cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 77 results. Next

A141158 Duplicate of A038872.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 11, 19, 29, 31, 41, 59, 61, 71, 79, 89, 101, 109, 131, 139, 149, 151, 179, 181, 191, 199, 211, 229, 239, 241, 251, 269, 271, 281, 311, 331, 349, 359, 379, 389, 401, 409, 419, 421, 431, 439, 449, 461, 479, 491, 499, 509, 521, 541, 569, 571, 599, 601, 619
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Laura Caballero Fernandez, Lourdes Calvo Moguer, Maria Josefa Cano Marquez, Oscar Jesus Falcon Ganfornina and Sergio Garrido Morales (oscfalgan(AT)yahoo.es), Jun 12 2008

Keywords

Comments

Original name was: Primes of the form x^2 + 4*x*y - y^2.
Discriminant = 20. Class number = 1. Binary quadratic forms a*x^2 + b*x*y + c*y^2 have discriminant d = b^2 - 4ac and gcd(a,b,c) = 1 (primitive).
Values of the quadratic form are {0, 1, 4} mod 5, so this is a subsequence of A038872. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 30 2008
Is this the same sequence as A038872? [Yes. See a comment in A038872, and the comment by Jianing Song below. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 19 2019]
Also primes of the form u^2 - 5v^2. The transformation {u,v}={x+2y,y} transforms it into the one in the title. - Tito Piezas III, Dec 28 2008
From Jianing Song, Sep 20 2018: (Start)
Yes, this is a duplicate of A038872. For primes p congruent to {1, 4} mod 5, they split in the ring Z[(1+sqrt(5))/2]. Since Z[(1+sqrt(5))/2] is a UFD, they are reducible in Z[(1+sqrt(5))/2], so we have p = e*((a + b*sqrt(5))/2)*((a - b*sqrt(5))/2), where a and b have the same parity and e = +-1. WLOG we can suppose e = 1, otherwise substitute a, b by (a+5*b)/2 and (a+b)/2. Now we show that there exists integer u, v such that p = (u + v*sqrt(5))*(u - v*sqrt(5)) = u^2 - 5*v^2.
(i) If u, v are both even, then choose u = a/2, v = b/2.
(ii) If u, v are both odd, 4 | (a-b), then choose u = (3*a+5*b)/4, v = (3*b+a)/4.
(iii) If u, v are both odd, 4 | (a+b), then choose u = (3*a-5*b)/4, v = (3*b-a)/4.
Hence every prime congruent to {1, 4} mod 5 is of the form u^2 - 5*v^2. On the other hand, u^2 - 5*v^2 == 0, 1, 4 (mod 5). So these two sequences are the same.
Also primes of the form x^2 - x*y - y^2 (discriminant 5) with 0 <= x <= y (or x^2 + x*y - y^2 with x, y nonnegative). (End) [Comment revised by Jianing Song, Feb 24 2021]

Examples

			a(3) = 19 because we can write 19 = 2^2 + 4*2*5 - 5^2.
		

Programs

  • Mathematica
    lim = 25; Select[Union[Flatten[Table[x^2 + 4 x y - y^2, {x, 0, lim}, {y, 0, lim}]]], # > 0 && # < lim^2 && PrimeQ[#] &] (* T. D. Noe, Aug 31 2012 *)

A028387 a(n) = n + (n+1)^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 11, 19, 29, 41, 55, 71, 89, 109, 131, 155, 181, 209, 239, 271, 305, 341, 379, 419, 461, 505, 551, 599, 649, 701, 755, 811, 869, 929, 991, 1055, 1121, 1189, 1259, 1331, 1405, 1481, 1559, 1639, 1721, 1805, 1891, 1979, 2069, 2161, 2255, 2351, 2449, 2549, 2651
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

