cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A049029 Triangle read by rows, the Bell transform of the quartic factorial numbers A007696(n+1) without column 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 1, 45, 15, 1, 585, 255, 30, 1, 9945, 5175, 825, 50, 1, 208845, 123795, 24150, 2025, 75, 1, 5221125, 3427515, 775845, 80850, 4200, 105, 1, 151412625, 108046575, 27478710, 3363045, 219450, 7770, 140, 1, 4996616625, 3824996175, 1069801425
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Previous name was: Triangle of numbers related to triangle A048882; generalization of Stirling numbers of second kind A008277, Lah-numbers A008297, ...
a(n,m) enumerates unordered n-vertex m-forests composed of m plane increasing quintic (5-ary) trees. Proof based on the a(n,m) recurrence. See also the F. Bergeron et al. reference, especially Table 1, first row and Example 1 for the e.g.f. for m=1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 14 2007
Also the Bell transform of A007696(n+1). For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428. - Peter Luschny, Jan 28 2016

Examples

			Triangle starts:
{1};
{5,1};
{45,15,1};
{585,255,30,1};
{9945,5175,825,50,1};
...
		

Crossrefs

a(n, m) := S2(5, n, m) is the fifth triangle of numbers in the sequence S2(1, n, m) := A008277(n, m) (Stirling 2nd kind), S2(2, n, m) := A008297(n, m) (Lah), S2(3, n, m) := A035342(n, m), S2(4, n, m) := A035469(n, m). a(n, 1)= A007696(n). A007559(n).
Cf. A048882, A007696. Row sums: A049120(n), n >= 1.

Programs

Formula

a(n, m) = n!*A048882(n, m)/(m!*4^(n-m)); a(n+1, m) = (4*n+m)*a(n, m)+ a(n, m-1), n >= m >= 1; a(n, m) := 0, n
a(n, m) = sum(|A051142(n, j)|*S2(j, m), j=m..n) (matrix product), with S2(j, m) := A008277(j, m) (Stirling2 triangle). Priv. comm. to W. Lang by E. Neuwirth, Feb 15 2001; see also the 2001 Neuwirth reference. See the general comment on products of Jabotinsky matrices given under A035342.
From Peter Bala, Nov 25 2011: (Start)
E.g.f.: G(x,t) = exp(t*A(x)) = 1+t*x+(5*t+t^2)*x^2/2!+(45*t+15*t^2+t^3)*x^3/3!+..., where A(x) = -1+(1-4*x)^(-1/4) satisfies the autonomous differential equation A'(x) = (1+A(x))^5.
The generating function G(x,t) satisfies the partial differential equation t*(dG/dt+G) = (1-4*x)*dG/dx, from which follows the recurrence given above.
The row polynomials are given by D^n(exp(x*t)) evaluated at x = 0, where D is the operator (1+x)^5*d/dx. Cf. A008277 (D = (1+x)*d/dx), A105278 (D = (1+x)^2*d/dx), A035342 (D = (1+x)^3*d/dx) and A035469 (D = (1+x)^4*d/dx).
(End)

Extensions

New name from Peter Luschny, Jan 30 2016

A051617 a(n) = (4*n+5)(!^4)/5(!^4), related to A007696(n+1) ((4*n+1)(!^4) quartic, or 4-factorials).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 9, 117, 1989, 41769, 1044225, 30282525, 999323325, 36974963025, 1515973484025, 68218806781125, 3342721532275125, 177164241210581625, 10098361749003152625, 616000066689192310125, 40040004334797500158125
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Row m=5 of the array A(5; m,n) := ((4*n+m)(!^4))/m(!^4), m >= 0, n >= 0.

Crossrefs

Cf. A047053, A007696(n+1), A000407, A034176(n+1), A034177(n+1) (rows m=0..4).

Programs

  • Magma
    m:=30; R:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), m); b:=Coefficients(R!(1/(1-4*x)^(9/4))); [Factorial(n-1)*b[n]: n in [1..m]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 15 2018
  • Mathematica
    s=1;lst={s};Do[s+=n*s;AppendTo[lst, s], {n, 8, 5!, 4}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Nov 08 2008 *)
    With[{nn = 30}, CoefficientList[Series[1/(1 - 4*x)^(9/4), {x, 0, nn}], x]*Range[0, nn]!] (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 15 2018 *)
  • PARI
    x='x+O('x^30); Vec(serlaplace(1/(1-4*x)^(9/4))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Aug 15 2018
    

Formula

a(n) = ((4*n+5)(!^4))/5(!^4).
E.g.f.: 1/(1-4*x)^(9/4).

