A057078 -id:A057078 - cp's OEIS frontend

A030528 Triangle read by rows: a(n,k) = binomial(k,n-k).

1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 3, 4, 1, 0, 0, 1, 6, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 10, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 10, 15, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 20, 21, 8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 15, 35, 28, 9, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 35, 56, 36, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 21, 70, 84, 45, 11, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 56, 126, 120, 55, 12, 1

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang

A convolution triangle of numbers obtained from A019590.
a(n,m) := s1(-1; n,m), a member of a sequence of triangles including s1(0; n,m)= A023531(n,m) (unit matrix) and s1(2; n,m)= A007318(n-1,m-1) (Pascal's triangle).
The signed triangular matrix a(n,m)*(-1)^(n-m) is the inverse matrix of the triangular Catalan convolution matrix A033184(n+1,m+1), n >= m >= 0, with A033184(n,m) := 0 if nRiordan array (1+x, x(1+x)). The signed triangle is the Riordan array (1-x,x(1-x)), inverse to (c(x),xc(x)) with c(x) g.f. for A000108. - Paul Barry, Feb 02 2005 [with offset 0]
Also, a(n,k)=number of compositions of n into k parts of 1's and 2's. Example: a(6,4)=6 because we have 2211, 2121, 2112, 1221, 1212 and 1122. - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 05 2005 [see MacMahon and Riordan. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 27 2023]
Subtriangle of A026729. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 31 2006
a(n,k) is the number of length n-1 binary sequences having no two consecutive 0's with exactly k-1 1's. Example: a(6,4)=6 because we have 01011, 01101, 01110, 10101, 10110, 11010. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 22 2013
Mirrored, shifted Fibonacci polynomials of A011973. The polynomials (illustrated below) of this entry have the property that p(n,t) = t * [p(n-1,t) + p(n-2,t)]. The additive properties of Pascal's triangle (A007318) are reflected in those of these polynomials, as can be seen in the Example Section below and also when the o.g.f. G(x,t) below is expanded as the series x*(1+x) + t * [x*(1+x)]^2 + t^2 * [x*(1+x)]^3 + ... . See also A053122 for a relation to Cartan matrices. - Tom Copeland, Nov 04 2014
Rows of this entry appear as columns of an array for an infinitesimal generator presented in the Copeland link. - Tom Copeland, Dec 23 2015
For n >= 2, the n-th row is also the coefficients of the vertex cover polynomial of the (n-1)-path graph P_{n-1}. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 10 2017
With an additional initial matrix element a_(0,0) = 1 and column of zeros a_(n,0) = 0 for n > 0, these are antidiagonals read from bottom to top of the numerical coefficients of the Maurer-Cartan form matrix of the Leibniz group L^(n)(1,1) presented on p. 9 of the Olver paper, which is generated as exp[c. * M] with (c.)^n = c_n and M the Lie infinitesimal generator A218272. Cf. A011973. And A169803. - Tom Copeland, Jul 02 2018

			Triangle starts:
  [ 1]  1
  [ 2]  1   1
  [ 3]  0   2   1
  [ 4]  0   1   3   1
  [ 5]  0   0   3   4   1
  [ 6]  0   0   1   6   5   1
  [ 7]  0   0   0   4  10   6   1
  [ 8]  0   0   0   1  10  15   7   1
  [ 9]  0   0   0   0   5  20  21   8   1
  [10]  0   0   0   0   1  15  35  28   9   1
  [11]  0   0   0   0   0   6  35  56  36  10   1
  [12]  0   0   0   0   0   1  21  70  84  45  11   1
  [13]  0   0   0   0   0   0   7  56 126 120  55  12   1
  ...
From _Tom Copeland_, Nov 04 2014: (Start)
For quick comparison to other polynomials:
  p(1,t) = 1
  p(2,t) = 1 + 1 t
  p(3,t) = 0 + 2 t + 1 t^2
  p(4,t) = 0 + 1 t + 3 t^2 + 1 t^3
  p(5,t) = 0 + 0   + 3 t^2 + 4 t^3 +  1 t^4
  p(6,t) = 0 + 0   + 1 t^2 + 6 t^3 +  5 t^4 +  1 t^5
  p(7,t) = 0 + 0   + 0     + 4 t^3 + 10 t^4 +  6 t^5 + 1 t^6
  p(8,t) = 0 + 0   + 0     + 1 t^3 + 10 t^4 + 15 t^5 + 7 t^6 + 1 t^7
  ...
Reading along columns gives rows for Pascal's triangle. (End)

P. A. MacMahon, Combinatory Analysis, Two volumes (bound as one), Chelsea Publishing Company, New York, 1960, Vol. I, nr. 124, p. 151.
John Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, London, 1958. eq. (35), p.124, 11. p. 154.

Indranil Ghosh, Rows 1..125 of triangle, flattened
Jean Luc Baril, Rigoberto Flórez, and José L. Ramirez, Generalized Narayana arrays, restricted Dyck paths, and related bijections, Univ. Bourgogne (France, 2025). See p. 18.
Tom Copeland, Generators, Inversion, and Matrix, Binomial, and Integral Transforms, Addendum to Elliptic Lie Triad
Loïc Foissy, Cointeraction on noncrossing partitions and related polynomial invariants, arXiv:2501.18212 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 21.
Wolfdieter Lang, On generalizations of Stirling number triangles, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), #00.2.4.
Donatella Merlini, Renzo Sprugnoli, and M. Cecilia Verri, An algebra for proper generating trees, Colloquium on Mathematics and Computer Science, Versailles, September 2000.
Donatella Merlini, Renzo Sprugnoli, and M. Cecilia Verri, An algebra for proper generating trees, Mathematics and Computer Science, Part of the series Trends in Mathematics pp 127-139.
Peter J. Olver, The canonical contact form.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Path Graph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Vertex Cover Polynomial

Row sums A000045(n+1) (Fibonacci). a(n, 1)= A019590(n) (Fermat's last theorem). Cf. A049403.

Cf. A104597, A146559, A155020, A125145, A057078, A039717, A001792, A057862, A011973, A115139.

/* As triangle */ [[Binomial(k, n-k): k in [1..n]]: n in [1.. 15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 05 2014

for n from 1 to 12 do seq(binomial(k,n-k),k=1..n) od; # yields sequence in triangular form - Emeric Deutsch, Apr 05 2005

nn=10;CoefficientList[Series[(1+x)/(1-y x - y x^2),{x,0,nn}],{x,y}]//Grid (* Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 22 2013 *)
Table[Binomial[k, n - k], {n, 13}, {k, n}] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 23 2015 *)
CoefficientList[Table[x^(n/2 - 1) Fibonacci[n + 1, Sqrt[x]], {n, 10}],
   x] // Flatten (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 10 2017 *)

a(n, m) = 2*(2*m-n+1)*a(n-1, m)/n + m*a(n-1, m-1)/n, n >= m >= 1; a(n, m) := 0, n

G.f. for m-th column: (x*(1+x))^m.

