cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A130518 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} floor(k/3). (Partial sums of A002264.)

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22, 26, 30, 35, 40, 45, 51, 57, 63, 70, 77, 84, 92, 100, 108, 117, 126, 135, 145, 155, 165, 176, 187, 198, 210, 222, 234, 247, 260, 273, 287, 301, 315, 330, 345, 360, 376, 392, 408, 425, 442, 459, 477, 495, 513, 532, 551, 570
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 01 2007

Keywords

Comments

Complementary with A130481 regarding triangular numbers, in that A130481(n) + 3*a(n) = n(n+1)/2 = A000217(n).
Apart from offset, the same as A062781. - R. J. Mathar, Jun 13 2008
Apart from offset, the same as A001840. - Michael Somos, Sep 18 2010
The sum of any three consecutive terms is a triangular number. - J. M. Bergot, Nov 27 2014

Crossrefs

Programs

Formula

G.f.: x^3 / ((1-x^3)*(1-x)^2).
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-2) + a(n-3) - 2*a(n-4) + a(n-5).
a(n) = (1/2)*floor(n/3)*(2*n - 1 - 3*floor(n/3)) = A002264(n)*(2n - 1 - 3*A002264(n))/2.
a(n) = (1/2)*A002264(n)*(n - 1 + A010872(n)).
a(n) = round(n*(n-1)/6) = round((n^2-n-1)/6) = floor(n*(n-1)/6) = ceiling((n+1)*(n-2)/6). - Mircea Merca, Nov 28 2010
a(n) = a(n-3) + n - 2, n > 2. - Mircea Merca, Nov 28 2010
a(n) = A214734(n, 1, 3). - Renzo Benedetti, Aug 27 2012
a(3n) = A000326(n), a(3n+1) = A005449(n), a(3n+2) = 3*A000217(n) = A045943(n). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 26 2013
a(n) = (3*n*(n-1) - (-1)^n*((1+i*sqrt(3))^(n-2) + (1-i*sqrt(3))^(n-2))/2^(n-3) - 2)/18, where i=sqrt(-1). - Bruno Berselli, Nov 30 2014
Sum_{n>=3} 1/a(n) = 20/3 - 2*Pi/sqrt(3). - Amiram Eldar, Sep 17 2022

A140259 a(0)=3; a(n)=A002264(n+11) if a(n-1)=1, a(n) = a(n-1)-1 if (n-1) mod 3 <> 0, otherwise a(n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 7, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 10, 9, 8, 8, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 14, 14, 13, 12, 12, 11, 10, 10, 9, 8, 8, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 21, 21, 20, 19, 19, 18, 17, 17, 16, 15, 15, 14, 13, 13, 12, 11, 11, 10, 9, 9, 8, 7, 7, 6, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 32, 31
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, May 16 2008, based on the 2008 postings by Nicolau Leal Werneck (nwerneck(AT)gmail.com)

Keywords

Comments

Position of the knot after each iteration in Werneck's Black Pearl Necklace problem.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Scheme
    (define (A140259 n) (cond ((zero? n) 3) ((= 1 (A140259 (- n 1))) (A002264 (+ n 11))) ((not (zero? (modulo (- n 1) 3))) (- (A140259 (- n 1)) 1)) (else (A140259 (- n 1)))))

A140260 Those n for which A140259(n) = A002264(n+11).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 4, 10, 19, 33, 54, 85, 132, 202, 307, 465, 702, 1057, 1590, 2389, 3588, 5386, 8083, 12129, 18198, 27301, 40956, 61438, 92161, 138246, 207373, 311064, 466600, 699904, 1049860, 1574794, 2362195, 3543297, 5314950, 7972429, 11958648
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, May 16 2008, based on the 2008 postings by Nicolau Leal Werneck (nwerneck(AT)gmail.com)

Keywords

Comments

These are the iterations where the knot comes to the front of the necklace in Werneck's Black Pearl Necklace problem.

