cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 20 results. Next

A001333 Pell-Lucas numbers: numerators of continued fraction convergents to sqrt(2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 7, 17, 41, 99, 239, 577, 1393, 3363, 8119, 19601, 47321, 114243, 275807, 665857, 1607521, 3880899, 9369319, 22619537, 54608393, 131836323, 318281039, 768398401, 1855077841, 4478554083, 10812186007, 26102926097, 63018038201, 152139002499, 367296043199
Offset: 0

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane and R. K. Guy

Keywords

Comments

Number of n-step non-selfintersecting paths starting at (0,0) with steps of types (1,0), (-1,0) or (0,1) [Stanley].
Number of n steps one-sided prudent walks with east, west and north steps. - Shanzhen Gao, Apr 26 2011
Number of ternary strings of length n-1 with subwords (0,2) and (2,0) not allowed. - Olivier Gérard, Aug 28 2012
Number of symmetric 2n X 2 or (2n-1) X 2 crossword puzzle grids: all white squares are edge connected; at least 1 white square on every edge of grid; 180-degree rotational symmetry. - Erich Friedman
a(n+1) is the number of ways to put molecules on a 2 X n ladder lattice so that the molecules do not touch each other.
In other words, a(n+1) is the number of independent vertex sets and vertex covers in the n-ladder graph P_2 X P_n. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 04 2017
Number of (n-1) X 2 binary arrays with a path of adjacent 1's from top row to bottom row, see A359576. - R. H. Hardin, Mar 16 2002
a(2*n+1) with b(2*n+1) := A000129(2*n+1), n >= 0, give all (positive integer) solutions to Pell equation a^2 - 2*b^2 = -1.
a(2*n) with b(2*n) := A000129(2*n), n >= 1, give all (positive integer) solutions to Pell equation a^2 - 2*b^2 = +1 (see Emerson reference).
Bisection: a(2*n) = T(n,3) = A001541(n), n >= 0 and a(2*n+1) = S(2*n,2*sqrt(2)) = A002315(n), n >= 0, with T(n,x), resp. S(n,x), Chebyshev's polynomials of the first, resp. second kind. See A053120, resp. A049310.
Binomial transform of A077957. - Paul Barry, Feb 25 2003
For n > 0, the number of (s(0), s(1), ..., s(n)) such that 0 < s(i) < 4 and |s(i) - s(i-1)| <= 1 for i = 1,2,...,n, s(0) = 2, s(n) = 2. - Herbert Kociemba, Jun 02 2004
For n > 1, a(n) corresponds to the longer side of a near right-angled isosceles triangle, one of the equal sides being A000129(n). - Lekraj Beedassy, Aug 06 2004
Exponents of terms in the series F(x,1), where F is determined by the equation F(x,y) = xy + F(x^2*y,x). - Jonathan Sondow, Dec 18 2004
Number of n-words from the alphabet A={0,1,2} which two neighbors differ by at most 1. - Fung Cheok Yin (cheokyin_restart(AT)yahoo.com.hk), Aug 30 2006
Consider the mapping f(a/b) = (a + 2b)/(a + b). Taking a = b = 1 to start with and carrying out this mapping repeatedly on each new (reduced) rational number gives the following sequence 1/1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29, ... converging to 2^(1/2). Sequence contains the numerators. - Amarnath Murthy, Mar 22 2003 [Amended by Paul E. Black (paul.black(AT)nist.gov), Dec 18 2006]
Odd-indexed prime numerators are prime RMS numbers (A140480) and also NSW primes (A088165). - Ctibor O. Zizka, Aug 13 2008
The intermediate convergents to 2^(1/2) begin with 4/3, 10/7, 24/17, 58/41; essentially, numerators=A052542 and denominators here. - Clark Kimberling, Aug 26 2008
Equals right border of triangle A143966. Starting (1, 3, 7, ...) equals INVERT transform of (1, 2, 2, 2, ...) and row sums of triangle A143966. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 06 2008
Inverse binomial transform of A006012; Hankel transform is := [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 04 2008
From Charlie Marion, Jan 07 2009: (Start)
In general, denominators, a(k,n) and numerators, b(k,n), of continued fraction convergents to sqrt((k+1)/k) may be found as follows:
let a(k,0) = 1, a(k,1) = 2k; for n>0, a(k,2n) = 2*a(k,2n-1) + a(k,2n-2) and a(k,2n+1) = (2k)*a(k,2n) + a(k,2n-1);
let b(k,0) = 1, b(k,1) = 2k+1; for n>0, b(k,2n) = 2*b(k,2n-1) + b(k,2n-2) and b(k,2n+1) = (2k)*b(k,2n) + b(k,2n-1).
For example, the convergents to sqrt(2/1) start 1/1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29.
In general, if a(k,n) and b(k,n) are the denominators and numerators, respectively, of continued fraction convergents to sqrt((k+1)/k) as defined above, then
k*a(k,2n)^2 - a(k,2n-1)*a(k,2n+1) = k = k*a(k,2n-2)*a(k,2n) - a(k,2n-1)^2 and
b(k,2n-1)*b(k,2n+1) - k*b(k,2n)^2 = k+1 = b(k,2n-1)^2 - k*b(k,2n-2)*b(k,2n);
for example, if k=1 and n=3, then b(1,n)=a(n+1) and
1*a(1,6)^2 - a(1,5)*a(1,7) = 1*169^2 - 70*408 = 1;
1*a(1,4)*a(1,6) - a(1,5)^2 = 1*29*169 - 70^2 = 1;
b(1,5)*b(1,7) - 1*b(1,6)^2 = 99*577 - 1*239^2 = 2;
b(1,5)^2 - 1*b(1,4)*b(1,6) = 99^2 - 1*41*239 = 2.