a(n+1) is the least k > a(n) + 1 such that A000217(a(n)) + A000217(k) is a square. - David Wasserman, Jun 30 2005
Values of Fibonacci polynomial n^2 - n - 1 for n = 2, 3, 4, 5, ... - Artur Jasinski, Nov 19 2006
A127701 * [1, 2, 3, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jan 24 2007
Row sums of triangle A135223. - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 23 2007
Equals row sums of triangle A143596. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 26 2008
a(n-1) gives the number of n X k rectangles on an n X n chessboard (for k = 1, 2, 3, ..., n). - Aaron Dunigan AtLee, Feb 13 2009
sqrt(a(0) + sqrt(a(1) + sqrt(a(2) + sqrt(a(3) + ...)))) = sqrt(1 + sqrt(5 + sqrt(11 + sqrt(19 + ...)))) = 2. - Miklos Kristof, Dec 24 2009
When n + 1 is prime, a(n) gives the number of irreducible representations of any nonabelian group of order (n+1)^3. - Andrew Rupinski, Mar 17 2010
a(n) = A176271(n+1, n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 13 2010
The product of any 4 consecutive integers plus 1 is a square (see A062938); the terms of this sequence are the square roots. - Harvey P. Dale, Oct 19 2011
Or numbers not expressed in the form m + floor(sqrt(m)) with integer m. - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 09 2012
Left edge of the triangle in A214604: a(n) = A214604(n+1,1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 25 2012
Another expression involving phi = (1 + sqrt(5))/2 is a(n) = (n + phi)(n + 1 - phi). Therefore the numbers in this sequence, even if they are prime in Z, are not prime in Z[phi]. - Alonso del Arte, Aug 03 2013
a(n-1) = n*(n+1) - 1, n>=0, with a(-1) = -1, gives the values for a*c of indefinite binary quadratic forms [a, b, c] of discriminant D = 5 for b = 2*n+1. In general D = b^2 - 4ac > 0 and the form [a, b, c] is a*x^2 + b*x*y + c*y^2. - Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 15 2013
a(n) has prime factors given by A038872. - Richard R. Forberg, Dec 10 2014
A253607(a(n)) = -1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 05 2015
An example of a quadratic sequence for which the continued square root map (see A257574) produces the number 2. There are infinitely many sequences with this property - another example is A028387. See Popular Computing link. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 03 2015
Left edge of the triangle in A260910: a(n) = A260910(n+2,1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 04 2015
Numbers m such that 4m+5 is a square. - Bruce J. Nicholson, Jul 19 2017
The numbers represented as 131 in base n: 131_4 = 29, 131_5 = 41, ... . If 'digits' larger than the base are allowed then 131_2 = 11 and 131_1 = 5 also. - Ron Knott, Nov 14 2017
From Klaus Purath, Mar 18 2019: (Start)
Let m be a(n) or a prime factor of a(n). Then, except for 1 and 5, there are, if m is a prime, exactly two squares y^2 such that the difference y^2 - m contains exactly one pair of factors {x,z} such that the following applies: x*z = y^2 - m, x + y = z with
x < y, where {x,y,z} are relatively prime numbers. {x,y,z} are the initial values of a sequence of the Fibonacci type. Thus each a(n) > 5, if it is a prime, and each prime factor p > 5 of an a(n) can be assigned to exactly two sequences of the Fibonacci type. a(0) = 1 belongs to the original Fibonacci sequence and a(1) = 5 to the Lucas sequence.
But also the reverse assignment applies. From any sequence (f(i)) of the Fibonacci type we get from its 3 initial values by f(i)^2 - f(i-1)*f(i+1) with f(i-1) < f(i) a term a(n) or a prime factor p of a(n). This relation is also valid for any i. In this case we get the absolute value |a(n)| or |p|. (End)
a(n-1) = 2*T(n) - 1, for n>=1, with T = A000217, is a proper subsequence of A089270, and the terms are 0,-1,+1 (mod 5). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 05 2019
a(n+1) is the number of wedged n-dimensional spheres in the homotopy of the neighborhood complex of Kneser graph KG_{2,n}. Here, KG_{2,n} is a graph whose vertex set is the collection of subsets of cardinality 2 of set {1,2,...,n+3,n+4} and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they are disjoint. - Anurag Singh, Mar 22 2021
Also the number of squares between (n+2)^2 and (n+2)^4. - Karl-Heinz Hofmann, Dec 07 2021
(x, y, z) = (A001105(n+1), -a(n-1), -a(n)) are solutions of the Diophantine equation x^3 + 4*y^3 + 4*z^3 = 8. - XU Pingya, Apr 25 2022
The least significant digit of terms of this sequence cycles through 1, 5, 1, 9, 9. - Torlach Rush, Jun 05 2024

Examples

			From _Ilya Gutkovskiy_, Apr 13 2016: (Start)
Illustration of initial terms:
                                        o               o
                        o           o   o o           o o
            o       o   o o       o o   o o o       o o o
    o   o   o o   o o   o o o   o o o   o o o o   o o o o
o   o o o   o o o o o   o o o o o o o   o o o o o o o o o
n=0  n=1       n=2           n=3               n=4
(End)
From _Klaus Purath_, Mar 18 2019: (Start)
Examples:
a(0) = 1: 1^1-0*1 = 1, 0+1 = 1 (Fibonacci A000045).
a(1) = 5: 3^2-1*4 = 5, 1+3 = 4 (Lucas A000032).
a(2) = 11: 4^2-1*5 = 11, 1+4 = 5 (A000285); 5^2-2*7 = 11, 2+5 = 7 (A001060).
a(3) = 19: 5^2-1*6 = 19, 1+5 = 6 (A022095); 7^2-3*10 = 19, 3+7 = 10 (A022120).
a(4) = 29: 6^2-1*7 = 29, 1+6 = 7 (A022096); 9^2-4*13 = 29, 4+9 = 13 (A022130).
a(11)/5 = 31: 7^2-2*9 = 31, 2+7 = 9 (A022113); 8^2-3*11 = 31, 3+8 = 11 (A022121).
a(24)/11 = 59: 9^2-2*11 = 59, 2+9 = 11 (A022114); 12^2-5*17 = 59, 5+12 = 17 (A022137).
(End)
		

Crossrefs

Complement of A028392. Third column of array A094954.
Cf. A000217, A002522, A062392, A062786, A127701, A135223, A143596, A052905, A162997, A062938 (squares of this sequence).
A110331 and A165900 are signed versions.
Cf. A002327 (primes), A094210.
Frobenius number for k successive numbers: this sequence (k=2), A079326 (k=3), A138984 (k=4), A138985 (k=5), A138986 (k=6), A138987 (k=7), A138988 (k=8).

