A014915 -id:A014915 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000337 a(n) = (n-1)*2^n + 1.

0, 1, 5, 17, 49, 129, 321, 769, 1793, 4097, 9217, 20481, 45057, 98305, 212993, 458753, 983041, 2097153, 4456449, 9437185, 19922945, 41943041, 88080385, 184549377, 385875969, 805306369, 1677721601, 3489660929, 7247757313, 15032385537, 31138512897, 64424509441

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

a(n) also gives number of 0's in binary numbers 1 to 111..1 (n+1 bits). - Stephen G Penrice, Oct 01 2000
Numerator of m(n) = (m(n-1)+n)/2, m(0)=0. Denominator is A000079. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 23 2002
a(n) is the number of directed column-convex polyominoes of area n+2 having along the lower contour exactly one vertical step that is followed by a horizontal step (a reentrant corner). - Emeric Deutsch, May 21 2003
a(n) is the number of bits in binary numbers from 1 to 111...1 (n bits). Partial sums of A001787. - Emeric Deutsch, May 24 2003
Genus of graph of n-cube = a(n-3) = 1+(n-4)*2^(n-3), n>1.
Sum of ordered partitions of n where each element is summed via T(e-1). See A066185 for more information. - Jon Perry, Dec 12 2003
a(n-2) is the number of Dyck n-paths with exactly one peak at height >= 3. For example, there are 5 such paths with n=4: UUUUDDDD, UUDUUDDD, UUUDDUDD, UDUUUDDD, UUUDDDUD. - David Callan, Mar 23 2004
Permutations in S_{n+2} avoiding 12-3 that contain the pattern 13-2 exactly once.
a(n) is prime for n = 2, 3, 7, 27, 51, 55, 81. a(n) is semiprime for n = 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 19, 28, 32, 39, 57, 63, 66, 75, 97. - Jonathan Vos Post, Jul 18 2005
A member of the family of sequences defined by a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n} i*[c(1)*...*c(r)]^(i-1). This sequence has c(1)=2, A014915 has c(1)=3. - Ctibor O. Zizka, Feb 23 2008
Starting with 1 = row sums of A023758 as a triangle by rows: [1; 2,3; 4,6,7; 8,12,14,15; ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 18 2008
Equivalent formula given in Brehm: for each q >= 3 there exists a polyhedral map M_q of type {4, q} with [number of vertices] f_0 = 2^q and [genus] g = (2^(q-3))*(q-4) + 1 such that M_q and its dual have polyhedral embeddings in R^3 [McMullen et al.]. - Jonathan Vos Post, Jul 25 2009
Sums of rows of the triangle in A173787. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 28 2010
This sequence is related to A000079 by a(n) = n*A000079(n)-Sum_{i=0..n-1} A000079(i). - Bruno Berselli, Mar 06 2012
(1 + 5*x + 17*x^2 + 49*x^3 + ...) = (1 + 2*x + 4*x^2 + 8*x^3 + ...) * (1 + 3*x + 7*x^2 + 15*x^3 + ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 14 2012
The first barycentric coordinate of the centroid of Pascal triangles, assuming that numbers are weights, is A000295(n+1)/A000337(n), no matter what the triangle sides are. See attached figure. - César Eliud Lozada, Nov 14 2014
a(n) is the n-th number that is a sum of n positive n-th powers for n >= 1. a(4) = 49 = A003338(4). - Alois P. Heinz, Aug 01 2020
a(n) is the sum of the largest elements of all subsets of {1,2,..,n}. For example, a(3)=17; the subsets of {1,2,3} are {1}, {2}, {3}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {2,3}, {1,2,3}, and the sum of the largest elements is 17. - Enrique Navarrete, Aug 20 2020
a(n-1) is the sum of the second largest elements of the subsets of {1,2,..,n} that contain n. For example, for n = 4, a(3)=17; the subsets of {1,2,3,4} that contain 4 are {4}, {1,4}, {2,4}, {3,4}, {1,2,4}, {1,3,4}, {2,3,4}, {1,2,3,4}, and the sum of the second largest elements is 17. - Enrique Navarrete, Aug 24 2020
a(n-1) is also the sum of diameters of all subsets of {1,2,...,n} that contain n.  For example, for n = 4, a(3)=17; the subsets of {1,2,3,4} that contain 4 are {4}, {1,4}, {2,4}, {3,4}, {1,2,4}, {1,3,4}, {2,3,4}, {1,2,3,4}; the diameters of these sets are 0,3,2,1,3,3,2,3 and the sum is 17. - Enrique Navarrete, Sep 07 2020
a(n-1) is also the number of additions required to compute the permanent of general n X n matrices using trellis methods (see Theorems 5 and 6, pp. 10-11 in Kiah et al.). - Stefano Spezia, Nov 02 2021

