A005034 -id:A005034 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001764 a(n) = binomial(3n,n)/(2n+1) (enumerates ternary trees and also noncrossing trees).

1, 1, 3, 12, 55, 273, 1428, 7752, 43263, 246675, 1430715, 8414640, 50067108, 300830572, 1822766520, 11124755664, 68328754959, 422030545335, 2619631042665, 16332922290300, 102240109897695, 642312451217745, 4048514844039120, 25594403741131680, 162250238001816900

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Smallest number of straight line crossing-free spanning trees on n points in the plane.
Number of dissections of some convex polygon by nonintersecting diagonals into polygons with an odd number of sides and having a total number of 2n+1 edges (sides and diagonals). - Emeric Deutsch, Mar 06 2002
Number of lattice paths of n East steps and 2n North steps from (0,0) to (n,2n) and lying weakly below the line y=2x. - David Callan, Mar 14 2004
With interpolated zeros, this has g.f. 2*sqrt(3)*sin(arcsin(3*sqrt(3)*x/2)/3)/(3*x) and a(n) = C(n+floor(n/2),floor(n/2))*C(floor(n/2),n-floor(n/2))/(n+1). This is the first column of the inverse of the Riordan array (1-x^2,x(1-x^2)) (essentially reversion of y-y^3). - Paul Barry, Feb 02 2005
Number of 12312-avoiding matchings on [2n].
Number of complete ternary trees with n internal nodes, or 3n edges.
Number of rooted plane trees with 2n edges, where every vertex has even outdegree ("even trees").
a(n) is the number of noncrossing partitions of [2n] with all blocks of even size. E.g.: a(2)=3 counts 12-34, 14-23, 1234. - David Callan, Mar 30 2007
Pfaff-Fuss-Catalan sequence C^{m}_n for m=3, see the Graham et al. reference, p. 347. eq. 7.66.
Also 3-Raney sequence, see the Graham et al. reference, p. 346-7.
The number of lattice paths from (0,0) to (2n,0) using an Up-step=(1,1) and a Down-step=(0,-2) and staying above the x-axis. E.g., a(2) = 3; UUUUDD, UUUDUD, UUDUUD. - Charles Moore (chamoore(AT)howard.edu), Jan 09 2008
a(n) is (conjecturally) the number of permutations of [n+1] that avoid the patterns 4-2-3-1 and 4-2-5-1-3 and end with an ascent. For example, a(4)=55 counts all 60 permutations of [5] that end with an ascent except 42315, 52314, 52413, 53412, all of which contain a 4-2-3-1 pattern and 42513. - David Callan, Jul 22 2008
Central terms of pendular triangle A167763. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 12 2009
With B(x,t)=x+t*x^3, the comp. inverse in x about 0 is A(x,t) = Sum_{j>=0} a(j) (-t)^j x^(2j+1). Let U(x,t)=(x-A(x,t))/t. Then DU(x,t)/Dt=dU/dt+U*dU/dx=0 and U(x,0)=x^3, i.e., U is a solution of the inviscid Burgers's, or Hopf, equation. Also U(x,t)=U(x-t*U(x,t),0) and dB(x,t)/dt = U(B(x,t),t) = x^3 = U(x,0). The characteristics for the Hopf equation are x(t) = x(0) + t*U(x(t),t) = x(0) + t*U(x(0),0) = x(0) + t*x(0)^3 = B(x(0),t). These results apply to all the Fuss-Catalan sequences with 3 replaced by n>0 and 2 by n-1 (e.g., A000108 with n=2 and A002293 with n=4), see also A086810, which can be generalized to A133437, for associahedra. - Tom Copeland, Feb 15 2014
Number of intervals (i.e., ordered pairs (x,y) such that x<=y) in the Kreweras lattice (noncrossing partitions ordered by refinement) of size n, see the Bernardi & Bonichon (2009) and Kreweras (1972) references. - Noam Zeilberger, Jun 01 2016
Number of sum-indecomposable (4231,42513)-avoiding permutations. Conjecturally, number of sum-indecomposable (2431,45231)-avoiding permutations. - Alexander Burstein, Oct 19 2017
a(n) is the number of topologically distinct endstates for the game Planted Brussels Sprouts on n vertices, see Ji and Propp link. - Caleb Ji, May 14 2018
Number of complete quadrillages of 2n+2-gons. See Baryshnikov p. 12. See also Nov 10 2014 comments in A134264. - Tom Copeland, Jun 04 2018
a(n) is the number of 2-regular words on the alphabet [n] that avoid the patterns 231 and 221. Equivalently, this is the number of 2-regular tortoise-sortable words on the alphabet [n] (see the Defant and Kravitz link). - Colin Defant, Sep 26 2018
a(n) is the number of Motzkin paths of length 3n with n steps of each type, with the condition that (1, 0) and (1, 1) steps alternate (starting with (1, 0)). - Helmut Prodinger, Apr 08 2019
a(n) is the number of uniquely sorted permutations of length 2n+1 that avoid the patterns 312 and 1342. - Colin Defant, Jun 08 2019
The compositional inverse o.g.f. pair in Copeland's comment above are related to a pair of quantum fields in Balduf's thesis by Theorem 4.2 on p. 92. - Tom Copeland, Dec 13 2019
The sequences of Fuss-Catalan numbers, of which this is the first after the Catalan numbers A000108 (the next is A002293), appear in articles on random matrices and quantum physics. See Banica et al., Collins et al., and Mlotkowski et al. Interpretations of these sequences in terms of the cardinality of specific sets of noncrossing partitions are provided by A134264. - Tom Copeland, Dec 21 2019
Call C(p, [alpha], g) the number of partitions of a cyclically ordered set with p elements, of cyclic type [alpha], and of genus g (the genus g Faa di Bruno coefficients of type [alpha]). This sequence counts the genus 0 partitions (non-crossing, or planar, partitions) of p = 3n into n parts of length 3: a(n) = C(3n, [3^n], 0). For genus 1 see A371250, for genus 2 see A371251. - Robert Coquereaux, Mar 16 2024
a(n) is the total number of down steps before the first up step in all 2_1-Dyck paths of length 3*n for n > 0. A 2_1-Dyck path is a lattice path with steps (1,2), (1,-1) that starts and ends at y = 0 and does not go below the line y = -1. - Sarah Selkirk, May 10 2020
a(n) is the number of pairs (A<=B) of noncrossing partitions of [n]. - Francesca Aicardi, May 28 2022
a(n) is the number of parking functions of size n avoiding the patterns 231 and 321. - Lara Pudwell, Apr 10 2023
Number of rooted polyominoes composed of n square cells of the hyperbolic regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {4,oo}. A rooted polyomino has one external edge identified, and chiral pairs are counted as two. A stereographic projection of the {4,oo} tiling on the Poincaré disk can be obtained via the Christensson link. - Robert A. Russell, Jan 27 2024
This is instance k = 3 of the family {C(k, n)}A130564.%20-%20_Wolfdieter%20Lang">{n>=0} given in a comment in A130564. - _Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 05 2024
The number of Apollonian networks (planar 3-trees) with n+3 vertices with a given base triangle. - Allan Bickle, Feb 20 2024
Number of rooted polyominoes composed of n tetrahedral cells of the hyperbolic regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {3,3,oo}. A rooted polyomino has one external face identified, and chiral pairs are counted as two. a(n) = T(n) in the second Beineke and Pippert link. - Robert A. Russell, Mar 20 2024

			a(2) = 3 because the only dissections with 5 edges are given by a square dissected by any of the two diagonals and the pentagon with no dissecting diagonal.
G.f. = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 12*x^3 + 55*x^4 + 273*x^5 + 1428*x^6 + 7752*x^7 + 43263*x^8 + ...