Programs

Formula

a(n) = sqrt(A062938(n)). - Floor van Lamoen, Oct 08 2001
a(0) = 1, a(1) = 5, a(n) = (n+1)*a(n-1) - (n+2)*a(n-2) for n > 1. - Gerald McGarvey, Sep 24 2004
a(n) = A105728(n+2, n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 18 2005
a(n) = A109128(n+2, 2). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 20 2005
a(n) = 2*T(n+1) - 1, where T(n) = A000217(n). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 15 2007
a(n) = A005408(n) + A002378(n); A084990(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} a(k). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 20 2007
Binomial transform of [1, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, ...] = (1, 5, 11, 19, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 20 2007
G.f.: (1+2*x-x^2)/(1-x)^3. a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 11 2009
a(n) = (n + 2 + 1/phi) * (n + 2 - phi); where phi = 1.618033989... Example: a(3) = 19 = (5 + .6180339...) * (3.381966...). Cf. next to leftmost column in A162997 array. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 23 2009
a(n) = a(n-1) + 2*(n+1), with n > 0, a(0) = 1. - Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 18 2010
For k < n, a(n) = (k+1)*a(n-k) - k*a(n-k-1) + k*(k+1); e.g., a(5) = 41 = 4*11 - 3*5 + 3*4. - Charlie Marion, Jan 13 2011
a(n) = lower right term in M^2, M = the 2 X 2 matrix [1, n; 1, (n+1)]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 29 2011
G.f.: (x^2-2*x-1)/(x-1)^3 = G(0) where G(k) = 1 + x*(k+1)*(k+4)/(1 - 1/(1 + (k+1)*(k+4)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction, 3-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 16 2012
Sum_{n>0} 1/a(n) = 1 + Pi*tan(sqrt(5)*Pi/2)/sqrt(5). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Oct 11 2013
E.g.f.: exp(x) (1+4*x+x^2). - Tom Copeland, Dec 02 2013
a(n) = A005408(A000217(n)). - Tony Foster III, May 31 2016
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 29 2021: (Start)
Product_{n>=0} (1 + 1/a(n)) = -Pi*sec(sqrt(5)*Pi/2).
Product_{n>=1} (1 - 1/a(n)) = -Pi*sec(sqrt(5)*Pi/2)/6. (End)
a(5*n+1)/5 = A062786(n+1). - Torlach Rush, Jun 05 2024

Extensions

Minor edits by N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 04 2010, following suggestions from the Sequence Fans Mailing List

A068228 Primes congruent to 1 (mod 12).

Original entry on oeis.org

13, 37, 61, 73, 97, 109, 157, 181, 193, 229, 241, 277, 313, 337, 349, 373, 397, 409, 421, 433, 457, 541, 577, 601, 613, 661, 673, 709, 733, 757, 769, 829, 853, 877, 937, 997, 1009, 1021, 1033, 1069, 1093, 1117, 1129, 1153, 1201, 1213, 1237, 1249, 1297
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Ferenc Adorjan (fadorjan(AT)freemail.hu), Feb 22 2002

Keywords

Comments

This has several equivalent definitions (cf. the Tunnell link)
Also primes of the form x^2 + 9y^2 (discriminant -36). - T. D. Noe, May 07 2005 [corrected by Klaus Purath, Jan 18 2023]
Also primes of the form x^2 - 12y^2 (discriminant 48). Cf. A140633. - T. D. Noe, May 19 2008 [corrected by Klaus Purath, Jan 18 2023]
Also primes of the form x^2 + 4*x*y + y^2.
Also primes of the form x^2 + 2*x*y - 2*y^2 (cf. A084916).
Also primes of the form x^2 + 6*x*y - 3*y^2.
Also primes of the form 4*x^2 + 8*x*y + y^2.
Also primes of the form u^2 - 3v^2 (use the transformation {u,v} = {x+2y,y}). - Tito Piezas III, Dec 28 2008
Sequence lists generalized cuban primes (A007645) that are the sum of 2 nonzero squares. - Altug Alkan, Nov 25 2015
Yasutoshi Kohmoto observes that prevprime(a(n)) is more frequently congruent to 3 (mod 4) than to 1. This bias can be explained by the possible prime constellations and gaps: To have the same residue mod 4 as a prime in the list, the previous prime must be at a gap of 4 or 8 or 12 ..., but a gap of 4 is impossible because 12k + 1 - 4 is divisible by 3, and gaps >= 12 are very rare for small primes. To have the residue 3 (mod 4) the previous prime can be at a gap of 2 or 6 with no a priori divisibility property. However, this bias tends to disappear as the primes (and average prime gaps) grow bigger: for primes < 10^5, the ratio is about 35% vs. 65% as the above simple explanation suggests, but considering primes up to 10^8 yields a ratio of about 41% vs. 59%. It can be expected that the ratio asymptotically tends to 1:1. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 01 2017
Also primes of the form x^2 - 27*y^2. - Klaus Purath, Jan 18 2023

References

  • Z. I. Borevich and I. R. Shafarevich, Number Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1966.
  • David A. Cox, Primes of the Form x^2 + n y^2, Wiley, 1989.