As a number triangle with offset 0, this is T(n, k) = Sum_{i=0..n} (-1)^(n+i)*binomial(n, i)*binomial(i+k+1, 2k+1). The antidiagonal sums give the Padovan sequence A000931(n+5). Inverse binomial transform of A078812 (product of lower triangular matrices). - Paul Barry, Jun 21 2004

G.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - y*x - y*x^2). - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 22 2013 [offset 0] [with offset 1: g.f. of row polynomials in y: x*(1+x)*y/(1 - x*(1+x)*y). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 27 2023]

From Tom Copeland, Nov 04 2014: (Start)

O.g.f: G(x,t) = x*(1+x) / [1 - t*x*(1+x)] = -P[Cinv(-x),t], where P(x,t)= x / (1 + t*x) and Cinv(x)= x*(1-x) are the compositional inverses in x of Pinv(x,t) = -P(-x,t) = x / (1 - t*x) and C(x) = [1-sqrt(1-4*x)]/2, an o.g.f. for the shifted Catalan numbers A000108.

Therefore, Ginv(x,t) = -C[Pinv(-x,t)] = {-1 + sqrt[1 + 4*x/(1+t*x)]}/2, which is -A124644(-x,t).

This places this array in a family of arrays related by composition of P and C and their inverses and interpolation by t, such as A091867 and A104597, and associated to the Catalan, Motzkin, Fine, and Fibonacci numbers. Cf. A104597 (polynomials shifted in t) A125145, A146559, A057078, A000045, A155020, A125145, A039717, A001792, A057862, A011973, A115139. (End)

More terms from Emeric Deutsch, Apr 05 2005

A057083 Scaled Chebyshev U-polynomials evaluated at sqrt(3)/2; expansion of 1/(1 - 3x + 3x^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 6, 9, 9, 0, -27, -81, -162, -243, -243, 0, 729, 2187, 4374, 6561, 6561, 0, -19683, -59049, -118098, -177147, -177147, 0, 531441, 1594323, 3188646, 4782969, 4782969, 0, -14348907, -43046721, -86093442, -129140163, -129140163, 0

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 11 2000

With different sign pattern, see A000748.

Conjecture: Let M be any endomorphism on any vector space, such that M^3 = 1 (identity). Then (1-M)^n = A057681(n) - A057682(n)*M + z(n)*M^2, where z(0) = z(1) = 0 and, apparently, z(n+2) = a(n). - Stanislav Sykora, Jun 10 2012

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..4170
T. Alden Gassert, Discriminants of simplest 3^n-tic extensions, arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.7829 [math.NT], 2014.
A. F. Horadam, Special properties of the sequence W_n(a,b; p,q), Fib. Quart., 5.5 (1967), 424-434. Case n->n+1, a=0,b=1; p=3, q=-3.
Vladimir Kruchinin, Composition of ordinary generating functions, arXiv:1009.2565 [math.CO], 2010.
Wolfdieter Lang, On polynomials related to powers of the generating function of Catalan's numbers, Fib. Quart. 38 (2000) 408-419. Eqs. (38) and (45),lhs, m=3.
Vladimir Shevelev, Combinatorial identities generated by difference analogs of hyperbolic and trigonometric functions of order n, arXiv:1706.01454 [math.CO], 2017.
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-3).

Cf. A000748, A010892, A049310, A057078, A057681, A057682, A129339.

I:=[1,3]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 3*Self(n-1) - 3*Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 23 2018

seq(3^(n/2)*orthopoly[U](n,sqrt(3)/2),n=0..100); # Robert Israel, Nov 21 2016

Join[{a=1,b=3},Table[c=3*b-3*a;a=b;b=c,{n,100}]] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jan 17 2011 *)
CoefficientList[Series[1/(1 - 3 x + 3 x^2), {x, 0, 35}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jul 30 2017 *)

a(n)=([0,1; -3,3]^n*[1;3])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 08 2016

[lucas_number1(n,3,3) for n in range(1, 37)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 23 2009

a(n) = S(n, sqrt(3))*(sqrt(3))^n with S(n, x) := U(n, x/2), Chebyshev polynomials of 2nd kind, A049310.
a(2*n) = A057078(n)*3^n; a(2*n+1)= A010892(n)*3^(n+1).
G.f.: 1/(1-3*x+3*x^2).
Binomial transform of A057079. a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} 2*binomial(n, k)*cos((k-1)Pi/3). - Paul Barry, Aug 19 2003
For n > 5, a(n) = -27*a(n-6) - Gerald McGarvey, Apr 21 2005
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A109466(n,k)*3^k. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 12 2008
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(k,n-k) * 3^k *(-1)^(n-k) for n>0; a(0)=1. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Feb 07 2011
By the conjecture: Start with x(0)=1, y(0)=0, z(0)=0 and set x(n+1) = x(n) - z(n), y(n+1) = y(n) - x(n), z(n+1) = z(n) - y(n). Then a(n) = z(n+2). This recurrence indeed ends up in a repetitive cycle of length 6 and multiplicative factor -27, confirming G. McGarvey's observation. - Stanislav Sykora, Jun 10 2012
G.f.: Q(0) where Q(k) =  1 + k*(3*x+1) + 9*x - 3*x*(k+1)*(k+4)/Q(k+1) ; (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Mar 15 2013
G.f.: G(0)/(2-3*x), where G(k)= 1 + 1/(1 - x*(k+3)/(x*(k+4) + 2/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jun 16 2013
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..floor(n/3)} (-1)^k*binomial(n+2,3*k+2). Sykora's conjecture in the Comments section follows easily from this. - Peter Bala, Nov 21 2016
From Vladimir Shevelev, Jul 30 2017: (Start)
a(n) = 2*3^(n/2)*cos(Pi*(n-2)/6);
a(n) = K_2(n+2) - K_1(n+2);
For m,n>=1, a(n+m) = a(n-1)*K_1(m+1) + K_2(n+1)*K_2(m+1) + K_1(n+1)*a(m-1) where K_1 = A057681, K_2 = A057682. (End)

A301287 Coordination sequence for node of type 3.12.12 in "cph" 2-D tiling (or net).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 15, 18, 17, 20, 25, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 39, 40, 47, 50, 49, 52, 57, 60, 61, 62, 67, 72, 71, 72, 79, 82, 81, 84, 89, 92, 93, 94, 99, 104, 103, 104, 111, 114, 113, 116, 121, 124, 125, 126, 131, 136, 135, 136, 143, 146, 145, 148, 153, 156, 157, 158

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 23 2018

Linear recurrence and g.f. confirmed by Shutov/Maleev link. - Ray Chandler, Aug 31 2023

Branko Grünbaum and G. C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns. W. H. Freeman, New York, 1987. See Table 2.2.1, page 66, bottom row, first tiling.

