+1-k; -1). - Olivier Gérard, Aug 02 2012
For a closed-form formula for arbitrary left and right borders of Pascal like triangle see A228196. - Boris Putievskiy, Aug 18 2013
T(n,floor(n/2)) = A027306(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 14 2014
T(n,n) = 2^n, otherwise for 0 <= k <= n-1, T(n,k) = 2^n - T(n,n-k-1). - Bob Selcoe, Mar 30 2017
For fixed j >= 0, lim_{n -> oo} T(n+1,n-j+1)/T(n,n-j) = 2. - Bob Selcoe, Apr 03 2017
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} C(n+j-k-1,j)*2^(k-j). - Dennis P. Walsh, Sep 25 2017

Extensions

More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), Mar 23 2000

A002662 a(n) = 2^n - 1 - n*(n+1)/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 16, 42, 99, 219, 466, 968, 1981, 4017, 8100, 16278, 32647, 65399, 130918, 261972, 524097, 1048365, 2096920, 4194050, 8388331, 16776915, 33554106, 67108512, 134217349, 268435049, 536870476, 1073741358, 2147483151, 4294966767, 8589934030
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Number of subsets with at least 3 elements of an n-element set.
For n>4, number of simple rank-(n-1) matroids over S_n.
Number of non-interval subsets of {1,2,3,...,n} (cf. A000124). - Jose Luis Arregui (arregui(AT)unizar.es), Jun 27 2006
The partial sums of the second diagonal of A008292 or third column of A123125. - Tom Copeland, Sep 09 2008
a(n) is the number of binary sequences of length n having at least three 0's. - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 11 2009
Starting with "1" = eigensequence of a triangle with the tetrahedral numbers (1, 4, 10, 20, ...) as the left border and the rest 1's. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 24 2010
a(n) is also the number of crossing set partitions of [n+1] with two blocks. - Peter Luschny, Apr 29 2011
The Kn24 sums, see A180662, of triangle A065941 equal the terms (doubled) of this sequence minus the three leading zeros. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 14 2011
From L. Edson Jeffery, Dec 28 2011: (Start)
Nonzero terms of this sequence can be found from the row sums of the fourth sub-triangle extracted from Pascal's triangle as indicated below by braces:
1;
1, 1;
1, 2, 1;
{1}, 3, 3, 1;
{1, 4}, 6, 4, 1;
{1, 5, 10}, 10, 5, 1;
{1, 6, 15, 20}, 15, 6, 1;
... (End)
Partial sums of A000295 (Eulerian Numbers, Column 2).
Second differences equal 2^(n-2) - 1, for n >= 4. - Richard R. Forberg, Jul 11 2013
Starting (0, 0, 1, 5, 16, ...) is the binomial transform of (0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2015
a(n - 1) is the rank of the divisor class group of the moduli space of stable rational curves with n marked points, see Keel p. 550. - Harry Richman, Aug 10 2024

Examples

			a(4) = 5 is the number of crossing set partitions of {1,2,..,5}, card{13|245, 14|235, 24|135, 25|134, 35|124}. - _Peter Luschny_, Apr 29 2011
		

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

a(n) = A055248(n,3).
First differences are A000295.
Cf. also A000290, A001045.

Programs

Formula

G.f.: x^3/((1-2*x)*(1-x)^3).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k+3) = Sum_{k=3..n} binomial(n,k). - Paul Barry, Jul 30 2004
a(n+1) = 2*a(n) + binomial(n,2). - Paul Barry, Aug 23 2004
(1, 5, 16, 42, 99, ...) = binomial transform of (1, 4, 7, 8, 8, 8, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 30 2007
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(exp(x)-x^2/2-x-1). - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 11 2009
a(n) = n - 2 + 3*a(n-1) - 2*a(n-2), for n >= 2. - Richard R. Forberg, Jul 11 2013
For n>1, a(n) = (1/4)*Sum_{k=1..n-2} 2^k*(n-k-1)*(n-k). For example, (1/4)*(2^1*(4*5) + 2^2*(3*4) + 2^3*(2*3) + 2^4*(1*2)) = 168/4 = 42. - J. M. Bergot, May 27 2014 [edited by Danny Rorabaugh, Apr 19 2015]
Convolution of A001045 and (A000290 shifted by one place). - Oboifeng Dira, Aug 16 2016
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n-2} Sum_{i=1..n} (n-k-1) * C(k,i). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Sep 19 2017
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 9*a(n-2) + 7*a(n-3) - 2*a(n-4) for n > 3. - Chai Wah Wu, Apr 03 2021
a(n) = a(n-1) + 1 + A000247(n-1). - Harry Richman, Aug 13 2024