Crossrefs

Subsequence of A084916.
Subsequence of A007645.
Also primes in A084916, A020672.
Cf. A141123 (d=12), A141111, A141112 (d=65), A141187 (d=48) A038872 (d=5), A038873 (d=8), A038883 (d=13), A038889 (d=17).
For a list of sequences giving numbers and/or primes represented by binary quadratic forms, see the "Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS" link.

Programs

  • Magma
    [p: p in PrimesUpTo(1400) | p mod 12 in {1}]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 14 2012
    For other programs see the "Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS" link.
  • Maple
    select(isprime, [seq(i,i=1..10000, 12)]); # Robert Israel, Nov 27 2015
  • Mathematica
    Select[Prime/@Range[250], Mod[ #, 12]==1&]
    Select[Range[13, 10^4, 12], PrimeQ] (* Zak Seidov, Mar 21 2011 *)
  • PARI
    for(i=1,250, if(prime(i)%12==1, print(prime(i))))
    
  • PARI
    forstep(p=13,10^4,12,isprime(p)&print(p)); \\ Zak Seidov, Mar 21 2011
    

Extensions

Edited by Dean Hickerson, Feb 27 2002
Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 18 2014 (Edited, merged with A141122, submitted by Laura Caballero Fernandez, Lourdes Calvo Moguer, Maria Josefa Cano Marquez, Oscar Jesus Falcon Ganfornina and Sergio Garrido Morales (oscfalgan(AT)yahoo.es), Jun 05 2008).

A007519 Primes of form 8n+1, that is, primes congruent to 1 mod 8.

Original entry on oeis.org

17, 41, 73, 89, 97, 113, 137, 193, 233, 241, 257, 281, 313, 337, 353, 401, 409, 433, 449, 457, 521, 569, 577, 593, 601, 617, 641, 673, 761, 769, 809, 857, 881, 929, 937, 953, 977, 1009, 1033, 1049, 1097, 1129, 1153, 1193, 1201, 1217, 1249, 1289, 1297, 1321, 1361
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Discriminant is 32, class is 2. Binary quadratic forms ax^2 + bxy + cy^2 have discriminant d = b^2 - 4ac and gcd(a, b, c) = 1.
Integers n (n > 9) of form 4k + 1 such that binomial(n-1, (n-1)/4) == 1 (mod n) - Benoit Cloitre, Feb 07 2004
Primes of the form x^2 + 8y^2. - T. D. Noe, May 07 2005
Also primes of the form x^2 + 16y^2. See A140633. - T. D. Noe, May 19 2008
Is this the same sequence as A141174?
Being a subset of A001132 and also a subset of A038873, this is also a subset of the primes of the form u^2 - 2v^2. - Tito Piezas III, Dec 28 2008
These primes p are only which possess the property: for every integer m from interval [0, p) with the Hamming distance D(m, p) = 2, there exists an integer h from (m, p) with D(m, h) = 2. - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 18 2012
Primes p such that p XOR 6 = p + 6. - Brad Clardy, Jul 22 2012
Odd primes p such that -1 is a 4th power mod p. - Eric M. Schmidt, Mar 27 2014
There are infinitely many primes of this form. See Brubaker link. - Alonso del Arte, Jan 12 2017
These primes split in Z[sqrt(2)]. For example, 17 = (-1)(1 - 3*sqrt(2))(1 + 3*sqrt(2)). This is also true of primes of the form 8n - 1. - Alonso del Arte, Jan 26 2017

Examples

			a(1) = 17 = 2 * 8 + 1 = (10001)_2. All numbers m from [0, 17) with the Hamming distance D(m, 17) = 2 are 0, 3, 5, 9. For m = 0, we can take h = 3, since 3 is drawn from (0, 17) and D(0, 3) = 2; for m = 3, we can take h = 5, since 5 from (3, 17) and D(3, 5) = 2; for m = 5, we can take h = 6, since 6 from (5, 17) and D(5, 6) = 2; for m = 9, we can take h = 10, since 10 is drawn from (9, 17) and D(9, 10) = 2. - _Vladimir Shevelev_, Apr 18 2012
		

References

  • Milton Abramowitz and Irene A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 870.
  • Z. I. Borevich and I. R. Shafarevich, Number Theory.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 261.

Crossrefs

Subsequence of A017077 and of A038873.
Cf. A139643. Complement in primes of A154264. Cf. A042987.
Cf. A038872 (d = 5). A038873 (d = 8). A068228, A141123 (d = 12). A038883 (d = 13). A038889 (d = 17). A141111, A141112 (d = 65).
Cf. also A242663.
For a list of sequences giving numbers and/or primes represented by binary quadratic forms, see the "Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS" link.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a007519 n = a007519_list !! (n-1)
    a007519_list = filter ((== 1) . a010051) [1,9..]
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 06 2012
    
  • Magma
    [p: p in PrimesUpTo(2000) | p mod 8 eq 1 ]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 21 2012
    
  • Mathematica
    Select[1 + 8 Range@ 170, PrimeQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v *)
  • PARI
    forprime(p=2,1e4,if(p%8==1,print1(p", "))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 16 2011
    