Rémy Sigrist, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Brian Galebach, Collection of n-Uniform Tilings. See Number 2 from the list of 20 2-uniform tilings.
Brian Galebach, Enlarged illustration of tiling, suitable for coloring (taken from the web site in the previous link)
Brian Galebach, k-uniform tilings (k <= 6) and their A-numbers
Chaim Goodman-Strauss and N. J. A. Sloane, A Coloring Book Approach to Finding Coordination Sequences, Acta Cryst. A75 (2019), 121-134, also on NJAS's home page. Also arXiv:1803.08530.
Reticular Chemistry Structure Resource (RCSR), The cph tiling (or net)
Anton Shutov and Andrey Maleev, Coordination sequences of 2-uniform graphs, Z. Kristallogr., 235 (2020), 157-166. See supplementary material, krb, vertex u_1.
Rémy Sigrist, Illustration of initial terms
Rémy Sigrist, PARI program for A301287
N. J. A. Sloane, Trunks and branches for determining coordination sequence, central view. Blue = trunks, red = branches, green = twigs.
N. J. A. Sloane, Trunks and branches, a different scan, truncated on right but otherwise shows quadrants I and IV in detail
N. J. A. Sloane, Trunks and branches in first quadrant, in full.
N. J. A. Sloane, Trunks and branches in fourth quadrant, in full.
N. J. A. Sloane, Details of proof (page 1)
N. J. A. Sloane, Details of proof (page 2)
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,-1,2,-1,1,-1).

Cf. A301289.

Coordination sequences for the 20 2-uniform tilings in the order in which they appear in the Galebach catalog, together with their names in the RCSR database (two sequences per tiling): #1 krt A265035, A265036; #2 cph A301287, A301289; #3 krm A301291, A301293; #4 krl A301298, A298024; #5 krq A301299, A301301; #6 krs A301674, A301676; #7 krr A301670, A301672; #8 krk A301291, A301293; #9 krn A301678, A301680; #10 krg A301682, A301684; #11 bew A008574, A296910; #12 krh A301686, A301688; #13 krf A301690, A301692; #14 krd A301694, A219529; #15 krc A301708, A301710; #16 usm A301712, A301714; #17 krj A219529, A301697; #18 kre A301716, A301718; #19 krb A301720, A301722; #20 kra A301724, A301726.

Join[{1, 3, 6}, LinearRecurrence[{1, -1, 2, -1, 1, -1}, {7, 8, 15, 18, 17, 20}, 100]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 05 2018 *)

PARI
```
See Links section.
```

G.f. = -(2*x^8-2*x^7-x^6-4*x^5-2*x^4-2*x^3-4*x^2-2*x-1) / ((x^2+1)*(x^2+x+1)*(x-1)^2). N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 28 2018 (This is now a theorem. - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 05 2018)
Equivalent conjecture: 3*a(n) = 8*n+2*A057078(n+1)+3*A228826(n+2). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 31 2018 (This is now a theorem. - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 05 2018)
Theorem: G.f. = (1+2*x+4*x^2+2*x^3+2*x^4+4*x^5+1*x^6+2*x^7-2*x^8) / ((1-x)*(1+x^2)*(1-x^3)).
Proof. This follows by applying the coloring book method described in the Goodman-Strauss & Sloane article. The trunks and branches structure is shown in the links, and the details of the proof (by calculating the generating function) are on the next two scanned pages. - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 05 2018

More terms from Rémy Sigrist, Mar 27 2018

A054320 Expansion of g.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 10*x + x^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 11, 109, 1079, 10681, 105731, 1046629, 10360559, 102558961, 1015229051, 10049731549, 99482086439, 984771132841, 9748229241971, 96497521286869, 955226983626719, 9455772314980321, 93602496166176491, 926569189346784589, 9172089397301669399, 90794324783669909401

Offset: 0

Ignacio Larrosa Cañestro, Feb 27 2000

Chebyshev's even-indexed U-polynomials evaluated at sqrt(3).
a(n)^2 is a star number (A003154).
Any k in the sequence has the successor 5*k + 2*sqrt(3(2*k^2 + 1)). - Lekraj Beedassy, Jul 08 2002
{a(n)} give the values of x solving: 3*y^2 - 2*x^2 = 1. Corresponding values of y are given by A072256(n+1). x + y = A001078(n+1). - Richard R. Forberg, Nov 21 2013
The aerated sequence (b(n))n>=1 = [1, 0, 11, 0, 109, 0, 1079, 0, ...] is a fourth-order linear divisibility sequence; that is, if n | m then b(n) | b(m). It is the case P1 = 0, P2 = -8, Q = -1 of the 3-parameter family of divisibility sequences found by Williams and Guy. See A100047. - Peter Bala, Mar 22 2015

			a(1)^2 = 121 is the 5th star number (A003154).

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
K. Andersen, L. Carbone, and D. Penta, Kac-Moody Fibonacci sequences, hyperbolic golden ratios, and real quadratic fields, Journal of Number Theory and Combinatorics, Vol 2, No. 3 pp 245-278, 2011. See Section 9.
Editors, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, Query 4500: The equation x(x+1)/2 = y*(y+1)/3, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, 22 (1915), 255-260 (I).
Editors, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, Query 4500: The equation x(x+1)/2 = y*(y+1)/3, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, 22 (1915), 255-260 (II).
Editors, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, Query 4500: The equation x(x+1)/2 = y*(y+1)/3, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, 22 (1915), 255-260 (III).
Editors, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, Query 4500: The equation x(x+1)/2 = y*(y+1)/3, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, 22 (1915), 255-260 (IV).
Alex Fink, Richard K. Guy, and Mark Krusemeyer, Partitions with parts occurring at most thrice, Contrib. Discr. Math. 3 (2) (2008), pp. 76-114. See Section 13.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Star Number
H. C. Williams and R. K. Guy, Some fourth-order linear divisibility sequences, Intl. J. Number Theory 7 (5) (2011) 1255-1277.
H. C. Williams and R. K. Guy, Some Monoapparitic Fourth Order Linear Divisibility Sequences, Integers, Volume 12A (2012) The John Selfridge Memorial Volume.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (10,-1).
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.

A member of the family A057078, A057077, A057079, A005408, A002878, A001834, A030221, A002315, A033890, A057080, A057081, A054320, which are the expansions of (1+x) / (1-kx+x^2) with k = -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. - Philippe Deléham, May 04 2004
Cf. A003154, A006061, A031138, A007667, A004189.
Cf. A138281. Cf. A100047.
Cf. A142238.

a:=[1,11];; for n in [3..30] do a[n]:=10*a[n-1]-a[n-2]; od; a; # G. C. Greubel, Jul 22 2019

I:=[1,11]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 10*Self(n-1)-Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Mar 22 2015

CoefficientList[Series[(1+x)/(1-10x+x^2), {x,0,30}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Mar 22 2015 *)
a[c_, n_] := Module[{},
   p := Length[ContinuedFraction[ Sqrt[ c]][[2]]];
   d := Numerator[Convergents[Sqrt[c], n p]];
   t := Table[d[[1 + i]], {i, 0, Length[d] - 1, p}];
   Return[t];
] (* Complement of A142238 *)
a[3/2, 20] (* Gerry Martens, Jun 07 2015 *)

a(n)=subst(poltchebi(n+1)-poltchebi(n),x,5)/4;