F. Harary, Topological concepts in graph theory, pp. 13-17 of F. Harary and L. Beineke, editors, A seminar on Graph Theory, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1967.
V. G. Gutierrez and S. L. de Medrano, Surfaces as complete intersections, in Riemann and Klein Surfaces, Automorphisms, Symmetries and Moduli Spaces, edited by Milagros Izquierdo, S. Allen Broughton, Antonio F. Costa, Contemp. Math. vol. 629, 2014, pp. 171-.
F. Harary, Graph Theory. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1969, p. 119.
G. H. Hardy, A Theorem Concerning the Infinite Cardinal Numbers, Quart. J. Math., 35 (1904), p. 90 = Collected Papers of G. H. Hardy, Vol. VII, p. 430.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000 (first 301 terms from T. D. Noe)
Dillan Agrawal, Selena Ge, Jate Greene, Tanya Khovanova, Dohun Kim, Rajarshi Mandal, Tanish Parida, Anirudh Pulugurtha, Gordon Redwine, Soham Samanta, and Albert Xu, Chip-Firing on Infinite k-ary Trees, arXiv:2501.06675 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 14.
H. H. Bauschke and R. M. Corless, Analyzing a Projection Method with Maple, MapleTech Journal, 4:1 (1997), 2-7.
L. W. Beineke and F. Harary, The genus of the n-cube, Canad. J. Math., 17 (1965), 494-496.
Ulrich Brehm and Egon Schulte, Polyhedral Maps. [_Jonathan Vos Post_, Jul 25 2009]
Harry Crane, Left-right arrangements, set partitions, and pattern avoidance, Australasian Journal of Combinatorics, 61(1) (2015), 57-72.
Pedro Fernando Fernández Espinosa and Agustín Moreno Cañadas, Homological Ideals as Integer Specializations of Some Brauer Configuration Algebras, arXiv:2104.00050 [math.RT], 2021.
Ricardo Gómez Aíza, Trees with flowers: A catalog of integer partition and integer composition trees with their asymptotic analysis, arXiv:2402.16111 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 23.
R. K. Guy, Catwalks, sandsteps and Pascal pyramids, J. Integer Sequences, Vol. 3 (2000), Article #00.1.6.
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, The zeta function of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a two-dimensional torus, arXiv:1505.07229v3 [math.AG], 2015. [A later version of this paper has a different title and different contents, and the number-theoretical part of the paper was moved to the publication below.]
Christian Kassel and Christophe Reutenauer, Complete determination of the zeta function of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a two-dimensional torus, arXiv:1610.07793 [math.NT], 2016.
Han Mao Kiah, Alexander Vardy, and Hanwen Yao, Computing Permanents on a Trellis, arXiv:2107.07377 [cs.IT], 2021.
S. Kitaev, J. Remmel, and M. Tiefenbruck, Marked mesh patterns in 132-avoiding permutations I, arXiv preprint arXiv:1201.6243 [math.CO], 2012.
Sergey Kitaev, Jeffrey Remmel, and Mark Tiefenbruck, Quadrant Marked Mesh Patterns in 132-Avoiding Permutations II, Electronic Journal of Combinatorial Number Theory, Volume 15 2015, #A16. (arXiv, arXiv:1302.2274 [math.CO], 2013)
Santiago López de Medrano, On the genera of moment-angle manifolds associated to dual-neighborly polytopes, combinatorial formulas and sequences, arXiv:2003.07508 [math.GT], 2020.
César Eliud Lozada, Centroids of Pascal triangles
P. McMullen, Ch. Schulz and J.M. Wills, Polyhedral manifolds in E^3 with unusually large genus, Israel J. Math. 46:127-144, 1983. [From _Jonathan Vos Post_, Jul 25 2009]
Toufik Mansour, Restricted permutations by patterns of type (2,1), arXiv:math/0202219 [math.CO], 2002.
Michael Penn, An awesome number theory contest problem, YouTube video, 2022.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Len Smiley, Hardy's algorithm.
Nsibiet E. Udo, Praise Adeyemo, Balazs Szendroi, and Stavros Argyrios Papadakis, Ideals, representations and a symmetrised Bernoulli triangle, arXiv:2409.10278 [math.AC], 2024. See pp. 2,4,8.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Graph Genus.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hypercube Graph.
A. F. Y. Zhao, Pattern Popularity in Multiply Restricted Permutations, Journal of Integer Sequences, 17 (2014), #14.10.3.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,-8,4).

a(n) = T(3, n), array T given by A048472. A036799/2.
Cf. A001787, A066185, A077436, A023758, A014915.
Cf. A000079, A209359.
Cf. A000295, A008292.
Cf. A003338.
Main diagonal of A336725.