Miklos Bona, editor, Handbook of Enumerative Combinatorics, CRC Press, 2015, page 23.
I. M. H. Etherington, On non-associative combinations, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, 59 (Part 2, 1938-39), 153-162.
I. M. H. Etherington, Some problems of non-associative combinations (I), Edinburgh Math. Notes, 32 (1940), pp. i-vi. Part II is by A. Erdelyi and I. M. H. Etherington, and is on pages vii-xiv of the same issue.
R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1990, pp. 200, 347. See also the Pólya-Szegő reference.
W. Kuich, Languages and the enumeration of planted plane trees. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Proc. Ser. A 73 = Indag. Math. 32, (1970), 268-280.
T. V. Narayana, Lattice Path Combinatorics with Statistical Applications. Univ. Toronto Press, 1979, p. 98.
G. Pólya and G. Szegő, Problems and Theorems in Analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin, 2 vols., 1972, Vol. 1, problem 211, p. 146 with solution on p. 348.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000 [Terms 0 to 100 computed by T. D. Noe; Terms 101 to 1000 by G. C. Greubel, Jan 13 2017]
V. E. Adler and A. B. Shabat, Volterra chain and Catalan numbers, arXiv:1810.13198 [nlin.SI], 2018.
Ayomikun Adeniran and Lara Pudwell, Pattern avoidance in parking functions, Enumer. Comb. Appl. 3:3 (2023), Article S2R17.
A. Aggarwal, Armstrong's Conjecture for (k, mk+1)-Core Partitions, arXiv:1407.5134 [math.CO], 2014.
O. Aichholzer and H. Krasser, The point set order type data base: a collection of applications and results, pp. 17-20 in Abstracts 13th Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry (CCCG '01), Waterloo, Aug. 13-15, 2001.
M. H. Albert, R. E. L. Allred, M. D. Atkinson, H. P. van Ditmarsch, C. C. Handley, and D. A. Holton, Restricted permutations and queue jumping, Discrete Math. 287 (2004), 129-133.
N. Alexeev and A. Tikhomirov, Singular Values Distribution of Squares of Elliptic Random Matrices and type-B Narayana Polynomials, arXiv:1501.04615 [math.PR], 2015.
N. V. Alexeev, Number of trees in a random graph, Probabilistic methods in discrete mathematics, Extended abstracts of the 10th International Petrozavodsk Conference (Russia, 2019), 12-13. (in Russian)
M. Almeida, N. Moreira, and R. Reis, Enumeration and generation with a string automata representation, Theor. Comp. Sci. 387 (2007), 93-102, Theorem 6.
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), pp. 337-338.
Joerg Arndt, Subset-lex: did we miss an order?, arXiv:1405.6503 [math.CO], 2014.
A. Asinowski, B. Hackl, and S. Selkirk, Down step statistics in generalized Dyck paths, arXiv:2007.15562 [math.CO], 2020.
Jean-Christophe Aval, Multivariate Fuss-Catalan numbers, arXiv:0711.0906 [math.CO], 2007.
Jean-Christophe Aval, Multivariate Fuss-Catalan numbers, Discrete Math., 308 (2008), 4660-4669.
I. Bajunaid et al., Function series, Catalan numbers and random walks on trees, Amer. Math. Monthly 112 (2005), 765-785.
P. Balduf, The propagator and diffeomorphisms of an interacting field theory, Master's thesis, submitted to the Institut für Physik, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Humboldt-Universtität, Berlin, 2018.
Christian Ballot, Lucasnomial Fuss-Catalan Numbers and Related Divisibility Questions, J. Int. Seq., 21 (2018), Article 18.6.5.
C. Banderier, M. Bousquet-Mélou, A. Denise, P. Flajolet, D. Gardy and D. Gouyou-Beauchamps, Generating functions for generating trees, Discrete Mathematics 246(1-3) (2002), 29-55.
C. Banderier and D. Merlini, Lattice paths with an infinite set of jumps, FPSAC02, Melbourne, 2002.
T. Banica, S. Belinschi, M. Capitaine, and B. Collins, Free Bessel laws, arXiv:0710.5931 [math.PR], 2008.
Paul Barry, Riordan arrays, generalized Narayana triangles, and series reversion, Linear Algebra and its Applications, 491 (2016), 343-385.
Paul Barry, Chebyshev moments and Riordan involutions, arXiv:1912.11845 [math.CO], 2019.
Paul Barry, Characterizations of the Borel triangle and Borel polynomials, arXiv:2001.08799 [math.CO], 2020.
Paul Barry, Notes on Riordan arrays and lattice paths, arXiv:2504.09719 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 27, 29.
Y. Baryshnikov, On Stokes sets, New developments in singularity theory (Cambridge, 2000): 65-86. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, 2001.
L. W. Beineke and R. E. Pippert, Enumerating labeled k-dimensional trees and ball dissections, pp. 12-26 of Proceedings of Second Chapel Hill Conference on Combinatorial Mathematics and Its Applications, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1970. Reprinted in Math. Annalen, 191 (1971), 87-98.
L. W. Beineke and R. E. Pippert, Enumerating dissectable polyhedra by their automorphism groups, Canad. J. Math., 26 (1974), 50-67.
Francois Bergeron, Combinatorics of r-Dyck paths, r-Parking functions, and the r-Tamari lattices, arXiv:1202.6269 [math.CO], 2012.
Olivier Bernardi and Nicolas Bonichon, Intervals in Catalan lattices and realizers of triangulations, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 116:1 (2009), pp. 55-75. See also Bernardi's slides, Catalan lattices and realizers of triangulations (April 2007).
D. Bevan, D. Levin, P. Nugent, J. Pantone, and L. Pudwell, Pattern avoidance in forests of binary shrubs, arXiv:1510:08036 [math.CO], 2015.
Allan Bickle, A Survey of Maximal k-degenerate Graphs and k-Trees, Theory and Applications of Graphs 0 1 (2024) Article 5.
D. Birmajer, J. B. Gil and M. D. Weiner, Colored partitions of a convex polygon by noncrossing diagonals, arXiv:1503.05242 [math.CO], 2015.
Michel Bousquet and Cédric Lamathe, On symmetric structures of order two, Discrete Math. Theor. Comput. Sci. 10 (2008), 153-176.
M. Bousquet-Mélou and M. Petkovšek, Walks confined in a quadrant are not always D-finite, arXiv:math/0211432 [math.CO], 2002.
Włodzimierz Bryc, Raouf Fakhfakh, and Wojciech Młotkowski, Cauchy-Stieltjes families with polynomial variance functions and generalized orthogonality, arXiv:1708.05343 [math.PR], 2017-2019. Also in Probability and Mathematical Statistics 39(2) (2019), 237-258.
David Callan and Toufik Mansour, Ascent sequences avoiding a triple of length-3 patterns, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 32(1) (2025), #P1.40. See p. 16.
N. T. Cameron, Random walks, trees and extensions of Riordan group techniques, Dissertation, Howard University, 2002.
Naiomi Cameron and J. E. McLeod, Returns and Hills on Generalized Dyck Paths, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 19, 2016, #16.6.1.
Peter J. Cameron and Liam Stott, Trees and cycles, arXiv:2010.14902 [math.CO], 2020. See p. 33.
L. Carlitz, Enumeration of two-line arrays, Fib. Quart., 11(2) (1973), 113-130.
F. Cazals, Combinatorics of Non-Crossing Configurations, Studies in Automatic Combinatorics, Volume II (1997).
Matteo Cervetti and Luca Ferrari, Pattern avoidance in the matching pattern poset, arXiv:2009.01024 [math.CO], 2020.
W. Y. C. Chen, T. Mansour and S. H. F. Yan, Matchings avoiding partial patterns, arXiv:math/0504342 [math.CO], 2005.
Malin Christensson, Make hyperbolic tilings of images, web page, 2019.
J. Cigler, Some remarks about q-Chebyshev polynomials and q-Catalan numbers and related results, arXiv:1312.2767 [math.CO], 2013.
B. Collins, I. Nechita, and K. Zyczkowski, Random graph states, maximal flow and Fuss-Catalan distributions, arXiv:1003.3075 [quant-ph], 2010.
T. C. Copeland, Compositional inverse pairs, the Burgers-Hopf equation, and the Stasheff associahedra, 2014.
T. C. Copeland, Discriminating Deltas, Depressed Equations, and Generalized Catalan Numbers, 2012.
S. J. Cyvin, Jianji Wang, J. Brunvoll, Shiming Cao, Ying Li, B. N. Cyvin, and Yugang Wang, Staggered conformers of alkanes: complete solution of the enumeration problem, J. Molec. Struct. 413-414 (1997), 227-239.
S. J. Cyvin et al., Enumeration of staggered conformers of alkanes and monocyclic cycloalkanes, J. Molec. Struct., 445 (1998), 127-13.
Colin Defant, Catalan Intervals and Uniquely Sorted Permutations, arXiv:1904.02627 [math.CO], 2019.
Colin Defant and N. Kravitz, Stack-sorting for words, arXiv:1809.09158 [math.CO], 2018.
E. Deutsch, S. Feretic and M. Noy, Diagonally convex directed polyominoes and even trees: a bijection and related issues, Discrete Math., 256 (2002), 645-654.
S. Dulucq, Etude combinatoire de problèmes d'énumération, d'algorithmique sur les arbres et de codage par des mots, a thesis presented to l'Université de Bordeaux I, 1987. (Annotated scanned copy)
Jins de Jong, Alexander Hock, and Raimar Wulkenhaar, Catalan tables and a recursion relation in noncommutative quantum field theory, arXiv:1904.11231 [math-ph], 2019.
Emeric Deutsch and M. Noy, Statistics on non-crossing trees, Discrete Math., 254 (2002), 75-87.
R. Dickau, Fuss-Catalan Numbers. Figures of various interpretations.
C. Domb and A. J. Barrett, Enumeration of ladder graphs, Discrete Math. 9 (1974), 341-358.
C. Domb and A. J. Barrett, Enumeration of ladder graphs, Discrete Math. 9 (1974), 341-358. (Annotated scanned copy)