Crossrefs

A096606 a(n) = A002264(n-1) - A096605(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, -1, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 30 2004

Keywords

A097964 Rectangular array read by rows (n > 0, 1 <= k <= 3): T(n,k) = floor(b(n,k)/2^((A002264(n) + 1)/3)), where b(n,k) = b(n-3,k) + 3*b (n-6,k) + 2*b(n-9,k), with initial values given in comments.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 5, 7, 3, 5, 8, 2, 3, 6, 5, 8, 13, 6, 11, 17, 4, 8, 12, 10, 17, 27, 12, 21, 34, 9, 15, 24, 20, 34, 54, 25, 42, 68, 18, 30, 49, 40, 68, 108, 50, 85, 136, 36, 61, 97, 80, 135, 216, 101, 170, 271, 72, 121, 194, 160, 270, 430, 201, 339, 541, 144, 242, 387
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Roger L. Bagula, Sep 06 2004

Keywords

Comments

From Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Nov 08 2018: (Start)
The initial values for b(n,k), 1 <= n <= 9, 1 <= k <= 3, are
n\k | 1 2 3
----+---------
1 | 4 8 12
2 | 5 8 13
3 | 4 6 10
4 | 10 16 26
5 | 13 22 35
6 | 9 16 25
7 | 26 44 70
8 | 32 54 86
9 | 23 38 61. (End)

Examples

			Array begins:
   2,  5,  7;
   3,  5,  8;
   2,  3,  6;
   5,  8, 13;
   6, 11, 17;
   4,  8, 12;
  10, 17, 27;
  12, 21, 34;
   9, 15, 24;
  20, 34, 54;
  25, 42, 68;
  18, 30, 49;
   ... - _Franck Maminirina Ramaharo_, Nov 08 2018
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A097966.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    M = N[4^(1/3)*({{0, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0}}/2 + {{0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}}/2)];
    A[n_] := M.A[n - 1]; A[0] := {{0, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}};
    Table[Floor[M.A[n]], {n, 1, 12}]//Flatten

Formula

From Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Nov 08 2018: (Start)
Let M and A denote the following 3 X 3 matrices:
0, 2, 0
M = 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 0
and
0, 1, 1
A = 1, 1, 2
1, 2, 3.
Then applying floor() to the entries in (h*M)^(n + 1)*A, where h = 1/(2^(1/3)), yields row 3*n - 2 to 3*n. (End)

Extensions

Edited, new name, and offset corrected by Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Nov 08 2018

A097966 Rectangular array read by rows (n > 0, 1 <= k <= 3): T(n,k) = floor(b(n,k)/6^(2*(A002264(n) + 1)/3)), where b(n,k) = b(n-3,k) + 13*b (n-6,k) + 36*b(n-9,k), with initial values given in comments.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 1, 3, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 5, 6, 3, 5, 7, 3, 7, 9, 4, 7, 10, 4, 8, 11, 6, 10, 14, 6, 11, 15, 7, 12, 17, 9, 16, 22, 10, 17, 23, 11, 19, 26, 14, 24, 33, 15, 26, 36, 17, 29, 40, 21, 37, 51, 23, 40, 55, 26, 45, 62, 33, 57, 77, 35, 61, 83
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Roger L. Bagula, Sep 06 2004

Keywords

Comments

From Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Nov 08 2018: (Start)
The initial values for b(n,k), 1 <= n <= 9, 1 <= k <= 3, are
n\k | 1 2 3
----+---------------
1 | 16 32 36
2 | 17 30 44
3 | 24 36 51
4 | 68 120 176
5 | 105 170 233
6 | 99 186 240
7 | 420 680 932
8 | 470 848 1129
9 | 519 870 1227. (End)

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  1,  2,  3;
  1,  2,  4;
  2,  3,  4;
  1,  3,  4;
  2,  4,  6;
  2,  5,  6;
  3,  5,  7;
  3,  7,  9;
  4,  7, 10;
  4,  8, 11;
  6, 10, 14;
  6, 11, 15;
   ... - _Franck Maminirina Ramaharo_, Nov 08 2018
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A097964.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    M = N[(16/9)^(1/3)*({{0, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 0}}*(1/4) + {{0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}}*(3/4))];
    A[n_] := M.A[n - 1]; A[0] := {{0, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 2}};
    Table[Floor[M.A[n]], {n, 1, 12}]//Flatten

Formula

From Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Nov 08 2018: (Start)
Let M and A denote the following 3 X 3 matrices:
0, 4, 0
M = 1, 1, 3
3, 3, 0
and
0, 1, 1
A = 1, 1, 2
1, 2, 2.
Then applying floor() to the entries in (h*M)^(n + 1)*A, where h = 1/(6^(2/3)), yields row 3*n - 2 to 3*n. (End)

Extensions

Edited, new name, and offset corrected by Franck Maminirina Ramaharo, Nov 08 2018