Cf. A000129, A142238-A142239, A153313-A153318.
(End)
This sequence occurs in the lower bound of the order of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel (A048211). - Sameen Ahmed Khan, Jun 28 2010
Let M = a triangle with the Fibonacci series in each column, but the leftmost column is shifted upwards one row. A001333 = lim_{n->infinity} M^n, the left-shifted vector considered as a sequence. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2010
a(n) is the number of compositions of n when there are 1 type of 1 and 2 types of other natural numbers. - Milan Janjic, Aug 13 2010
Equals the INVERTi transform of A055099. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010
From L. Edson Jeffery, Apr 04 2011: (Start)
Let U be the unit-primitive matrix (see [Jeffery])
U = U_(8,2) = (0 0 1 0)
(0 1 0 1)
(1 0 2 0)
(0 2 0 1).
Then a(n) = (1/4)*Trace(U^n). (See also A084130, A006012.)
(End)
For n >= 1, row sums of triangle
m/k.|..0.....1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7
==================================================
.0..|..1
.1..|..1.....2
.2..|..1.....2.....4
.3..|..1.....4.....4.....8
.4..|..1.....4....12.....8....16
.5..|..1.....6....12....32....16....32
.6..|..1.....6....24....32....80....32....64
.7..|..1.....8....24....80....80...192....64...128
which is the triangle for numbers 2^k*C(m,k) with duplicated diagonals. - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 12 2012
a(n) is also the number of ways to place k non-attacking wazirs on a 2 X n board, summed over all k >= 0 (a wazir is a leaper [0,1]). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 08 2012
The sequences a(n) and b(n) := A000129(n) are entries of powers of the special case of the Brahmagupta Matrix - for details see Suryanarayan's paper. Further, as Suryanarayan remark, if we set A = 2*(a(n) + b(n))*b(n), B = a(n)*(a(n) + 2*b(n)), C = a(n)^2 + 2*a(n)*b(n) + 2*b(n)^2 we obtain integral solutions of the Pythagorean relation A^2 + B^2 = C^2, where A and B are consecutive integers. - Roman Witula, Jul 28 2012
Pisano period lengths: 1, 1, 8, 4, 12, 8, 6, 4, 24, 12, 24, 8, 28, 6, 24, 8, 16, 24, 40, 12, .... - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
This sequence and A000129 give the diagonal numbers described by Theon of Smyrna. - Sture Sjöstedt, Oct 20 2012
a(n) is the top left entry of the n-th power of any of the following six 3 X 3 binary matrices: [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 0; 1, 1, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 1; 1, 1, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 0; 1, 0, 1] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 1; 1, 0, 1] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 0; 1, 1, 1]. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 03 2014
If p is prime, a(p) == 1 (mod p) (compare with similar comment for A000032). - Creighton Dement, Oct 11 2005, modified by Davide Colazingari, Jun 26 2016
a(n) = A000129(n) + A000129(n-1), where A000129(n) is the n-th Pell Number; e.g., a(6) = 99 = A000129(6) + A000129(5) = 70 + 29. Hence the sequence of fractions has the form 1 + A000129(n-1)/A000129(n), and the ratio A000129(n-1)/A000129(n)converges to sqrt(2) - 1. - Gregory L. Simay, Nov 30 2018
For n > 0, a(n+1) is the length of tau^n(1) where tau is the morphism: 1 -> 101, 0 -> 1. See Song and Wu. - Michel Marcus, Jul 21 2020
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of nonisomorphic quasitrivial semigroups with n elements, see Devillet, Marichal, Teheux. A292932 is the number of labeled quasitrivial semigroups. - Peter Jipsen, Mar 28 2021
a(n) is the permanent of the n X n tridiagonal matrix defined in A332602. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 12 2022
From Greg Dresden, May 08 2023: (Start)
For n >= 2, 4*a(n) is the number of ways to tile this T-shaped figure of length n-1 with two colors of squares and one color of domino; shown here is the figure of length 5 (corresponding to n=6), and it has 4*a(6) = 396 different tilings.
_
|| _
|||_|||
|_|
(End)
12*a(n) = number of walks of length n in the cyclic Kautz digraph CK(3,4). - Miquel A. Fiol, Feb 15 2024

Examples

			Convergents are 1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29, 99/70, 239/169, 577/408, 1393/985, 3363/2378, 8119/5741, 19601/13860, 47321/33461, 114243/80782, ... = A001333/A000129.
The 15 3 X 2 crossword grids, with white squares represented by an o:
  ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo oo. o.o .oo o.. .o. ..o oo. .oo
  ooo oo. o.o .oo o.. .o. ..o ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo .oo oo.
G.f. = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 17*x^4 + 41*x^5 + 99*x^6 + 239*x^7 + 577*x^8 + ...