C. Domb and A. J. Barrett, Notes on Table 2 in "Enumeration of ladder graphs", Discrete Math. 9 (1974), 55. (Annotated scanned copy)
J. A. Eidswick, Short factorizations of permutations into transpositions, Disc. Math. 73 (1989) 239-243
Bryan Ek, Lattice Walk Enumeration, arXiv:1803.10920 [math.CO], 2018.
Bryan Ek, Unimodal Polynomials and Lattice Walk Enumeration with Experimental Mathematics, arXiv:1804.05933 [math.CO], 2018.
I. M. H. Etherington, Non-associate powers and a functional equation, Math. Gaz. 21 (1937), 36-39; addendum 21 (1937), 153.
I. M. H. Etherington, Some problems of non-associative combinations, Edinburgh Math. Notes, 32 (1940), 1-6.
I. M. H. Etherington, Some problems of non-associative combinations (I), Edinburgh Math. Notes, 32 (1940), pp. i-vi. [Annotated scanned copy]. Part II [not scanned] is by A. Erdelyi and I. M. H. Etherington, and it is on pages vii-xiv of the same issue.
Jishe Feng, The Hessenberg matrices and Catalan and its generalized numbers, arXiv:1810.09170 [math.CO], 2018. See p. 4.
P. Flajolet and R. Sedgewick, Analytic Combinatorics, 2009; see page 486.
N. Gabriel, K. Peske, L. Pudwell, and S. Tay, Pattern Avoidance in Ternary Trees, J. Int. Seq. 15 (2012), #12.1.5
I. Gessel and G. Xin, The generating function of ternary trees and continued fractions, arXiv:math/0505217 [math.CO], 2005.
S. Goldstein, J. L. Lebowitz, E. R. Speer, The Discrete-Time Facilitated Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process, arXiv:2003.04995 [math-ph], 2020.
N. S. S. Gu, N. Y. Li and T. Mansour, 2-Binary trees: bijections and related issues, Discr. Math., 308 (2008), 1209-1221.
Nancy S.S. Gu and Helmut Prodinger, A bijection between two subfamilies of Motzkin paths, arXiv:2007.02142 [math.CO], 2020.
F. Harary, E. M. Palmer, R. C. Read, On the cell-growth problem for arbitrary polygons, computer printout, circa 1974
Tian-Xiao He, The Vertical Recursive Relation of Riordan Arrays and Its Matrix Representation, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 25 (2022), Article 22.9.5.
T.-X. He, L. W. Shapiro, Fuss-Catalan matrices, their weighted sums, and stabilizer subgroups of the Riordan group, Lin. Alg. Applic. 532 (2017) 25-41, Fuss-Catalan Number (F_3)_n
V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., Letters to N. J. A. Sloane, 1974-1975.
V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., 7-page typed letter to N. J. A. Sloane with suggestions for new sequences, circa 1977.
V. E. Hoggatt, Jr. and M. Bicknell, Catalan and related sequences arising from inverses of Pascal's triangle matrices, Fib. Quart., 14 (1976), 395-405.
Vera M. Hur, M. A. Johnson, and J. L. Martin, Oscillation estimates of eigenfunctions via the combinatorics of noncrossing partitions, arXiv:1609.02189 [math.SP], 2016.
Hsien-Kuei Hwang, Mihyun Kang, and Guan-Huei Duh, Asymptotic Expansions for Sub-Critical Lagrangean Forms, LIPIcs Proceedings of Analysis of Algorithms 2018, Vol. 110. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2018.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 53.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 285.
C. Ji and J. Propp, Brussels Sprouts, Noncrossing Trees, and Parking Functions, arXiv:1805.03608 [math.CO], 2018.
J. Jong, A. Hock, and R. Wulkenhaar Catalan tables and a recursion relation in noncommutative quantum field theory, arXiv:1904.11231 [math-ph], 2019.
A. V. Kitaev, Meromorphic Solution of the Degenerate Third Painlevé Equation Vanishing at the Origin, arXiv:1809.00122 [math.CA], 2018.
S. Kitaev and A. de Mier, Enumeration of fixed points of an involution on beta(1, 0)-trees, arXiv:1210.2618 [math.CO], 2012.
Don Knuth, 20th Anniversary Christmas Tree Lecture.
G. Kreweras, Sur les partitions non croisées d'un cycle, (French) Discrete Math. 1(4) (1972), 333-350. MR0309747 (46 #8852).
V. N. Krishnachandran, On the computation of the arcsin function in the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics, arXiv:2411.08296 [math.HO], 2024. See pp. 3, 13, 25.
D. V. Kruchinin, On solving some functional equations, Advances in Difference Equations (2015), 2015:17.
Dmitry V. Kruchinin and Vladimir V. Kruchinin, A Generating Function for the Diagonal T_{2n,n} in Triangles, Journal of Integer Sequences, 18 (2015), Article 15.4.6.
Markus Kuba and Alois Panholzer, Enumeration formulas for pattern restricted Stirling permutations, Discrete Math. 312(21) (2012), 3179--3194. MR2957938. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Sep 25 2012
Wolfdieter Lang, Ternary trees with n = 1, 2, 3 and 4 vertices.
Ho-Hon Leung and Thotsaporn "Aek" Thanatipanonda, A Probabilistic Two-Pile Game, arXiv:1903.03274 [math.CO], 2019.
R. P. Loh, A. G. Shannon, and A. F. Horadam, Divisibility Criteria and Sequence Generators Associated with Fermat Coefficients, preprint, 1980.
Lun Lv and Sabrina X.M. Pang, Reduced Decompositions of Matchings, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 18 (2011), #P107.
D. Merlini, R. Sprugnoli and M. C. Verri, The tennis ball problem, J. Combin. Theory, A 99 (2002), 307-344, (T_n for s=3).
Hugo Mlodecki, Decompositions of packed words and self duality of Word Quasisymmetric Functions, arXiv:2205.13949 [math.CO], 2022. See Table 4 p. 20.
W. Mlotkowski, M. Nowak, K. Penson, and K. Zyczkowski, Spectral density of generalized Wishart matrices and free multiplicative convolution, arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.1282 [math-ph], 2015.
W. Mlotkowski and K. A. Penson, The probability measure corresponding to 2-plane trees, arXiv:1304.6544 [math.PR], 2013.
Hanna Mularczyk, Lattice Paths and Pattern-Avoiding Uniquely Sorted Permutations, arXiv:1908.04025 [math.CO], 2019.
Emanuele Munarini, Shifting Property for Riordan, Sheffer and Connection Constants Matrices, Journal of Integer Sequences, 20 (2017), Article 17.8.2.
H. Niederhausen, Catalan Traffic at the Beach, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 9 (2002), #R33.
J.-C. Novelli, J.-Y. Thibon, Hopf Algebras of m-permutations,(m+1)-ary trees, and m-parking functions, arXiv:1403.5962 [math.CO], 2014.
M. Noy, Enumeration of noncrossing trees on a circle, Discrete Math., 180 (1998), 301-313.
R. N. Onody and U. P. C. Neves, Series Expansion of the Directed Percolation Probability, J. Phys. A 25 (1992), 6609-6615.
A. Panholzer and H. Prodinger, Bijections for ternary trees and non-crossing trees, Discrete Math., 250 (2002), 181-195.
K. A. Penson and A. I. Solomon, Coherent states from combinatorial sequences, arXiv:quant-ph/0111151, 2001.
K. H. Pilehrood and T. H. Pilehrood, Jacobi Polynomials and Congruences Involving Some Higher-Order Catalan Numbers and Binomial Coefficients, J. Int. Seq. 18 (2015), #15.11.7.
Helmut Prodinger, A simple bijection between a subclass of 2-binary trees and ternary trees, Discrete Mathematics 309(4) (2009), 959-961.
Helmut Prodinger, Generating functions for a lattice path model introduced by Deutsch, arXiv:2004.04215 [math.CO], 2020.
H. Prodinger, S. J. Selkirk, and S. Wagner, On two subclasses of Motzkin paths and their relation to ternary trees, arXiv:1902.01681 [math.CO], 2019; in: Algorithmic Combinatorics - Enumerative Combinatorics, Special Functions and Computer Algebra, Springer. To appear.
Jocelyn Quaintance, Combinatoric Enumeration of Two-Dimensional Proper Arrays, Discrete Math., 307 (2007), 1844-1864.
J. Riordan, Letter, Jul 06 1978.
B. Rittaud, On the Average Growth of Random Fibonacci Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, 10 (2007), Article 07.2.4.
A. Schuetz and G. Whieldon, Polygonal Dissections and Reversions of Series, arXiv:1401.7194 [math.CO], 2014.
Makoto Sekiyama, Toshiya Ohtsuki, and Hiroshi Yamamoto, Analytical Solution of Smoluchowski Equations in Aggregation-Fragmentation Processes, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 86.10, id 104003 (2017).
Michael Somos, Number Walls in Combinatorics.
B. Sury, Generalized Catalan numbers: linear recursion and divisibility, JIS 12 (2009), #09.7.5
L. Takacs, Enumeration of rooted trees and forests, Math. Scientist 18 (1993), 1-10, esp. Eq. (5).
N. J. Wildberger and Dean Rubine, A Hyper-Catalan Series Solution to Polynomial Equations, and the Geode, Amer. Math. Monthly (2025). See sections 11.3 and 12.
Aaron Williams, Pattern Avoidance for k-Catalan Sequences, Proc. 21st Int'l Conf. Permutation Patterns (2023).
S. Yakoubov, Pattern Avoidance in Extensions of Comb-Like Posets, arXiv:1310.2979 [math.CO], 2013.
Sheng-Liang Yang, L.-J. Wang, Taylor expansions for the m-Catalan numbers, Australasian Journal of Combinatorics, 64(3) (2016), 420-431.
Anssi Yli-Jyra, On Dependency Analysis via Contractions and Weighted FSTs, in Shall We Play the Festschrift Game?, Springer, 2012, pp. 133-158.
S.-n. Zheng and S.-l. Yang, On the-Shifted Central Coefficients of Riordan Matrices, Journal of Applied Mathematics, Volume 2014, Article ID 848374, 8 pages.
Jian Zhou, Fat and Thin Emergent Geometries of Hermitian One-Matrix Models, arXiv:1810.03883 [math-ph], 2018.
Index entries for "core" sequences
Index entries for sequences related to trees