A004526 Nonnegative integers repeated, floor(n/2).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 23, 23, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 28, 29, 29, 30, 30, 31, 31, 32, 32, 33, 33, 34, 34, 35, 35, 36, 36
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Number of elements in the set {k: 1 <= 2k <= n}.
Dimension of the space of weight 2n+4 cusp forms for Gamma_0(2).
Dimension of the space of weight 1 modular forms for Gamma_1(n+1).
Number of ways 2^n is expressible as r^2 - s^2 with s > 0. Proof: (r+s) and (r-s) both should be powers of 2, even and distinct hence a(2k) = a(2k-1) = (k-1) etc. - Amarnath Murthy, Sep 20 2002
Lengths of sides of Ulam square spiral; i.e., lengths of runs of equal terms in A063826. - Donald S. McDonald, Jan 09 2003
Number of partitions of n into two parts. A008619 gives partitions of n into at most two parts, so A008619(n) = a(n) + 1 for all n >= 0. Partial sums are A002620 (Quarter-squares). - Rick L. Shepherd, Feb 27 2004
a(n+1) is the number of 1's in the binary expansion of the Jacobsthal number A001045(n). - Paul Barry, Jan 13 2005
Number of partitions of n+1 into two distinct (nonzero) parts. Example: a(8) = 4 because we have [8,1],[7,2],[6,3] and [5,4]. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 14 2006
Complement of A000035, since A000035(n)+2*a(n) = n. Also equal to the partial sums of A000035. - Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 01 2007
Number of binary bracelets of n beads, two of them 0. For n >= 2, a(n-2) is the number of binary bracelets of n beads, two of them 0, with 00 prohibited. - Washington Bomfim, Aug 27 2008
Let A be the Hessenberg n X n matrix defined by: A[1,j] = j mod 2, A[i,i]:=1, A[i,i-1] = -1, and A[i,j] = 0 otherwise. Then, for n >= 1, a(n+1) = (-1)^n det(A). - Milan Janjic, Jan 24 2010
From Clark Kimberling, Mar 10 2011: (Start)
Let RT abbreviate rank transform (A187224). Then
RT(this sequence) = A187484;
RT(this sequence without 1st term) = A026371;
RT(this sequence without 1st 2 terms) = A026367;
RT(this sequence without 1st 3 terms) = A026363. (End)
The diameter (longest path) of the n-cycle. - Cade Herron, Apr 14 2011
For n >= 3, a(n-1) is the number of two-color bracelets of n beads, three of them are black, having a diameter of symmetry. - Vladimir Shevelev, May 03 2011
Pelesko (2004) refers erroneously to this sequence instead of A008619. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 19 2012
Number of degree 2 irreducible characters of the dihedral group of order 2(n+1). - Eric M. Schmidt, Feb 12 2013
For n >= 3 the sequence a(n-1) is the number of non-congruent regions with infinite area in the exterior of a regular n-gon with all diagonals drawn. See A217748. - Martin Renner, Mar 23 2013
a(n) is the number of partitions of 2n into exactly 2 even parts. a(n+1) is the number of partitions of 2n into exactly 2 odd parts. This just rephrases the comment of E. Deutsch above. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 08 2013
Number of the distinct rectangles and square in a regular n-gon is a(n/2) for even n and n >= 4. For odd n, such number is zero, see illustration in link. - Kival Ngaokrajang, Jun 25 2013
x-coordinate from the image of the point (0,-1) after n reflections across the lines y = n and y = x respectively (alternating so that one reflection is applied on each step): (0,-1) -> (0,1) -> (1,0) -> (1,2) -> (2,1) -> (2,3) -> ... . - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 12 2013
a(n) is the number of partitions of 2n into exactly two distinct odd parts. a(n-1) is the number of partitions of 2n into exactly two distinct even parts, n > 0. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 21 2013
a(n) is the number of permutations of length n avoiding 213, 231 and 312, or avoiding 213, 312 and 321 in the classical sense which are breadth-first search reading words of increasing unary-binary trees. For more details, see the entry for permutations avoiding 231 at A245898. - Manda Riehl, Aug 05 2014
Also a(n) is the number of different patterns of 2-color, 2-partition of n. - Ctibor O. Zizka, Nov 19 2014
Minimum in- and out-degree for a directed K_n (see link). - Jon Perry, Nov 22 2014
a(n) is also the independence number of the triangular graph T(n). - Luis Manuel Rivera Martínez, Mar 12 2015
For n >= 3, a(n+4) is the least positive integer m such that every m-element subset of {1,2,...,n} contains distinct i, j, k with i + j = k (equivalently, with i - j = k). - Rick L. Shepherd, Jan 24 2016
More generally, the ordinary generating function for the integers repeated k times is x^k/((1 - x)(1 - x^k)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Mar 21 2016
a(n) is the number of numbers of the form F(i)*F(j) between F(n+3) and F(n+4), where 2 < i < j and F = A000045 (Fibonacci numbers). - Clark Kimberling, May 02 2016
The arithmetic function v_2(n,2) as defined in A289187. - Robert Price, Aug 22 2017
a(n) is also the total domination number of the (n-3)-gear graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 07 2018
Consider the numbers 1, 2, ..., n; a(n) is the largest integer t such that these numbers can be arranged in a row so that all consecutive terms differ by at least t. Example: a(6) = a(7) = 3, because of respectively (4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3) and (1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 4) (see link BMO - Problem 2). - Bernard Schott, Mar 07 2020
a(n-1) is also the number of integer-sided triangles whose sides a < b < c are in arithmetic progression with a middle side b = n (see A307136). Example, for b = 4, there exists a(3) = 1 such triangle corresponding to Pythagorean triple (3, 4, 5). For the triples, miscellaneous properties and references, see A336750. - Bernard Schott, Oct 15 2020
For n >= 1, a(n-1) is the greatest remainder on division of n by any k in 1..n. - David James Sycamore, Sep 05 2021
Number of incongruent right triangles that can be formed from the vertices of a regular n-gon is given by a(n/2) for n even. For n odd such number is zero. For a regular n-gon, the number of incongruent triangles formed from its vertices is given by A069905(n). The number of incongruent acute triangles is given by A005044(n). The number of incongruent obtuse triangles is given by A008642(n-4) for n > 3 otherwise 0, with offset 0. - Frank M Jackson, Nov 26 2022
The inverse binomial transform is 0, 0, 1, -2, 4, -8, 16, -32, ... (see A122803). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 25 2023