  • PARI
    forprimestep(p=17,10^4,8, print1(p", ")) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 17 2024
    
  • PARI
    lista(nn)= my(vpr = []); for (x = 0, nn, y = 0; while ((v = x^2+6*x*y+y^2) < nn, if (isprime(v), if (! vecsearch(vpr, v), vpr = concat(vpr, v); vpr = vecsort(vpr););); y++;);); vpr; \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 01 2014
    
  • PARI
    A007519_upto(N, start=1)=select(t->t%8==1,primes([start,N]))
    #A7519=A007519_upto(10^5)
    A007519(n)={while(#A7519A007519_upto(N*3\2, N+1))); A7519[n]} \\ M. F. Hasler, May 22 2025
    
  • SageMath
    # uses[binaryQF]
    # The function binaryQF is defined in the link 'Binary Quadratic Forms'.
    Q = binaryQF([1, 4, -4])
    print(Q.represented_positives(1361, 'prime'))  # Peter Luschny, Jan 26 2017

A007522 Primes of the form 8n+7, that is, primes congruent to -1 mod 8.

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 23, 31, 47, 71, 79, 103, 127, 151, 167, 191, 199, 223, 239, 263, 271, 311, 359, 367, 383, 431, 439, 463, 479, 487, 503, 599, 607, 631, 647, 719, 727, 743, 751, 823, 839, 863, 887, 911, 919, 967, 983, 991, 1031, 1039, 1063, 1087, 1103, 1151
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Primes that are the sum of no fewer than four positive squares.
Discriminant is 32, class is 2. Binary quadratic forms ax^2 + bxy + cy^2 have discriminant d = b^2 - 4ac and gcd(a, b, c) = 1.
Primes p such that x^4 = 2 has just two solutions mod p. Subsequence of A040098. Solutions mod p are represented by integers from 0 to p - 1. For p > 2, i is a solution mod p of x^4 = 2 if and only if p - i is a solution mod p of x^4 = 2, so the sum of the two solutions is p. The solutions are given in A065907 and A065908. - Klaus Brockhaus, Nov 28 2001
As this is a subset of A001132, this is also a subset of the primes of form x^2 - 2y^2. And as this is also a subset of A038873, this is also a subset of the primes of form x^2 - 2y^2. - Tito Piezas III, Dec 28 2008
Subsequence of A141164. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 26 2011
Also a subsequence of primes of the form x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 1. - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Apr 05 2012
Primes p such that p XOR 6 = p - 6. - Brad Clardy, Jul 22 2012

References

  • Z. I. Borevich and I. R. Shafarevich, Number Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1966.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • D. B. Zagier, Zetafunktionen und quadratische Körper, Springer, 1981.

Crossrefs

Subsequence of A004771.
Cf. A141174 (d = 32). A038872 (d = 5). A038873 (d = 8). A068228, A141123 (d = 12). A038883 (d = 13). A038889 (d = 17). A141111, A141112 (d = 65).

Programs

  • Haskell
    a007522 n = a007522_list !! (n-1)
    a007522_list = filter ((== 1) . a010051) a004771_list
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 29 2013
    
  • Magma
    [p: p in PrimesUpTo(2000) | p mod 8 eq 7]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 26 2014
  • Maple
    select(isprime, [seq(i,i=7..10000,8)]); # Robert Israel, Nov 22 2016
  • Mathematica
    Select[8Range[200] - 1, PrimeQ] (* Alonso del Arte, Nov 07 2016 *)
  • PARI
    (A007522(m) = local(p, s, x, z); forprime(p = 3, m, s = []; for(x = 0, p-1, if(x^4%p == 2%p, s = concat(s, [x]))); z = matsize(s)[2]; if(z == 2, print1(p, ", ")))); A007522(1400)  \\ Does not return a(m) but prints all terms <= m. - Edited to make it executable by M. F. Hasler, May 22 2025.
    
  • PARI
    A007522_upto(N, start=1)=select(p->p%8==7, primes([start, N]))
    #A7522=A007522_upto(10^5)
    A007522(n)={while(#A7522A007522_upto(N*3\2, N+1))); A7522[n]} \\ M. F. Hasler, May 22 2025
    

Formula

Equals A000040 INTERSECT A004215. - R. J. Mathar, Nov 22 2006
a(n) = 7 + A139487(n)*8, n >= 1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 18 2015

A038883 Odd primes p such that 13 is a square mod p.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 13, 17, 23, 29, 43, 53, 61, 79, 101, 103, 107, 113, 127, 131, 139, 157, 173, 179, 181, 191, 199, 211, 233, 251, 257, 263, 269, 277, 283, 311, 313, 337, 347, 367, 373, 389, 419, 433, 439, 443, 467, 491, 503, 521, 523, 547, 563, 569, 571, 599, 601, 607, 641
Offset: 1

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Comments

Equivalently, by quadratic reciprocity (since 13 == 1 (mod 4)), primes p which are squares mod 13.
The squares mod 13 are 0, 1, 4, 9, 3, 12 and 10.
Also primes of the form x^2 + 3*x*y - y^2. Discriminant = 13. Class = 1. This was originally a separate entry, submitted by Laura Caballero Fernandez, Lourdes Calvo Moguer, Maria Josefa Cano Marquez, Oscar Jesus Falcon Ganfornina and Sergio Garrido Morales (oscfalgan(AT)yahoo.es), Jun 06 2008. R. J. Mathar proved that this coincides with the present sequence, Jul 22 2008
Primes p such that x^2 + x = 3 has a solution mod p (the solutions over the reals are (-1+-sqrt(13))/2). - Joerg Arndt, Jul 27 2011

Examples

			13 == 1 (mod 3) and 1 is a square, so 3 is on the list.
101 is prime and congruent to 7^2 = 49 == 10 (mod 13), so 101 is on the list.
		