Cf. A001762, A001763, A002294 - A002296, A006013, A025174, A063548, A064017, A072247, A072248, A134264, A143603, A258708, A256311, A188687 (binomial transform), A346628 (inverse binomial transform).
A column of triangle A102537.
Bisection of A047749 and A047761.
Row sums of triangles A108410 and A108767.
Second column of triangle A062993.
Mod 3 = A113047.
2D Polyominoes: A005034 (oriented), A005036 (unoriented), A369315 (chiral), A047749 (achiral), A000108 {3,oo}, A002293 {5,oo}.
3D Polyominoes: A007173 (oriented), A027610 (unoriented), A371350 (chiral), A371351 (achiral).
Cf. A130564 (for C(k, n) cases).

List([0..25],n->Binomial(3*n,n)/(2*n+1)); # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 31 2018

a001764 n = a001764_list !! n
a001764_list = 1 : [a258708 (2 * n) n | n <- [1..]]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 23 2015

[Binomial(3*n,n)/(2*n+1): n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 04 2014

A001764 := n->binomial(3*n,n)/(2*n+1): seq(A001764(n), n=0..25);
with(combstruct): BB:=[T,{T=Prod(Z,F),F=Sequence(B),B=Prod(F,Z,F)}, unlabeled]:seq(count(BB,size=i),i=0..22); # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 22 2007
with(combstruct):BB:=[S, {B = Prod(S,S,Z), S = Sequence(B)}, labelled]: seq(count(BB, size=n)/n!, n=0..21); # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 25 2008
n:=30:G:=series(RootOf(g = 1+x*g^3, g),x=0,n+1):seq(coeff(G,x,k),k=0..n); # Robert FERREOL, Apr 03 2015
alias(PS=ListTools:-PartialSums): A001764List := proc(m) local A, P, n;
A := [1,1]; P := [1]; for n from 1 to m - 2 do P := PS(PS([op(P), P[-1]]));
A := [op(A), P[-1]] od; A end: A001764List(25); # Peter Luschny, Mar 26 2022

InverseSeries[Series[y-y^3, {y, 0, 24}], x] (* then a(n)=y(2n+1)=ways to place non-crossing diagonals in convex (2n+4)-gon so as to create only quadrilateral tiles *) (* Len Smiley, Apr 08 2000 *)
Table[Binomial[3n,n]/(2n+1),{n,0,25}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 24 2011 *)

{a(n) = if( n<0, 0, (3*n)! / n! / (2*n + 1)!)};

{a(n) = if( n<0, 0, polcoeff( serreverse( x - x^3 + O(x^(2*n + 2))), 2*n + 1))};

{a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, A = 1 + O(x); for( m=1, n, A = 1 + x * A^3); polcoeff(A, n))};

b=vector(22);b[1]=1;for(n=2,22,for(i=1,n-1,for(j=1,n-1,for(k=1,n-1,if((i-1)+(j-1)+(k-1)-(n-2),NULL,b[n]=b[n]+b[i]*b[j]*b[k])))));a(n)=b[n+1]; print1(a(0));for(n=1,21,print1(", ",a(n))) \\ Gerald McGarvey, Oct 08 2008

Vec(1 + serreverse(x / (1+x)^3 + O(x^30))) \\ Gheorghe Coserea, Aug 05 2015

from math import comb
def A001764(n): return comb(3*n,n)//(2*n+1) # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 10 2022

def A001764_list(n) :
    D = [0]*(n+1); D[1] = 1
    R = []; b = false; h = 1
    for i in range(2*n) :
        for k in (1..h) : D[k] += D[k-1]
        if not b : R.append(D[h])
        else : h += 1
        b = not b
    return R
A001764_list(22) # Peter Luschny, May 03 2012

From Karol A. Penson, Nov 08 2001: (Start)
G.f.: (2/sqrt(3*x))*sin((1/3)*arcsin(sqrt(27*x/4))).
E.g.f.: hypergeom([1/3, 2/3], [1, 3/2], 27/4*x).
Integral representation as n-th moment of a positive function on [0, 27/4]: a(n) = Integral_{x=0..27/4} (x^n*((1/12) * 3^(1/2) * 2^(1/3) * (2^(1/3)*(27 + 3 * sqrt(81 - 12*x))^(2/3) - 6 * x^(1/3))/(Pi * x^(2/3)*(27 + 3 * sqrt(81 - 12*x))^(1/3)))), n >= 0. This representation is unique. (End)
G.f. A(x) satisfies A(x) = 1+x*A(x)^3 = 1/(1-x*A(x)^2) [Cyvin (1998)]. - Ralf Stephan, Jun 30 2003
a(n) = n-th coefficient in expansion of power series P(n), where P(0) = 1, P(k+1) = 1/(1 - x*P(k)^2).
G.f. Rev(x/c(x))/x, where c(x) is the g.f. of A000108 (Rev=reversion of). - Paul Barry, Mar 26 2010
From Gary W. Adamson, Jul 07 2011: (Start)
Let M = the production matrix:
  1, 1
  2, 2, 1
  3, 3, 2, 1
  4, 4, 3, 2, 1
  5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
  ...
a(n) = upper left term in M^n. Top row terms of M^n = (n+1)-th row of triangle A143603, with top row sums generating A006013: (1, 2, 7, 30, 143, 728, ...). (End)
Recurrence: a(0)=1; a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n-1, j=0..n-1-i} a(i)a(j)a(n-1-i-j) for n >= 1 (counts ternary trees by subtrees of the root). - David Callan, Nov 21 2011
G.f.: 1 + 6*x/(Q(0) - 6*x); Q(k) = 3*x*(3*k + 1)*(3*k + 2) + 2*(2*(k^2) + 5*k +3) - 6*x*(2*(k^2) + 5*k + 3)*(3*k + 4)*(3*k + 5)/Q(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Nov 27 2011
D-finite with recurrence: 2*n*(2n+1)*a(n) - 3*(3n-1)*(3n-2)*a(n-1) = 0. - R. J. Mathar, Dec 14 2011
REVERT transform of A115140. BINOMIAL transform is A188687. SUMADJ transform of A188678. HANKEL transform is A051255. INVERT transform of A023053. INVERT transform is A098746. - Michael Somos, Apr 07 2012
(n + 1) * a(n) = A174687(n).
G.f.: F([2/3,4/3], [3/2], 27/4*x) / F([2/3,1/3], [1/2], (27/4)*x) where F() is the hypergeometric function. - Joerg Arndt, Sep 01 2012
a(n) = binomial(3*n+1, n)/(3*n+1) = A062993(n+1,1). - Robert FERREOL, Apr 03 2015
a(n) = A258708(2*n,n) for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 23 2015
0 = a(n)*(-3188646*a(n+2) + 20312856*a(n+3) - 11379609*a(n+4) + 1437501*a(n+5)) + a(n+1)*(177147*a(n+2) - 2247831*a(n+3) + 1638648*a(n+4) - 238604*a(n+5)) + a(n+2)*(243*a(n+2) + 31497*a(n+3) - 43732*a(n+4) + 8288*a(n+5)) for all integer n. - Michael Somos, Jun 03 2016
a(n) ~ 3^(3*n + 1/2)/(sqrt(Pi)*4^(n+1)*n^(3/2)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Nov 21 2016
Given g.f. A(x), then A(1/8) = -1 + sqrt(5), A(2/27) = (-1 + sqrt(3))*3/2, A(4/27) = 3/2, A(3/64) = -2 + 2*sqrt(7/3), A(5/64) = (-1 + sqrt(5))*2/sqrt(5), etc. A(n^2/(n+1)^3) = (n+1)/n if n > 1. - Michael Somos, Jul 17 2018
From Peter Bala, Sep 14 2021: (Start)
A(x) = exp( Sum_{n >= 1} (1/3)*binomial(3*n,n)*x^n/n ).
The sequence defined by b(n) := [x^n] A(x)^n = A224274(n) for n >= 1 and satisfies the congruence b(p) == b(1) (mod p^3) for prime p >= 3. Cf. A060941. (End)
G.f.: 1/sqrt(B(x)+(1-6*x)/(9*B(x))+1/3), with B(x):=((27*x^2-18*x+2)/54-(x*sqrt((-(4-27*x))*x))/(2*3^(3/2)))^(1/3). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Sep 28 2021
x*A'(x)/A(x) = (A(x) - 1)/(- 2*A(x) + 3) = x + 5*x^2 + 28*x^3 + 165*x^4 + ... is the o.g.f. of A025174. Cf. A002293 - A002296. - Peter Bala, Feb 04 2022
a(n) = hypergeom([1 - n, -2*n], [2], 1). Row sums of A108767. - Peter Bala, Aug 30 2023
G.f.: z*exp(3*z*hypergeom([1, 1, 4/3, 5/3], [3/2, 2, 2], (27*z)/4)) + 1.
 - Karol A. Penson, Dec 19 2023
G.f.: hypergeometric([1/3, 2/3], [3/2], (3^3/2^2)*x). See the e.g.f. above. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 04 2024
a(n) = (3*n)! / (n!*(2*n+1)!). - Allan Bickle, Feb 20 2024
Sum_{n >= 0} a(n)*x^n/(1 + x)^(3*n+1) = 1. See A316371 and A346627. - Peter Bala, Jun 02 2024
G.f. A(x) satisfies A(x) = 1/A(-x*A(x)^5). - Seiichi Manyama, Jun 16 2025