List([0..30],n->(n-1)*2^n+1); # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 24 2018

[(n-1)*2^n + 1: n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 21 2014

A000337 := proc(n) 1+(n-1)*2^n ; end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Oct 10 2011

Table[Sum[(-1)^(n - k) k (-1)^(n - k) Binomial[n + 1, k + 1], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 28}] (* Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 08 2009 *)
Table[(n - 1) 2^n + 1, {n, 0, 40}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 21 2011 *)
LinearRecurrence[{5, -8, 4}, {0, 1, 5}, 40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 21 2011 *)
CoefficientList[Series[x / ((1 - x) (1 - 2 x)^2), {x, 0, 50}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 21 2014 *)

PARI
```
a(n)=if(n<0,0,(n-1)*2^n+1)
```

a=lambda n:((n-1)<<(n))+1 # Indranil Ghosh, Jan 05 2017

Binomial transform of A004273. Binomial transform of A008574 if the leading zero is dropped.
G.f.: x/((1-x)*(1-2*x)^2). - Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
E.g.f.: exp(x) - exp(2*x)*(1-2*x). a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 4*a(n-2)+1, n>0. Series reversion of g.f. A(x) is x*A034015(-x). - Michael Somos
Binomial transform of n/(n+1) is a(n)/(n+1). - Paul Barry, Aug 19 2005
a(n) = A119258(n+1,n-1) for n>0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 11 2006
Convolution of "Number of fixed points in all 231-avoiding involutions in S_n" (A059570) with "The odd numbers" (A005408), treating the result as if offset=0. - Graeme McRae, Jul 12 2006
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} k*2^(k-1), partial sums of A001787. - Zerinvary Lajos, Oct 19 2006
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 8*a(n-2) + 4*a(n-3), n > 2. - Harvey P. Dale, Jun 21 2011
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} Sum_{i=1..n} i * C(k,i). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Sep 19 2017
a(n) = A000295(n+1)^2 - A000295(n)*A000295(n+2). - Gregory Gerard Wojnar, Oct 23 2018

A000340 a(0)=1, a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + n + 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 18, 58, 179, 543, 1636, 4916, 14757, 44281, 132854, 398574, 1195735, 3587219, 10761672, 32285032, 96855113, 290565357, 871696090, 2615088290, 7845264891, 23535794695, 70607384108, 211822152348, 635466457069

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

From Johannes W. Meijer, Feb 20 2009: (Start)
Second right hand column (n-m=1) of the A156920 triangle.
The generating function of this sequence enabled the analysis of the polynomials A156921 and A156925.
(End)
Partial sums of A003462, and thus the second partial sums of A000244 (3^n). Also column k=2 of A106516. - John Keith, Jan 04 2022

			G.f. = 1 + 5*x + 18*x^2 + 58*x^3 + 179*x^4 + 543*x^5 + 1636*x^6 + ...

F. N. David, M. G. Kendall and D. E. Barton, Symmetric Function and Allied Tables, Cambridge, 1966, p. 260.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Dillan Agrawal, Selena Ge, Jate Greene, Tanya Khovanova, Dohun Kim, Rajarshi Mandal, Tanish Parida, Anirudh Pulugurtha, Gordon Redwine, Soham Samanta, and Albert Xu, Chip-Firing on Infinite k-ary Trees, arXiv:2501.06675 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 9, 18.
Shaoshi Chen, Hanqian Fang, Sergey Kitaev, and Candice X.T. Zhang, Patterns in Multi-dimensional Permutations, arXiv:2411.02897 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 7.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 389
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
László Tóth, On Schizophrenic Patterns in b-ary Expansions of Some Irrational Numbers, arXiv:2002.06584 [math.NT], 2020. Mentions this sequence. See also Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 148 (2020), 461-469.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,-7,3).

From Johannes W. Meijer, Feb 20 2009: (Start)
Cf. A156921, A156925, A156927, A156933. Other columns A156922, A156923, A156924.
Equals A156920 second right hand column.
Equals A142963 second right hand column divided by 2^n.
Equals A156919 second right hand column divided by 2.
(End)
Cf. A014915.
Equals column k=1 of A008971 (shifted). - Jeremy Dover, Jul 11 2021
Cf. A000340, A003462 (first differences), A106516.

[(3^(n+2)-2*n-5)/4: n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 15 2011

a[ -1]:=0:a[0]:=1:for n from 1 to 50 do a[n]:=4*a[n-1]-3*a[n-2]+1 od: seq(a[n],n=0..50); # Miklos Kristof, Mar 09 2005
A000340:=-1/(3*z-1)/(z-1)**2; # conjectured by Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation

a[ n_] := MatrixPower[ {{1, 0, 0}, {1, 1, 0}, {1, 1, 3}}, n + 1][[3, 1]]; (* Michael Somos, May 28 2014 *)
RecurrenceTable[{a[0]==1,a[n]==3a[n-1]+n+1},a,{n,30}] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{5,-7,3},{1,5,18},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 31 2017 *)

G.f.: 1/((1-3*x)*(1-x)^2).
a(n) = (3^(n+2) - 2*n - 5)/4.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n+1} (n-k+1)*3^k = Sum_{k=0..n+1} k*3^(n-k+1). - Paul Barry, Jul 30 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n+2, k+2)*2^k. - Paul Barry, Jul 30 2004
a(-1)=0, a(0)=1, a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + 1. - Miklos Kristof, Mar 09 2005
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 7*a(n-2) + 3*a(n-3). - Johannes W. Meijer, Feb 20 2009
a(-2 - n) = 3^-n * A014915(n). - Michael Somos, May 28 2014
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(9*exp(2*x) - 2*x - 5)/4. - Stefano Spezia, Nov 09 2024

A193842 Triangular array: the fission of the polynomial sequence ((x+1)^n: n >= 0) by the polynomial sequence ((x+2)^n: n >= 0). (Fission is defined at Comments.)