References

  • M. R. Bacon and C. K. Cook, Some properties of Oresme numbers and convolutions ..., Fib. Q., 62:3 (2024), 233-240.
  • A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers. New York: Dover, pp. 122-125, 1964.
  • John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See p. 204.
  • John Derbyshire, Prime Obsession, Joseph Henry Press, April 2004, see p. 16.
  • J. Devillet, J.-L. Marichal, and B. Teheux, Classifications of quasitrivial semigroups, Semigroup Forum, 100 (2020), 743-764.
  • Maribel Díaz Noguera [Maribel Del Carmen Díaz Noguera], Rigoberto Flores, Jose L. Ramirez, and Martha Romero Rojas, Catalan identities for generalized Fibonacci polynomials, Fib. Q., 62:2 (2024), 100-111.
  • Kenneth Edwards and Michael A. Allen, A new combinatorial interpretation of the Fibonacci numbers squared, Part II, Fib. Q., 58:2 (2020), 169-177.
  • R. P. Grimaldi, Ternary strings with no consecutive 0's and no consecutive 1's, Congressus Numerantium, 205 (2011), 129-149.
  • Jan Gullberg, Mathematics from the Birth of Numbers, W. W. Norton & Co., NY & London, 1997, §8.5 The Fibonacci and Related Sequences, p. 288.
  • A. F. Horadam, R. P. Loh, and A. G. Shannon, Divisibility properties of some Fibonacci-type sequences, pp. 55-64 of Combinatorial Mathematics VI (Armidale 1978), Lect. Notes Math. 748, 1979.
  • Thomas Koshy, Pell and Pell-Lucas Numbers with Applications, Springer, New York, 2014.
  • Kin Y. Li, Math Problem Book I, 2001, p. 24, Problem 159.
  • I. Niven and H. S. Zuckerman, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. 2nd ed., Wiley, NY, 1966, p. 102, Problem 10.
  • J. Roberts, Lure of the Integers, Math. Assoc. America, 1992, p. 224.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Volume 1 (1986), p. 203, Example 4.1.2.
  • A. Tarn, Approximations to certain square roots and the series of numbers connected therewith, Mathematical Questions and Solutions from the Educational Times, 1 (1916), 8-12.
  • R. C. Tilley et al., The cell growth problem for filaments, Proc. Louisiana Conf. Combinatorics, ed. R. C. Mullin et al., Baton Rouge, 1970, 310-339.
  • David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, Revised edition 1987, p. 34.

Links

Crossrefs

For denominators see A000129.
See A040000 for the continued fraction expansion of sqrt(2).
See also A078057 which is the same sequence without the initial 1.
Cf. also A002203, A152113.
Row sums of unsigned Chebyshev T-triangle A053120. a(n)= A054458(n, 0) (first column of convolution triangle).
Row sums of A140750, A160756, A135837.
Equals A034182(n-1) + 2 and A084128(n)/2^n. First differences of A052937. Partial sums of A052542. Pairwise sums of A048624. Bisection of A002965.
The following sequences (and others) belong to the same family: A001333, A000129, A026150, A002605, A046717, A015518, A084057, A063727, A002533, A002532, A083098, A083099, A083100, A015519.
Second row of the array in A135597.
Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285, A174286, A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502.
Cf. A055099.
Cf. A028859, A001906 / A088305, A033303, A000225, A095263, A003945, A006356, A002478, A214260, A001911 and A000217 for other restricted ternary words.
Cf. Triangle A106513 (alternating row sums).
Equals A293004 + 1.
Cf. A033539, A332602, A086395 (subseq. of primes).