Examples

			G.f. = x^2 + x^3 + 2*x^4 + 2*x^5 + 3*x^6 + 3*x^7 + 4*x^8 + 4*x^9 + 5*x^10 + ...
		

References

  • G. L. Alexanderson et al., The William Powell Putnam Mathematical Competition - Problems and Solutions: 1965-1984, M.A.A., 1985; see Problem A-1 of 27th Competition.
  • L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 120, P(n,2).
  • Graham, Knuth and Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, Addison-Wesley, NY, 1989, page 77 (partitions of n into at most 2 parts).

Crossrefs

a(n+2) = A008619(n). See A008619 for more references.
A001477(n) = a(n+1)+a(n). A000035(n) = a(n+1)-A002456(n).
a(n) = A008284(n, 2), n >= 1.
Zero followed by the partial sums of A000035.
Column 2 of triangle A094953. Second row of A180969.
Partial sums: A002620. Other related sequences: A010872, A010873, A010874.
Cf. similar sequences of the integers repeated k times: A001477 (k = 1), this sequence (k = 2), A002264 (k = 3), A002265 (k = 4), A002266 (k = 5), A152467 (k = 6), A132270 (k = 7), A132292 (k = 8), A059995 (k = 10).
Cf. A289187, A139756 (binomial transf).

Programs

  • Haskell
    a004526 = (`div` 2)
    a004526_list = concatMap (\x -> [x, x]) [0..]
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 27 2012
    
  • Magma
    [Floor(n/2): n in [0..100]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 19 2014
    
  • Maple
    A004526 := n->floor(n/2); seq(floor(i/2),i=0..50);
  • Mathematica
    Table[(2n - 1)/4 + (-1)^n/4, {n, 0, 70}] (* Stefan Steinerberger, Apr 02 2006 *)
    f[n_] := If[OddQ[n], (n - 1)/2, n/2]; Array[f, 74, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 20 2012 *)
    With[{c=Range[0,40]},Riffle[c,c]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 26 2013 *)
    CoefficientList[Series[x^2/(1 - x - x^2 + x^3), {x, 0, 75}], x] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Feb 05 2015 *)
    LinearRecurrence[{1, 1, -1}, {0, 0, 1}, 75] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Feb 05 2015 *)
    Floor[Range[0, 40]/2] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 07 2018 *)
  • Maxima
    makelist(floor(n/2),n,0,50); /* Martin Ettl, Oct 17 2012 */
    