A055248 Triangle of partial row sums of triangle A007318(n,m) (Pascal's triangle). Triangle A008949 read backwards. Riordan (1/(1-2x), x/(1-x)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 1, 8, 7, 4, 1, 16, 15, 11, 5, 1, 32, 31, 26, 16, 6, 1, 64, 63, 57, 42, 22, 7, 1, 128, 127, 120, 99, 64, 29, 8, 1, 256, 255, 247, 219, 163, 93, 37, 9, 1, 512, 511, 502, 466, 382, 256, 130, 46, 10, 1, 1024, 1023, 1013, 968, 848, 638, 386, 176, 56, 11, 1
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Wolfdieter Lang, May 26 2000

Keywords

Comments

In the language of the Shapiro et al. reference (also given in A053121) such a lower triangular (ordinary) convolution array, considered as matrix, belongs to the Riordan-group. The g.f. for the row polynomials p(n,x) (increasing powers of x) is 1/((1-2*z)*(1-x*z/(1-z))).
Binomial transform of the all 1's triangle: as a Riordan array, it factors to give (1/(1-x),x/(1-x))(1/(1-x),x). Viewed as a number square read by antidiagonals, it has T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n} binomial(n+k,n-j) and is then the binomial transform of the Whitney square A004070. - Paul Barry, Feb 03 2005
Riordan array (1/(1-2x), x/(1-x)). Antidiagonal sums are A027934(n+1), n >= 0. - Paul Barry, Jan 30 2005; edited by Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 09 2015
Eigensequence of the triangle = A005493: (1, 3, 10, 37, 151, 674, ...); row sums of triangles A011971 and A159573. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 16 2009
Read as a square array, this is the generalized Riordan array ( 1/(1 - 2*x), 1/(1 - x) ) as defined in the Bala link (p. 5), which factorizes as ( 1/(1 - x), x/(1 - x) )*( 1/(1 - x), x )*( 1, 1 + x ) = P*U*transpose(P), where P denotes Pascal's triangle, A007318, and U is the lower unit triangular array with 1's on or below the main diagonal. - Peter Bala, Jan 13 2016

Examples

			The triangle a(n,m) begins:
n\m    0    1    2   3   4   5   6   7  8  9 10 ...
0:     1
1:     2    1
2:     4    3    1
3:     8    7    4   1
4:    16   15   11   5   1
5:    32   31   26  16   6   1
6:    64   63   57  42  22   7   1
7:   128  127  120  99  64  29   8   1
8:   256  255  247 219 163  93  37   9  1
9:   512  511  502 466 382 256 130  46 10  1
10: 1024 1023 1013 968 848 638 386 176 56 11  1
... Reformatted. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jan 09 2015
Fourth row polynomial (n=3): p(3,x)= 8 + 7*x + 4*x^2 + x^3.
The matrix inverse starts
   1;
  -2,   1;
   2,  -3,   1;
  -2,   5,  -4,    1;
   2,  -7,   9,   -5,    1;
  -2,   9, -16,   14,   -6,    1;
   2, -11,  25,-  30,   20,   -7,    1;
  -2,  13, -36,   55,  -50,   27,   -8,    1;
   2, -15,  49,  -91,  105,  -77,   35,   -9,  1;
  -2,  17, -64,  140, -196,  182, -112,   44, -10,   1;
   2, -19,  81, -204,  336, -378,  294, -156,  54, -11, 1;
   ...
which may be related to A029653. - _R. J. Mathar_, Mar 29 2013
From _Peter Bala_, Dec 23 2014: (Start)
With the array M(k) as defined in the Formula section, the infinite product M(0)*M(1)*M(2)*... begins
/1      \ /1        \ /1       \       /1       \
|2 1     ||0 1       ||0 1      |      |2  1     |
|4 3 1   ||0 2 1     ||0 0 1    |... = |4  5 1   |
|8 7 4 1 ||0 4 3 1   ||0 0 2 1  |      |8 19 9 1 |
|...     ||0 8 7 4 1 ||0 0 4 3 1|      |...      |
|...     ||...       ||...      |      |         |
= A143494. (End)
Matrix factorization of square array as P*U*transpose(P):
/1      \ /1        \ /1 1 1 1 ...\    /1  1  1  1 ...\
|1 1     ||1 1       ||0 1 2 3 ... |   |2  3  4  5 ... |
|1 2 1   ||1 1 1     ||0 0 1 3 ... | = |4  7 11 16 ... |
|1 3 3 1 ||1 1 1 1   ||0 0 0 1 ... |   |8 15 26 42 ... |
|...     ||...       ||...         |   |...            |
- _Peter Bala_, Jan 13 2016
		