A047749 If n = 2m then a(n) = binomial(3m, m)/(2m+1), if n=2m+1 then a(n) = binomial(3m+1, m+1)/(2m+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 30, 55, 143, 273, 728, 1428, 3876, 7752, 21318, 43263, 120175, 246675, 690690, 1430715, 4032015, 8414640, 23841480, 50067108, 142498692, 300830572, 859515920, 1822766520, 5225264024, 11124755664, 31983672534, 68328754959, 196947587823, 422030545335

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

nonn

Hankel transform appears to be a signed aerated version of A059492. - Paul Barry, Apr 16 2008
Row sums of inverse Riordan array (1, x*(1-x^2))^(-1). - Paul Barry, Apr 16 2008
a(n) is the number of permutations of length n avoiding 213 in the classical sense which are breadth-first search reading words of increasing unary-binary trees. For more details, see the entry for permutations avoiding 231 at A245898. - Manda Riehl, Aug 05 2014
From David Callan, Aug 22 2014: (Start)
a(n) is the number of ordered trees (A000108) with n vertices in which every non-root non-leaf vertex has exactly one leaf child (no restriction on its non-leaf children). For example, a(4) counts the 3 trees
   |             |
   \/    \|/    \/
(End)
From Emeric Deutsch, Oct 28 2014: (Start)
a(n) is the number of symmetric ternary trees having n internal nodes.
a(n) is the number of symmetric non-crossing rooted trees having n edges.
a(n) is the number of symmetric even trees having 2n edges.
a(n) is the number of symmetric diagonally convex directed polyominoes having n diagonals.
(End)
For the above 4 items see the Deutsch-Feretic-Noy reference.
a(n) is also the number of self-dual labeled non-crossing trees with n edges. See my paper in the links section. - Nikos Apostolakis, Jun 11 2019
Number of achiral polyominoes composed of n square cells of the hyperbolic regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {4,oo}. A stereographic projection of this tiling on the Poincaré disk can be obtained via the Christensson link. An achiral polyomino is identical to its reflection. - Robert A. Russell, Jan 20 2024

			G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + 3*x^4 + 7*x^5 + 12*x^6 + 30*x^7 + 55*x^8 + ...

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Per Alexandersson, Frether Getachew Kebede, Samuel Asefa Fufa, and Dun Qiu, Pattern-Avoidance and Fuss-Catalan Numbers, J. Int. Seq. (2023) Vol. 26, Art. 23.4.2.
Nikos Apostolakis, Non-crossing trees, quadrangular dissections, ternary trees, and duality preserving bijections arXiv:1804.01214 [math.CO], 2018.
Jean-Luc Baril, Alexander Burstein, and Sergey Kirgizov, Pattern statistics in faro words and permutations, arXiv:2010.06270 [math.CO], 2020. See Theorem 4.4.
Paul Barry, Jacobsthal Decompositions of Pascal's Triangle, Ternary Trees, and Alternating Sign Matrices, Journal of Integer Sequences, 19, 2016, #16.3.5.
Paul Barry, Centered polygon numbers, heptagons and nonagons, and the Robbins numbers, arXiv:2104.01644 [math.CO], 2021.
Paul Barry, Extensions of Riordan Arrays and Their Applications, Mathematics (2025) Vol. 13, No. 2, 242. See pp. 23-24.
L. W. Beineke and R. E. Pippert, Enumerating dissectable polyhedra by their automorphism groups, Can. J. Math., 26 (1974), 50-67.
M. Bousquet and C. Lamathe, Enumeration of solid trees according to edge number and edge degree distribution, Discr. Math., 298 (2005), 115-141.
Michel Bousquet and Cédric Lamathe, On symmetric structures of order two, Discrete Math. Theor. Comput. Sci. 10 (2008), 153-176.
Hassen Cheriha, Yousra Gati, and Vladimir Petrov Kostov, Descartes' rule of signs, Rolle's theorem and sequences of admissible pairs, arXiv:1805.04261 [math.CA], 2018.
Malin Christensson, Make hyperbolic tilings of images, web page, 2019.
S. J. Cyvin, Jianji Wang, J. Brunvoll, Shiming Cao, Ying Li, B. N. Cyvin, and Yugang Wang, Staggered conformers of alkanes: complete solution of the enumeration problem, J. Molec. Struct. 413-414 (1997), 227-239.
S. J. Cyvin et al., Enumeration of staggered conformers of alkanes and monocyclic cycloalkanes, J. Molec. Struct., 445 (1998), 127-137.
Alexander Burstein, Sergi Elizalde, and Toufik Mansour, Restricted Dumont permutations, Dyck paths and noncrossing partitions, arXiv:math/0610234 [math.CO], 2006. [Theorem 3.5]
Emeric Deutsch, Another Path to Generalized Catalan Numbers:Problem 10751, Amer. Math. Monthly, 108 (Nov., 2001), 872-873.
Emeric Deutsch, S. Feretic and M. Noy, Diagonally convex directed polyominoes and even trees: a bijection and related issues, Discrete Math., 256 (2002), 645-654.
F. Hering et al., The enumeration of stack polytopes and simplicial clusters, Discrete Math., 40 (1982), 203-217.
Clark Kimberling, Matrix Transformations of Integer Sequences, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 6, 2003.
Anthony Zaleski and Doron Zeilberger, On the Intriguing Problem of Counting (n+1,n+2)-Core Partitions into Odd Parts, arXiv:1712.10072 [math.CO], 2017.

Column k=3 of A369929 and k=4 of A370062.
Cf. A000108, A032766, A059492.
Cf. A006013 is the odd-indexed terms of this sequence.
Polyominoes: A005034 (oriented), A005036 (unoriented), A369315 (chiral), A385149 (asymmetric), A001764 (rooted), A208355(n-1) {3,oo}, A369472 {5,oo}.