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 1, 7, 13, 1, 10, 34, 40, 1, 13, 64, 142, 121, 1, 16, 103, 334, 547, 364, 1, 19, 151, 643, 1549, 2005, 1093, 1, 22, 208, 1096, 3478, 6652, 7108, 3280, 1, 25, 274, 1720, 6766, 17086, 27064, 24604, 9841, 1, 28, 349, 2542, 11926, 37384, 78322, 105796

Offset: 0

Clark Kimberling, Aug 07 2011

Suppose that p = p(n)*x^n + p(n-1)*x^(n-1) + ... + p(1)*x + p(0) is a polynomial and that Q is a sequence of polynomials:
...
q(k,x) = t(k,0)*x^k + t(k,1)*x^(k-1) + ... + t(k,k-1)*x + t(k,k),
...
for k = 0, 1, 2, ...  The Q-downstep of p is the polynomial given by
...
D(p) = p(n)*q(n-1,x) + p(n-1)*q(n-2,x) + ... + p(1)*q(0,x). (Note that p(0) does not appear. "Q-downstep" as just defined differs slightly from "Q-downstep" as defined for a different purpose at A193649.)
...
Now suppose that P = (p(n,x): n >= 0) and Q = (q(n,x): n >= 0) are sequences of polynomials, where n indicates degree.  The fission of P by Q, denoted by P^^Q, is introduced here as the sequence W = (w(n,x): n >= 0) of polynomials defined by w(0,x) = 1 and w(n,x) = D(p(n+1,x)).
...
Strictly speaking, ^^ is an operation on sequences of polynomials.  However, if P and Q are regarded as numerical triangles (of coefficients of polynomials), then ^^ can be regarded as an operation on numerical triangles.  In this case, row n of P^^Q, for n > 0, is given by the matrix product P(n+1)*QQ(n), where P(n+1) =(p(n+1,n+1), p(n+1,n), ..., p(n+1,2), p(n+1,1)) and QQ(n) is the (n+1)-by-(n+1) matrix given by
...
q(n,0) .. q(n,1)............. q(n,n-1) .... q(n,n)
0 ....... q(n-1,0)........... q(n-1,n-2)... q(n-1,n-1)
0 ....... 0.................. q(n-2,n-3) .. q(n-2,n-2)
...
0 ....... 0.................. q(1,0) ...... q(1,1)
0 ....... 0 ................. 0 ........... q(0,0).
Here, the polynomial q(k,x) is taken to be
q(k,0)*x^k + q(k,1)x^(k-1) + ... + q(k,k)*x + q(k,k);
i.e., "q" is used instead of "t".
...
Example:  Let p(n,x) = (x+1)^n and q(n,x) = (x+2)^n.  Then
...
w(0,x) = 1 by the definition of W,
w(1,x) = D(p(2,x)) = 1*(x+2) + 2*1 = x + 4,
w(2,x) = D(p(3,x)) = 1*(x^2+4*x+4) + 3*(x+2) + 3*1 = x^2 + 7*x + 13,
w(3,x) = D(p(4,x)) = 1*(x^3+6*x^2+12*x+8) + 4*(x^2+4x+4) + 6*(x+2) + 4*1 = x^3 + 10*x^2 + 34*x + 40.
...
From these first 4 polynomials in the sequence P^^Q, we can write the first 4 rows of P^^Q when P, Q, and P^^Q are regarded as triangles:
1
1...4
1...7....13
1...10...34...40
...
In the following examples, r(P^^Q) is the mirror of P^^Q, obtained by reversing the rows of P^^Q.  Let u denote the polynomial x^n + x^(n-1) + ... + x + 1.
...
..P........Q...........P^^Q........r(P^^Q)
(x+1)^n....(x+2)^n.....A193842.....A193843
(x+1)^n....(x+1)^n.....A193844.....A193845
(x+2)^n....(x+1)^n.....A193846.....A193847
(2x+1)^n...(x+1)^n.....A193856.....A193857
(x+1)^n....(2x+1)^n....A193858.....A193859
(x+1)^n.......u........A054143.....A104709
..u........(x+1)^n.....A074909.....A074909
..u...........u........A002260.....A004736
(x+2)^n.......u........A193850.....A193851
..u.........(x+2)^n....A193844.....A193845
(2x+1)^n......u........A193860.....A193861
..u.........(2x+1)^n...A115068.....A193862
...
Regarding A193842,
col 1 ...... A000012
col 2 ...... A016777
col 3 ...... A081271
w(n,n) ..... A003462
w(n,n-1) ... A014915

			First six rows, for 0 <= k <= n and 0 <= n <= 5:
  1
  1...4
  1...7....13
  1...10...34....40
  1...13...64....142...121
  1...16...103...334...547...364

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 0..100 of triangle, flattened
Digital Library of Mathematical Functions, Hypergeometric function, analytic properties.
Clark Kimberling, Fusion, Fission, and Factors, Fib. Q., 52(3) (2014), 195-202.