A265604 Triangle read by rows: The inverse Bell transform of the quartic factorial numbers (A007696).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, -2, 3, 1, 0, 10, -5, 6, 1, 0, -80, 30, -5, 10, 1, 0, 880, -290, 45, 5, 15, 1, 0, -12320, 3780, -560, 35, 35, 21, 1, 0, 209440, -61460, 8820, -735, 0, 98, 28, 1, 0, -4188800, 1192800, -167300, 14700, -735, 0, 210, 36, 1
Offset: 0

Author

Peter Luschny, Dec 30 2015

Keywords

Examples

			[ 1]
[ 0,      1]
[ 0,      1,      1]
[ 0,     -2,      3,      1]
[ 0,     10,     -5,      6,      1]
[ 0,    -80,     30,     -5,     10,      1]
[ 0,    880,   -290,     45,      5,     15,      1]
		

Crossrefs

Inverse Bell transforms of other multifactorials are: A048993, A049404, A049410, A075497, A075499, A075498, A119275, A122848, A265605.

Programs

  • Sage
    # uses[bell_transform from A264428]
    def inverse_bell_matrix(generator, dim):
        G = [generator(k) for k in srange(dim)]
        row = lambda n: bell_transform(n, G)
        M = matrix(ZZ, [row(n)+[0]*(dim-n-1) for n in srange(dim)]).inverse()
        return matrix(ZZ, dim, lambda n,k: (-1)^(n-k)*M[n,k])
    multifact_4_1 = lambda n: prod(4*k + 1 for k in (0..n-1))
    print(inverse_bell_matrix(multifact_4_1, 8))

A034255 Related to quartic factorial numbers A007696.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 120, 1560, 21216, 297024, 4243200, 61526400, 902387200, 13355330560, 199115837440, 2986737561600, 45030812467200, 681895160217600, 10364806435307520, 158063298138439680, 2417438677411430400, 37067393053641932800, 569667303771760230400, 8772876478085107548160
Offset: 1

Keywords

Crossrefs

First column of triangle A048882.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Rest[CoefficientList[Series[(-1+(1-16x)^(-1/4))/4,{x,0,20}],x]] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 19 2011 *)

Formula

a(n) = 4^(n-1)*A007696(n)/n!, where A007696(n) = (4*n-3)(!^4) = Product_{j=1..n} (4*j-3), n >= 1.
G.f.: (-1+(1-16*x)^(-1/4))/4.
a(n) = A048882(n, 1).
Convolution of A034385(n-1) with A025749(n), n >= 1.
D-finite with recurrence: n*a(n) + 4*(-4*n+3)*a(n-1) = 0. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 28 2020
a(n) ~ 2^(4*n-2) * n^(-3/4) / Gamma(1/4). - Amiram Eldar, Aug 18 2025

A051621 a(n) = (4*n+9)(!^4)/9(!^4), related to A007696(n+1) ((4*n+1)(!^4) quartic, or 4-factorials).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 13, 221, 4641, 116025, 3364725, 111035925, 4108329225, 168441498225, 7579867420125, 371413503586125, 19684915690064625, 1122040194333683625, 68444451854354701125, 4448889370533055573125, 306973366566780834545625
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Row m=9 of the array A(5; m,n) := ((4*n+m)(!^4))/m(!^4), m >= 0, n >= 0.

Crossrefs

Cf. A047053, A007696(n+1), A000407, A034176(n+1), A034177(n+1), A051617-A051622 (rows m=0..10).

Programs

  • Magma
    m:=30; R:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), m); b:=Coefficients(R!(1/(1-4*x)^(13/4))); [Factorial(n-1)*b[n]: n in [1..m]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 15 2018
  • Mathematica
    s=1;lst={s};Do[s+=n*s;AppendTo[lst, s], {n, 12, 5!, 4}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Nov 08 2008 *)
    With[{nn = 30}, CoefficientList[Series[1/(1 - 4*x)^(13/4), {x, 0, nn}], x]*Range[0, nn]!] (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 15 2018 *)
  • PARI
    x='x+O('x^30); Vec(serlaplace(1/(1-4*x)^(13/4))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Aug 15 2018
    

Formula

a(n) = ((4*n+9)(!^4))/9(!^4) = A007696(n+3)/(5*9).
E.g.f.: 1/(1-4*x)^(13/4).