Crossrefs

Column sequences: A000079 (powers of 2, m=0), A000225 (m=1), A000295 (m=2), A002662 (m=3), A002663 (m=4), A002664 (m=5), A035038 (m=6), A035039 (m=7), A035040 (m=8), A035041 (m=9), A035042 (m=10).
Row sums: A001792(n) = A055249(n, 0).
Alternating row sums: A011782.
Cf. A011971, A159573. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 16 2009

Programs

  • Haskell
    a055248 n k = a055248_tabl !! n !! k
    a055248_row n = a055248_tabl !! n
    a055248_tabl = map reverse a008949_tabl
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 20 2015
  • Maple
    T := (n,k) -> 2^n - (1/2)*binomial(n, k-1)*hypergeom([1, n + 1], [n-k + 2], 1/2).
    seq(seq(simplify(T(n,k)), k=0..n),n=0..10); # Peter Luschny, Oct 10 2019
  • Mathematica
    a[n_, m_] := Sum[ Binomial[n, m + j], {j, 0, n}]; Table[a[n, m], {n, 0, 10}, {m, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 05 2013, after Paul Barry *)
    T[n_, k_] := Binomial[n, k] * Hypergeometric2F1[1, k - n, k + 1, -1];
    Flatten[Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 7}, {k, 0, n}]]  (* Peter Luschny, Oct 06 2023 *)

Formula

a(n, m) = A008949(n, n-m), if n > m >= 0.
a(n, m) = Sum_{k=m..n} A007318(n, k) (partial row sums in columns m).
Column m recursion: a(n, m) = Sum_{j=m..n-1} a(j, m) + A007318(n, m) if n >= m >= 0, a(n, m) := 0 if n
G.f. for column m: (1/(1-2*x))*(x/(1-x))^m, m >= 0.
a(n, m) = Sum_{j=0..n} binomial(n, m+j). - Paul Barry, Feb 03 2005
Inverse binomial transform (by columns) of A112626. - Ross La Haye, Dec 31 2006
T(2n,n) = A032443(n). - Philippe Deléham, Sep 16 2009
From Peter Bala, Dec 23 2014: (Start)
Exp(x) * e.g.f. for row n = e.g.f. for diagonal n. For example, for n = 3 we have exp(x)*(8 + 7*x + 4*x^2/2! + x^3/3!) = 8 + 15*x + 26*x^2/2! + 42*x^3/3! + 64*x^4/4! + .... The same property holds more generally for Riordan arrays of the form ( f(x), x/(1 - x) ).
Let M denote the present triangle. For k = 0,1,2,... define M(k) to be the lower unit triangular block array
/I_k 0\
\ 0 M/ having the k X k identity matrix I_k as the upper left block; in particular, M(0) = M. The infinite product M(0)*M(1)*M(2)*..., which is clearly well-defined, is equal to A143494 (but with a different offset). See the Example section. Cf. A106516. (End)
a(n,m) = Sum_{p=m..n} 2^(n-p)*binomial(p-1,m-1), n >= m >= 0, else 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 09 2015
T(n, k) = 2^n - (1/2)*binomial(n, k-1)*hypergeom([1, n+1], [n-k+2], 1/2). - Peter Luschny, Oct 10 2019
T(n, k) = binomial(n, k)*hypergeom([1, k - n], [k + 1], -1). - Peter Luschny, Oct 06 2023
n-th row polynomial R(n, x) = (2^n - x*(1 + x)^n)/(1 - x). These polynomials can be used to find series acceleration formulas for the constants log(2) and Pi. - Peter Bala, Mar 03 2025