References

  • Z. I. Borevich and I. R. Shafarevich, Number Theory.

Crossrefs

Cf. A038872 (d=5). A038873 (d=8). A068228, A141123 (d=12). A038883 (primes p such that d=13 is a square mod p). A038889 (d=17). A141111, A141112 (d=65).
Cf. A296937.
For a list of sequences giving numbers and/or primes represented by binary quadratic forms, see the "Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS" link.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Select[ Prime@ Range@ 118, JacobiSymbol[ #, 13] > -1 &] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 16 2008 *)
    Select[Flatten[Table[13n + {1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 12}, {n, 50}]], PrimeQ[#] &] (* Alonso del Arte, Sep 16 2012 *)
  • PARI
    forprime(p=3,1e3,if(issquare(Mod(13,p)),print1(p", "))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 15 2011
    
  • PARI
    select( {is_A038883(n)=bittest(5659,n%13)&&isprime(n)}, [0..666]) \\ M. F. Hasler, Feb 17 2022
    
  • Sage
    # uses[binaryQF]
    # The function binaryQF is defined in the link 'Binary Quadratic Forms'.
    Q = binaryQF([1, 3, -1])
    print(Q.represented_positives(641, 'prime')) # Peter Luschny, Sep 20 2018

Formula

A000040 \ A120330 U {13}: Complement of A120330 in the primes, and 13. - M. F. Hasler, Feb 17 2022

Extensions

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 27 2008, Jul 28 2008

A045468 Primes congruent to {1, 4} mod 5.

Original entry on oeis.org

11, 19, 29, 31, 41, 59, 61, 71, 79, 89, 101, 109, 131, 139, 149, 151, 179, 181, 191, 199, 211, 229, 239, 241, 251, 269, 271, 281, 311, 331, 349, 359, 379, 389, 401, 409, 419, 421, 431, 439, 449, 461, 479, 491
Offset: 1

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Rational primes that decompose in the field Q(sqrt(5)). - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 26 2017
These are also primes p that divide Fibonacci(p-1). - Jud McCranie
Primes ending in 1 or 9. - Lekraj Beedassy, Oct 27 2003
Also primes p such that p divides 5^(p-1)/2 - 4^(p-1)/2. - Cino Hilliard, Sep 06 2004
Primes p such that the polynomial x^2-x-1 mod p has 2 distinct zeros. - T. D. Noe, May 02 2005
Same as A038872, apart from the term 5. - R. J. Mathar, Oct 18 2008
Appears to be the primes p such that p^6 mod 210 = 1. - Gary Detlefs, Dec 29 2011
Primes in A047209, also in A090771. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 07 2012
Primes p such that p does not divide Sum_{i=1..p} Fibonacci(i)^2. The sum is A001654(p). - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Jul 23 2012
Primes congruent to {1, 9} mod 10. Legendre symbol (5, a(n)) = +1. For prime 5 this symbol (5, 5) is set to 0, and (5, prime) = -1 for prime == {3, 7} (mod 10), given in A003631. - Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 05 2021

References

  • Hardy and Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, Chap. X, p. 150, Oxford University Press, Fifth edition.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Haskell
    a045468 n = a045468_list !! (n-1)
    a045468_list = [x | x <- a047209_list, a010051 x == 1]
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 07 2012
    
  • Magma
    [ p: p in PrimesUpTo(1000) | p mod 5 in {1,4} ]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 13 2012
  • Maple
    for n from 1 to 500 do if(isprime(n)) and (n^6 mod 210=1) then print(n) fi od;  # Gary Detlefs, Dec 29 2011
  • Mathematica
    lst={};Do[p=Prime[n];If[Mod[p,5]==1||Mod[p,5]==4,AppendTo[lst,p]],{n,6!}];lst (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 26 2009 *)
    Select[Prime[Range[200]],MemberQ[{1,4},Mod[#,5]]&] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 13 2012 *)
  • PARI
    list(lim)=select(n->n%5==1||n%5==4,primes(primepi(lim))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 25 2011
    

A033212 Primes congruent to 1 or 19 (mod 30).