(a(n)-1)^2 + a(n)^2 + (a(n)+1)^2 = b(n)^2 + (b(n)+1)^2 = c(n), where b(n) is A031138 and c(n) is A007667.
a(n) = 10*a(n-1) - a(n-2).
a(n) = (sqrt(6) - 2)/4*(5 + 2*sqrt(6))^(n+1) - (sqrt(6) + 2)/4*(5 - 2*sqrt(6))^(n+1).
a(n) = U(2*(n-1), sqrt(3)) = S(n-1, 10) + S(n-2, 10) with Chebyshev's U(n, x) and S(n, x) := U(n, x/2) polynomials and S(-1, x) := 0. S(n, 10) = A004189(n+1), n >= 0.
6*a(n)^2 + 3 is a square. Limit_{n->oo} a(n)/a(n-1) = 5 + 2*sqrt(6). - Gregory V. Richardson, Oct 13 2002
Let q(n, x) = Sum_{i=0..n} x^(n-i)*binomial(2*n-i, i), then (-1)^n*q(n, -12) = a(n). - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 10 2002
a(n) = L(n,-10)*(-1)^n, where L is defined as in A108299; see also A072256 for L(n,+10). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 01 2005
From Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 12 2008: (Start)
(sqrt(2) + sqrt(3))^(2*n+1) = a(n)*sqrt(2) + A138288(n)*sqrt(3);
a(n) = A138288(n) + A001078(n).
a(n) = A001079(n) + 3*A001078(n). (End)
a(n) = A142238(2n) = A041006(2n)/2 = A041038(2n)/4. - M. F. Hasler, Feb 14 2009
a(n) = sqrt(A006061(n)). - Zak Seidov, Oct 22 2012
a(n) = sqrt((3*A072256(n)^2 - 1)/2). - T. D. Noe, Oct 23 2012
(sqrt(3) + sqrt(2))^(2*n+1) - (sqrt(3) - sqrt(2))^(2*n+1) = a(n)*sqrt(8). - Bruno Berselli, Oct 29 2019
a(n) = A004189(n)+A004189(n+1). - R. J. Mathar, Oct 01 2021
E.g.f.: exp(5*x)*(2*cosh(2*sqrt(6)*x) + sqrt(6)*sinh(2*sqrt(6)*x))/2. - Stefano Spezia, May 16 2023
From Peter Bala, May 09 2025: (Start)
a(n) = Dir(n, 5), where Dir(n, x) denotes the n-th row polynomial of the triangle A244419.
a(n)^2 - 10*a(n)*a(n+1) + a(n+1)^2 = 12.
More generally, for arbitrary x, a(n+x)^2 - 10*a(n+x)*a(n+x+1) + a(n+x+1)^2 = 12 with a(n) := (sqrt(6) - 2)/4*(5 + 2*sqrt(6))^(n+1) - (sqrt(6) + 2)/4*(5 - 2*sqrt(6))^(n+1) as given above.
a(n+1/2) = sqrt(3) * A001078(n+1).
a(n+3/4) + a(n+1/4) = sqrt(6)*sqrt(sqrt(3) + 1) * A001078(n+1).
a(n+3/4) - a(n+1/4) = sqrt(sqrt(3) - 1) * A001079(n+1).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n) - 1/a(n)) = 1/12 (telescoping series: for n >= 1, 1/(a(n) - 1/a(n)) = 1/A004291(n) + 1/A004291(n+1)).
Product_{n >= 1} (a(n) + 1)/(a(n) - 1) = sqrt(3/2) (telescoping product: Product_{n = 1..k} ((a(n) + 1)/(a(n) - 1))^2 = 3/2 * (1 - 1/A171640(k+2))). (End)

Chebyshev comments from Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 31 2002

A000601 Expansion of 1/((1-x)^2(1-x^2)(1-x^3)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 23, 31, 41, 53, 67, 83, 102, 123, 147, 174, 204, 237, 274, 314, 358, 406, 458, 514, 575, 640, 710, 785, 865, 950, 1041, 1137, 1239, 1347, 1461, 1581, 1708, 1841, 1981, 2128, 2282, 2443, 2612, 2788, 2972, 3164, 3364, 3572, 3789, 4014

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Molien series for 4-dimensional representation of S_3 [Nebe, Rains, Sloane, Chap. 7].
From Thomas Wieder, Feb 11 2007: (Start)
If P(i,k) denotes the number of integer partitions of i into k parts and if k=3, then a(n) = Sum_{i=k..n+2} P(i,k). See also A002620 = Quarter-squares, this sequence follows for k=2 as pointed out by Rick L. Shepherd, Feb 27 2004.
For example, a(n=6)=16 because there are 16 integer partitions of n=3,4,...,n+2=8 with k=3 parts:
[[1, 1, 1]],
[[2, 1, 1]],
[[3, 1, 1], [2, 2, 1]]
[[4, 1, 1], [3, 2, 1], [2, 2, 2]],
[[5, 1, 1], [4, 2, 1], [3, 3, 1], [3, 2, 2]],
[[6, 1, 1], [5, 2, 1], [4, 3, 1], [4, 2, 2], [3, 3, 2]]. (End)
Let P(i,k) be the number of integer partitions of n into k parts. Then if k=3 we have a(n) = Sum_{i=k..n} P(i,k=3). - Thomas Wieder, Feb 20 2007
Number of equivalence classes of 3 X n binary matrices when one can permute rows, permute columns and complement columns. - Max Alekseyev, Feb 05 2010
Convolution of the sequences whose n-th terms are given by 1+[n/2] and 1+[n/3], where []=floor. - Clark Kimberling, May 28 2012
Number of partitions of n into two sorts of 1, and one sort each of 2 and 3. - Joerg Arndt, May 05 2014
a(n-3) is the number of partitions mu of 2n of length 4 such that mu has an even number of even entries and the transpose of mu has an even number of even entries (see below example). - John M. Campbell, Feb 03 2016
Number of partitions of 2n+8 into 4 parts such that the sum of the smallest two parts and the sum of the largest two parts are both odd. Also, number of partitions of 2n+4 into 4 parts such that the sum of the smallest two parts and the sum of the largest two parts are both even. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jan 19 2021

			G.f. = 1 + 2*x + 4*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 11*x^4 + 16*x^5 + 23*x^6 + 31*x^7 + ...
From _John M. Campbell_, Feb 03 2016:  (Start)
For example, letting n=6, there are a(n-3)=a(3)=7 partitions mu of 12 of length 4 such mu has an even number of even entries and the transpose of mu has an even number of even entries: (8,2,1,1), (6,4,1,1), (6,3,2,1), (6,2,2,2), (4,4,3,1), (4,4,2,2), (4,3,3,2). For example, the partition
   oooooo
   ooo
   oo
   o
has 2 even entries and the transpose
   oooo
   ooo
   oo
   o
   o
   o
has an even number of even entries. (End)