A004070 Table of Whitney numbers W(n,k) read by antidiagonals, where W(n,k) is maximal number of pieces into which n-space is sliced by k hyperplanes, n >= 0, k >= 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 1, 1, 2, 4, 7, 5, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 6, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 16, 7, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 26, 22, 8, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 42, 29, 9, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 57, 64, 37, 10, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 63, 99, 93, 46, 11, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 120, 163
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

As a number triangle, this is given by T(n,k)=sum{j=0..n, C(n,j)(-1)^(n-j)sum{i=0..j, C(j+k,i-k)}}. - Paul Barry, Aug 23 2004
As a number triangle, this is the Riordan array (1/(1-x), x(1+x)) with T(n,k)=sum{i=0..n, binomial(k,i-k)}. Diagonal sums are then A023434(n+1). - Paul Barry, Feb 16 2005
Form partial sums across rows of square array of binomial coefficients A026729; see also A008949. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 28 2005
Square array A026729 -> Partial sums across rows
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . . .
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 . . . . 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 . . . . . .
1 2 1 0 0 0 0 . . . . 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 . . . . . .
1 3 3 1 0 0 0 . . . . 1 4 7 8 8 8 8 . . . . . .
For other Whitney numbers see A007799.
W(n,k) is the number of length k binary sequences containing no more than n 1's. - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 15 2010
From Emeric Deutsch, Jun 15 2010: (Start)
Viewed as a number triangle, T(n,k) is the number of internal nodes of the Fibonacci tree of order n+2 at level k. A Fibonacci tree of order n (n>=2) is a complete binary tree whose left subtree is the Fibonacci tree of order n-1 and whose right subtree is the Fibonacci tree of order n-2; each of the Fibonacci trees of order 0 and 1 is defined as a single node.
(End)
Named after the American mathematician Hassler Whitney (1907-1989). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 13 2021

Examples

			Table W(n,k) begins:
  1 1 1 1  1  1  1 ...
  1 2 3 4  5  6  7 ...
  1 2 4 7 11 16 22 ...
  1 2 4 8 15 26 42 ...
W(2,4) = 11 because there are 11 length 4 binary sequences containing no more than 2 1's: {0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 0, 0}, {1, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 0, 0}. - _Geoffrey Critzer_, Mar 15 2010
Table T(n, k) begins:
  1
  1  1
  1  2  1
  1  2  3  1
  1  2  4  4  1
  1  2  4  7  5  1
  1  2  4  8 11  6  1
...
		

References

  • Donald E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 3, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1998, p. 417.

Crossrefs

Cf. A007799. As a triangle, mirror A052509.
Rows converge to powers of two (A000079). Subdiagonals include A000225, A000295, A002662, A002663, A002664, A035038, A035039, A035040, A035041, A035042. Antidiagonal sums are A000071.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Transpose[ Table[Table[Sum[Binomial[n, k], {k, 0, m}], {m, 0, 15}], {n, 0, 15}]] // Grid (* Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 15 2010 *)
    T[ n_, k_] := Sum[ Binomial[n, j] (-1)^(n - j) Sum[ Binomial[j + k, i - k], {i, 0, j}], {j, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, May 31 2016 *)
  • PARI
    /* array read by antidiagonals up coordinate index functions */
    t1(n) = binomial(floor(3/2 + sqrt(2+2*n)), 2) - (n+1); /* A025581 */
    t2(n) = n - binomial(floor(1/2 + sqrt(2+2*n)), 2); /* A002262 */
    /* define the sequence array function for A004070 */
    W(n, k) = sum(i=0, n, binomial(k, i));
    /* visual check ( origin 0,0 ) */
    printp(matrix(7, 7, n, k, W(n-1, k-1)));
    /* print the sequence entries by antidiagonals going up ( origin 0,0 ) */
    print1("S A004070 "); for(n=0, 32, print1(W(t1(n), t2(n))","));
    print1("T A004070 "); for(n=33, 61, print1(W(t1(n), t2(n))","));
    print1("U A004070 "); for(n=62, 86, print1(W(t1(n), t2(n))",")); /* Michael Somos, Apr 28 2000 */
    