  • PARI
    a(n)=n\2 /* Jaume Oliver Lafont, Mar 25 2009 */
    
  • PARI
    x='x+O('x^100); concat([0, 0], Vec(x^2/((1+x)*(x-1)^2))) \\ Altug Alkan, Mar 21 2016
    
  • Python
    def a(n): return n//2
    print([a(n) for n in range(74)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Apr 30 2022
  • Sage
    def a(n) : return( dimension_cusp_forms( Gamma0(2), 2*n+4) ); # Michael Somos, Jul 03 2014
    
  • Sage
    def a(n) : return( dimension_modular_forms( Gamma1(n+1), 1) ); # Michael Somos, Jul 03 2014
    

Formula

G.f.: x^2/((1+x)*(x-1)^2).
a(n) = floor(n/2).
a(n) = ceiling((n+1)/2). - Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 11 2024
a(n) = 1 + a(n-2).
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) - a(n-3).
a(2*n) = a(2*n+1) = n.
a(n+1) = n - a(n). - Henry Bottomley, Jul 25 2001
For n > 0, a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n} (1/2)/cos(Pi*(2*i-(1-(-1)^n)/2)/(2*n+1)). - Benoit Cloitre, Oct 11 2002
a(n) = (2*n-1)/4 + (-1)^n/4; a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} k*(-1)^(n+k). - Paul Barry, May 20 2003
E.g.f.: ((2*x-1)*exp(x) + exp(-x))/4. - Paul Barry, Sep 03 2003
G.f.: (1/(1-x)) * Sum_{k >= 0} t^2/(1-t^4) where t = x^2^k. - Ralf Stephan, Feb 24 2004
a(n+1) = A000120(A001045(n)). - Paul Barry, Jan 13 2005
a(n) = (n-(1-(-1)^n)/2)/2 = (1/2)*(n-|sin(n*Pi/2)|). Likewise: a(n) = (n-A000035(n))/2. Also: a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A000035(k). - Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 01 2007
The expression floor((x^2-1)/(2*x)) (x >= 1) produces this sequence. - Mohammad K. Azarian, Nov 08 2007; corrected by M. F. Hasler, Nov 17 2008
a(n+1) = A002378(n) - A035608(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 27 2010
a(n+1) = A002620(n+1) - A002620(n) = floor((n+1)/2)*ceiling((n+1)/2) - floor(n^2/4). - Jonathan Vos Post, May 20 2010
For n >= 2, a(n) = floor(log_2(2^a(n-1) + 2^a(n-2))). - Vladimir Shevelev, Jun 22 2010
a(n) = A180969(2,n). - Adriano Caroli, Nov 24 2010
A001057(n-1) = (-1)^n*a(n), n > 0. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 19 2012
a(n) = A008615(n) + A002264(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 28 2014
Euler transform of length 2 sequence [1, 1]. - Michael Somos, Jul 03 2014

Extensions

Partially edited by Joerg Arndt, Mar 11 2010, and M. F. Hasler, Jul 19 2012

A010888 Digital root of n (repeatedly add the digits of n until a single digit is reached).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

This is sometimes also called the additive digital root of n.
n mod 9 (A010878) is a very similar sequence.
Partial sums are given by A130487(n-1) + n (for n > 0). - Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 08 2007
Decimal expansion of 13717421/111111111 is 0.123456789123456789123456789... with period 9. - Eric Desbiaux, May 19 2008
Decimal expansion of 13717421 / 1111111110 = 0.0[123456789] (periodic) - Daniel Forgues, Feb 27 2017
a(A005117(n)) < 9. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 30 2010
My friend Jahangeer Kholdi has found that 19 is the smallest prime p such that for each number n, a(p*n) = a(n). In fact we have: a(m*n) = a(a(m)*a(n)) so all numbers with digital root 1 (numbers of the form 9k + 1) have this property. See comment lines of A017173. Also we have a(m+n) = a(a(m) + a(n)). - Farideh Firoozbakht, Jul 23 2010

Examples

			The digits of 37 are 3 and 7, and 3 + 7 = 10. And the digits of 10 are 1 and 0, and 1 + 0 = 1, so a(37) = 1.
		

References

  • Martin Gardner, Mathematics, Magic and Mystery, 1956.