Cf. A193722 (fusion of P by Q), A193649 (Q-residue), A193843 (mirror of A193842).

[ (&+[3^(k-j)*Binomial(n-j,k-j): j in [0..k]]): k in [0..n], n in [0..10]]; // G. C. Greubel, Feb 18 2020

fission := proc(p, q, n) local d, k;
p(n+1,0)*q(n,x)+add(coeff(p(n+1,x),x^k)*q(n-k,x), k=1..n);
seq(coeff(%,x,n-k), k=0..n) end:
A193842_row := n -> fission((n,x) -> (x+1)^n, (n,x) -> (x+2)^n, n);
for n from 0 to 5 do A193842_row(n) od; # Peter Luschny, Jul 23 2014
# Alternatively:
p := (n,x) -> add(x^k*(1+3*x)^(n-k),k=0..n): for n from 0 to 7 do [n], PolynomialTools:-CoefficientList(p(n,x), x) od; # Peter Luschny, Jun 18 2017

(* First program *)
z = 10;
p[n_, x_] := (x + 1)^n;
q[n_, x_] := (x + 2)^n
p1[n_, k_] := Coefficient[p[n, x], x^k];
p1[n_, 0] := p[n, x] /. x -> 0;
d[n_, x_] := Sum[p1[n, k]*q[n - 1 - k, x], {k, 0, n - 1}]
h[n_] := CoefficientList[d[n, x], {x}]
TableForm[Table[Reverse[h[n]], {n, 0, z}]]
Flatten[Table[Reverse[h[n]], {n, -1, z}]]  (* A193842 *)
TableForm[Table[h[n], {n, 0, z}]]  (* A193843 *)
Flatten[Table[h[n], {n, -1, z}]]
(* Second program *)
Table[SeriesCoefficient[((x+3)^(n+1) -1)/(x+2), {x,0,n-k}], {n,0,10}, {k,0,n}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Feb 18 2020 *)

T(n,k) = sum(j=0,k, 3^(k-j)*binomial(n-j,k-j)); \\ G. C. Greubel, Feb 18 2020

from mpmath import mp, hyp2f1
mp.dps = 100; mp.pretty = True
def T(n,k):
    return 3^k*binomial(n,k)*hyp2f1(1,-k,-n,1/3)-0^(n-k)//2
for n in range(7):
    print([int(T(n,k)) for k in (0..n)]) # Peter Luschny, Jul 23 2014

# Second program using the 'fission' operation.
def fission(p, q, n):
    F = p(n+1,0)*q(n,x)+add(expand(p(n+1,x)).coefficient(x,k)*q(n-k,x) for k in (1..n))
    return [expand(F).coefficient(x,n-k) for k in (0..n)]
A193842_row = lambda k: fission(lambda n,x: (x+1)^n, lambda n,x: (x+2)^n, k)
for n in range(7): A193842_row(n) # Peter Luschny, Jul 23 2014

From Peter Bala, Jul 16 2013: (Start)
T(n,k) = Sum_{i = 0..k} 3^(k-i)*binomial(n-i,k-i).
O.g.f.: 1/((1 - x*t)*(1 - (1 + 3*x)*t)) = 1 + (1 + 4*x)*t + (1 + 7*x + 13*x^2)*t^2 + ....
The n-th row polynomial is R(n,x) = (1/(2*x + 1))*((3*x + 1)^(n+1) - x^(n+1)). (End)
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + 4*T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k-1) - 3*T(n-2,k-2), T(0,0) = 1, T(1,0) = 1, T(1,1) = 4, T(n,k) = 0 if k < 0 or if k > n. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 17 2014
T(n,k) = 3^k * C(n,k) * hyp2F1(1, -k, -n, 1/3) with or without the additional term -0^(n-k)/2 depending on the exact definition of the hypergeometric function used. Compare formulas 15.2.5 and 15.2.6 in the DLMF reference. - Peter Luschny, Jul 23 2014

Name and Comments edited by Petros Hadjicostas, Jun 05 2020

A064017 Number of ternary trees (A001764) with n nodes and maximal diameter.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 12, 45, 162, 567, 1944, 6561, 21870, 72171, 236196, 767637, 2480058, 7971615, 25509168, 81310473, 258280326, 817887699, 2582803260, 8135830269, 25569752274, 80196041223, 251048476872, 784526490225, 2447722649502

Offset: 1

Danail Bonchev (bonchevd(AT)aol.com), Sep 07 2001

A problem important for polymer science because it counts the trees having unbranched branches; they are called "combs".
Equals (1, 3, 9, 27, 81, ...) convolved with (1, 0, 3, 9, 27, 81, ...). Example: a(5) = 162 = (81, 27, 9, 3, 1) dot (1, 0, 3, 9, 27) = 81 + 3*27. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 31 2010
Floretion Algebra Multiplication Program, FAMP Code: lesforseq[ - 'i + 'j - 'kk' - 'ki' - 'kj' ], vesforseq(n) = 3^n, tesforseq = A006234

			a(5) = 162 because we can write (5+1)*3^(5-2) = 6*3^3 = 6*27.