A265606 Triangle read by rows: The Bell transform of the quartic factorial numbers (A007696).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 5, 3, 1, 0, 45, 23, 6, 1, 0, 585, 275, 65, 10, 1, 0, 9945, 4435, 990, 145, 15, 1, 0, 208845, 89775, 19285, 2730, 280, 21, 1, 0, 5221125, 2183895, 456190, 62965, 6370, 490, 28, 1, 0, 151412625, 62002395, 12676265, 1715490, 171255, 13230, 798, 36, 1
Offset: 0

Author

Peter Luschny, Dec 30 2015

Keywords

Examples

			[1],
[0, 1],
[0, 1, 1],
[0, 5, 3, 1],
[0, 45, 23, 6, 1],
[0, 585, 275, 65, 10, 1],
[0, 9945, 4435, 990, 145, 15, 1],
[0, 208845, 89775, 19285, 2730, 280, 21, 1],
		

Crossrefs

Bell transforms of other multifactorials are: A000369, A004747, A039683, A051141, A051142, A119274, A132062, A132393, A203412.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    (* The function BellMatrix is defined in A264428. *)
    rows = 10;
    M = BellMatrix[Pochhammer[1/4, #] 4^# &, rows];
    Table[M[[n, k]], {n, 1, rows}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 23 2019 *)
  • Sage
    # uses[bell_transform from A264428]
    def A265606_row(n):
        multifact_4_1 = lambda n: prod(4*k + 1 for k in (0..n-1))
        mfact = [multifact_4_1(k) for k in (0..n)]
        return bell_transform(n, mfact)
    [A265606_row(n) for n in (0..7)]

A169619 Hankel transform of quartic (or 4-fold) factorial numbers A007696.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 640, 11059200, 39749419008000, 48575443603606732800000, 29918051262318914110928977920000000, 12898757220773940360062849214160935321600000000000
Offset: 0

Author

Paul Barry, Dec 03 2009

Keywords

Crossrefs

Cf. A007696.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Table[Product[((4*k+1)*(4*k+4))^(n-k), {k,0,n}], {n,0,10}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 23 2024 *)

Formula

a(n) = Product_{k=0..n} ((4*k+1)*(4*k+4))^(n-k).
a(n) ~ 2^(2*n^2 + 3*n + 5/8) * Pi^(n + 5/8) * n^(n^2 + 5*n/4 + 35/96) / (A^(7/8) * Gamma(1/4)^(n + 1/4) * exp(3*n^2/2 + 5*n/4 - 7/96 - G/(4*Pi))), where G is Catalan's constant A006752 and A is the Glaisher-Kinkelin constant A074962. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 23 2024

A048994 Triangle of Stirling numbers of first kind, s(n,k), n >= 0, 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 2, -3, 1, 0, -6, 11, -6, 1, 0, 24, -50, 35, -10, 1, 0, -120, 274, -225, 85, -15, 1, 0, 720, -1764, 1624, -735, 175, -21, 1, 0, -5040, 13068, -13132, 6769, -1960, 322, -28, 1, 0, 40320, -109584, 118124, -67284, 22449, -4536, 546, -36, 1, 0, -362880, 1026576, -1172700, 723680, -269325, 63273, -9450, 870, -45, 1
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