G:=Gamma; [Round((1+(-1)^n)*G(3*n/2+1)/(G(n/2+1)*Factorial(n+1)) + (1-(-1)^n)*G((3*n+1)/2)/(G((n+3)/2)*Factorial(n)))/2: n in [0..35]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jul 07 2019

A047749 := proc(m) if m mod 2 = 1 then x := (m-1)/2; RETURN((3*x+1)!/((x+1)!*(2*x+1)!)); fi; x := m/2; RETURN((3*x)!/(x!*(2*x+1)!)); end;
A047749 := proc(m) local x; if m mod 2 = 1 then x := (m-1)/2; RETURN((3*x+1)!/((x+1)!*(2*x+1)!)); fi; RETURN(A001764(m/2)); end;

a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, Boole[n == 0], SeriesCoefficient[ InverseSeries[ Series[ (x + 2 x^2) / (1 + x)^3, {x, 0, n}]], {x, 0, n}]]; (* Michael Somos, Oct 29 2014 *)
Table[If[OddQ[n],2Binomial[(3n-1)/2,(n-1)/2],Binomial[3n/2,n/2]]/(n+1),{n,0,40}] (* Robert A. Russell, Jan 19 2024 *)

{a(n)=local(A=1+x);for(i=1,n,A=1+x*A^2*subst(A,x,-x+x*O(x^n)));polcoeff(A,n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Sep 20 2009

x='x+O('x^66);
C(x)=serreverse(x-x^3); /* =x+x^3+3*x^5+12*x^7+55*x^9 +..., cf. A001764 */
s=1/(1-C(x)); /* g.f. */
Vec(s) /* Joerg Arndt, Apr 16 2011 */

apr(n, p, r) = r*binomial(n*p+r, n)/(n*p+r);
a(n) = apr(n\2, 3, n%2+1); \\ Seiichi Manyama, Jul 20 2025

from math import comb
def A047749(n): return comb(n+(a:=n>>1),a+(b:=n&1))//(n+1-b) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 30 2022

def A047749_list(n) :
    D = [0]*n; D[1] = 1
    R = []; b = False; h = 1
    for i in range(n) :
        for k in (1..h) :
            D[k] = D[k] + D[k-1]
        R.append(D[h])
        if b : h += 1
        b = not b
    return R
A047749_list(35) # Peter Luschny, May 03 2012

[1]+[((1+(-1)^n)*binomial(3*n/2,n/2)/(n+1) + (1-(-1)^n)* binomial((3*n-1)/2, (n+1)/2)/n)/2 for n in (1..35)] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 07 2019

G.f. is 1+Z, where Z satisfies x*Z^3 + (3*x-2)*Z^2 + (3*x-1)*Z + x = 0. Equivalently, the g.f. Y satisfies x*Y^3 - 2*Y^2 + 3*Y - 1 = 0. - Vladeta Jovovic, Dec 06 2002
Reversion of g.f. (x-2*x^2)/(1-x)^3 (ignoring signs). - Ralf Stephan, Mar 22 2004
G.f.: (4/(3*x))*(sin((1/3)*asin(sqrt(27*x^2/4))))^2 +(2/sqrt(3*x^2))*sin((1/3)*asin(sqrt(27*x^2/4))). - Paul Barry, Nov 08 2006
G.f.: 1/(1-2*sin(asin(3*sqrt(3)*x/2)/3)/sqrt(3)). - Paul Barry, Apr 16 2008
From Paul D. Hanna, Sep 20 2009: (Start)
G.f. satisfies: A(x) = 1 + x*A(x)^2*A(-x);
also, A(x)*A(-x) = B(x^2) where B(x) = 1 + x*B(x)^3 = g.f. of A001764. (End)
G.f.: 1/(1-C(x)) where C(x) = Reverse(x-x^3) = x + x^3 + 3*x^5 + 12*x^7 + 55*x^9 + ... (cf. A001764). - Joerg Arndt, Apr 16 2011
G.f.: G(z^2)+z*G(z^2)^2, where G(z) = 1 + z*G(z)^3, the generating function for A001764. - Robert A. Russell, Jan 26 2024
From Gary W. Adamson, Jul 14 2011: (Start)
a(n) is the upper left term in M^n, M = the infinite square production matrix:
  1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...
  0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...
  1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, ...
  0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...
  1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...
  ... (End)
Conjecture D-finite with recurrence: 8*n*(n+1)*a(n) + 36*n*(n-2)*a(n-1) - 6*(9*n^2-18*n+14)*a(n-2) - 27*(3*n-7)*(3*n-8)*a(n-3) = 0. - R. J. Mathar, Dec 19 2011
0 = a(n)*(+7308954*a(n+2) - 16659999*a(n+3) - 4854519*a(n+4) + 6201838*a(n+5)) + a(n+1)*(-406053*a(n+2) - 1627560*a(n+3) + 1683538*a(n+4) - 245747*a(n+5)) + a(n+2)*(+45117*a(n+2) + 235870*a(n+3) + 173953*a(n+4) - 484295*a(n+5)) + a(n+3)*(-41820*a(n+3) - 50184*a(n+4) + 22304*a(n+5)) for all n in Z if a(-1) = -2/3. - Michael Somos, Oct 29 2014
a(0) = 1; a(n) = Sum_{i=0..n-1} Sum_{j=0..n-i-1} (-1)^i * a(i) * a(j) * a(n-i-j-1). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 28 2021
a(n) = binomial(A032766(n),floor((n+1)/2))/(2*floor(n/2)+1). - Miko Labalan, Nov 28 2023
a(n) = 2*A005036(n) - A005034(n) = A005034(n) - 2*A369315(n) = A005036(n) - A369315(n). - Robert A. Russell, Jan 20 2024
From Robert A. Russell, Mar 20 2024: (Start)
a(n) = U(n) in the Beineke and Pippert link.
G.f.: E(1)(t*E(3)(t^2)) (second entry in Table 1), where E(d)(t) is defined in formula 3 of Hering link. (End)
From Robert A. Russell, Jul 15 2024: (Start)
a(2m) = A001764(m) ~ (3^3/2^2)^m*sqrt(3/(2*Pi*(2*m)^3)).
a(n+2)/a(n) ~ 27/4; a(2m+1)/a(2m) ~ 3; a(2m)/a(2m-1) ~ 9/4. (End)
a(n) ~ 3^((6n+3)/4)/(sqrt(Pi)*2^((2n-1)/2)*(2n+1)^(3/2)). - Miko Labalan, Dec 05 2024
a(0) = 1; a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor((n-1)/2)} a(2*k) * a(n-1-2*k). - Seiichi Manyama, Jul 07 2025

A001683 Number of one-sided triangulations of the disk; or flexagons of order n; or unlabeled plane trivalent trees (n-2 internal vertices, all of degree 3 and hence n leaves).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 6, 19, 49, 150, 442, 1424, 4522, 14924, 49536, 167367, 570285, 1965058, 6823410, 23884366, 84155478, 298377508, 1063750740, 3811803164, 13722384546, 49611801980, 180072089896, 655977266884, 2397708652276, 8791599732140, 32330394085528

Offset: 2

N. J. A. Sloane

a(n) is the number of triangulations of an n-gon (equivalently, the number of vertices of the (n - 3)-dimensional associahedron) modulo the cyclic action [Bowman and Regev]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 29 2012
a(n) is also the number of non-isomorphic cluster-tilted algebras of type A_(n-3), for n greater than or equal to 5. Equivalently it is the number of non-isomorphic quivers in the mutation class of any quiver with underlying graph A_(n-3) for n greater than or equal to 5. - Hermund A. Torkildsen (hermunda(AT)math.ntnu.no), Aug 06 2008
Number of oriented polyominoes composed of n-2 triangular cells of the hyperbolic regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {3,oo}. A stereographic projection of this tiling on the Poincaré disk can be obtained via the Christensson link. For oriented polyominoes, chiral pairs are counted as two. - Robert A. Russell, Jan 20 2024

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=2..200
Marc J. Beauchamp, On Extremal Punctured Spheres, Dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2017.
F. R. Bernhart & N. J. A. Sloane, Correspondence, 1977
Douglas Bowman and Alon Regev, Counting symmetry classes of dissections of a convex regular polygon, arXiv preprint arXiv:1209.6270 [math.CO], 2012. See Th. 29(2).
William G. Brown, Enumeration of Triangulations of the Disk, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. s3-14 (1964) 746-768.
W. G. Brown, Enumeration of Triangulations of the Disk, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. s3-14 (1964) 746-768. [Annotated scanned copy]
P. J. Cameron, Some treelike objects, Quart. J. Math. Oxford, 38 (1987), 155-183. See p. 163, line 4, but note that the formula given there has many typos (see the correct version given here).
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
Malin Christensson, Make hyperbolic tilings of images, web page, 2019.
O. Devillers, Vertex removal in two-dimensional Delauney triangulation: Speed-up by low degrees optimization, Comp. Geom. 44 (2011) 169.
Petr Gregor, Sven Jäger, Torsten Mütze, Joe Sawada, Kaja Wille, Gray codes and symmetric chains, arXiv:1802.06021 [math.CO], 2018.
F. Harary, E. M. Palmer, R. C. Read, On the cell-growth problem for arbitrary polygons, computer printout, circa 1974
F. Harary, E. M. Palmer and R. C. Read, On the cell-growth problem for arbitrary polygons, Discr. Math. 11 (1975), 371-389.
E. Krasko, A. Omelchenko, Brown's Theorem and its Application for Enumeration of Dissections and Planar Trees, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 22 (2015), #P1.17.
C. O. Oakley and R. J. Wisner, Flexagons, The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 64, No. 3 (Mar., 1957), pp. 143-154
R. C. Read, On general dissections of a polygon, Preprint (1974)
Hermund A. Torkildsen, Counting cluster-tilted algebras of type A_n, International Electronic Journal of Algebra, 4, 2008, 149-158. [From Hermund A. Torkildsen (hermunda(AT)math.ntnu.no), Aug 06 2008]
Hermund A. Torkildsen, Colored quivers of type A and the cell-growth problem, J. Algebra and Applications, 12 (2013), #1250133. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jan 22 2013