A. Cayley, Numerical tables supplementary to second memoir on quantics, Collected Mathematical Papers. Vols. 1-13, Cambridge Univ. Press, London, 1889-1897, Vol. 2, pp. 276-281.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000 (terms 0..1000 from Vincenzo Librandi)
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
A. Cayley, Numerical tables supplementary to second memoir on quantics, Collected Mathematical Papers. Vols. 1-13, Cambridge Univ. Press, London, 1889-1897, Vol. 2, pp. 276-281. [Annotated scanned copy]
L. Colmenarejo, Combinatorics on several families of Kronecker coefficients related to plane partitions, arXiv:1604.00803 [math.CO], 2016. See Table 1 p. 5.
Florent de Dinechin, Matei Istoan, Guillaume Sergent, Kinga Illyes, Bogdan Popa and Nicolas Brunie, Arithmetic around the bit heap, HAL Id: ensl-00738412, 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Dec 31 2012
E. Fix and J. L. Hodges, Jr., Significance probabilities of the Wilcoxon test, Annals Math. Stat., 26 (1955), 301-312.
E. Fix and J. L. Hodges, Significance probabilities of the Wilcoxon test, Annals Math. Stat., 26 (1955), 301-312. [Annotated scanned copy]
M. A. Harrison, On the number of classes of binary matrices, IEEE Trans. Computers, 22 (1973), 1048-1051. doi:10.1109/T-C.1973.223649 - _Max Alekseyev_, Feb 05 2010
H. R. Henze and C. M. Blair, The number of isomeric hydrocarbons of the methane series, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 53 (1931), 3077-3085.
H. R. Henze and C. M. Blair, The number of isomeric hydrocarbons of the methane series, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 53 (1931), 3077-3085. (Annotated scanned copy)
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 196
G. Nebe, E. M. Rains and N. J. A. Sloane, Self-Dual Codes and Invariant Theory, Springer, Berlin, 2006.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Thomas Wieder, The number of certain k-combinations of an n-set, Applied Mathematics Electronic Notes, vol. 8 (2008).
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,0,-1,-1,0,2,-1)
Index entries for two-way infinite sequences

Cf. A002620, A006148, A006383.

K:=Rationals(); M:=MatrixAlgebra(K,4); q1:=DiagonalMatrix(M,[1,-1,1,-1]); p1:=DiagonalMatrix(M,[1,1,-1,-1]); q2:=DiagonalMatrix(M,[1,1,1,-1]); h:=M![1,1,1,1, 1,1,-1,-1, 1,-1,1,-1, 1,-1,-1,1]/2; U:=MatrixGroup<4,K|q2,h>; G:=MatrixGroup<4,K|q1,q2,h>; H:=MatrixGroup<4,K|q1,q2,h,p1>; MolienSeries(U);

A000601:=1/(z+1)/(z**2+z+1)/(z-1)**4; # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
with(combstruct):ZL:=[st, {st=Prod(left, right), left=Set(U, card=r+1), right=Set(U, card=1)}, unlabeled]: subs(r=2, stack): seq(count(subs(r=2, ZL), size=m), m=3..52) ; # Zerinvary Lajos, Feb 07 2008

CoefficientList[Series[1/((1-x)^2*(1-x^2)*(1-x^3)), {x, 0, 49}], x] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 20 2011 *)
LinearRecurrence[{2,0,-1,-1,0,2,-1},{1,2,4,7,11,16,23},50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 17 2013 *)
a[ n_] := Quotient[ 2 n^3 + 21 n^2 + 66 n, 72] + 1; (* Michael Somos, May 28 2014 *)

Vec(1/((1-x)^2*(1-x^2)*(1-x^3))+O(x^99)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 23 2012

{a(n) = (2*n^3 + 21*n^2 + 66*n) \ 72 + 1}; /* Michael Somos, May 28 2014 */

a(n) = n^3/36 +7*n^2/24 +11*n/12 +119/144 +(-1)^n/16 + A057078(n)/9. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 14 2011
a(0)=1, a(1)=2, a(2)=4, a(3)=7, a(4)=11, a(5)=16, a(6)=23, a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - a(n-3) - a(n-4) + 2*a(n-6) - a(n-7). - Harvey P. Dale, Mar 17 2013
It appears that a(n) = ((4*n^3+42*n^2+140*n+102+21*(1+(-1)^n))/8-6*floor((2*n+5+3*(-1)^n)/12))/18. - Luce ETIENNE, May 05 2014
Euler transform of length 3 sequence [ 2, 1, 1]. - Michael Somos, May 28 2014
a(-7 - n) = -a(n). - Michael Somos, May 28 2014

More terms from James Sellers, Feb 06 2000

A057081 Even-indexed Chebyshev U-polynomials evaluated at sqrt(11)/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 89, 791, 7030, 62479, 555281, 4935050, 43860169, 389806471, 3464398070, 30789776159, 273643587361, 2432002510090, 21614379003449, 192097408520951, 1707262297685110, 15173263270645039, 134852107138120241, 1198495700972437130, 10651609201613813929

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 04 2000

This is the m=11 member of the m-family of sequences S(n,m-2)+S(n-1,m-2) = S(2*n,sqrt(m)) (for S(n,x) see Formula). The m=4..10 instances are A005408, A002878, A001834, A030221, A002315, A033890 and A057080, resp. The m=1..3 (signed) sequences are: A057078, A057077 and A057079, resp.
General recurrence is a(n)=(a(1)-1)*a(n-1)-a(n-2), a(1)>=4, lim_{n->oo} a(n)= x*(k*x+1)^n, k =(a(1)-3), x=(1+sqrt((a(1)+1)/(a(1)-3)))/2. Examples in OEIS: a(1)=4 gives A002878. a(1)=5 gives A001834. a(1)=6 gives A030221. a(1)=7 gives A002315. a(1)=8 gives A033890. a(1)=9 gives A057080. a(1)=10 gives A057081. - Ctibor O. Zizka, Sep 02 2008
The primes in this sequence are 89, 389806471, 192097408520951, 7477414486269626733119, ... - Ctibor O. Zizka, Sep 02 2008
The aerated sequence (b(n))n>=1 = [1, 0, 10, 0, 89, 0, 791, 0, ...] is a fourth-order linear divisibility sequence; that is, if n | m then b(n) | b(m). It is the case P1 = 0, P2 = -7, Q = -1 of the 3-parameter family of divisibility sequences found by Williams and Guy. See A100047. - Peter Bala, Mar 22 2015

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Marco Abrate, Stefano Barbero, Umberto Cerruti, and Nadir Murru, Polynomial sequences on quadratic curves, Integers, Vol. 15, 2015, #A38.
K. Andersen, L. Carbone, and D. Penta, Kac-Moody Fibonacci sequences, hyperbolic golden ratios, and real quadratic fields, Journal of Number Theory and Combinatorics, Vol 2, No. 3 pp 245-278, 2011. See Section 9.
Alex Fink, Richard K. Guy, and Mark Krusemeyer, Partitions with parts occurring at most thrice, Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 3, No 2 (2008), pp. 76-114. See Section 13.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Wolfdieter Lang, On polynomials related to powers of the generating function of Catalan's numbers, Fib. Quart. 38 (2000) 408-419. Eq.(44), rhs, m=11.
H. C. Williams and R. K. Guy, Some fourth-order linear divisibility sequences, Intl. J. Number Theory 7 (5) (2011) 1255-1277.
H. C. Williams and R. K. Guy, Some Monoapparitic Fourth Order Linear Divisibility Sequences Integers, Volume 12A (2012) The John Selfridge Memorial Volume.
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (9,-1).