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..200
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (6,-9).

Cf. A001764, A006234, A014915, A025192, A027261, A079272, A196389.

a:=n->ceil(sum(3^(n-2),j=0..n)): seq(a(n), n=1..26); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 05 2008

Join[{1},Table[(n+1)3^(n-2),{n,2,30}]] (* or *) Join[{1}, LinearRecurrence[ {6,-9},{3,12},30]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 07 2012 *)

{ for (n=1, 200, if (n>1, a=(n + 1)*p; p*=3, a=p=1); write("b064017.txt", n, " ", a) ) } \\ Harry J. Smith, Sep 06 2009

a(n)=if(n==1, 1, (n+1)*3^(n-2)); \\ Joerg Arndt, May 06 2013

@CachedFunction
def BB(n, k, x):  # modified cardinal B-splines
    if n == 1: return 0 if (x < 0) or (x >= k) else 1
    return x*BB(n-1, k, x) + (n*k-x)*BB(n-1, k, x-k)
def EulerianPolynomial(n, k, x):
    if n == 0: return 1
    return add(BB(n+1, k, k*m+1)*x^m for m in (0..n))
def A064017(n) : return 3^(n-1)*EulerianPolynomial(1,n-1,1/3) if n != 1 else 1
[A064017(n) for n in (1..25)]  # Peter Luschny, May 04 2013

a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 3^(n-2).
a(n) = (n+1)*3^(n-2), for n > 1.
From Paul Barry, Sep 05 2003: (Start)
a(n) = (n+2)3^(n-1) + 0^n/3 (offset 0).
a(n) = A025192(n) + A027471(n). (End)
A006234(n+4) - a(n+2) = 3^n. - Creighton Dement, Mar 01 2005
a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} A196389(n,k)*3^k. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 31 2011
G.f.: (1 - 3*x + 3*x^2)*x/(1 - 3*x)^2. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 31 2011
a(n) = 6*a(n-1) - 9*a(n-2), with a(1)=1, a(2)=3, a(3)=12. - Harvey P. Dale, Feb 07 2012
E.g.f.: (exp(3*x)*(1 + 3*x) - 1)/9. - Stefano Spezia, Mar 05 2020
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 18 2021: (Start)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 27*log(3/2) - 19/2.
Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 17/2 - 27*log(4/3). (End)

A027261 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..2n} (k+1) * A025177(n, k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 18, 72, 270, 972, 3402, 11664, 39366, 131220, 433026, 1417176, 4605822, 14880348, 47829690, 153055008, 487862838, 1549681956, 4907326194, 15496819560, 48814981614, 153418513644, 481176247338, 1506290861232, 4707158941350, 14686335897012, 45753584909922

Offset: 0

Clark Kimberling

nonn

Cf. A014915, A064017, A079272.

Cf. A006234.

a(n) = 2(n+1)*3^(n-1), for n>1 (conjectured). - Ralf Stephan, Feb 02 2004
From Colin Barker, Jul 28 2012: (Start)
Conjecture: a(n) = 6*a(n-1)-9*a(n-2), for n>3.
G.f.: (1-9*x^2+18*x^3)/(1-3*x)^2. (End)

a(1) corrected and more terms from Sean A. Irvine, Oct 26 2019

A014917 a(1)=1, a(n) = n*5^(n-1) + a(n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 11, 86, 586, 3711, 22461, 131836, 756836, 4272461, 23803711, 131225586, 717163086, 3890991211, 20980834961, 112533569336, 600814819336, 3194808959961, 16927719116211, 89406967163086, 470876693725586, 2473592758178711, 12964010238647461, 67800283432006836, 353902578353881836

Offset: 1

Olivier Gérard

From Gary Detlefs, Aug 31 2021 (Start)
This is the x=5 member of the x-family of sequences with member a(x, n) = x^n*Sum_{k=1..n} S(x, k), with S(x, k) = Sum_{j=1..k} 1/x^j.
S(x, k) = (x^k - 1)/((x-1)*x^k) = (1/x^k)*Sum_{j=0..k-1} x^j, and a(x,n) = ((n*(x-1) - 1)*x^n + 1)/(x-1)^2.
The sequence {x^k*S(x, k)} with recurrence signature (x+1, -x) leads to sequence {a(x, n)} with recurrence signature (2*x+1, -x*(x+2), x^2). (End) [Rewritten by Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 30 2021]

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Dillan Agrawal, Selena Ge, Jate Greene, Tanya Khovanova, Dohun Kim, Rajarshi Mandal, Tanish Parida, Anirudh Pulugurtha, Gordon Redwine, Soham Samanta, and Albert Xu, Chip-Firing on Infinite k-ary Trees, arXiv:2501.06675 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 16.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (11,-35,25).