  • PARI
    T(n, k)=sum(m=0, n-k, binomial(k, m)) \\ Jianing Song, May 30 2022

Formula

W(n, k) = Sum_{i=0..n} binomial(k, i). - Bill Gosper
W(n, k) = if k=0 or n=0 then 1 else W(n, k-1)+W(n-1, k-1). - David Broadhurst, Jan 05 2000
The table W(n,k) = A000012 * A007318(transform), where A000012 = (1; 1,1; 1,1,1; ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 15 2007
E.g.f. for row n: (1 + x + x^2/2! + ... + x^n/n!)* exp(x). - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 15 2010
G.f.: 1 / (1 - x - x*y*(1 - x^2)) = Sum_{0 <= k <= n} x^n * y^k * T(n, k). - Michael Somos, May 31 2016
W(n, n) = 2^n. - Michael Somos, May 31 2016
From Jianing Song, May 30 2022: (Start)
T(n, 0) = T(n, n) = 1 for n >= 0; T(n, k) = T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-2, k-1) for k=1, 2, ..., n-1, n >= 2.
T(n, k) = Sum_{m=0..n-k} binomial(k, m).
T(n,k) = 2^k for 0 <= k <= floor(n/2). (End)

Extensions

More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), Mar 20 2000

A002663 a(n) = 2^n - C(n,0) - C(n,1) - C(n,2) - C(n,3).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 22, 64, 163, 382, 848, 1816, 3797, 7814, 15914, 32192, 64839, 130238, 261156, 523128, 1047225, 2095590, 4192510, 8386560, 16774891, 33551806, 67105912, 134214424, 268431773, 536866822, 1073737298
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Starting with "1" = eigensequence of a triangle with bin(n,4), A000332 as the left border: (1, 5, 15, 35, 70, ...) and the rest 1's. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 24 2010
The Kn25 sums, see A180662, of triangle A065941 equal the terms (doubled) of this sequence minus the four leading zeros. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 14 2011
(1 + 6x + 22x^2 + 64x^3 + ...) = (1 + 3x + 6x^2 + 10x^3 + ...) * (1 + 3x + 7x^2 + 15x^3 + ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 14 2012
The sequence starting (1, 6, 22, ...) is the binomial transform of A171418 and starting (0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 22, ...) is the binomial transform of (0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2015
Number of binary sequences with at least four 0's. - Enrique Navarrete, Jul 23 2025

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

a(n)= A055248(n, 4). Partial sums of A002662.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a002663 n = a002663_list !! n
    a002663_list = map (sum . drop 4) a007318_tabl
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 20 2015
    
  • Magma
    [2^n - Binomial(n,0)- Binomial(n,1) - Binomial(n,2) - Binomial(n,3): n in [0..35]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 20 2011
    
  • Maple
    A002663 := proc(n): 2^n - add(binomial(n,k),k=0..3) end: seq(A002663(n), n=0..30); # Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 14 2011
  • Mathematica
    a=1;lst={};s1=s2=s3=s4=0;Do[s1+=a;s2+=s1;s3+=s2;s4+=s3;AppendTo[lst,s4];a=a*2,{n,5!}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jan 10 2009 *)
    Table[Sum[ Binomial[n + 4, k + 4], {k, 0, n}], {n, -4, 26}] (* Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 08 2009 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=(6*2^n-n^3-5*n-6)/6 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 24 2015

Formula

a(n) = 2^n - A000125(n).
G.f.: x^4/((1-2*x)*(1-x)^4). - Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k+4) = Sum_{k=4..n} binomial(n,k). - Paul Barry, Aug 23 2004
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + binomial(n-1,3). - Paul Barry, Aug 23 2004
a(n) = (6*2^n - n^3 - 5*n - 6)/6. - Mats Granvik, Gary W. Adamson, Feb 17 2010
From Enrique Navarrete, Jul 23 2025: (Start)
a(n) = 6*a(n-1) - 14*a(n-2) + 16*a(n-3) - 9*a(n-4) + 2*a(n-5).
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(exp(x) - 1 - x - x^2/2 - x^3/6). (End)