Cf. A005408, A002878, A001834, A030221, A002315, A033890, A057080.
Cf. A057078, A057077, A057079.
Cf. A018913, A049310.
Cf. A100047.

A057081 := proc(n)
    option remember;
    if n <= 1 then
        op(n+1,[1,10]);
    else
        9*procname(n-1)-procname(n-2) ;
    end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Apr 30 2017

CoefficientList[Series[(1 + x)/(1 - 9*x + x^2), {x,0,50}], x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{9,-1}, {1,10}, 50] (* G. C. Greubel, Apr 12 2017 *)

Vec((1+x)/(1-9*x+x^2) + O(x^30)) \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 22 2015

[(lucas_number2(n,9,1)-lucas_number2(n-1,9,1))/7 for n in range(1, 20)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Nov 10 2009

a(n) = 9*a(n-1) - a(n-2), a(-1)=-1, a(0)=1.
a(n) = S(n, 9) + S(n-1, 9) = S(2*n, sqrt(11)) with S(n, x) := U(n, x/2), Chebyshev polynomials of 2nd kind, A049310. S(n, 9) = A018913(n).
G.f.: (1+x)/(1-9*x+x^2).
Let q(n, x) = Sum{i=0..n} x^(n-i)*binomial(2*n-i, i), a(n) = (-1)^n*q(n, -11). - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 10 2002
a(n) = L(n,-9)*(-1)^n, where L is defined as in A108299; see also A070998 for L(n,+9). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 01 2005
From Peter Bala, Jun 08 2025: (Start)
a(n) = (1/sqrt(7)) * ( ((sqrt(11) + sqrt(7))/2)^(2*n+1) - ((sqrt(11) - sqrt(7))/2)^(2*n+1) ).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n) - 1/a(n)) = 1/11 (telescoping series: 11/(a(n) - 1/a(n)) = 1/A018913(n+1) + 1/A018913(n)).
Conjecture: for k >= 1, Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(k*n) - s(k)/a(k*n)) = 1/(1 + a(k)) where s(k) = a(0) + a(1) + ... + a(k-1).
Product_{n >= 1} (a(n) + 1)/(a(n) - 1) = sqrt(11/7) [telescoping product: ((a(n) + 1)/(a(n) - 1))^2 = (1 - 4/b(n+1))/(1 - 4/b(n)), where b(n) = 2 + A056918(n)]. (End)

A299045 Rectangular array: A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^floor(j/2)binomial(k-floor((j+1)/2), floor(j/2))(-n)^(k-j), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1, -2, 1, 1, 1, -3, 5, -1, 0, 1, -4, 11, -13, 1, -1, 1, -5, 19, -41, 34, -1, 1, 1, -6, 29, -91, 153, -89, 1, 0, 1, -7, 41, -169, 436, -571, 233, -1, -1, 1, -8, 55, -281, 985, -2089, 2131, -610, 1, 1, 1, -9, 71, -433, 1926, -5741, 10009, -7953, 1597, -1, 0

Offset: 1

L. Edson Jeffery, Bob Selcoe and Andrew Hone, Feb 01 2018

This array is used to compute A269252: A269252(n) = least k such that |A(n,k)| is a prime, or -1 if no such k exists.
For detailed theory, see [Hone].
The array can be extended to k<0 with A(n, k) = -A(n, -k-1) for all k in Z. - Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023

			Array begins:
1   0  -1     1     0      -1       1         0        -1           1
1  -1   1    -1     1      -1       1        -1         1          -1
1  -2   5   -13    34     -89     233      -610      1597       -4181
1  -3  11   -41   153    -571    2131     -7953     29681     -110771
1  -4  19   -91   436   -2089   10009    -47956    229771    -1100899
1  -5  29  -169   985   -5741   33461   -195025   1136689    -6625109
1  -6  41  -281  1926  -13201   90481   -620166   4250681   -29134601
1  -7  55  -433  3409  -26839  211303  -1663585  13097377  -103115431
1  -8  71  -631  5608  -49841  442961  -3936808  34988311  -310957991
1  -9  89  -881  8721  -86329  854569  -8459361  83739041  -828931049

Robert Price, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5050
Andrew N. W. Hone, et al., On a family of sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials, arXiv:1802.01793 [math.NT], 2018.

Cf. A285992, A299107, A299109, A088165, A117522, A299100, A299101, A113501, A269251, A269252, A269253, A269254, A294099, A298675, A298677, A298878, A299045, A299071.
Cf. A094954 (unsigned version of this array, but missing the first row).
Cf. Rows: A057078, A033999, A099496, A079935 (or A001835), A004253, A001653, A049685, A070997, A070998, A138288 (or A072256), ...
Cf. Columns: A000012, A001477 (A000027), A110331 (A165900), A123972, A192398, ...

(* Array: *)
Grid[Table[LinearRecurrence[{-n, -1}, {1, 1 - n}, 10], {n, 10}]]
(*Array antidiagonals flattened (gives this sequence):*)
A299045[n_, k_] := Sum[(-1)^(Floor[j/2]) Binomial[k - Floor[(j + 1)/2], Floor[j/2]] (-n)^(k - j), {j, 0, k}]; Flatten[Table[A299045[n - k, k], {n, 11}, {k, 0, n - 1}]]

{A(n, k) = sum(j=0, k, (-1)^(j\2)*binomial(k-(j+1)\2, j\2)*(-n)^(k-j))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023 */

G.f. for row n: (1 + x)/(1 + n*x + x^2), n >= 1.

A(n, k) = B(-n, k) where B = A294099. - Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023

A129818 Riordan array (1/(1+x), x/(1+x)^2), inverse array is A039599.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 1, 1, -3, 1, -1, 6, -5, 1, 1, -10, 15, -7, 1, -1, 15, -35, 28, -9, 1, 1, -21, 70, -84, 45, -11, 1, -1, 28, -126, 210, -165, 66, -13, 1, 1, -36, 210, -462, 495, -286, 91, -15, 1, -1, 45, -330, 924, -1287, 1001, -455, 120, -17, 1, 1, -55, 495, -1716, 3003, -3003, 1820, -680, 153, -19, 1

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Jun 09 2007

This sequence is up to sign the same as A129818. - T. D. Noe, Sep 30 2011
Row sums: A057078. - Philippe Deléham, Jun 11 2007
Subtriangle of the triangle given by (0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 19 2012
This triangle provides the coefficients of powers of x^2 for the even-indexed Chebyshev S polynomials (see A049310): S(2*n,x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^(2*k), n >= 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 17 2012
If L(x^n) := C(n) = A000108(n) (Catalan numbers), then the polynomials P_n(x) := Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k are orthogonal with respect to the inner product given by (f(x),g(x)) := L(f(x)*g(x)). - Michael Somos, Jan 03 2019

			Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  n\k  0   1    2     3     4     5    6    7    8   9 10 ...
   0:  1
   1: -1   1
   2:  1  -3    1
   3: -1   6   -5     1
   4:  1 -10   15    -7     1
   5: -1  15  -35    28    -9     1
   6:  1 -21   70   -84    45   -11    1
   7: -1  28 -126   210  -165    66  -13    1
   8:  1 -36  210  -462   495  -286   91  -15    1
   9: -1  45 -330   924 -1287  1001 -455  120  -17   1
  10:  1 -55  495 -1716  3003 -3003 1820 -680  153 -19  1
  ... Reformatted by _Wolfdieter Lang_, Dec 17 2012
Recurrence from the A-sequence A115141:
15 = T(4,2) = 1*6 + (-2)*(-5) + (-1)*1.
(0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 0, ...) DELTA (1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 0, ...) begins:
  1
  0,  1
  0, -1,   1
  0,  1,  -3,   1
  0, -1,   6,  -5,  1
  0,  1, -10,  15, -7,  1
  0, -1,  15, -35, 28, -9, 1. - _Philippe Deléham_, Mar 19 2012
Row polynomial for n=3 in terms of x^2: S(6,x) = -1 + 6*x^2 -5*x^4 + 1*x^6, with Chebyshev's S polynomial. See a comment above. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Dec 17 2012
Boas-Buck type recurrence: -35 = T(5,2) = (5/3)*(-1*1 +1*(-5) - 1*15) = -3*7 = -35. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jun 03 2020

Vincenzo Librandi, Rows n = 1..101, flattened
Paul Barry, A Catalan Transform and Related Transformations on Integer Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 8 (2005), Article 05.4.5.
Paul Barry and Aoife Hennessy, The Euler-Seidel Matrix, Hankel Matrices and Moment Sequences, J. Int. Seq. 13 (2010) # 10.8.2, example 15.
Aoife Hennessy, A Study of Riordan Arrays with Applications to Continued Fractions, Orthogonal Polynomials and Lattice Paths, Ph. D. Thesis, Waterford Institute of Technology, Oct. 2011.

Cf. A039599, A085478, A123970, A321620.

# The function RiordanSquare is defined in A321620.
RiordanSquare((1 - sqrt(1 - 4*x))/(2*x), 10):
LinearAlgebra[MatrixInverse](%); # Peter Luschny, Jan 04 2019

max = 10; Flatten[ CoefficientList[#, y] & /@ CoefficientList[ Series[ (1 + x)/(1 + (2 - y)*x + x^2), {x, 0, max}], x]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 29 2011, after Wolfdieter Lang *)

@CachedFunction
def A129818(n,k):
    if n< 0: return 0
    if n==0: return 1 if k == 0 else 0
    h = A129818(n-1,k) if n==1 else 2*A129818(n-1,k)
    return A129818(n-1,k-1) - A129818(n-2,k) - h
for n in (0..9): [A129818(n,k) for k in (0..n)] # Peter Luschny, Nov 20 2012

T(n,k) = (-1)^(n-k)*A085478(n,k) = (-1)^(n-k)*binomial(n+k,2*k).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*A000531(k) = n^2, with A000531(0)=0. - Philippe Deléham, Jun 11 2007
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A033999(n), A057078(n), A057077(n), A057079(n), A005408(n), A002878(n), A001834(n), A030221(n), A002315(n), A033890(n), A057080(n), A057081(n), A054320(n), A097783(n), A077416(n), A126866(n), A028230(n+1) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 19 2009
O.g.f.: (1+x)/(1+(2-y)*x+x^2). - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 15 2010
O.g.f. column k with leading zeros (Riordan array, see NAME): (1/(1+x))*(x/(1+x)^2)^k, k >= 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 15 2010
From Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 20 2010: (Start)
Recurrences from the Z- and A-sequences for Riordan arrays. See the W. Lang link under A006232 for details and references.
T(n,0) = -1*T(n-1,0), n >= 1, from the o.g.f. -1 for the Z-sequence (trivial result).
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n-k} A(j)*T(n-1,k-1+j), n >= k >= 1, with A(j):= A115141(j) = [1,-2,-1,-2,-5,-14,...], j >= 0 (o.g.f. 1/c(x)^2 with the A000108 (Catalan) o.g.f. c(x)). (End)
T(n,k) = (-1)^n*A123970(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 18 2012
T(n,k) = -2*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k), T(0,0) = T(1,1) = 1, T(1,0) = -1, T(n,k) = 0 if k < 0 or if k > n. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 19 2012
A039599(m,n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * C(k+m) where C(n) are the Catalan numbers. - Michael Somos, Jan 03 2019
Equals the matrix inverse of the Riordan square (cf. A321620) of the Catalan numbers. - Peter Luschny, Jan 04 2019
Boas-Buck type recurrence for column k >= 0 (see Aug 10 2017 comment in A046521 with references): T(n,k) = ((1 + 2*k)/(n - k))*Sum_{j = k..n-1} (-1)^(n-j)*T(j,k), with input T(n,n) = 1, and T(n,k) = 0 for n < k. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 03 2020

A229593 Number of boomerang patterns appearing in n X n coins, rotation not allowed.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 3, 4, 10, 12, 14, 24, 27, 30, 44, 48, 52, 70, 75, 80, 102, 108, 114, 140, 147, 154, 184, 192, 200, 234, 243, 252, 290, 300, 310, 352, 363, 374, 420, 432, 444, 494, 507, 520, 574, 588, 602, 660, 675, 690, 752, 768

Offset: 2

Kival Ngaokrajang, Sep 26 2013

The boomerang pattern is one of a total of 17 distinct patterns appearing in a 3 X 2 rectangular array of coins where each pattern consists of perimeter parts from each of 6 coins and forms a continuous area. See illustration of 6-curve patterns in links.
a(n) is the number of boomerang patterns appearing in an n X n array of coins with rotation not allowed. The number of inverse patterns is given in A229598.
It appears that a(n+1) is equivalent to n multiplied by the least possible number of addends in the partition in which the addends are multiplied together to produce the largest possible product for all n > 2. E.g., in the case of a(11), we look for partitions of 10, and for each partition we take the product of all its addends. The largest possible product formed is 3*3*2*2 = 3*3*4 = 36. The least possible number of addends here is 3, which we multiply by 10 to get 30. - Laurance L. Y. Lau, Jun 22 2015

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..1000
Kival Ngaokrajang, Illustration of initial terms
Kival Ngaokrajang, Illustration of 6-curve patterns
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,0,2,-2,0,-1,1).