Programs

  • Haskell
    a001333 n = a001333_list !! n
a001333_list = 1 : 1 : zipWith (+)
                       a001333_list (map (* 2) $ tail a001333_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 08 2012
  • Magma
    [n le 2 select 1 else 2*Self(n-1)+Self(n-2): n in [1..35]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 10 2018
  • Maple
    A001333 := proc(n) option remember; if n=0 then 1 elif n=1 then 1 else 2*procname(n-1)+procname(n-2) fi end;
Digits := 50; A001333 := n-> round((1/2)*(1+sqrt(2))^n);
with(numtheory): cf := cfrac (sqrt(2),1000): [seq(nthnumer(cf,i), i=0..50)];
a:= n-> (M-> M[2, 1]+M[2, 2])(<<2|1>, <1|0>>^n):
seq(a(n), n=0..33);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 01 2008
A001333List := proc(m) local A, P, n; A := [1,1]; P := [1,1];
for n from 1 to m - 2 do P := ListTools:-PartialSums([op(A), P[-2]]);
A := [op(A), P[-1]] od; A end: A001333List(32); # Peter Luschny, Mar 26 2022
  • Mathematica
    Insert[Table[Numerator[FromContinuedFraction[ContinuedFraction[Sqrt[2], n]]], {n, 1, 40}], 1, 1] (* Stefan Steinerberger, Apr 08 2006 *)
Table[((1 - Sqrt[2])^n + (1 + Sqrt[2])^n)/2, {n, 0, 29}] // Simplify (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
a[0] = 1; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = 2a[n - 1] + a[n - 2]; Table[a@n, {n, 0, 29}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
Table[ MatrixPower[{{1, 2}, {1, 1}}, n][[1, 1]], {n, 0, 30}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
a=c=0;t={b=1}; Do[c=a+b+c; AppendTo[t,c]; a=b;b=c,{n,40}]; t (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Mar 23 2009 *)
LinearRecurrence[{2, 1}, {1, 1}, 40] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Mar 23 2009 *)
Join[{1}, Numerator[Convergents[Sqrt[2], 30]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 22 2011 *)
Table[(-I)^n ChebyshevT[n, I], {n, 10}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 04 2017 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(-1 + x)/(-1 + 2 x + x^2), {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 21 2017 *)
Table[Sqrt[(ChebyshevT[n, 3] + (-1)^n)/2], {n, 0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 17 2018 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<0, (-1)^n, 1) * contfracpnqn( vector( abs(n), i, 1 + (i>1))) [1, 1]}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012 */
  • PARI
    {a(n) = polchebyshev(n, 1, I) / I^n}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012 */
  • PARI
    a(n) = real((1 + quadgen(8))^n); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 16 2021
  • PARI
    { for (n=0, 4000, a=contfracpnqn(vector(n, i, 1+(i>1)))[1, 1]; if (a > 10^(10^3 - 6), break); write("b001333.txt", n, " ", a); ); } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 12 2009
  • Python
    from functools import cache
@cache
def a(n): return 1 if n < 2 else 2*a(n-1) + a(n-2)
print([a(n) for n in range(32)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Nov 13 2022
  • Sage
    from sage.combinat.sloane_functions import recur_gen2
it = recur_gen2(1,1,2,1)
[next(it) for i in range(30)] ## Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 24 2008
  • Sage
    [lucas_number2(n,2,-1)/2 for n in range(0, 30)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 30 2009

Formula

a(n) = A055642(A125058(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 02 2007
a(n) = 2a(n-1) + a(n-2);
a(n) = ((1-sqrt(2))^n + (1+sqrt(2))^n)/2.
a(n)+a(n+1) = 2 A000129(n+1). 2*a(n) = A002203(n).
G.f.: (1 - x) / (1 - 2*x - x^2) = 1 / (1 - x / (1 - 2*x / (1 + x))). - Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation.
A000129(2n) = 2*A000129(n)*a(n). - John McNamara, Oct 30 2002
a(n) = (-i)^n * T(n, i), with T(n, x) Chebyshev's polynomials of the first kind A053120 and i^2 = -1.
a(n) = a(n-1) + A052542(n-1), n>1. a(n)/A052542(n) converges to sqrt(1/2). - Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Apr 29 2003
E.g.f.: exp(x)cosh(x*sqrt(2)). - Paul Barry, May 08 2003
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n, 2k)2^k. - Paul Barry, May 13 2003
For n > 0, a(n)^2 - (1 + (-1)^(n))/2 = Sum_{k=0..n-1} ((2k+1)*A001653(n-1-k)); e.g., 17^2 - 1 = 288 = 1*169 + 3*29 + 5*5 + 7*1; 7^2 = 49 = 1*29 + 3*5 + 5*1. - Charlie Marion, Jul 18 2003
a(n+2) = A078343(n+1) + A048654(n). - Creighton Dement, Jan 19 2005
a(n) = A000129(n) + A000129(n-1) = A001109(n)/A000129(n) = sqrt(A001110(n)/A000129(n)^2) = ceiling(sqrt(A001108(n))). - Henry Bottomley, Apr 18 2000
Also the first differences of A000129 (the Pell numbers) because A052937(n) = A000129(n+1) + 1. - Graeme McRae, Aug 03 2006
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A122542(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 08 2006
For another recurrence see A000129.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A098158(n,k)*2^(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 26 2007
a(n) = upper left and lower right terms of [1,1; 2,1]^n. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 12 2008
If p[1]=1, and p[i]=2, (i>1), and if A is Hessenberg matrix of order n defined by: A[i,j]=p[j-i+1], (i<=j), A[i,j]=-1, (i=j+1), and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n)=det A. - Milan Janjic, Apr 29 2010
For n>=2, a(n)=F_n(2)+F_(n+1)(2), where F_n(x) is Fibonacci polynomial (cf. A049310): F_n(x) = Sum_{i=0..floor((n-1)/2)} binomial(n-i-1,i)x^(n-2*i-1). - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 13 2012
a(-n) = (-1)^n * a(n). - Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012
Dirichlet g.f.: (PolyLog(s,1-sqrt(2)) + PolyLog(s,1+sqrt(2)))/2. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jun 26 2016
a(n) = A000129(n) - A000129(n-1), where A000129(n) is the n-th Pell Number. Hence the continued fraction is of the form 1-(A000129(n-1)/A000129(n)). - Gregory L. Simay, Nov 09 2018
a(n) = (A000129(n+3) + A000129(n-3))/10, n>=3. - Paul Curtz, Jun 16 2021
a(n) = (A000129(n+6) - A000129(n-6))/140, n>=6. - Paul Curtz, Jun 20 2021
a(n) = round((1/2)*sqrt(Product_{k=1..n} 4*(1 + sin(k*Pi/n)^2))), for n>=1. - Greg Dresden, Dec 28 2021
a(n)^2 + a(n+1)^2 = A075870(n+1) = 2*(b(n)^2 + b(n+1)^2) for all n in Z where b(n) := A000129(n). - Michael Somos, Apr 02 2022
a(n) = 2*A048739(n-2)+1. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 01 2024
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 1.5766479516393275911191017828913332473... - R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2024
From Peter Bala, Jul 06 2025: (Start)
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1) * x^(n-1) * Product_{k = 1..n} (1 - k*x)/(1 - 3*x + k*x^2).
The following series telescope:
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n) + 1/a(2*n)) = 1/4, since 1/(a(2*n) + 1/a(2*n)) = 1/A077445(n) + 1/A077445(n+1).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n+1) - 1/a(2*n+1)) = 1/8, since. 1/(a(2*n+1) - 1/a(2*n+1)) = 1/(4*Pell(2*n)) + 1/(4*Pell(2*n+2)), where Pell(n) = A000129(n).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n+1) + 9/a(2*n+1)) = 1/10, since 1/(a(2*n+1) + 9/a(2*n+1)) = b(n) + b(n+1), where b(n) = A001109(n)/(2*Pell(2*n-1)*Pell(2*n+1)).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n)*a(n+1)) = 1 - sqrt(2)/2 = A268682, since (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n)*a(n+1)) = Pell(n)/a(n) - Pell(n+1)/a(n+1). (End)