Column k=3 of A295224.
Cf. A007282, A057162.
A row or column of the array in A262586.
Polyominoes: A000207 (unoriented), A369314 (chiral), A208355(n-1) (achiral), A005034 {4,oo}, A007173 {3,3,oo}.

C := n->binomial(2*n,n)/(n+1); c := x->if whattype(x) = integer then C(x) else 0; fi; A001683 := n->C(n-2)/n + c(n/2-1)/2+(2/3)*c(n/3-1);

p=3; Table[Binomial[(p-1)n, n]/(((p-2)n+1)((p-2)n+2)) +If[OddQ[n], 0, Binomial[(p-1)n/2, n/2]/((p-2)n+2)]+Plus @@ Map[EulerPhi[ # ]Binomial[((p-1)n+1)/#, (n-1)/# ]/((p-1)n+1)&, Complement[Divisors[GCD[p, n-1]], {1}]], {n, 0, 20}] (* Robert A. Russell, Dec 11 2004 *)
Rest[Rest[CoefficientList[Series[(6 + (1 - 4 x)^(3/2) + 6 x - 3(1 - 4 x^2)^(1/2) - 4 (1 - 4 x^3)^(1/2))/12, {x, 0, 33}], x]]] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 25 2015 *)

Cat(n)=if(n==floor(n),return(binomial(2*n,n)/(n+1)));0
for(n=2,100,print1(Cat(n-2)/n+Cat(n/2-1)/2+(2/3)*Cat(n/3-1),", ")) \\ Derek Orr, Feb 26 2017

a(n) = C(n-2)/n + C(n/2-1)/2 + (2/3)*C(n/3-1), where C(n) = Catalan(n) (A000108) and terms are omitted if their subscripts are not integers.
G.f.: (6 + (1 - 4*x)^(3/2) + 6*x - 3*(1 - 4*x^2)^(1/2) - 4*(1 - 4*x^3)^(1/2))/12. - David Callan, Aug 01 2004
a(n) ~ 2^(2*n-4) / (sqrt(Pi) * n^(5/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 13 2016
a(n+2) = A000207(n) + A369314(n) = 2*A000207(n) - A208355(n-1) = 2*A369314(n) + A208355(n-1). - Robert A. Russell, Jan 19 2024
G.f.: z^2 * (4*G(z) - G(z)^2 + 3*G(z^2) + 4*z*G(z^3)) / 6, where G(z) = 1 + z*G(z)^2 is the g.f. for A000108. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 06 2024

A005036 Number of nonequivalent dissections of a polygon into n quadrilaterals by nonintersecting diagonals up to rotation and reflection.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 5, 16, 60, 261, 1243, 6257, 32721, 175760, 963900, 5374400, 30385256, 173837631, 1004867079, 5861610475, 34469014515, 204161960310, 1217145238485, 7299007647552, 44005602441840

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Closed formula is given in my paper linked below. - Nikos Apostolakis, Aug 01 2018

Number of unoriented polyominoes composed of n square cells of the hyperbolic regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {4,oo}. A stereographic projection of this tiling on the Poincaré disk can be obtained via the Christensson link. For unoriented polyominoes, chiral pairs are counted as one. - Robert A. Russell, Jan 20 2024

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..100
Nikos Apostolakis, Non-crossing trees, quadrangular dissections, ternary trees, and duality preserving bijections, arXiv:1807.11602 [math.CO], July 2018.
Malin Christensson, Make hyperbolic tilings of images, web page, 2019.
F. Harary, E. M. Palmer, and R. C. Read, On the cell-growth problem for arbitrary polygons, computer printout, circa 1974
F. Harary, E. M. Palmer and R. C. Read, On the cell-growth problem for arbitrary polygons, Discr. Math. 11 (1975), 371-389.
E. V. Konstantinova, A survey of the cell-growth problem and some its variations, Com 2 MaC-KOSEF, 2001. (Archived link.)
Index entries for "core" sequences

Column k=4 of A295260.
Cf. A005419, A004127.
Polyominoes: A005034 (oriented), A369315 (chiral), A047749 (achiral), A385149 (asymmetric), A001764 (rooted), A000207 {3,oo}, A005040 {5,oo}, A005038 {5,oo} (oriented).

p=4; Table[(Binomial[(p-1)n, n]/(((p-2)n+1)((p-2)n+2)) + If[OddQ[n], If[OddQ[p], Binomial[(p-1)n/2, (n-1)/2]/n, (p+1)Binomial[((p-1)n-1)/2, (n-1)/2]/((p-2)n+2)], 3Binomial[(p-1)n/2, n/2]/((p-2)n+2)]+Plus @@ Map[EulerPhi[ # ]Binomial[((p-1)n+1)/#, (n-1)/# ]/((p-1)n+1)&, Complement[Divisors[GCD[p, n-1]], {1, 2}]])/2, {n, 1, 20}] (* Robert A. Russell, Dec 11 2004 *)
Table[(3Binomial[3n,n]/(2n+1)-Binomial[3n+1,n]/(n+1)-If[OddQ[n],-10Binomial[(3n-1)/2,(n-1)/2]-If[1==Mod[n,4],4Binomial[(3n-3)/4,(n-1)/4],0],-6Binomial[3n/2,n/2]]/(n+1))/8,{n,0,30}] (* Robert A. Russell, Jun 19 2025 *)

a(n) ~ 3^(3*n + 1/2) / (sqrt(Pi) * n^(5/2) * 2^(2*n + 4)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 13 2016
a(n) = A005034(n) - A369315(n) = (A005034(n) + A047749(n)) / 2 = A369315(n) + A047749(n). - Robert A. Russell, Jan 19 2024
G.f.: (3*G(z) - G(z)^2 + 6*G(z^2) + 5z*G(z^2)^2 + 2z*G(z^4)) / 8, where G(z)=1+z*G(z)^3 is the g.f. for A001764. - Robert A. Russell, Jun 19 2025

More terms from Sascha Kurz, Oct 13 2001

Name edited by Andrew Howroyd, Nov 20 2017

A216371 Odd primes with one coach: primes p such that A135303((p-1)/2) = 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 19, 23, 29, 37, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 79, 83, 101, 103, 107, 131, 139, 149, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 197, 199, 211, 227, 239, 263, 269, 271, 293, 311, 317, 347, 349, 359, 367, 373, 379, 383, 389, 419, 421, 443, 461, 463, 467, 479, 487