Cf. A000351, A003463, A014915, A014916, A014917, A014918, A014920, A014921, A014923.

I:=[1, 11]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 10*Self(n-1)-25*Self(n-2)+ 1: n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 23 2012

CoefficientList[Series[1/((1 - x)(1 - 5 x)^2), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 23 2012 *)
LinearRecurrence[{11,-35,25},{1,11,86},20] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 06 2013 *)

From Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 23 2012: (Start)
a(n) = 10*a(n-1) - 25*a(n-2) + 1; a(1)=1, a(2)=11.
G.f.: x/((1-x)*(1-5*x)^2). (End)
a(n) = 11*a(n-1) - 35*a(n-2) + 25*a(n-3); a(1)=1, a(2)=11, a(3)=86. - Harvey P. Dale, May 06 2013
a(n) = 5^n*Sum_{k=1..n} (Sum_{j=1..k} 1/x^j) = ((4*n - 1)*5^n + 1)/4^2. See the general comment above, and the first formula. - Gary Detlefs, Aug 31 2021 [Edited by Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 30 2021]
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(1 + exp(4*x)*(20*x - 1))/16. - Elmo R. Oliveira, May 24 2025

A059045 Square array T(n,k) read by antidiagonals where T(0,k) = 0 and T(n,k) = 1 + 2k + 3k^2 + ... + n*k^(n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 1, 6, 5, 1, 0, 1, 10, 17, 7, 1, 0, 1, 15, 49, 34, 9, 1, 0, 1, 21, 129, 142, 57, 11, 1, 0, 1, 28, 321, 547, 313, 86, 13, 1, 0, 1, 36, 769, 2005, 1593, 586, 121, 15, 1, 0, 1, 45, 1793, 7108, 7737, 3711, 985, 162, 17, 1, 0, 1, 55, 4097, 24604, 36409

Offset: 0

Henry Bottomley, Dec 18 2000

			   0,   0,   0,    0,     0,      0,      0,      0,       0, ...
   1,   1,   1,    1,     1,      1,      1,      1,       1, ...
   1,   3,   5,    7,     9,     11,     13,     15,      17, ...
   1,   6,  17,   34,    57,     86,    121,    162,     209, ...
   1,  10,  49,  142,   313,    586,    985,   1534,    2257, ...
   1,  15, 129,  547,  1593,   3711,   7465,  13539,   22737, ...
   1,  21, 321, 2005,  7737,  22461,  54121, 114381,  219345, ...
   1,  28, 769, 7108, 36409, 131836, 380713, 937924, 2054353, ...

Cf. A000004, A000012, A005408, A056109, A056578, A056579 (rows 1-6).

Cf. A057427, A000217, A000337, A014915, A014916, A014917, A014918, A014920 (columns 1-7).

A059045 := proc(n,k)
    if k = 1 then
        n*(n+1) /2 ;
    else
        (1+n*k^(n+1)-k^n*(n+1))/(k-1)^2 ;
    end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Mar 29 2013

T(n,k) = n*k^(n-1)+T(n-1, k) = (n*k^(n+1)-(n+1)*k^n+1)/(k-1)^2.

A079272 a(n) = ((2n+1)*3^n - 1)/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 22, 94, 364, 1336, 4738, 16402, 55768, 186988, 620014, 2037190, 6643012, 21523360, 69353050, 222408058, 710270896, 2259952852, 7167279046, 22664098606, 71479080220, 224897593864, 706073841202, 2212364702434, 6919523643784, 21605859540796, 67359444450718

Offset: 1

Lekraj Beedassy, Feb 06 2003

Sequence corresponds to the maximum chain length of a variant of the classical puzzle whereby, under agreed terms, a ringed golden chain asset of a(n) links, when judiciously fragmented into n opened links (through n cuts) and n pieces of lengths (2n+1), (2n+1)*3, (2n+1)*3^2, ..., (2n+1)*3^(n-1), may be used to sequentially settle for payment equivalent up to a(n)-link cost, a link-cost at a time, with swapping allowed with identical fragments owned by the creditor.

a(n) = the difference of the sum of the terms in row(n) and row(n-1) in a triangle with first column T(n-1,0) = n-1 and T(i,j) = T(i-1,j-1) + T(i,j-1) + T(i+1,j-1). - J. M. Bergot, Jul 05 2018

			For instance, the 4 fragmented chains of original length a(4) = 364 into
.
   1 +  9  + 1
   +         +
  243       27
   +         +
   1 +  81 + 1
.
when swapped with identical fragments owned by the creditor, enable the sequential payment, a link-cost at a time, for an expense up to 364 link-costs.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (7,-15,9).