The unsigned numbers are also called Stirling cycle numbers: |s(n,k)| = number of permutations of n objects with exactly k cycles.
Mirror image of the triangle A054654. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 30 2006
Also the triangle gives coefficients T(n,k) of x^k in the expansion of C(x,n) = (a(k)*x^k)/n!. - Mokhtar Mohamed, Dec 04 2012
From Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 14 2018: (Start)
This is the Sheffer triangle of Jabotinsky type (1, log(1 + x)). See the e.g.f. of the triangle below.
This is the inverse Sheffer triangle of the Stirling2 Sheffer triangle A008275.
The a-sequence of this Sheffer triangle (see a W. Lang link in A006232)
is from the e.g.f. A(x) = x/(exp(x) -1) a(n) = Bernoulli(n) = A027641(n)/A027642(n), for n >= 0. The z-sequence vanishes.
The Boas-Buck sequence for the recurrences of columns has o.g.f. B(x) = Sum_{n>=0} b(n)*x^n = 1/((1 + x)*log(1 + x)) - 1/x. b(n) = (-1)^(n+1)*A002208(n+1)/A002209(n+1), b = {-1/2, 5/12, -3/8, 251/720, -95/288, 19087/60480,...}. For the Boas-Buck recurrence of Riordan and Sheffer triangles see the Aug 10 2017 remark in A046521, adapted to the Sheffer case, also for two references. See the recurrence and example below. (End)
Let G(n,m,k) be the number of simple labeled graphs on [n] with m edges and k components. Then T(n,k) = Sum (-1)^m*G(n,m,k). See the Read link below. Equivalently, T(n,k) = Sum mu(0,p) where the sum is over all set partitions p of [n] containing k blocks and mu is the Moebius function in the incidence algebra associated to the set partition lattice on [n]. - Geoffrey Critzer, May 11 2024

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  n\k 0     1       2       3      4      5      6    7    8   9 ...
  0   1
  1   0     1
  2   0    -1       1
  3   0     2      -3       1
  4   0    -6      11      -6      1
  5   0    24     -50      35    -10      1
  6   0  -120     274    -225     85    -15      1
  7   0   720   -1764    1624   -735    175    -21    1
  8   0 -5040   13068  -13132   6769  -1960    322  -28    1
  9   0 40320 -109584  118124 -67284  22449  -4536  546  -36   1
  ... - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Aug 22 2012
------------------------------------------------------------------
From _Wolfdieter Lang_, Nov 14 2018: (Start)
Recurrence: s(5,2)= s(4, 1) - 4*s(4, 2) = -6 - 4*11 = -50.
Recurrence from the a- and z-sequences: s(6, 3) = 2*(1*1*(-50) + 3*(-1/2)*35 + 6*(1/6)*(-10) + 10*0*1) = -225.
Boas-Buck recurrence for column k = 3, with b = {-1/2, 5/12, -3/8, ...}:
s(6, 3) = 6!*((-3/8)*1/3! + (5/12)*(-6)/4! + (-1/2)*35/5!) = -225. (End)
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 833.
  • L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974; Chapter V, also p. 310.
  • J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, Copernicus Press, NY, 1996, p. 93.
  • F. N. David, M. G. Kendall and D. E. Barton, Symmetric Function and Allied Tables, Cambridge, 1966, p. 226.
  • R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990, p. 245.
  • J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, p. 48.

Crossrefs

See especially A008275 which is the main entry for this triangle. A132393 is an unsigned version, and A008276 is another version.
A000142(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} |s(n, k)| for n >= 0.
Row sums give A019590(n+1).

Programs

  • Haskell
    a048994 n k = a048994_tabl !! n !! k
    a048994_row n = a048994_tabl !! n
    a048994_tabl = map fst $ iterate (\(row, i) ->
    (zipWith (-) ([0] ++ row) $ map (* i) (row ++ [0]), i + 1)) ([1], 0)
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 18 2013
  • Maple
    A048994:= proc(n,k) combinat[stirling1](n,k) end: # R. J. Mathar, Feb 23 2009
    seq(print(seq(coeff(expand(k!*binomial(x,k)),x,i),i=0..k)),k=0..9); # Peter Luschny, Jul 13 2009
    A048994_row := proc(n) local k; seq(coeff(expand(pochhammer(x-n+1,n)), x,k), k=0..n) end: # Peter Luschny, Dec 30 2010
  • Mathematica
    Table[StirlingS1[n, m], {n, 0, 9}, {m, 0, n}] (* Peter Luschny, Dec 30 2010 *)
  • Maxima
    create_list(stirling1(n,k),n,0,12,k,0,n); /* Emanuele Munarini, Mar 11 2011 */
    
  • PARI
    a(n,k) = if(k<0 || k>n,0, if(n==0,1,(n-1)*a(n-1,k)+a(n-1,k-1)))
    
  • PARI
    trg(nn)=for (n=0, nn-1, for (k=0, n, print1(stirling(n,k,1), ", ");); print();); \\ Michel Marcus, Jan 19 2015
    

Formula

s(n, k) = A008275(n,k) for n >= 1, k = 1..n; column k = 0 is {1, repeat(0)}.
s(n, k) = s(n-1, k-1) - (n-1)*s(n-1, k), n, k >= 1; s(n, 0) = s(0, k) = 0; s(0, 0) = 1.
The unsigned numbers a(n, k)=|s(n, k)| satisfy a(n, k)=a(n-1, k-1)+(n-1)*a(n-1, k), n, k >= 1; a(n, 0) = a(0, k) = 0; a(0, 0) = 1.
Triangle (signed) = [0, -1, -1, -2, -2, -3, -3, -4, -4, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...]; Triangle(unsigned) = [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...]; where DELTA is Deléham's operator defined in A084938.
Sum_{k=0..n} (-m)^(n-k)*s(n, k) = A000142(n), A001147(n), A007559(n), A007696(n), ... for m = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... .- Philippe Deléham, Oct 29 2005
A008275*A007318 as infinite lower triangular matrices. - Gerald McGarvey, Aug 20 2009
T(n,k) = n!*[x^k]([t^n]exp(x*log(1+t))). - Peter Luschny, Dec 30 2010, updated Jun 07 2020
From Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 14 2018: (Start)
Recurrence from the Sheffer a-sequence (see a comment above): s(n, k) = (n/k)*Sum_{j=0..n-k} binomial(k-1+j, j)*Bernoulli(j)*s(n-1, k-1+j), for n >= 1 and k >= 1, with s(n, 0) = 0 if n >= 1, and s(0,0) = 1.
Boas-Buck type recurrence for column k: s(n, k) = (n!*k/(n - k))*Sum_{j=k..n-1} b(n-1-j)*s(j, k)/j!, for n >= 1 and k = 0..n-1, with input s(n, n) = 1. For sequence b see the Boas-Buck comment above. (End)
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=k..n} (-1)^(n-j)*A271705(n,j)*A216294(j,k). - Mélika Tebni, Feb 23 2023

Extensions

Offset corrected by R. J. Mathar, Feb 23 2009
Formula corrected by Philippe Deléham, Sep 10 2009

A001813 Quadruple factorial numbers: a(n) = (2n)!/n!.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 12, 120, 1680, 30240, 665280, 17297280, 518918400, 17643225600, 670442572800, 28158588057600, 1295295050649600, 64764752532480000, 3497296636753920000, 202843204931727360000, 12576278705767096320000, 830034394580628357120000, 58102407620643984998400000
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Counts binary rooted trees (with out-degree <= 2), embedded in plane, with n labeled end nodes of degree 1. Unlabeled version gives Catalan numbers A000108.
Define a "downgrade" to be the permutation which places the items of a permutation in descending order. We are concerned with permutations that are identical to their downgrades. Only permutations of order 4n and 4n+1 can have this property; the number of permutations of length 4n having this property are equinumerous with those of length 4n+1. If a permutation p has this property then the reversal of this permutation also has it. a(n) = number of permutations of length 4n and 4n+1 that are identical to their downgrades. - Eugene McDonnell (eemcd(AT)mac.com), Oct 26 2003
Number of broadcast schemes in the complete graph on n+1 vertices, K_{n+1}. - Calin D. Morosan (cd_moros(AT)alumni.concordia.ca), Nov 28 2008
Hankel transform is A137565. - Paul Barry, Nov 25 2009
The e.g.f. of 1/a(n) = n!/(2*n)! is (exp(sqrt(x)) + exp(-sqrt(x)) )/2. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 09 2012
From Tom Copeland, Nov 15 2014: (Start)
Aerated with intervening zeros (1,0,2,0,12,0,120,...) = a(n) (cf. A123023 and A001147), the e.g.f. is e^(t^2), so this is the base for the Appell sequence with e.g.f. e^(t^2) e^(x*t) = exp(P(.,x),t) (reverse A059344, cf. A099174, A066325 also). P(n,x) = (a. + x)^n with (a.)^n = a_n and comprise the umbral compositional inverses for e^(-t^2)e^(x*t) = exp(UP(.,x),t), i.e., UP(n,P(.,t)) = x^n = P(n,UP(.,t)), e.g., (P(.,t))^n = P(n,t).
Equals A000407*2 with leading 1 added. (End)
a(n) is also the number of square roots of any permutation in S_{4*n} whose disjoint cycle decomposition consists of 2*n transpositions. - Luis Manuel Rivera Martínez, Mar 04 2015
Self-convolution gives A076729. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Oct 11 2016
For n > 1, it follows from the formula dated Aug 07 2013 that a(n) is a Zumkeller number (A083207). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Feb 28 2017
For n divisible by 4, a(n/4) is the number of ways to place n points on an n X n grid with pairwise distinct abscissae, pairwise distinct ordinates, and 90-degree rotational symmetry. For n == 1 (mod 4), the number of ways is a((n-1)/4) because the center point can be considered "fixed". For 180-degree rotational symmetry see A006882, for mirror symmetry see A000085, A135401, and A297708. - Manfred Scheucher, Dec 29 2017

Examples

			The following permutations of order 8 and their reversals have this property:
  1 7 3 5 2 4 0 6
  1 7 4 2 5 3 0 6
  2 3 7 6 1 0 4 5
  2 4 7 1 6 0 3 5
  3 2 6 7 0 1 5 4
  3 5 1 7 0 6 2 4
		

References

  • D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 4, Section 7.2.1.6, Eq. 32.
  • L. C. Larson, The number of essentially different nonattacking rook arrangements, J. Recreat. Math., 7 (No. 3, 1974), circa pages 180-181.
  • Eugene McDonnell, "Magic Squares and Permutations" APL Quote-Quad 7.3 (Fall, 1976)
  • R. W. Robinson, Counting arrangements of bishops, pp. 198-214 of Combinatorial Mathematics IV (Adelaide 1975), Lect. Notes Math., 560 (1976).
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • GAP
    List([0..20],n->Factorial(2*n)/Factorial(n)); # Muniru A Asiru, Nov 01 2018
    
  • Magma
    [Factorial(2*n)/Factorial(n): n in [0..20]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 09 2018
    
  • Maple
    A001813 := n->(2*n)!/n!;
    A001813 := n -> mul(k, k = select(k-> k mod 4 = 2,[$1 .. 4*n])):
    seq(A001813(n), n=0..16);  # Peter Luschny, Jun 23 2011
  • Mathematica
    Table[(2n)!/n!, {n,0,20}] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 02 2011 *)
  • Maxima
    makelist(binomial(n+n, n)*n!,n,0,30); /* Martin Ettl, Nov 05 2012 */
    
  • PARI
    a(n)=binomial(n+n,n)*n! \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 15 2011
    
  • PARI
    first(n) = x='x+O('x^n); Vec(serlaplace((1 - 4*x)^(-1/2))) \\ Iain Fox, Jan 01 2018 (corrected by Iain Fox, Jan 11 2018)
    
  • Python
    from math import factorial
    def A001813(n): return factorial(n<<1)//factorial(n) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 14 2023
  • Sage
    [binomial(2*n,n)*factorial(n) for n in range(0, 17)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Dec 03 2009
    

Formula

E.g.f.: (1-4*x)^(-1/2).
a(n) = (2*n)!/n! = Product_{k=0..n-1} (4*k + 2) = A081125(2*n).
Integral representation as n-th moment of a positive function on a positive half-axis: a(n) = Integral_{x=0..oo} x^n*exp(-x/4)/(sqrt(x)*2*sqrt(Pi)) dx, n >= 0. This representation is unique. - Karol A. Penson, Sep 18 2001
Define a'(1)=1, a'(n) = Sum_{k=1..n-1} a'(n-k)*a'(k)*C(n, k); then a(n)=a'(n+1). - Benoit Cloitre, Apr 27 2003
With interpolated zeros (1, 0, 2, 0, 12, ...) this has e.g.f. exp(x^2). - Paul Barry, May 09 2003
a(n) = A000680(n)/A000142(n)*A000079(n) = Product_{i=0..n-1} (4*i + 2) = 4^n*Pochhammer(1/2, n) = 4^n*GAMMA(n+1/2)/sqrt(Pi). - Daniel Dockery (peritus(AT)gmail.com), Jun 13 2003
For asymptotics, see the Robinson paper.
a(k) = (2*k)!/k! = Sum_{i=1..k+1} |A008275(i,k+1)| * k^(i-1). - André F. Labossière, Jun 21 2007
a(n) = 12*A051618(a) n >= 2. - Zerinvary Lajos, Feb 15 2008
a(n) = A000984(n)*A000142(n). - Zerinvary Lajos, Mar 25 2008
a(n) = A016825(n-1)*a(n-1). - Roger L. Bagula, Sep 17 2008
a(n) = (-1)^n*A097388(n). - D. Morosan (cd_moros(AT)alumni.concordia.ca), Nov 28 2008
From Paul Barry, Jan 15 2009: (Start)
G.f.: 1/(1-2x/(1-4x/(1-6x/(1-8x/(1-10x/(1-... (continued fraction);
a(n) = (n+1)!*A000108(n). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A132393(n,k)*2^(2n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 10 2009
G.f.: 1/(1-2x-8x^2/(1-10x-48x^2/(1-18x-120x^2/(1-26x-224x^2/(1-34x-360x^2/(1-42x-528x^2/(1-... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Nov 25 2009
a(n) = A173333(2*n,n) for n>0; cf. A006963, A001761. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 19 2010
From Gary W. Adamson, Jul 19 2011: (Start)
a(n) = upper left term of M^n, M = an infinite square production matrix as follows:
2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...
4, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, ...
6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 0, ...
8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 0, ...
...
(End)
a(n) = (-2)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} 2^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
G.f.: 1/Q(0), where Q(k) = 1 + x*(4*k+2) - x*(4*k+4)/Q(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 18 2013
G.f.: 2/G(0), where G(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x*(8*k+4)/(x*(8*k+4) - 1 + 8*x*(k+1)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 30 2013
G.f.: G(0)/2, where G(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - 2*x/(2*x + 1/(2*k+1)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jun 01 2013
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) = (4*n-6)*a(n-2) + (4*n-3)*a(n-1), n>=2. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Aug 07 2013
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = (exp(1/4)*sqrt(Pi)*erf(1/2) + 2)/2 = 1 + A214869, where erf(x) is the error function. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Nov 10 2016
Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n/a(n) = 1 - sqrt(Pi)*erfi(1/2)/(2*exp(1/4)), where erfi(x) is the imaginary error function. - Amiram Eldar, Feb 20 2021
a(n) = 1/([x^n] hypergeom([1], [1/2], x/4)). - Peter Luschny, Sep 13 2024
a(n) = 2^n*n!*JacobiP(n, -1/2, -n, 3). - Peter Luschny, Jan 22 2025
G.f.: 2F0(1,1/2;;4x). - R. J. Mathar, Jun 07 2025

Extensions

More terms from James Sellers, May 01 2000

A007559 Triple factorial numbers (3*n-2)!!! with leading 1 added.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 28, 280, 3640, 58240, 1106560, 24344320, 608608000, 17041024000, 528271744000, 17961239296000, 664565853952000, 26582634158080000, 1143053268797440000, 52580450364682240000, 2576442067869429760000, 133974987529210347520000, 7368624314106569113600000
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

a(n) is the number of increasing quaternary trees on n vertices. (See A001147 for ternary and A000142 for binary trees.) - David Callan, Mar 30 2007
a(n) is the product of the positive integers k <= 3*n that have k modulo 3 = 1. - Peter Luschny, Jun 23 2011
See A094638 for connections to differential operators. - Tom Copeland, Sep 20 2011
Partial products of A016777. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 20 2013
For n > 2, a(n) is a Zumkeller number. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Jan 28 2020
a(n) is the number of generalized permutations of length n related to the degenerate Eulerian numbers (see arXiv:2007.13205), cf. A336633. - Orli Herscovici, Jul 28 2020

Examples

			G.f. = 1 + x + 4*x^2 + 28*x^3 + 280*x^4 + 3640*x^5 + 58240*x^6 + ...
a(3) = 28 and a(4) = 280; with top row of M^3 = (28, 117, 108, 27), sum = 280.
		

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

a(n)= A035469(n, 1), n >= 1, (first column of triangle A035469(n, m)).
Cf. A107716. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 22 2009
Cf. A095660. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 19 2011
Subsequence of A007661. A007696, A008548.
a(n) = A286718(n,0), n >= 0.
Row sums of A336633.