Offset: 1

Gary W. Adamson, Sep 05 2012

Given that prime p has only one coach, the corresponding value of k in A003558 must be (p-1)/2, and vice versa. Using the Coach theorem of Jean Pedersen et al., phi(b) = 2 * c * k, with b odd. Let b = p, prime. Then phi(p) = (p-1), and k must be (p-1)/2 iff c = 1. Or, phi(p) = (p-1) = 2 * 1 * (p-1)/2.
Conjecture relating to odd integers: iff an integer is in the set A216371 and is either of the form 4q - 1 or 4q + 1, (q>0); then the top row of its coach (cf. A003558) is composed of a permutation of the first q odd integers. Examples: 11 is of the form 4q - 1, q = 3; with the top row of its coach [1, 5, 3]. 13 is of the form 4q + 1, q = 3; so has a coach of [1, 3, 5]. 37 is of the form 4q + 1, q = 9; so has a coach with the top row composed of a permutation of the first 9 odd integers: [1, 9, 7, 15, 11, 13, 3, 17, 5]. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 08 2012
Odd primes p such that 2^m is not congruent to 1 or -1 (mod p) for 0 < m < (p-1)/2. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 15 2012
These are also the odd primes a(n) for which there is only one periodic Schick sequence (see the reference, and also the Brändli and Beyne link, eq. (2) for the recurrence but using various inputs. See also a comment in A332439). This sequence has primitive period length (named pes in Schick's book) A003558((a(n)-1)/2) = A005034(a(n)) = A000010(a(n))/2 = (a(n) - 1)/2, for n >= 1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 09 2020
From Jianing Song, Dec 24 2022: (Start)
Primes p such that the multiplicative order of 4 modulo p is (p-1)/2. Proof of equivalence: let ord(a,k) be the multiplicative of a modulo k.
If 2^m is not 1 or -1 (mod p) for 0 < m < (p-1)/2, then ord(2,p) is either p-1 or (p-1)/2. If ord(2,p) = p-1, then ord(4,p) = (p-1)/2. If ord(2,p) = (p-1)/2, then p == 3 (mod 4), otherwise 2^((p-1)/4) == -1 (mod p), so ord(4,p) = (p-1)/2.
Conversely, if ord(4,p) = (p-1)/2, then ord(2,p) = p-1, or ord(2,p) = (p-1)/2 and p == 3 (mod 4) (otherwise ord(4,p) = (p-1)/4). In the first case, (p-1)/2 is the smallest m > 0 such that 2^m == +-1 (mod p); in the second case, since (p-1)/2 is odd, 2^m == -1 (mod p) has no solution. In either case, so 2^m is not 1 or -1 (mod p) for 0 < m < (p-1)/2.
{(a(n)-1)/2} is the sequence of indices of fixed points of A053447.
A prime p is a term if and only if one of the two following conditions holds: (a) 2 is a primitive root modulo p; (b) p == 3 (mod 4), and the multiplicative order of 2 modulo p is (p-1)/2 (in this case, we have p == 7 (mod 8) since 2 is a quadratic residue modulo p). (End)
From Jianing Song, Aug 11 2023: (Start)
Primes p such that 2 or -2 (or both) is a primitive root modulo p. Proof of equivalence: if ord(2,p) = p-1, then clearly ord(4,p) = (p-1)/2. If ord(-2,p) = p-1, then we also have ord(4,p) = (p-1)/2. Conversely, suppose that ord(4,p) = (p-1)/2, then ord(2,p) = p-1 or (p-1)/2, and ord(-2,p) = p-1 or (p-1)/2. If ord(2,p) = ord(-2,p) = (p-1)/2, then we have that (p-1)/2 is odd and (-1)^((p-1)/2) == 1 (mod p), a contradiction.
A prime p is a term if and only if one of the two following conditions holds: (a) -2 is a primitive root modulo p; (b) p == 3 (mod 4), and the multiplicative order of -2 modulo p is (p-1)/2 (in this case, we have p == 3 (mod 8) since -2 is a quadratic residue modulo p). (End)
No terms are congruent to 1 modulo 8, since otherwise we would have 4^((p-1)/4) = (+-2)^((p-1)/2) == 1 (mod p). - Jianing Song, May 14 2024
The n-th prime A000040(n) is a term iff A376010(n) = 2. - Max Alekseyev, Sep 05 2024

			Prime 23 has a k value of 11 = (23 - 1)/2 (Cf. A003558(11)). It follows that 23 has only one coach (A135303(11) = 1). 23 is thus in the set. On the other hand 31 is not in the set since A135303(15) shows 3 coaches, with A003558(15) = 5.
13 is in the set since A135303(6) = 1; but 17 isn't since A135303(8) = 2.

P. Hilton and J. Pedersen, A Mathematical Tapestry, Demonstrating the Beautiful Unity of Mathematics, 2010, Cambridge University Press, pages 260-264.
Carl Schick, Trigonometrie und unterhaltsame Zahlentheorie, Bokos Druck, Zürich, 2003 (ISBN 3-9522917-0-6). Tables 3.1 to 3.10, for odd p = 3..113 (with gaps), pp. 158-166.

Charles R Greathouse IV, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 1000 terms from T. D. Noe)
Gerold Brändli and Tim Beyne, Modified Congruence Modulo n with Half the Amount of Residues, arXiv:1504.02757 [math.NT], 2016.
Marcelo E. Coniglio, Francesc Esteva, Tommaso Flaminio, and Lluis Godo, On the expressive power of Lukasiewicz's square operator, arXiv:2103.07548 [math.LO], 2021.

Union of A001122 and A105874.
A105876 is the subsequence of terms congruent to 3 modulo 4.
Complement of A268923 in the set of odd primes.
Cf. A082654 (order of 4 mod n-th prime), A000010, A000040, A003558, A005034, A053447, A054639, A135303, A364867, A376010.

isA216371 := proc(n)
    if isprime(n) then
        if A135303((n-1)/2) = 1 then
            true;
        else
            false;
        end if;
    else
        false;
    end if;
end proc:
A216371 := proc(n)
    local p;
    if n = 1 then
        3;
    else
        p := nextprime(procname(n-1)) ;
        while true do
            if isA216371(p) then
                return p;
            end if;
            p := nextprime(p) ;
        end do:
    end if;
end proc:
seq(A216371(n),n=1..40) ; # R. J. Mathar, Dec 01 2014

Suborder[a_, n_] := If[n > 1 && GCD[a, n] == 1, Min[MultiplicativeOrder[a, n, {-1, 1}]], 0]; nn = 150; Select[Prime[Range[2, nn]], EulerPhi[#]/(2*Suborder[2, #]) == 1 &] (* T. D. Noe, Sep 18 2012 *)
f[p_] := Sum[Cos[2^n Pi/((2 p + 1))], {n, p}]; 1 + 2 * Select[Range[500], Reduce[f[#] == -1/2, Rationals] &]; (* Gerry Martens, May 01 2016 *)

is(p)=for(m=1,p\2-1, if(abs(centerlift(Mod(2,p)^m))==1, return(0))); p>2 && isprime(p) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 18 2012

is(p) = isprime(p) && (p>2) && znorder(Mod(4,p)) == (p-1)/2 \\ Jianing Song, Dec 24 2022

a(n) = 2*A054639(n) + 1. - L. Edson Jeffery, Dec 18 2012

The polygon prior to dissection will have n*(k-2)+2 sides.
In the Harary, Palmer and Read reference these are the sequences called H.
T(n,k) is the number of oriented polyominoes containing n k-gonal tiles of the hyperbolic regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {k,oo}. Stereographic projections of several of these tilings on the Poincaré disk can be obtained via the Christensson link. For oriented polyominoes, chiral pairs are counted as two. T(n,2) could represent polyominoes of the Euclidean regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {2,oo}; T(n,2) = 1. - Robert A. Russell, Jan 21 2024

Also, with a different offset, number of colored quivers in the 3-mutation class of a quiver of Dynkin type A_n. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 22 2013

Number of oriented polyominoes composed of n pentagonal cells of the hyperbolic regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {5,oo}. A stereographic projection of this tiling on the Poincaré disk can be obtained via the Christensson link. For oriented polyominoes, chiral pairs are counted as two. - Robert A. Russell, Jan 23 2024

Also, number of nonequivalent dissections of a polygon into n+1 hexagons by nonintersecting diagonals up to rotation. - Andrew Howroyd, Nov 20 2017

Number of oriented polyominoes composed of n+1 hexagonal cells of the hyperbolic regular tiling with Schläfli symbol {6,oo}. A stereographic projection of this tiling on the Poincaré disk can be obtained via the Christensson link. For oriented polyominoes, chiral pairs are counted as two. - Robert A. Russell, Jan 23 2024

A stereographic projection of the {4,oo} tiling on the Poincaré disk can be obtained via the Christensson link. Each member of a chiral pair is a reflection but not a rotation of the other.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A001764 a(n) = binomial(3*n,n)/(2*n+1) (enumerates ternary trees and also noncrossing trees).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

GAP

Haskell

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

PARI

PARI

PARI

PARI

Python

Sage

Formula

A047749 If n = 2*m then a(n) = binomial(3*m, m)/(2*m+1), if n=2*m+1 then a(n) = binomial(3*m+1, m+1)/(2*m+1).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

PARI

PARI

Python

Sage

Sage

Formula

A001683 Number of one-sided triangulations of the disk; or flexagons of order n; or unlabeled plane trivalent trees (n-2 internal vertices, all of degree 3 and hence n leaves).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Formula

A005036 Number of nonequivalent dissections of a polygon into n quadrilaterals by nonintersecting diagonals up to rotation and reflection.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

Formula

Extensions

A216371 Odd primes with one coach: primes p such that A135303((p-1)/2) = 1.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

Mathematica

A001764 a(n) = binomial(3n,n)/(2n+1) (enumerates ternary trees and also noncrossing trees).

A047749 If n = 2m then a(n) = binomial(3m, m)/(2m+1), if n=2m+1 then a(n) = binomial(3m+1, m+1)/(2m+1).