Cf. A014915, A016777, A027261, A064017.

[((2*n+1)*3^n - 1)/2: n in [1..25]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 07 2018

a:=n->sum (3^j*n^binomial(j,n),j=0..n): seq(a(n),n=1..25); # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 18 2009

Rest@ CoefficientList[Series[2x(2-3x)/((1-x)(1-3x)^2), {x, 0, 25}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jul 06 2018 *)

vector(25, n, ((2*n+1)*3^n - 1)/2) \\ G. C. Greubel, Apr 14 2019

[((2*n+1)*3^n - 1)/2 for n in (1..25)] # G. C. Greubel, Apr 14 2019

From Colin Barker, Jul 28 2012: (Start)
a(n) = 7*a(n-1) - 15*a(n-2) + 9*a(n-3).
G.f.: 2*x*(2-3*x)/((1-x)*(1-3*x)^2). (End)
a(n) = f^n(n) with f(x) = 3*x+1 = A016777(x). - Glen Gilchrist, Apr 10 2019
E.g.f.: ((1+3*x)*sinh(x) + 3*x*cosh(x))*exp(2*x). - G. C. Greubel, Apr 14 2019

More terms from Michel ten Voorde, Jun 20 2003

A212337 Expansion of 1/(1-4x+3x^2)^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 42, 184, 731, 2736, 9844, 34448, 118101, 398584, 1328606, 4384392, 14348911, 46633952, 150663528, 484275616, 1549681961, 4939611240, 15690529810, 49686677720, 156905298051, 494251688848, 1553362450652, 4871909504304, 15251194969981, 47659984281176

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, May 09 2012

Partial sums of A014915. - Bruno Berselli, Oct 26 2012

Convolution of A003462(n+1) with itself. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 07 2014

			a(0) = 1*1 = 1;
a(1) = 1*4 + 4*1 = 8;
a(2) = 1*13 + 4*4 + 13*1 = 42;
a(3) = 1*40 + 4*13 + 13*4 + 40*1 = 184;
a(4) = 1*121 + 4*40 + 13*13 + 40*4 + 121*1 = 731; etc. - _Philippe Deléham_, Mar 07 2014

Bruno Berselli, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Dillan Agrawal, Selena Ge, Jate Greene, Tanya Khovanova, Dohun Kim, Rajarshi Mandal, Tanish Parida, Anirudh Pulugurtha, Gordon Redwine, Soham Samanta, and Albert Xu, Chip-Firing on Infinite k-ary Trees, arXiv:2501.06675 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 14.
Jean-Luc Baril, Pamela E. Harris, and José L. Ramírez, Flattened Catalan Words, arXiv:2405.05357 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 16.
Sergey Kitaev, Jeffrey Remmel, and Mark Tiefenbruck, Marked mesh patterns in 132-avoiding permutations I, arXiv:1201.6243v1 [math.CO], 2012. See (16).
Sergey Kitaev, Jeffrey Remmel, and Mark Tiefenbruck, Quadrant Marked Mesh Patterns in 132-Avoiding Permutations II, Electronic Journal of Combinatorial Number Theory, Volume 15 #A16. (arXiv:1302.2274)
Mark Shattuck, Enumeration of consecutive patterns in flattened Catalan words, arXiv:2502.10661 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 3, 20.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (8,-22,24,-9).

Cf. A003462, A014915.

m:=26; R:=PowerSeriesRing(Integers(), m); Coefficients(R!(1/((1-x)^2*(1-3*x)^2))); // Bruno Berselli, May 11 2012

Table[1 + n ((1 + 9 3^n)/4), {n, 0, 25}] (* Bruno Berselli, May 11 2012 *)
CoefficientList[Series[1/(1-4x+3x^2)^2,{x,0,30}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {8,-22,24,-9},{1,8,42,184},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 14 2020 *)

Vec(1/(1-4*x+3*x^2)^2 + O(x^100)) \\ Altug Alkan, Nov 01 2015

From Bruno Berselli, May 11 2012: (Start)
G.f.: 1/((1-x)^2*(1-3*x)^2).
a(n) = 1+n*(1+9*3^n)/4. (End)
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(4 + x + 27*exp(2*x)*x)/4. - Stefano Spezia, May 14 2024

cp's OEIS Frontend

A000337 a(n) = (n-1)*2^n + 1.

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A000340 a(0)=1, a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + n + 1.

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A193842 Triangular array: the fission of the polynomial sequence ((x+1)^n: n >= 0) by the polynomial sequence ((x+2)^n: n >= 0). (Fission is defined at Comments.)

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A064017 Number of ternary trees (A001764) with n nodes and maximal diameter.

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A027261 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..2n} (k+1) * A025177(n, k).

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A014917 a(1)=1, a(n) = n*5^(n-1) + a(n-1).

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A212337 Expansion of 1/(1-4x+3x^2)^2.