Crossrefs

Cf. A007953, A007954, A031347, A113217, A113218, A010878 (n mod 9), A010872, A010873, A010874, A010875, A010876, A010877, A010879, A004526, A002264, A002265, A002266, A017173, A031286 (additive persistence of n), (multiplicative digital root of n), A031346 (multiplicative persistence of n).

Programs

Formula

If n = 0 then a(n) = 0; otherwise a(n) = (n reduced mod 9), but if the answer is 0 change it to 9.
Equivalently, if n = 0 then a(n) = 0, otherwise a(n) = (n - 1 reduced mod 9) + 1.
If the initial 0 term is ignored, the sequence is periodic with period 9.
From Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 08 2007: (Start)
a(n) = A010878(n-1) + 1 (for n > 0).
G.f.: g(x) = x*(Sum_{k = 0..8}(k+1)*x^k)/(1 - x^9). Also: g(x) = x(9x^10 - 10x^9 + 1)/((1 - x^9)(1 - x)^2). (End)
a(n) = n - 9*floor((n-1)/9), for n > 0. - José de Jesús Camacho Medina, Nov 10 2014

A011655 Period 3: repeat [0, 1, 1].

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1
Offset: 0

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Comments

A binary m-sequence: expansion of reciprocal of x^2+x+1 (mod 2).
A Chebyshev transform of the Jacobsthal numbers A001045: if A(x) is the g.f. of a sequence, map it to ((1-x^2)/(1+x^2))*A(x/(1+x^2)). - Paul Barry, Feb 16 2004
This is the r = 1 member of the r-family of sequences S_r(n) defined in A092184 where more information can be found.
This is the Fibonacci sequence (A000045) modulo 2. - Stephen Jordan (sjordan(AT)mit.edu), Sep 10 2007
For n > 0: a(n) = A084937(n-1) mod 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 16 2007
This is also the Lucas numbers (A000032) mod 2. In general, this is the parity of any Lucas sequence associated with any pair (P,Q) when P and Q are odd; i.e., a(n) = U_n(P,Q) mod 2 = V_n(P,Q) mod 2. See Ribenboim. - Rick L. Shepherd, Feb 07 2009
Starting with offset 1: (1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, ...) = INVERTi transform of the tribonacci sequence A001590 starting (1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 20, 37, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, May 04 2009
From Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 30 2009: (Start)
Characteristic function of numbers coprime to 3.
a(n) = 1 - A079978(n); a(A001651(n)) = 1; a(A008585(n)) = 0;
A000212(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} a(k)*(n-k). (End)
Sum_{k>0} a(k)/k/2^k = log(7)/3. - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Jun 01 2010
The sequence is the principal Dirichlet character of the reduced residue system mod 3 (the other is A102283). Associated Dirichlet L-functions are L(2,chi) = Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n^2 = 4*Pi^2/27 = A214549, and L(3,chi) = Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n^3 = 1.157536... = -(psi''(1/3) + psi''(2/3))/54 where psi'' is the tetragamma function. [Jolley eq 309 and arXiv:1008.2547, L(m = 3, r = 1, s)]. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 15 2010
a(n+1), n >= 0, is the sequence of the row sums of the Riordan triangle A158454. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 18 2010
Removing the first two elements and keeping the offset at 0, this is a periodic sequence (1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, ...). Its INVERTi transform is (1, -1, 2, -2, 2, -2, ...) with period (2,-2). - Gary W. Adamson, Jan 21 2011
Column k = 1 of triangle in A198295. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 31 2012
The set of natural numbers, A000027: (1, 2, 3, ...); is the INVERT transform of the signed periodic sequence (1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 28 2013
Any integer sequence s(n) = |s(n-1) - s(n-2)| (equivalently, max(s(n-1), s(n-2)) - min(s(n-1), s(n-2))) for n > i + 1 with s(i) = j and s(i+1) = k, where j and k are not both 0, is or eventually becomes a multiple of this sequence, namely, the sequence repeat gcd(j, k), gcd(j, k), 0 (at some offset). In particular, if j and k are coprime, then s(n) is or eventually becomes this sequence (see, e.g., A110044). - Rick L. Shepherd, Jan 21 2014
For n >= 1, a(n) is also the characteristic function for rational g-adic integers (+n/3)A001651).%20See%20the%20definition%20in%20the%20Mahler%20reference,%20p.%207%20and%20also%20p.%2010.%20-%20_Wolfdieter%20Lang">g and also (-n/3)_g for all integers g >= 2 without a factor 3 (A001651). See the definition in the Mahler reference, p. 7 and also p. 10. - _Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 11 2014
Characteristic function for A007908(n+1) being divisible by 3. a(n) = bit flipped A007908(n+1) (mod 3) = bit flipped A079978(n). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 12 2017
Also Jacobi or Kronecker symbol (n/9) (or (n/9^e) for all e >= 1). - Jianing Song, Jul 09 2018
The binomial trans. is 0, 1, 3, 6, 11, 21, 42, 85, 171, 342,.. (see A024495). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 25 2023