Programs

  • GAP
    List([0..20], n-> Product([0..n-1], k-> 3*k+1 )); # G. C. Greubel, Aug 20 2019
  • Haskell
    a007559 n = a007559_list !! n
    a007559_list = scanl (*) 1 a016777_list
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 20 2013
    
  • Magma
    b:= func< n | (n lt 2) select n else (3*n-2)*Self(n-1) >;
    [1] cat [b(n): n in [1..20]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 20 2019
    
  • Maple
    A007559 := n -> mul(k, k = select(k-> k mod 3 = 1, [$1 .. 3*n])): seq(A007559(n), n = 0 .. 17); # Peter Luschny, Jun 23 2011
    # second Maple program:
    b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<1, 1, n*b(n-3)) end:
    a:= n-> b(3*n-2):
    seq(a(n), n=0..20);  # Alois P. Heinz, Dec 18 2024
  • Mathematica
    a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 1 / Product[ k, {k, - 2, 3 n - 1, -3}],
      Product[ k, {k, 1, 3 n - 2, 3}]]; (* Michael Somos, Oct 14 2011 *)
    FoldList[Times,1,Range[1,100,3]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 05 2013 *)
    Range[0, 19]! CoefficientList[Series[((1 - 3 x)^(-1/3)), {x, 0, 19}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 08 2015 *)
  • Maxima
    a(n):=if n=1 then 1 else (n)!*(sum(m/n*sum(binomial(k,n-m-k)*(-1/3)^(n-m-k)* binomial (k+n-1,n-1),k,1,n-m),m,1,n)+1); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 09 2010 */
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<0, (-1)^n / prod(k=0,-1-n, 3*k + 2), prod(k=0, n-1, 3*k + 1))}; /* Michael Somos, Oct 14 2011 */
    
  • PARI
    my(x='x+O('x^33)); Vec(serlaplace((1-3*x)^(-1/3))) /* Joerg Arndt, Apr 24 2011 */
    
  • Sage
    def A007559(n) : return mul(j for j in range(1,3*n,3))
    [A007559(n) for n in (0..17)]  # Peter Luschny, May 20 2013
    

Formula

a(n) = Product_{k=0..n-1} (3*k + 1).
a(n) = (3*n - 2)!!!.
a(n) = A007661(3*n-2).
E.g.f.: (1-3*x)^(-1/3).
a(n) ~ sqrt(2*Pi)/Gamma(1/3)*n^(-1/6)*(3*n/e)^n*(1 - (1/36)/n - ...). - Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org), Nov 22 2001
a(n) = 3^n*Pochhammer(1/3, n).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-3)^(n-k)*A048994(n, k). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 29 2005
a(n) = n!*(1+Sum_{m=1..n} (m/n)*Sum_{k=1..n-m} binomial(k, n-m-k)*(-1/3)^(n-m-k)*binomial(k+n-1, n-1)), n>1. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 09 2010
From Gary W. Adamson, Jul 19 2011: (Start)
a(n) = upper left term in M^n, M = a variant of Pascal (1,3) triangle (Cf. A095660); as an infinite square production matrix:
1, 3, 0, 0, 0,...
1, 4, 3, 0, 0,...
1, 5, 7, 3, 0,...
...
a(n+1) = sum of top row terms of M^n. (End)
a(n) = (-2)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} (3/2)^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
G.f.: 1/Q(0) where Q(k) = 1 - x*(3*k+1)/( 1 - x*(3*k+3)/Q(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Mar 21 2013
G.f.: G(0)/2, where G(k)= 1 + 1/(1 - x*(3*k+1)/(x*(3*k+1) + 1/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 26 2013
E.g.f.: E(0)/2, where E(k)= 1 + 1/(1 - x*(3*k+1)/(x*(3*k+1) + (k+1)/E(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 26 2013
Let D(x) = 1/sqrt(1 - 2*x) be the e.g.f. for the sequence of double factorial numbers A001147. Then the e.g.f. A(x) for the triple factorial numbers satisfies D( Integral_{t=0..x} A(t) dt ) = A(x). Cf. A007696 and A008548. - Peter Bala, Jan 02 2015
O.g.f.: hypergeom([1, 1/3], [], 3*x). - Peter Luschny, Oct 08 2015
a(n) = 3^n * Gamma(n + 1/3)/Gamma(1/3). - Artur Jasinski, Aug 23 2016
a(n) = (-1)^n / A008544(n), 0 = a(n)*(+3*a(n+1) -a(n+2)) +a(n+1)*a(n+1) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Sep 30 2018
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) +(-3*n+2)*a(n-1)=0, n>=1. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 14 2020
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = (e/9)^(1/3) * (Gamma(1/3) - Gamma(1/3, 1/3)). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 29 2020

Extensions

Better description from Wolfdieter Lang
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