Original entry on oeis.org

19, 31, 61, 79, 109, 139, 151, 181, 199, 211, 229, 241, 271, 331, 349, 379, 409, 421, 439, 499, 541, 571, 601, 619, 631, 661, 691, 709, 739, 751, 769, 811, 829, 859, 919, 991, 1009, 1021, 1039, 1051, 1069, 1129, 1171, 1201, 1231, 1249, 1279, 1291, 1321, 1381
Offset: 1

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Theorem: Same as primes of the form x^2+15*y^2 (discriminant -60). Proof: Cox, Cor. 2.27, p. 36.
Equivalently, primes congruent to 1 or 4 (mod 15). Also x^2+xy+4y^2 is the principal form of (fundamental) discriminant -15. The only other class for -15 contains the form 2x^2+xy+2y^2 (A106859), in the other genus. - Rick L. Shepherd, Jul 25 2014
Three further theorems (these were originally stated as conjectures, but are now known to be theorems, thanks to the work of J. B. Tunnell - see link):
1. The same as primes of the form x^2-xy+4y^2 (discriminant -15) and x^2-xy+19y^2 (discriminant -75), both with x and y nonnegative. - T. D. Noe, Apr 29 2008
2. The same as primes of the form x^2+xy+19y^2 (discriminant -75), with x and y nonnegative. - T. D. Noe, Apr 29 2008
3. The same as primes of the form x^2+5xy-5y^2 (discriminant 45). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 01 2014
Also primes of the form x^2+7*x*y+y^2 (discriminant 45).
Lemma (Will Jagy, Jun 12 2014): If c is any (positive or negative) even number, then x^2 + x y + c y^2 and x^2 + (4 c - 1) y^2 represent the same odd numbers.
Proof: x (x + y) + c y^2 = odd, therefore x is odd, x + y odd, so y is even. Let y = 2 t. Then x( x + 2 t) + 4 c t^2 = x^2 + 2 x t + 4 c t^2 = (x+t)^2 + (4c-1) t^2 = odd. QED With c = 4, neither one represents 2, so x^2+15y^2 and x^2+xy+4y^2 represent the same primes.
Also, primes which are squares (mod 3*5). Subsequence of A191018. - David Broadhurst and M. F. Hasler, Jan 15 2016

References

  • Z. I. Borevich and I. R. Shafarevich, Number Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1966.
  • David A. Cox, Primes of the Form x^2 + n y^2, Wiley, 1989.

Crossrefs

Primes in A243173 and in A243174.
Cf. A141785 (d=45), A033212 (Primes of form x^2+15*y^2), A038872(d=5), A038873 (d=8), A068228, A141123 (d=12), A038883 (d=13), A038889 (d=17), A141111, A141112 (d=65).
For a list of sequences giving numbers and/or primes represented by binary quadratic forms, see the "Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS" link.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    QuadPrimes2[1, 0, 15, 10000] (* see A106856 *)
    Select[Prime@Range[250], MemberQ[{1, 19}, Mod[#, 30]] &] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 05 2015 *)
  • PARI
    select(n->n%30==1||n%30==19, primes(100)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 09 2012
    
  • PARI
    is(p)=issquare(Mod(p,15))&&isprime(p) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 15 2016

Formula

a(n) ~ 4n log n. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 09 2012

Extensions

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 01 2014 and Oct 18 2014: added Tunnell document, revised entry, merged with A141184. The latter entry was submitted by Laura Caballero Fernandez, Lourdes Calvo Moguer, Maria Josefa Cano Marquez, Oscar Jesus Falcon Ganfornina and Sergio Garrido Morales (oscfalgan(AT)yahoo.es), Jun 12 2008.
Typo in crossrefs fixed by Colin Barker, Apr 05 2015

A141123 Primes of the form -x^2+2*x*y+2*y^2 (as well as of the form 3*x^2+6*x*y+2*y^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 11, 23, 47, 59, 71, 83, 107, 131, 167, 179, 191, 227, 239, 251, 263, 311, 347, 359, 383, 419, 431, 443, 467, 479, 491, 503, 563, 587, 599, 647, 659, 683, 719, 743, 827, 839, 863, 887, 911, 947, 971, 983, 1019, 1031, 1091, 1103, 1151, 1163, 1187, 1223
Offset: 1

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Author

Laura Caballero Fernandez, Lourdes Calvo Moguer, Maria Josefa Cano Marquez, Oscar Jesus Falcon Ganfornina and Sergio Garrido Morales (oscfalgan(AT)yahoo.es), Jun 05 2008

Keywords

Comments

Discriminant = 12. Class = 2. Binary quadratic forms a*x^2 + b*x*y + c*y^2 have discriminant d = b^2 - 4ac and gcd(a, b, c) = 1.
This is exactly {2} U A068231, primes congruent to 11 (mod 12). This is because the orders of imaginary quadratic fields with discriminant 12 has 1 class per genus (can be verified by the quadclassunit() function in PARI), so the primes represented by a binary quadratic form of this discriminant are determined by a congruence condition. - Jianing Song, Jun 22 2025

Examples

			a(3) = 11 because we can write 11 = -1^2 + 2*1*2 + 2*2^2 (or 11 = 3*1^2 + 6*1*1 + 2*1^2).
		

References

  • Z. I. Borevich and I. R. Shafarevich, Number Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1966.
  • D. B. Zagier, Zetafunktionen und quadratische Körper, Springer, 1981.

Crossrefs

Cf. A038872 (d=5), A038873 (d=8), A068228 (d=12, 48, or -36), A038883 (d=13), A038889 (d=17), A141111 and A141112 (d=65).
Essentially the same as A068231 and A141187.
For a list of sequences giving numbers and/or primes represented by binary quadratic forms, see the "Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS" link.
Cf. A084917.

Programs

  • Maple
    N:= 2000:
    S:= NULL:
    for xx from 1 to floor(2*sqrt(N/3)) do
      for yy from ceil(sqrt(max(1,3*xx^2-N))) to floor(sqrt(3)*xx) do
         S:= S, 3*xx^2-yy^2;
    od od:
    sort(convert(select(isprime,{S}),list)); # Robert Israel, Jul 20 2020
  • Mathematica
    Reap[For[p = 2, p < 2000, p = NextPrime[p], If[FindInstance[p == -x^2 + 2*x*y + 2*y^2, {x, y}, Integers, 1] =!= {}, Print[p]; Sow[p]]]][[2, 1]]
    (* or: *)
    Select[Prime[Range[200]], # == 2 || # == 3 || Mod[#, 12] == 11&] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 25 2016, updated Oct 29 2016 *)

Extensions

More terms from Colin Barker, Apr 05 2015

A031363 Positive numbers of the form x^2 + xy - y^2; or, of the form 5x^2 - y^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 5, 9, 11, 16, 19, 20, 25, 29, 31, 36, 41, 44, 45, 49, 55, 59, 61, 64, 71, 76, 79, 80, 81, 89, 95, 99, 100, 101, 109, 116, 121, 124, 125, 131, 139, 144, 145, 149, 151, 155, 164, 169, 171, 176, 179, 180, 181, 191, 196, 199, 205, 209, 211, 220, 225, 229, 236
Offset: 1

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Comments

5x^2 - y^2 has discriminant 20, x^2 + xy - y^2 has discriminant 5. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 30 2014
Representable as x^2 + 3xy + y^2 with 0 <= x <= y. - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 16 2003
Numbers k such that x^2 - 3xy + y^2 + k = 0 has integer solutions. - Colin Barker, Feb 04 2014
Numbers k such that x^2 - 7xy + y^2 + 9k = 0 has integer solutions. - Colin Barker, Feb 10 2014
Also positive numbers of the form x^2 - 5y^2. - Jon E. Schoenfield, Jun 03 2022

References

  • M. Baake, "Solution of coincidence problem ...", in R. V. Moody, ed., Math. of Long-Range Aperiodic Order, Kluwer 1997, pp. 9-44.

Crossrefs

Numbers representable as x^2 + k*x*y + y^2 with 0 <= x <= y, for k=0..9: A001481(k=0), A003136(k=1), A000290(k=2), this sequence, A084916(k=4), A243172(k=5), A242663(k=6), A243174(k=7), A243188(k=8), A316621(k=9).
See A035187 for number of representations.
Primes in this sequence: A038872, also A141158.
For a list of sequences giving numbers and/or primes represented by binary quadratic forms, see the "Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS" link.
See also the related sequence A263849 based on a theorem of Maass.

Programs

  • Maple
    select(t -> nops([isolve(5*x^2-y^2=t)])>0, [$1..1000]); # Robert Israel, Jun 12 2014
  • Mathematica
    ok[n_] := Resolve[Exists[{x, y}, Element[x|y, Integers], n == 5*x^2-y^2]]; Select[Range[236], ok]
    (* or, for a large number of terms: *)
    max = 60755 (* max=60755 yields 10000 terms *); A031363 = {}; xm = 1;
    While[T = A031363; A031363 = Table[5*x^2 - y^2, {x, 1, xm}, {y, 0, Floor[ x*Sqrt[5]]}] // Flatten // Union // Select[#, # <= max&]&; A031363 != T, xm = 2*xm]; A031363  (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 21 2011, updated Mar 17 2018 *)
  • PARI
    select(x -> x, direuler(p=2,101,1/(1-(kronecker(5,p)*(X-X^2))-X)), 1) \\ Fixed by Andrey Zabolotskiy, Jul 30 2020, after hints by Colin Barker, Jun 18 2014, and Michel Marcus
    
  • PARI
    is(n)=#bnfisintnorm(bnfinit(z^2-z-1),n) \\ Ralf Stephan, Oct 18 2013
    
  • PARI
    seq(M,k=3) = { \\ assume k >= 0
    setintersect([1..M], setbinop((x,y)->x^2 + k*x*y + y^2, [0..1+sqrtint(M)]));
    };
    seq(236) \\ Gheorghe Coserea, Jul 29 2018
    
  • Python
    from itertools import count, islice
    from sympy import factorint
    def A031363_gen(): # generator of terms
        return filter(lambda n:all(not((1 < p % 5 < 4) and e & 1) for p, e in factorint(n).items()),count(1))
    A031363_list = list(islice(A031363_gen(),30)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 28 2022

Formula

Consists exactly of numbers in which primes == 2 or 3 mod 5 occur with even exponents.
Indices of the nonzero terms in expansion of Dirichlet series Product_p (1-(Kronecker(m, p)+1)*p^(-s)+Kronecker(m, p)*p^(-2s))^(-1) for m = 5.

Extensions

More terms from Erich Friedman
b-file corrected and extended by Robert Israel, Jun 12 2014
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