Examples

			G.f. = x + x^2 + x^4 + x^5 + x^7 + x^8 + x^10 + x^11 + x^13 + x^14 + x^16 + x^17 + ...
		

References

  • S. W. Golomb, Shift-Register Sequences, Holden-Day, San Francisco, 1967.
  • H. D. Lueke, Korrelationssignale, Springer 1992, pp. 43-48.
  • F. J. MacWilliams and N. J. A. Sloane, The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes, Elsevier/North Holland, 1978, p. 408.
  • K. Mahler, p-adic numbers and their functions, 2nd ed., Cambridge University press, 1981.
  • Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Big Primes. Springer-Verlag, NY, 1991, p. 46. [Rick L. Shepherd, Feb 07 2009]

Crossrefs

Partial sums of A057078 give A011655(n+1).
Cf. A035191 (Mobius transform), A001590, A002487, A049347.
Cf. A000027, A000045, A004523 (partial sums), A057078 (first differences).
Cf. A007908, A079978 (bit flipped).
Cf. A011656 - A011751 for other binary m-sequences.
Cf. A002264.

Programs

Formula

G.f.: (x + x^2) / (1 - x^3) = Sum_{k>0} (x^k - x^(3*k)).
G.f.: x / (1 - x / (1 + x / (1 + x / (1 - 2*x / (1 + x))))). - Michael Somos, Apr 02 2012
a(n) = a(n+3) = a(-n), a(3*n) = 0, a(3*n + 1) = a(3*n + 2) = 1 for all n in Z.
a(n) = (1/2)*( (-1)^(floor((2n + 4)/3)) + 1 ). - Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Oct 22 2003
a(n) = Fibonacci(n) mod 2. - Paul Barry, Nov 12 2003
a(n) = (2/3)*(1 - cos(2*Pi*n/3)). - Ralf Stephan, Jan 06 2004
a(n) = 1 - a(n-1)*a(n-2), a(n) = n for n < 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 28 2004
a(n) = 2*(1 - T(n, -1/2))/3 with Chebyshev's polynomials T(n, x) of the first kind; see A053120. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 18 2004
a(n) = n*Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} (-1)^k*binomial(n-k, k)*A001045(n-2k)/(n-k). - Paul Barry, Oct 31 2004
a(n) = A002487(n) mod 2. - Paul Barry, Jan 14 2005
From Bruce Corrigan (scentman(AT)myfamily.com), Aug 08 2005: (Start)
a(n) = n^2 mod 3.
a(n) = (1/3)*(2 - (r^n + r^(2*n))) where r = (-1 + sqrt(-3))/2. (End)
From Michael Somos, Sep 23 2005: (Start)
Euler transform of length 3 sequence [ 1, -1, 1].
Moebius transform is length 3 sequence [ 1, 0, -1].
Multiplicative with a(3^e) = 0^e, a(p^e) = 1 otherwise. (End)
From Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 27 2007: (Start)
a(n) = (4/3)*(|sin(Pi*(n-2)/3)| + |sin(Pi*(n-1)/3)|)*|sin(Pi*n/3)|.
a(n) = ((n+1) mod 3 + 1) mod 2 = (1 - (-1)^(n - 3*floor((n+1)/3)))/2. (End)
a(n) = 2 - a(n-1) - a(n-2) for n > 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 13 2008
a(2*n+1) = a(n+1) XOR a(n), a(2*n) = a(n), a(1) = 1, a(0) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 27 2008
Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n^s = (1-1/3^s)*Riemann_zeta(s), s > 1. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 31 2010
a(n) = floor((4*n-5)/3) mod 2. - Gary Detlefs, May 15 2011
a(n) = (a(n-1) - a(n-2))^2 with a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1. - Francesco Daddi, Aug 02 2011
Convolution of A040000 with A049347. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 21 2012
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} x^A001651(k). - L. Edson Jeffery, Dec 05 2012
G.f.: x/(G(0) - x^2) where G(k) = 1 - x/(x + 1/(1 - x/G(k+1))); (recursively defined continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Feb 15 2013
For the general case: The characteristic function of numbers that are not multiples of m is a(n) = floor((n-1)/m) - floor(n/m) + 1, with m,n > 0. - Boris Putievskiy, May 08 2013
a(n) = sign(n mod 3). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 22 2013
a(n) = A000035(A000032(n)) = A000035(A000045(n)). - Omar E. Pol, Oct 28 2013
a(n) = (-n mod 3)^((n-1) mod 3). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Apr 16 2015
a(n) = (2/3) * (1 - sin((Pi/6) * (4*n + 3))) for n >= 0. - Werner Schulte, Jul 20 2017
a(n) = a(n-1) XOR a(n-2) with a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1. - Chunqing Liu, Dec 18 2022
a(n) = floor((n+2)/3) - floor(n/3) = A002264(n+2) - A002264(n). - Aaron J Grech, Jul 30 2024
E.g.f.: 2*(exp(x) - exp(-x/2)*cos(sqrt(3)*x/2))/3. - Stefano Spezia, Mar 30 2025
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s)*(1-1/3^s). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2025