A035038 a(n) = 2^n - C(n,0) - C(n,1) - ... - C(n,5).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 8, 37, 130, 386, 1024, 2510, 5812, 12911, 27824, 58651, 121670, 249528, 507624, 1026876, 2069256, 4158861, 8344056, 16721761, 33486026, 67025182, 134116144, 268313018, 536724316, 1073567387, 2147277280, 4294724471, 8589650318, 17179537972
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Starting with "1", equals the eigensequence of a triangle with A000579 = binomial(n,6) = (1, 7, 28, 84, 210, ...) as the left column and the rest 1's. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 24 2010

Programs

  • Haskell
    a035038 n = a035038_list !! n
    a035038_list = map (sum . drop 6) a007318_tabl
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 20 2015
    
  • Magma
    [n le 5 select 0 else (&+[Binomial(n,j): j in [6..n]]): n in [0..50]]; // G. C. Greubel, Mar 20 2023
    
  • Maple
    a:= n-> (Matrix(7, (i,j)-> if (i=j-1) then 1 elif j=1 then [8,-27,50,-55, 36,-13,2][i] else 0 fi)^(n))[1,7]:
    seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 05 2008
  • Mathematica
    Table[Sum[Binomial[n, k+6], {k,0,n}], {n,0,30}] (* Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 08 2009 *)
    Table[2^n-Total[Binomial[n,Range[0,5]]],{n,0,40}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Oct 24 2017 *)
  • SageMath
    [sum(binomial(n,j) for j in range(6,n+1)) for n in range(51)] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 20 2023

Formula

From Paul Barry, Aug 23 2004: (Start)
G.f.: x^6/((1-2*x)*(1-x)^6).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n, k+6) = Sum_{k=6..n} C(n, k).
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + C(n-1, 5). (End)

A035042 a(n) = 2^n - C(n,0)- ... - C(n,9).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 12, 79, 378, 1471, 4944, 14893, 41226, 106762, 262144, 616666, 1401292, 3096514, 6690448, 14198086, 29703676, 61450327, 126025204, 256737233, 520381366, 1050777737, 2115862624, 4251885323, 8531819446
Offset: 0

Keywords

References

  • J. Eckhoff, Der Satz von Radon in konvexen Productstrukturen II, Monat. f. Math., 73 (1969), 7-30.

Crossrefs

a(n)= A055248(n, 10). Partial sums of A035041.
Cf. A007318.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a035042 n = a035042_list !! n
    a035042_list = map (sum . drop 10) a007318_tabl
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 20 2015
  • Maple
    a:=n->sum(binomial(n,j),j=10..n): seq(a(n), n=0..33); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jan 04 2007
  • Mathematica
    Table[2^n-Sum[Binomial[n,i],{i,0,9}],{n,0,40}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 05 2013 *)

Formula

G.f.: x^10/((1-2*x)*(1-x)^10).

A035039 a(n) = 2^n - C(n,0) - C(n,1) - ... - C(n,6).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 9, 46, 176, 562, 1586, 4096, 9908, 22819, 50643, 109294, 230964, 480492, 988116, 2014992, 4084248, 8243109, 16587165, 33308926, 66794952, 133820134, 267936278, 536249296, 1072973612, 2146540999
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Partial sums of A035038.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a035039 n = a035039_list !! n
    a035039_list = map (sum . drop 7) a007318_tabl
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 20 2015
  • Maple
    a:=n->sum(binomial(n,j),j=7..n): seq(a(n), n=0..31); # Zerinvary Lajos, Feb 12 2007
  • Mathematica
    a=1;lst={};s1=s2=s3=s4=s5=s6=s7=0;Do[s1+=a;s2+=s1;s3+=s2;s4+=s3;s5+=s4;s6+=s5;s7+=s6;AppendTo[lst,s7];a=a*2,{n,5!}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jan 10 2009 *)
    Table[2^n-Total[Binomial[n,Range[0,6]]],{n,40}] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {9,-35,77,-105,91,-49,15,-2},{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 22 2016 *)

Formula

a(n) = A055248(n,7).
G.f.: x^7/((1-2*x)*(1-x)^7).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n}, C(n, k+7) = Sum_{k=7..n} C(n, k); a(n) = 2a(n-1) + C(n-1, 6). - Paul Barry, Aug 23 2004
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