Extensions

Chebyshev comments from Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 10 2003

A069417 Number of 3 X n binary arrays with a path of adjacent 1's and no path of adjacent 0's from top row to bottom row.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 15, 147, 1231, 9539, 70679, 509019, 3596367, 25070707, 173088903, 1186544331, 8090866303, 54950124515, 372067098167, 2513408596923, 16948369098159, 114128268554323, 767705581586151, 5159843165163435, 34657637020377055, 232672006452068291, 1561421588852637335
Offset: 1

Views

Author

R. H. Hardin, Mar 22 2002

Keywords

Examples

			From _Andrew Howroyd_, Oct 27 2020: (Start)
Some of the a(2) = 15 arrays are:
  1 0   1 0   1 0   1 1   1 0
  1 1   1 0   1 1   1 1   1 1
  1 0   1 1   1 1   1 1   0 1
(End)

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. 2 X n A001047, n X 2 A034182, vertical path of 1 A069361-A069395, vertical paths of 0+1 A069396-A069416, vertical path of 1 not 0 A069417-A069428, no vertical paths A069429-A069447, no horizontal or vertical paths A069448-A069452.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    LinearRecurrence[{13, -48, 40, -8}, {1, 15, 147, 1231}, 25] (* Paolo Xausa, Feb 08 2024 *)
  • PARI
    Vec((1 + 2*x)/((1 - 7*x + 2*x^2)*(1 - 6*x + 4*x^2)) + O(x^25)) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 27 2020

Formula

From Andrew Howroyd, Oct 27 2020: (Start)
a(n) = A069361(n) - 2*A069396(n).
a(n) = 13*a(n-1) - 48*a(n-2) + 40*a(n-3) - 8*a(n-4) for n > 4.
G.f.: x*(1 + 2*x)/((1 - 7*x + 2*x^2)*(1 - 6*x + 4*x^2)).
(End)

Extensions

Terms a(12) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Oct 27 2020

A069428 Number of n X 8 binary arrays with a path of adjacent 1's and no path of adjacent 0's from top row to bottom row.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6305, 3596367, 1201461339
Offset: 1

Views

Author

R. H. Hardin, Mar 22 2002

Keywords

Crossrefs

Cf. 2 X n A001047, n X 2 A034182, vertical path of 1 A069361-A069395, vertical paths of 0+1 A069396-A069416, vertical path of 1 not 0 A069417-A069428, no vertical paths A069429-A069447, no horizontal or vertical paths A069448-A069452.

A266213 Square array A(n,r), the number of neighbors at a sharp Manhattan distance r in a finite n-hypercube lattice, read by upwards antidiagonals; A(n,r) = Sum_{k=0..min(n,r)} binomial(r-1,k-1)*binomial(n,k)* 2^k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 4, 2, 0, 1, 6, 8, 2, 0, 1, 8, 18, 12, 2, 0, 1, 10, 32, 38, 16, 2, 0, 1, 12, 50, 88, 66, 20, 2, 0, 1, 14, 72, 170, 192, 102, 24, 2, 0, 1, 16, 98, 292, 450, 360, 146, 28, 2, 0, 1, 18, 128, 462, 912, 1002, 608, 198, 32, 2, 0
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Dmitry Zaitsev, Dec 24 2015

Keywords

Comments

In an n-dimensional hypercube lattice, the array A(n,r) gives the number of nodes situated at a Manhattan distance equal to r, counting the current node. When counting coordinate offsets for neighboring nodes, binomial(n,k) chooses k nonzero coordinates from n coordinates, binomial(r-1,k-1) partitions the number r as the sum of exactly k nonzero numbers, and 2^k counts combinations of signs for coordinate offsets; starting indexing from 0 adds 1, which counts the current node.
In cellular automata theory, the cell surrounding with Manhattan distance less than or equal to r is called the von Neumann neighborhood of radius r or the diamond-shaped neighborhood to distinguish it from other generalizations of the von Neumann neighborhood for radius r>1, for instance, as a neighborhood having a difference in the range from -r to r in exactly one coordinate (the "narrow" von Neumann neighborhood of radius r).
The square array of partial sums of A(n,r) on rows gives us the Delannoy numbers A008288, which correspond to the number of nodes in the diamond-shaped neighborhood of radius r. - Dmitry Zaitsev, Dec 24 2015
For n >= 2, the term A(n,r) gives the number of polyominoes of bounding box 2 x (r+n-1) of area (r + 2(n-1)). Let A'(n,k) be the table A(n,k) without the first two rows. The sum of the terms in the i-th anti-diagonal of A'(n,k) gives the i-th term of A034182. - Louis Marin, Dec 11 2024

Examples

			The array A(n, k) begins:
n \ k  0  1   2   3    4     5     6      7      8      9
---------------------------------------------------------
0:     1  0   0   0    0     0     0      0      0      0
1:     1  2   2   2    2     2     2      2      2      2
2:     1  4   8  12   16    20    24     28     32     36
3:     1  6  18  38   66   102   146    198    258    326
4:     1  8  32  88  192   360   608    952   1408   1992
5:     1 10  50 170  450  1002  1970   3530   5890   9290
6:     1 12  72 292  912  2364  5336  10836  20256  35436
7:     1 14  98 462 1666  4942 12642  28814  59906 115598
8:     1 16 128 688 2816  9424 27008  68464 157184 332688
9:     1 18 162 978 4482 16722 53154 148626 374274 864146
...
For instance, in a 5-hypercube lattice there are 170 nodes situated at a Manhattan distance of 3 for a chosen node.
The triangle T(m, r) begins:
m\r 0  1   2   3   4    5   6   7  8 9 10 ...
0:  1
1:  1  0
2:  1  2   0
3:  1  4   2   0
4:  1  6   8   2   0
5:  1  8  18  12   2    0
6:  1 10  32  38  16    2   0
7:  1 12  50  88  66   20   2   0
8:  1 14  72 170 192  102  24   2  0
9:  1 16  98 292 450  360 146  28  2 0
10: 1 18 128 462 912 1002 608 198 32 2  0
... Formatted by _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jan 31 2016

Links

Crossrefs

Other versions: A035607, A113413, A119800, A122542.
Partial sums on rows of A give A008288.
Cf. A001333 (row sums of T). A057077 (alternating row sums of T). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 31 2016

Programs

  • Maple
    # Prints the array by rows.
gf := n -> ((1 + x)/(1 - x))^n: ser := n -> series(gf(n), x, 40):
seq(lprint(seq(coeff(ser(n), x, k), k=0..6)), n=0..9); # Peter Luschny, Mar 20 2020
  • Mathematica
    Table[Sum[Binomial[r - 1, k - 1] Binomial[n - r, k] 2^k, {k, 0, Min[n - r, r]}], {n, 0, 10}, {r, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 24 2015 *)
  • Python
    from sympy import binomial
def T(n, r):
    if r==0: return 1
    return sum(binomial(r - 1, k - 1) * binomial(n - r, k) * 2**k for k in range(min(n - r, r) + 1))
for n in range(11): print([T(n, r) for r in range(n + 1)]) # Indranil Ghosh, May 23 2017

Formula

A(n, 0)=1, n>=0, A(0, r)=0, r>0.
A(n, r) = A(n, r-1) + A(n-1, r-1) + A(n-1, r).
A(n, r) = Sum_{k=0..min(n,r)} binomial(r-1,k-1)*binomial(n,k)*2^k.
Triangle T(m, r) = A(m-r, r), n >= 0, 0 <= r <= n, otherwise 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 31 2016
A(n, k) = [x^k] ((1 + x)/(1 - x))^n. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, May 23 2017

A292357 Array read by antidiagonals: T(m,n) is the number of fixed polyominoes that have a width of m and height of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 15, 15, 1, 1, 39, 111, 39, 1, 1, 97, 649, 649, 97, 1, 1, 237, 3495, 7943, 3495, 237, 1, 1, 575, 18189, 86995, 86995, 18189, 575, 1, 1, 1391, 93231, 910667, 1890403, 910667, 93231, 1391, 1
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Andrew Howroyd, Oct 02 2017

Keywords

Comments

Equivalently, the number of m X n binary arrays with all 1's connected and at least one 1 on each edge.

Examples

			Array begins:
===============================================================
m\n| 1   2     3       4         5           6             7
---|-----------------------------------------------------------
1  | 1   1     1       1         1           1             1...
2  | 1   5    15      39        97         237           575...
3  | 1  15   111     649      3495       18189         93231...
4  | 1  39   649    7943     86995      910667       9339937...
5  | 1  97  3495   86995   1890403    38916067     782256643...
6  | 1 237 18189  910667  38916067  1562052227   61025668579...
7  | 1 575 93231 9339937 782256643 61025668579 4617328590967...
...
T(2,2) = 5 counts 4 3-ominoes of shape 2x2 and 1 4-omino of shape 2x2.
T(3,2) = 15 counts 8 4-ominoes of shape 3x2, 6 5-ominoes of shape 3x2, and 1 6-omino of shape 3x2.
T(4,2) = 39 counts 12 5-ominoes of shape 4x2, 18 6-ominoes of shape 4x2, 8 7-ominoes of shape 4x2, and 1 8-omino of shape 4x2.

Links

Crossrefs

Rows 2..4 are A034182, A034184, A034187.
Main diagonal is A268404.
Cf. A268371 (nonequivalent), A287151, A308359.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    A287151 = Import["https://oeis.org/A287151/b287151.txt", "Table"][[All, 2]];
imax = Length[A287151];
mmax = Sqrt[2 imax] // Ceiling;
Clear[V]; VV = Table[V[m-n+1, n], {m, 1, mmax}, {n, 1, m}] // Flatten;
Do[Evaluate[VV[[i]]] = A287151[[i]], {i, 1, imax}];
V[0, ] = V[, 0] = 0;
T[m_, n_] := If[m == 1 || n == 1, 1, U[m, n] - 2 U[m, n-1] + U[m, n-2]];
U[m_, n_] := V[m, n] - 2 V[m-1, n] + V[m-2, n];
Table[T[m-n+1, n], {m, 1, mmax}, {n, 1, m}] // Flatten // Take[#, imax]& (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 22 2019 *)

Formula

T(m, n) = U(m, n) - 2*U(m, n-1) + U(m, n-2) where U(m, n) = V(m, n) - 2*V(m-1, n) + V(m-2, n) and V(m, n) = A287151(m, n).

A034184 Not necessarily symmetric n X 3 crossword puzzle grids.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 15, 111, 649, 3495, 18189, 93231, 474479, 2406621, 12187137, 61668609, 311938233, 1577602849, 7977940187, 40342860995, 204001993697, 1031568839407, 5216271035257, 26376744398811, 133377264694375
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Erich Friedman

Keywords

Links

Crossrefs

Row 3 of A292357.
Column sums of A059679.
Cf. A001333, A034182, A034184, A034185, A034186, A034187.

Formula

Appears to obey a 9-term linear recurrence. - Ralf Stephan, May 05 2004
Empirical g.f.: -x*(x^8-x^7-2*x^6-9*x^5+14*x^4-11*x^3-6*x^2+5*x+1) / ((x-1)*(x^2+2*x-1)*(x^6-7*x^5+x^4+6*x^3-11*x^2+7*x-1)). - Colin Barker, Jun 09 2013

A059678 Triangle T(n,k) giving number of fixed 2 X k polyominoes with n cells (n >= 2, 1<=k<=n-1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 4, 0, 1, 8, 0, 0, 6, 12, 0, 0, 1, 18, 16, 0, 0, 0, 8, 38, 20, 0, 0, 0, 1, 32, 66, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 88, 102, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 50, 192, 146, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 170, 360, 198, 36, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 72, 450, 608, 258, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 292, 1002, 952, 326, 44, 0, 0, 0
Offset: 2

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 05 2001

Keywords

Examples

			Triangle begins:
1;
0, 4;
0, 1, 8;
0, 0, 6, 12;
0, 0, 1, 18, 16;
0, 0, 0,  8, 38, 20;
0, 0, 0,  1, 32, 66, 24;
...

Links

Crossrefs

Column sums are A034182.
Cf. A059679, A059680, A059681, A059682.

Programs

  • Maple
    with(combinat): for n from 2 to 30 do for k from 1 to n-1 do printf(`%d,`,sum(binomial(n-k+1, 2*k-n-v)*binomial(n-k+v, n-k), v=0..k) ) od:od:
  • Mathematica
    t[n_, k_] := Sum[Binomial[n-k+1, 2*k-n-v]*Binomial[n-k+v, n-k], {v, 0, k}]; Table[t[n, k], {n, 2, 15}, {k, 1, n-1}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 20 2013 *)

Formula

T(n, k) = Sum_v C(n-k+1, 2*k-n-v)*C(n-k+v, n-k).
G.f. (1+x*y)^2/(1-x*y)*1/((1-x*y)-(1+x*y)*x^2*y). - Christopher Hanusa (chanusa(AT)math.washington.edu), Sep 22 2004
T(n,k) = 0 for n > 2*k. - Andrew Howroyd, Oct 02 2017

Extensions

More terms from James Sellers, Feb 06 2001

A232103 Square array read by antidiagonals: T(m,n) = number of ways of drawing a simple loop on an m x n rectangular lattice of dots in such a way that it touches each edge.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 1, 1, 15, 15, 1, 1, 39, 106, 39, 1, 1, 97, 582, 582, 97, 1, 1, 237, 2952, 6074, 2952, 237, 1, 1, 575, 14488, 56778, 56778, 14488, 575, 1, 1, 1391, 69982, 510600, 943340, 510600, 69982, 1391, 1, 1, 3361, 335356, 4502836, 15009212, 15009212
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Douglas Boffey, Nov 21 2013

Keywords

Comments

This sequence is to be read as a table:
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...
1, 5, 15, 39, ...
1, 15, 106, ...
1, 39, ...
1, ...
...
This represents the number of simple, closed loops that can be formed on an m x n lattice of dots in such a way that it touches each edge.
This sequence is related to A231829, called b(i,j) by a(i,j) = b(i,j) - 2 * b(i,j-1) + b(i,j-2) - 2 * b(i-1,j) + 4 * b(i-1,j-1) - 2 * b(j-1,j-2) + b(i-2,j) - 2 * b(i-2,j-1) + b(i-2,j-2).
Equivalently, the number of fixed polyominoes without holes that have a width of m and height of n. - Andrew Howroyd, Oct 04 2017

Examples

			Array begins:
==============================================================
m\n| 1   2     3       4         5           6            7
---|----------------------------------------------------------
1  | 1   1     1       1         1           1            1...
2  | 1   5    15      39        97         237          575...
3  | 1  15   106     582      2952       14488        69982...
4  | 1  39   582    6074     56778      510600      4502836...
5  | 1  97  2952   56778    943340    15009212    234411981...
6  | 1 237 14488  510600  15009212   419355340  11509163051...
7  | 1 575 69982 4502836 234411981 11509163051 554485727288...
... - _Andrew Howroyd_, Oct 04 2017
a(3,2) is 15, thus:
1)        2)        3)        4)        5)
+-+-+-+   +-+-+-+   + +-+-+   +-+-+-+   +-+-+-+
|     |   |     |     |   |   |     |   |     |
+ +-+-+   +-+ +-+   +-+ +-+   + + +-+   +-+-+ +
| |         | |     |   |     |   |         | |
+-+ + +   + +-+ +   +-+-+ +   +-+-+ +   + + +-+
6)        7)        8)        9)        10)
+-+-+-+   +-+-+ +   +-+-+-+   +-+ + +   + +-+ +
|     |   |   |     |     |   | |         | |
+ +-+ +   +-+ +-+   +-+ + +   + +-+-+   +-+ +-+
| | | |     |   |     |   |   |     |   |     |
+-+ +-+   + +-+-+   + +-+-+   +-+-+-+   +-+-+-+
11)       12)       13)       14)       15)
+-+-+ +   + + +-+   +-+ +-+   + +-+-+   +-+-+-+
|   |         | |   | | | |     |   |   |     |
+   +-+   +-+-+ +   + +-+ +   +-+ + +   + + + +
|     |   |     |   |     |   |     |   |     |
+-+-+-+   +-+-+-+   +-+-+-+   +-+-+-+   +-+-+-+

Links

Crossrefs

Rows 2-3 are A034182, A293263.
Main diagonal is A293261.
Cf. A231829, A292357.

Formula

T(m, n) = U(m, n) - 2*U(m, n-1) + U(m, n-2) where U(m, n) = V(m, n) - 2*V(m-1, n) + V(m-2, n) and V(m, n) = A231829(m, n). - Andrew Howroyd, Oct 04 2017

A163037 Number of nX2 binary arrays with all 1s connected and a path of 1s from left column to right column.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 7, 28, 88, 245, 639, 1608, 3968, 9689, 23527, 56964, 137720, 332717, 803519, 1940176, 4684352, 11309425, 27303815, 65917740, 159140056, 384198693, 927538367, 2239276440, 5406092352, 13051462345, 31509018343, 76069500436
Offset: 1

Views

Author

R. H. Hardin Jul 20 2009

Keywords

Comments

Sum of the elements in the first n rows of the triangle defined in the comment in A034182: 1; 3,3; 7,7,7;... (if the empirical recurrence is correct). - J. M. Bergot, Mar 22 2013

Links

Formula

Empirical: a(n)=5*a(n-1)-8*a(n-2)+4*a(n-3)+a(n-4)-a(n-5) = A001333(n+3)/2 -A097080(n+1)/2. G.f.: x*(1+x)^2/((x^2+2*x-1)*(x-1)^3). [From R. J. Mathar, Aug 11 2009]

A069418 Number of 4 X n binary arrays with a path of adjacent 1's and no path of adjacent 0's from top row to bottom row.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 39, 907, 17339, 300651, 4927163, 77892523, 1201461339
Offset: 1

Views

Author

R. H. Hardin, Mar 22 2002

Keywords

Crossrefs

Cf. 2 X n A001047, n X 2 A034182, vertical path of 1 A069361-A069395, vertical paths of 0+1 A069396-A069416, vertical path of 1 not 0 A069417-A069428, no vertical paths A069429-A069447, no horizontal or vertical paths A069448-A069452.
Showing 1-10 of 20 results. Next

Started in 1964 by Neil J. A. Sloane | Maintained by The OEIS Foundation Inc.

Content is available under The OEIS End-User License Agreement.