Extensions

Better name from Omar E. Pol, Oct 28 2013

A010873 a(n) = n mod 4.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Complement of A002265, since 4*A002265(n)+a(n) = n. - Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 01 2007
The rightmost digit in the base-4 representation of n. Also, the equivalent value of the two rightmost digits in the base-2 representation of n. - Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 11 2007
Periodic sequences of this type can be also calculated by a(n) = floor(q/(p^m-1)*p^n) mod p, where q is the number representing the periodic digit pattern and m is the period length. p and q can be calculated as follows: Let D be the array representing the number pattern to be repeated, m = size of D, max = maximum value of elements in D. Than p := max + 1 and q := p^m*sum_{i=1..m} D(i)/p^i. Example: D = (0, 1, 2, 3), p = 4 and q = 57 for this sequence. - Hieronymus Fischer, Jan 04 2013

Crossrefs

Partial sums: A130482. Other related sequences A130481, A130483, A130484, A130485.

Programs

Formula

a(n) = (1/2)*(3-(-1)^n-2*(-1)^floor(n/2));
also a(n) = (1/2)*(3-(-1)^n-2*(-1)^((2*n-1+(-1)^n)/4));
also a(n) = (1/2)*(3-(-1)^n-2*sin(Pi/4*(2n+1+(-1)^n))).
G.f.: (3x^3+2x^2+x)/(1-x^4). - Hieronymus Fischer, May 29 2007
From Hieronymus Fischer, Jun 11 2007: (Start)
Trigonometric representation: a(n)=2^2*(sin(n*Pi/4))^2*sum{1<=k<4, k*product{1<=m<4,m<>k, (sin((n-m)*Pi/4))^2}}. Clearly, the squared terms may be replaced by their absolute values '|.|'.
Complex representation: a(n)=1/4*(1-r^n)*sum{1<=k<4, k*product{1<=m<4,m<>k, (1-r^(n-m))}} where r=exp(Pi/2*i)=i=sqrt(-1). All these formulas can be easily adapted to represent any periodic sequence.
a(n) = n mod 2+2*(floor(n/2)mod 2) = A000035(n)+2*A000035(A004526(n)). (End)
a(n) = 6 - a(n-1) - a(n-2) - a(n-3) for n > 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 13 2008
a(n) = 3/2 + cos((n+1)*Pi)/2 + sqrt(2)*cos((2*n+3)*Pi/4). - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Dec 05 2008
From Hieronymus Fischer, Jan 04 2013: (Start)
a(n) = floor(41/3333*10^(n+1)) mod 10.
a(n) = floor(19/85*4^(n+1)) mod 4. (End)
E.g.f.: 2*sinh(x) - sin(x) + cosh(x) - cos(x). - Stefano Spezia, Apr 20 2021
From Nicolas Bělohoubek, May 30 2024: (Start)
a(n) = (2*a(n-1)-1)*(2-a(n-2)) for n > 1.
a(n) = (2*a(n-1)^2+1)*(3-a(n-1))/3 for n > 0. (End)

Extensions

First to third formulas re-edited for better readability by Hieronymus Fischer, Dec 05 2011
Incorrect g.f. removed by Georg Fischer, May 18 2019
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