Cf. A074148 (Heart patterns), A229093 (Clubs patterns - fixed orientation), A229154 (Clubs Patterns - rotation allowed)

[(n-1)*Floor(n/3): n in [2..60]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 09 2015

CoefficientList[Series[(2 x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 2 x)/((1 - x^3)^2 (1 - x)), {x, 0, 80}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 10 2013 *)

a(n)=([0,1,0,0,0,0,0; 0,0,1,0,0,0,0; 0,0,0,1,0,0,0; 0,0,0,0,1,0,0; 0,0,0,0,0,1,0; 0,0,0,0,0,0,1; 1,-1,0,-2,2,0,1]^(n-2)*[0;2;3;4;10;12;14])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 16 2015

G.f.: (2*x^6 + x^5 + x^4 + 2*x^3)/((1-x^3)^2 * (1-x)). - Ralf Stephan, Oct 05 2013
3*a(n) = (1-n)^2 -2*A057078(n) +(-1)^n*A110665(n+1). - R. J. Mathar, Oct 09 2013
a(n) = (n-1)*floor(n/3). - Laurance L. Y. Lau, Jun 22 2015

G.f. adapted to the offset by Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 10 2013

A000360 Distribution of nonempty triangles inside a fractal rep-4-tile.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 4, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 2, 6, 3, 5, 2, 5, 4, 7, 2, 6, 4, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 3, 6, 4, 6, 1, 5, 4, 5, 2, 5, 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 6, 2, 7, 5, 6, 2, 8, 5, 9, 4, 8, 5, 7, 1, 7, 6, 9, 4, 11, 6, 9, 3, 8, 6, 10, 3, 8, 5, 5, 1, 6, 4, 8, 4, 9, 6, 9, 2

Offset: 0

M. Jeremie Lafitte (Levitas)

a(n) = Running count of congruent nonempty triangles along lines perpendicular to the base of the Gosper-Lafitte triangle.
Also, a(n) = Sum of the coefficients of the terms with an even exponent in the Stern polynomial B(n+1,t), or in other words, the sum of the even-indexed terms (the leftmost is at index 0) of the irregular triangle A125184, starting from its second row. - Antti Karttunen, Apr 20 2017
Back in May 1995, it was proved that a(n) = modulo 3 mapping, (+1,-1,+0)/2, of the Stern-Brocot sequence A002487, dropping its 1st term. - M. Jeremie Lafitte (Levitas), Apr 23 2017

M. J. Lafitte, Sur l'Effet Noah en Géométrie, rapport à l'INPI, mars 1995.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
S. Klavzar, U. Milutinovic and C. Petr, Stern polynomials, Adv. Appl. Math. 39 (2007) 86-95.
M. J. Lafitte, Ensembles Auto-Similaires d'Intérieur Non-Vide, Preprint Hiver 1997, Chaire de Géometrie, Département de Mathématiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland. [Cached copy, with permission]
M. J. Lafitte, Fractal triangle underlying A000360, A000361, A000876
M. J. Lafitte, Notes on A000360, A000361, A000876 [Based on a latex file sent by M. Jeremie Lafitte (Levitas) to NJAS in 1995 - see file of emails below]
M. J. Lafitte, Latex source for the pdf file [Sent by MJL to NJAS in 1995 - see file of emails below]
M. J. Lafitte and N. J. A. Sloane, Emails, 1995-2007 (The three sequences mentioned in this correspondence are now A000360, A000361, A000876)

Cf. A002487, A000361, A000876.
Cf. A001222, A057078, A125184, A284553, A284556, A284565 (bisection).
Cf. also mutual recurrence pair A287729, A287730.

import Data.List (transpose)
a000360 n = a000360_list !! n
a000360_list = 1 : concat (transpose
   [zipWith (+) a000360_list $ drop 2 a057078_list,
    zipWith (+) a000360_list $ tail a000360_list])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 22 2013
(Scheme, with memoization-macro definec):
(define (A000360 n) (A000360with_prep_0 (+ 1 n)))
(definec (A000360with_prep_0 n) (cond ((<= n 1) n) ((even? n) (A284556 (/ n 2))) (else (+ (A000360with_prep_0 (/ (- n 1) 2)) (A000360with_prep_0 (/ (+ n 1) 2))))))
(definec (A284556 n) (cond ((<= n 1) 0) ((even? n) (A000360with_prep_0 (/ n 2))) (else (+ (A284556 (/ (- n 1) 2)) (A284556 (/ (+ n 1) 2))))))
;; Antti Karttunen, Apr 07 2017

a[0] = 1; a[n_?EvenQ] := a[n] = a[n/2] + a[n/2-1]; a[n_?OddQ] := a[n] = a[(n-1)/2] - Mod[(n-1)/2-1, 3] + 1; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 103}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 20 2015, after Ralf Stephan *)

a(n) = if(n==0, 1, if(n%2, a((n - 1)/2) - ((n - 1)/2 - 1)%3 + 1, a(n/2) + a(n/2 - 1))); \\ Indranil Ghosh, Apr 20 2017

a(3n) = (A002487(3n+1) + 1)/2, a(3n+1) = (A002487(3n+2) - 1)/2, a(3n+2) = A002487(3n+3)/2. - M. Jeremie Lafitte (Levitas), Apr 23 2017
a(0) = 1, a(2n) = a(n) + a(n-1), a(2n+1) = a(n) + 1 - (n-1 mod 3). - Ralf Stephan, Oct 05 2003; Note: according to Ralf Stephan, this formula was found empirically. It follows from that found for the Stern-Brocot sequence A002487 and the first formula. - Antti Karttunen, Apr 21 2017, M. Jeremie Lafitte (Levitas), Apr 23 2017
From Antti Karttunen, Apr 07 2017: (Start)
Ultimately equivalent to the above formulae, we have:
a(n) = A001222(A284553(1+n)).
a(n) = A002487(1+n) - A284556(1+n).
a(n) = b(1+n), with b from a mutual recurrence pair: b(0) = 0, b(1) = 1, b(2n) = c(n), b(2n+1) = b(n) + b(n+1), c(0) = c(1) = 0, c(2n) = b(n), c(2n+1) = c(n) + c(n+1). [c(n) = A284556(n), b(n)+c(n) = A002487(n).]
(End)

More terms from David W. Wilson, Aug 30 2000

Original relation to the Stern-Brocot sequence A002487 reformulated by M. Jeremie Lafitte (Levitas), Apr 23 2017

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A030528 Triangle read by rows: a(n,k) = binomial(k,n-k).

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A057083 Scaled Chebyshev U-polynomials evaluated at sqrt(3)/2; expansion of 1/(1 - 3*x + 3*x^2).

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A301287 Coordination sequence for node of type 3.12.12 in "cph" 2-D tiling (or net).

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A054320 Expansion of g.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 10*x + x^2).

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A000601 Expansion of 1/((1-x)^2*(1-x^2)*(1-x^3)).

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A057081 Even-indexed Chebyshev U-polynomials evaluated at sqrt(11)/2.

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A057083 Scaled Chebyshev U-polynomials evaluated at sqrt(3)/2; expansion of 1/(1 - 3x + 3x^2).

A000601 Expansion of 1/((1-x)^2(1-x^2)(1-x^3)).

A299045 Rectangular array: A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^floor(j/2)binomial(k-floor((j+1)/2), floor(j/2))(-n)^(k-j), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals.