cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A056665 Number of equivalence classes of n-valued Post functions of 1 variable under action of complementing group C(1,n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 11, 70, 629, 7826, 117655, 2097684, 43046889, 1000010044, 25937424611, 743008623292, 23298085122493, 793714780783770, 29192926025492783, 1152921504875290696, 48661191875666868497, 2185911559749720272442, 104127350297911241532859
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Vladeta Jovovic, Aug 09 2000

Keywords

Comments

Diagonal of arrays defined in A054630 and A054631.
Given n colors, a(n) = number of necklaces with n beads and 1 up to n colors effectively assigned to them (super_labeled: which also generates n different monochrome necklaces). - Wouter Meeussen, Aug 09 2002
Number of endofunctions on a set with n objects up to cyclic permutation (rotation). E.g., for n = 3, the 11 endofunctions are 1,1,1; 2,2,2; 3,3,3; 1,1,2; 1,2,2; 1,1,3; 1,3,3; 2,2,3; 2,3,3; 1,2,3; and 1,3,2. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jan 17 2007
Also number of pre-necklaces in Sigma(n,n) (see Ruskey and others). - Peter Luschny, Aug 12 2012
From Olivier Gérard, Aug 01 2016: (Start)
Decomposition of the endofunctions by class size.
.
n | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
--+----------------------------------
1 | 1
2 | 2 1
3 | 3 0 8
4 | 4 6 0 60
5 | 5 0 0 0 624
6 | 6 15 70 0 0 7735
7 | 7 0 0 0 0 0 117648
.
The right diagonal gives the number of Lyndon Words or aperiodic necklaces, A075147. By multiplying each column by the corresponding size and summing, one gets A000312.
(End)

Examples

			The 11 necklaces for n=3 are (grouped by partition of 3): (RRR,GGG,BBB),(RRG,RGG, RRB,RBB, GGB,GBB), (RGB,RBG).
		

References

  • D. E. Knuth. Generating All Tuples and Permutations. The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 4, Fascicle 2, 7.2.1.1. Addison-Wesley, 2005.

Crossrefs

Diagonal of arrays defined in A054630, A054631 and A075195.
Cf. A075147 Aperiodic necklaces, a subset of this sequence.
Cf. A000169 Classes under translation mod n
Cf. A168658 Classes under complement to n+1
Cf. A130293 Classes under translation and rotation
Cf. A081721 Classes under rotation and reversal
Cf. A275549 Classes under reversal
Cf. A275550 Classes under reversal and complement
Cf. A275551 Classes under translation and reversal
Cf. A275552 Classes under translation and complement
Cf. A275553 Classes under translation, complement and reversal
Cf. A275554 Classes under translation, rotation and complement
Cf. A275555 Classes under translation, rotation and reversal
Cf. A275556 Classes under translation, rotation, complement and reversal
Cf. A275557 Classes under rotation and complement
Cf. A275558 Classes under rotation, complement and reversal
Cf. A228640.

Programs

  • Maple
    with(numtheory):
    a:= n-> add(phi(d)*n^(n/d), d=divisors(n))/n:
    seq(a(n), n=1..25);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jun 18 2013
  • Mathematica
    Table[Fold[ #1+EulerPhi[ #2] n^(n/#2)&, 0, Divisors[n]]/n, {n, 7}]
  • PARI
    a(n) = sum(k=1,n,n^gcd(k,n)) / n; \\ Joerg Arndt, Mar 19 2017
  • Sage
    # This algorithm counts all n-ary n-tuples (a_1,..,a_n) such that the string a_1...a_n is preprime. It is algorithm F in Knuth 7.2.1.1.
    def A056665_list(n):
        C = []
        for m in (1..n):
            a = [0]*(n+1); a[0]=-1;
            j = 1; count = 0
            while(true):
                if m%j == 0 : count += 1;
                j = n
                while a[j] >= m-1 : j -= 1
                if j == 0 : break
                a[j] += 1
                for k in (j+1..n): a[k] = a[k-j]
            C.append(count)
        return C
    
  • Sage
    def A056665(n): return sum(euler_phi(d)*n^(n//d)//n for d in divisors(n))
    [A056665(n) for n in (1..18)] # Peter Luschny, Aug 12 2012
    

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{d|n} phi(d)*n^(n/d)/n.
a(n) ~ n^(n-1). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 11 2014
a(n) = (1/n) * Sum_{k=1..n} n^gcd(k,n). - Joerg Arndt, Mar 19 2017
a(n) = [x^n] -Sum_{k>=1} phi(k)*log(1 - n*x^k)/k. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Mar 21 2018
From Richard L. Ollerton, May 07 2021: (Start)
a(n) = (1/n)*Sum_{k=1..n} n^(n/gcd(n,k))*phi(gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)).
a(n) = (1/n)*A228640(n). (End)

A062206 a(n) = n^(2n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 16, 729, 65536, 9765625, 2176782336, 678223072849, 281474976710656, 150094635296999121, 100000000000000000000, 81402749386839761113321, 79496847203390844133441536, 91733330193268616658399616009, 123476695691247935826229781856256
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Jason Earls, Jun 13 2001

Keywords

Comments

a(n) is also the number of sequences of length 2n on n symbols. - Washington Bomfim, Oct 06 2009
a(n) is the number of endofunctions on [n] that map each even number to an even number and each odd number to an odd number. - Enrique Navarrete, Sep 30 2022

Crossrefs

Column k=0 of A245910 and A245980.

Programs

Formula

a(n) = A000312(n)^2 = A000290(n)^n.
(-1)^n*determinant of the 2n X 2n matrix M_(i, j) = i+j if (i + j) is a multiple of n, M_(i, j) = 1 otherwise. - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 06 2003
a(n) = A155955(n,n) = A000290(A000312(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 31 2009
a(n) = n! * [x^n] 1/(1 + LambertW(-n*x)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Oct 03 2017
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = A086648. - Amiram Eldar, Nov 16 2020

Extensions

Initial term corrected by Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 30 2009

A053506 a(n) = (n-1)*n^(n-2).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 6, 48, 500, 6480, 100842, 1835008, 38263752, 900000000, 23579476910, 681091006464, 21505924728444, 737020860878848, 27246730957031250, 1080863910568919040, 45798768824157052688, 2064472028642102280192, 98646963440126439346902, 4980736000000000000000000
Offset: 1

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 15 2000

Keywords

Comments

a(n) is the number of endofunctions f of [n] which interchange a pair a<->b and for all x in [n] some iterate f^k(x) = a. E.g., a(3) = 6: 1<->2<-3; 3->1<->2; 2<->3<-1; 1->2<->3; 1<->3<-2; 2->1<->3. - Len Smiley, Nov 27 2001
If offset is 0: right side of the binomial sum n-> sum( i^(i-1) * (n-i+1)^(n-i)*binomial(n, i), i=1..n) - Yong Kong (ykong(AT)curagen.com), Dec 28 2000
a(n) is the number of birooted labeled trees on n nodes in which the two root nodes are adjacent. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 01 2018
a(n) is the number of ways to partition the complete graph K_n into two components and choose an arborescence on each component. - Harry Richman, May 11 2022

References

  • A. P. Prudnikov, Yu. A. Brychkov and O. I. Marichev, "Integrals and Series", Volume 1: "Elementary Functions", Chapter 4: "Finite Sums", New York, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1986-1992, Eq. (4.2.2.36)
  • R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 2, 1999; see Prop. 5.3.2.

Crossrefs

Cf. A001865 which is the sum of A000169 + A053506 + A065513 + A065888 + ...

Programs

  • GAP
    List([1..20], n-> (n-1)*n^(n-2)) # G. C. Greubel, May 15 2019
  • Magma
    [(n-1)*n^(n-2): n in [1..20]]; // G. C. Greubel, May 15 2019
    
  • Mathematica
    Table[(n-1)*n^(n-2), {n,20}]
  • PARI
    vector(20, n, (n-1)*n^(n-2)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jan 18 2017
    
  • Sage
    [(n-1)*n^(n-2) for n in (1..20)] # G. C. Greubel, May 15 2019
    

Formula

E.g.f.: LambertW(-x)^2/2. - Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 07 2001
E.g.f. if offset 0: W(-x)^2/((1+W(-x))*x), W(x) Lambert's function (principal branch).
The sequence 1, 1, 6, 48, ... satisfies a(n) = (n*(n+1)^n + 0^n)/(n+1); it is the main diagonal of A085388. - Paul Barry, Jun 30 2003
a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n-1} binomial(n-1,i-1)*i^(i-2)*(n-i)^(n-i). - Dmitry Kruchinin, Oct 28 2013
If offset = 0 and a(0) = 1 then a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^(n-k)* binomial(-k,-n)*n^k (cf. A195242). - Peter Luschny, Apr 11 2016

A121707 Numbers n > 1 such that n^3 divides Sum_{k=1..n-1} k^n = A121706(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

35, 55, 77, 95, 115, 119, 143, 155, 161, 187, 203, 209, 215, 221, 235, 247, 253, 275, 287, 295, 299, 319, 323, 329, 335, 355, 371, 377, 391, 395, 403, 407, 413, 415, 437, 455, 473, 475, 493, 497, 515, 517, 527, 533, 535, 539, 551, 559, 575, 581, 583, 589, 611
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Alexander Adamchuk, Aug 16 2006

Keywords

Comments

All terms belong to A038509 (Composite numbers with smallest prime factor >= 5). Many but not all terms belong to A060976 (Odd nonprimes, c, which divide Bernoulli(2*c)).
Many terms are semiprimes:
- the non-semiprimes are {275, 455, 475, 539, 575, 715, 775, 875, 935, ...}: see A321487;
- semiprime terms that are multiples of 5 have indices {7, 11, 19, 23, 31, 43, 47, 59, 67, 71, 79, 83, ...} = A002145 (Primes of form 4*k + 3, except 3, or k > 0; or Primes which are also Gaussian primes);
- semiprime terms that are multiples of 7 have indices {5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 41, 47, 53, 59, 71, 83, 89, ...} = A003627 (Primes of form 3*k - 1, except 2, or k > 1);
- semiprime terms that are multiples of 11 have indices {5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 23, 37, 43, 47, 53, 59, 67, 73, 79, 83, ...} = Primes of the form 4*k + 1 and 4*k - 1. [Edited by Michel Marcus, Jul 21 2018, M. F. Hasler, Nov 09 2018]
Conjecture: odd numbers n > 1 such that n divides Sum_{k=1..n-1} k^(n-1). - Thomas Ordowski and Robert Israel, Oct 09 2015. Professor Andrzej Schinzel (in a letter to me, dated Dec 29 2015) proved this conjecture. - Thomas Ordowski, Jul 20 2018
Note that n^2 divides Sum_{k=1..n-1} k^n for every odd number n > 1. - Thomas Ordowski, Oct 30 2015
Conjecture: these are "anti-Carmichael numbers" defined; n > 1 such that p - 1 does not divide n - 1 for every prime p dividing n. Equivalently, odd numbers n > 1 such that n is coprime to A027642(n-1). A number n > 1 is an "anti-Carmichael" if and only if gcd(n, b^n - b) = 1 for some integer b. - Thomas Ordowski, Jul 20 2018
It seems that these numbers are all composite terms of A317358. - Thomas Ordowski, Jul 30 2018
a(62) = 697 is the first term not in A267999: see A306097 for all these terms. - M. F. Hasler, Nov 09 2018
If the conjecture from Thomas Ordowski is true, then no term is a multiple of 2 or 3. - Jianing Song, Jan 27 2019
Conjecture: an odd number n > 1 is a term iff gcd(n, A027642(n-1)) = 1. - Thomas Ordowski, Jul 19 2019
Conjecture: Sequence consists of numbers n > 1 such that r = b^n + n - b will produce a prime for one or more integers b > 1. Only when n is in this sequence do one or more prime factors of n fail to divide r for all b. Also, n and b must be coprime for r to be prime. The above also applies to r = b^n - n - b, ignoring n=3, b=2. - Richard R. Forberg, Jul 18 2020
Odd numbers n > 1 such that Sum_{k(even)=2..n-1}2*k^(n-1) == 0 (mod n). - Davide Rotondo, Oct 28 2020
What is the asymptotic density of these numbers? The numbers A267999 have a slightly lower density. The difference between the densities is equal to the density of the numbers A306097. - Thomas Ordowski, Feb 15 2021
The asymptotic density of this sequence is in the interval (0.253, 0.265) (Ordowski, 2021). - Amiram Eldar, Feb 26 2021

Crossrefs

Cf. A000312, A002145, A002997, A027642, A031971, A038509, A060976, A121706, A267999 (probably a subsequence).
Cf. A306097 for terms of this sequence A121707 not in sequence A267999, A321487 for terms which are not semiprimes.
Cf. A191677 (n divides Sum_{k
Cf. A326478 for a conjectured connection with the Bernoulli numbers.

Programs

  • Maple
    filter:= n -> add(k &^ n mod n^3, k=1..n-1) mod n^3 = 0:
    select(filter, [$2..1000]); # Robert Israel, Oct 08 2015
  • Mathematica
    fQ[n_] := Mod[Sum[PowerMod[k, n, n^3], {k, n - 1}], n^3] == 0; Select[
    Range[2, 611], fQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 04 2011 and slightly modified Aug 02 2018 *)
  • PARI
    is(n)=my(n3=n^3);sum(k=1,n-1,Mod(k,n3)^n)==0 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, May 09 2013
    
  • PARI
    for(n=2, 1000, if(sum(k=1, n-1, k^n) % n^3 == 0, print1(n", "))) \\ Altug Alkan, Oct 15 2015
    
  • Sage
    # after Andrzej Schinzel
    def isA121707(n):
        if n == 1 or is_even(n): return False
        return n.divides(sum(k^(n-1) for k in (1..n-1)))
    [n for n in (1..611) if isA121707(n)] # Peter Luschny, Jul 18 2019

Extensions

Sequence corrected by Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 04 2011

A009998 Triangle in which j-th entry in i-th row is (j+1)^(i-j).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 3, 1, 1, 8, 9, 4, 1, 1, 16, 27, 16, 5, 1, 1, 32, 81, 64, 25, 6, 1, 1, 64, 243, 256, 125, 36, 7, 1, 1, 128, 729, 1024, 625, 216, 49, 8, 1, 1, 256, 2187, 4096, 3125, 1296, 343, 64, 9, 1, 1, 512, 6561, 16384, 15625, 7776, 2401, 512, 81, 10, 1
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

Read as a square array this is the Hilbert transform of triangle A123125 (see A145905 for the definition of this term). For example, the fourth row of A123125 is (0,1,4,1) and the expansion (x + 4*x^2 + x^3)/(1-x)^4 = x + 8*x^2 + 27*x^3 + 64*x^4 + ... generates the entries in the fourth row of this array read as a square. - Peter Bala, Oct 28 2008

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  2,  1;
  1,  4,  3,  1;
  1,  8,  9,  4,  1;
  1, 16, 27, 16,  5,  1;
  1, 32, 81, 64, 25,  6,  1;
  ...
From _Gus Wiseman_, May 01 2021: (Start)
The rows of the triangle are obtained by reading antidiagonals upward in the following table of A(k,n) = n^k, with offset k = 0, n = 1:
         n=1:     n=2:     n=3:     n=4:     n=5:     n=6:
   k=0:   1        1        1        1        1        1
   k=1:   1        2        3        4        5        6
   k=2:   1        4        9       16       25       36
   k=3:   1        8       27       64      125      216
   k=4:   1       16       81      256      625     1296
   k=5:   1       32      243     1024     3125     7776
   k=6:   1       64      729     4096    15625    46656
   k=7:   1      128     2187    16384    78125   279936
   k=8:   1      256     6561    65536   390625  1679616
   k=9:   1      512    19683   262144  1953125 10077696
  k=10:   1     1024    59049  1048576  9765625 60466176
(End)
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 24.

Crossrefs

Row sums give A026898.
Column n = 2 of the array is A000079.
Column n = 3 of the array is A000244.
Row k = 2 of the array is A000290.
Row k = 3 of the array is A000578.
Diagonal n = k of the array is A000312.
Diagonal n = k + 1 of the array is A000169.
Diagonal n = k + 2 of the array is A000272.
The transpose of the array is A009999.
The numbers of divisors of the entries are A343656 (row sums: A343657).
A007318 counts k-sets of elements of {1..n}.
A059481 counts k-multisets of elements of {1..n}.

Programs

  • Haskell
    a009998 n k = (k + 1) ^ (n - k)
    a009998_row n = a009998_tabl !! n
    a009998_tabl = map reverse a009999_tabl
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 02 2014
    
  • Maple
    E := (n,x) -> `if`(n=0,1,x*(1-x)*diff(E(n-1,x),x)+E(n-1,x)*(1+(n-1)*x));
    G := (n,x) -> E(n,x)/(1-x)^(n+1);
    A009998 := (n,k) -> coeff(series(G(n-k,x),x,18),x,k);
    seq(print(seq(A009998(n,k),k=0..n)),n=0..6);
    # Peter Luschny, Aug 02 2010
  • Mathematica
    Flatten[Table[(j+1)^(i-j),{i,0,20},{j,0,i}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 25 2012 *)
  • PARI
    T(i,j)=(j+1)^(i-j) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 06 2017

Formula

T(n,n) = 1; T(n,k) = (k+1)*T(n-1,k) for k=0..n-1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 02 2014
T(n,m) = (m+1)*Sum_{k=0..n-m}((n+1)^(k-1)*(n-m)^(n-m-k)*(-1)^(n-m-k)*binomial(n-m-1,k-1)). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Sep 12 2015

Extensions

a(62) corrected to 512 by T. D. Noe, Dec 20 2007

A055775 a(n) = floor(n^n / n!).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 4, 10, 26, 64, 163, 416, 1067, 2755, 7147, 18613, 48638, 127463, 334864, 881657, 2325750, 6145596, 16263866, 43099804, 114356611, 303761260, 807692034, 2149632061, 5726042115, 15264691107, 40722913454, 108713644516
Offset: 0

Author

Henry Bottomley, Jul 12 2000

Keywords

Comments

Stirling's approximation for n! suggests that this should be about e^n/sqrt(pi*2n). Bill Gosper has noted that e^n/sqrt(pi*(2n+1/3)) is significantly better.
n^n/n! = A001142(n)/A001142(n-1), where A001142(n) is product{k=0 to n} C(n,k) (where C() is a binomial coefficient). - Leroy Quet, May 01 2004
There are n^n distinct functions from [n] to [n] or sequences on n symbols of length n, the number of those sequences having n distinct symbols is n!. So the probability P(n) of bijection is n!/n^n. The expected value of the number of functions that we pick until we found a bijection is the reciprocal of P(n), or n^n/n!. - Washington Bomfim, Mar 05 2012

Examples

			a(5)=26 since 5^5=3125, 5!=120, 3125/120=26.0416666...
		

Programs

Formula

a(n) = floor(A000312(n)/A000142(n)).

Extensions

More terms from James Sellers, Jul 13 2000

A063170 Schenker sums with n-th term.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 10, 78, 824, 10970, 176112, 3309110, 71219584, 1727242866, 46602156800, 1384438376222, 44902138752000, 1578690429731402, 59805147699103744, 2428475127395631750, 105224992014096760832, 4845866591896268695010, 236356356027029797011456
Offset: 0

Author

Marijke van Gans (marijke(AT)maxwellian.demon.co.uk)

Keywords

Comments

Urn, n balls, with replacement: how many selections if we stop after a ball is chosen that was chosen already? Expected value is a(n)/n^n.
Conjectures: The exponent in the power of 2 in the prime factorization of a(n) (its 2-adic valuation) equals 1 if n is odd and equals n - A000120(n) if n is even. - Gerald McGarvey, Nov 17 2007, Jun 29 2012
Amdeberhan, Callan, and Moll (2012) have proved McGarvey's conjectures. - Jonathan Sondow, Jul 16 2012
a(n), for n >= 1, is the number of colored labeled mappings from n points to themselves, where each component is one of two colors. - Steven Finch, Nov 28 2021

Examples

			a(4) = (1*2*3*4) + 4*(2*3*4) + 4*4*(3*4) + 4*4*4*(4) + 4*4*4*4.
G.f. = 1 + 2*x + 10*x^2 + 78*x^3 + 824*x^4 + 10970*x^5 + 176112*x^6 + ...
		

References

  • D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, 3rd ed. 1997, Vol. 1, Addison-Wesley, p. 123, Exercise Section 1.2.11.3 18.

Crossrefs

Cf. A000312, A134095, A090878, A036505, A120266, A214402, A219546 (Schenker primes).

Programs

  • Maple
    seq(simplify(GAMMA(n+1,n)*exp(n)),n=0..20); # Vladeta Jovovic, Jul 21 2005
  • Mathematica
    a[n_] := Round[ Gamma[n+1, n]*Exp[n]]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 20}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 16 2012, after Vladeta Jovovic *)
    a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, Boole[n == 0], n! Sum[ n^k / k!, {k, 0, n}]]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 05 2014 *)
    a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, n! Normal[ Exp[x] + x O[x]^n] /. x -> n]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 05 2014 *)
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n<0, 0, n! * sum( k=0, n, n^k / k!))};
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = sum( k=0, n, binomial(n, k) * k^k * (n - k)^(n - k))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 09 2004 */
    
  • PARI
    for(n=0,17,print1(round(intnum(x=0,[oo,1],exp(-x)*(n+x)^n)),", ")) \\ Gerald McGarvey, Nov 17 2007
    
  • Python
    from math import comb
    def A063170(n): return (sum(comb(n,k)*(n-k)**(n-k)*k**k for k in range(1,(n+1>>1)))<<1) + (0 if n&1 else comb(n,m:=n>>1)*m**n) + (n**n<<1) if n else 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 26 2023
  • UBASIC
    10 for N=1 to 42: T=N^N: S=T
    20 for K=N to 1 step -1: T/=N: T*=K: S+=T: next K
    30 print N,S: next N
    

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} n^k n!/k!.
a(n)/n! = Sum_{k=0..n} n^k/k!. (First n+1 terms of e^n power series.)
a(n) = A063169(n) + n^n.
E.g.f.: 1/(1-T)^2, where T=T(x) is Euler's tree function (see A000169).
E.g.f.: 1 / (1 - F), where F = F(x) is the e.g.f. of A003308. - Michael Somos, May 27 2012
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*(n+k)^k*(-k)^(n-k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 11 2007
Asymptotics of the coefficients: sqrt(Pi*n/2)*n^n. - N-E. Fahssi, Jan 25 2008
a(n) = A120266(n)*A214402(n) for n > 0. - Jonathan Sondow, Jul 16 2012
a(n) = Integral_{0..oo} exp(-x) * (n + x)^n dx. - Michael Somos, May 18 2004
a(n) = Integral_{0..oo} exp(-x)*(1+x/n)^n dx * n^n = A090878(n)/A036505(n-1) * n^n. - Gerald McGarvey, Nov 17 2007
EXP-CONV transform of A000312. - Tilman Neumann, Dec 13 2008
a(n) = n! * [x^n] exp(n*x)/(1 - x). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Sep 23 2017
a(n) = (n+1)! - Sum_{k=0..n-1} binomial(n, k)*a(k)*(-k)^(n-k) for n > 0 with a(0) = 1 (see Max Alekseyev link). - Mikhail Kurkov, Jan 14 2025

A003992 Square array read by upwards antidiagonals: T(n,k) = n^k for n >= 0, k >= 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 9, 8, 1, 0, 1, 5, 16, 27, 16, 1, 0, 1, 6, 25, 64, 81, 32, 1, 0, 1, 7, 36, 125, 256, 243, 64, 1, 0, 1, 8, 49, 216, 625, 1024, 729, 128, 1, 0, 1, 9, 64, 343, 1296, 3125, 4096, 2187, 256, 1, 0, 1, 10, 81, 512, 2401, 7776, 15625, 16384, 6561, 512, 1, 0
Offset: 0

Author

Keywords

Comments

If the array is transposed, T(n,k) is the number of oriented rows of n colors using up to k different colors. The formula would be T(n,k) = [n==0] + [n>0]*k^n. The generating function for column k would be 1/(1-k*x). For T(3,2)=8, the rows are AAA, AAB, ABA, ABB, BAA, BAB, BBA, and BBB. - Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018
T(n,k) is the number of multichains of length n from {} to [k] in the Boolean lattice B_k. - Geoffrey Critzer, Apr 03 2020

Examples

			Rows begin:
[1, 0,  0,   0,    0,     0,      0,      0, ...],
[1, 1,  1,   1,    1,     1,      1,      1, ...],
[1, 2,  4,   8,   16,    32,     64,    128, ...],
[1, 3,  9,  27,   81,   243,    729,   2187, ...],
[1, 4, 16,  64,  256,  1024,   4096,  16384, ...],
[1, 5, 25, 125,  625,  3125,  15625,  78125, ...],
[1, 6, 36, 216, 1296,  7776,  46656, 279936, ...],
[1, 7, 49, 343, 2401, 16807, 117649, 823543, ...], ...
		

Crossrefs

Main diagonal is A000312. Other diagonals include A000169, A007778, A000272, A008788. Antidiagonal sums are in A026898.
Cf. A099555.
Transpose is A004248. See A051128, A095884, A009999 for other versions.
Cf. A277504 (unoriented), A293500 (chiral).

Programs

  • Magma
    [[(n-k)^k: k in [0..n]]: n in [0..10]]; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 08 2018
  • Mathematica
    Table[If[k == 0, 1, (n - k)^k], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}]//Flatten
  • PARI
    T(n,k) = (n-k)^k \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 07 2017
    

Formula

E.g.f.: Sum T(n,k)*x^n*y^k/k! = 1/(1-x*exp(y)). - Paul D. Hanna, Oct 22 2004
E.g.f.: Sum T(n,k)*x^n/n!*y^k/k! = e^(x*e^y). - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 23 2006

Extensions

More terms from David W. Wilson
Edited by Paul D. Hanna, Oct 22 2004

A045531 Number of sticky functions: endofunctions of [n] having a fixed point.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 19, 175, 2101, 31031, 543607, 11012415, 253202761, 6513215599, 185311670611, 5777672071535, 195881901213181, 7174630439858727, 282325794823047151, 11878335717996660991, 532092356706983938321, 25283323623228812584415, 1270184310304975912766347
Offset: 1

Author

Keywords

Comments

a(n) is also the number of functions f{1,2,...,n}->{1,2,...,n} with at least one element mapped to 1. - Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 10 2012
Equivalently, a(n) is the number of endofunctions with minimum 1. - Olivier Gérard, Aug 02 2016
Number of bargraphs of width n and height n. Equivalently: number of ordered n-tuples of positive integers such that the largest is n. Example: a(3) = 19 because we have 113, 123, 213, 223, 131, 132, 231, 232, 311, 312, 321, 322, 331, 332, 313, 323, 133, 233, and 333. - Emeric Deutsch, Jan 30 2017

Crossrefs

Column |a(n, 2)| of A039621. Row sums of triangle A055858.
Column k=1 of A246049.

Programs

  • Magma
    [n^n-(n-1)^n: n in [1..20] ]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 07 2011
    
  • Mathematica
    Table[Sum[Binomial[n, i] (n - 1)^(n - i), {i, 1, n}], {n, 1, 20}]
  • Maxima
    a(n) = sum(k!*binomial(n-1,k-1)*stirling2(n,k),k,1,n); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Mar 01 2014 */
  • PARI
    a(n)=n^n-(n-1)^n; \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, May 08 2011
    

Formula

a(n) = n^n - (n-1)^n.
E.g.f.: (T - x)/(T-T^2), where T=T(x) is Euler's tree function (see A000169).
With interpolated zeros, ceiling(n/2)^ceiling(n/2) - floor(n/2)^ceiling(n/2). - Paul Barry, Jul 13 2005
a(n) = A047969(n,n). - Alford Arnold, May 07 2005
a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n} binomial(n,i)*(i-1)^(i-1)*(n-i)^(n-i) = Sum_{i=1..n} binomial(n,i)*A000312(i-1)*A000312(n-i). - Vladimir Shevelev, Sep 30 2010
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} k!*binomial(n-1,k-1)*Stirling2(n,k). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Mar 01 2014
a(n) = A350454(n+1, 1) / (n+1). - Mélika Tebni, Dec 20 2022
Limit_{n->oo} a(n)/n^n = 1 - 1/e = A068996. - Luc Rousseau, Jan 20 2023

A048861 a(n) = n^n - 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 3, 26, 255, 3124, 46655, 823542, 16777215, 387420488, 9999999999, 285311670610, 8916100448255, 302875106592252, 11112006825558015, 437893890380859374, 18446744073709551615, 827240261886336764176, 39346408075296537575423, 1978419655660313589123978
Offset: 1

Author

Charles T. Le (charlestle(AT)yahoo.com)

Keywords

Comments

From Alexander Adamchuk, Jan 22 2007: (Start)
a(n) is divisible by (n-1).
Corresponding quotients are a(n)/(n-1) = {1,3,13,85,781,9331, ...} = A023037(n).
p divides a(p-1) for prime p.
p divides a((p-1)/2) for prime p = {3,11,17,19,41,43,59,67,73,83,89,97,...} = A033200 Primes congruent to {1, 3} mod 8; or, odd primes of form x^2+2*y^2.
p divides a((p-1)/3) for prime p = {61,67,73,103,151,193,271,307,367,...} = A014753 3 and -3 are both cubes (one implies other) mod these primes p=1 mod 6.
p divides a((p-1)/4) for prime p = {5,13,17,29,37,41,53,61,73,...} = A002144 Pythagorean primes: primes of form 4n+1.
p divides a((p-1)/5) for prime p = {31,191,251,271,601,641,761,1091,...}.
p divides a((p-1)/6) for prime p = {7,241,313,337,409,439,607,631,727,751,919,937,...}. (End)
For n > 1, a(n) is largest number that can be represented using n digits in the base-n number system. - Chinmaya Dash, Mar 31 2022

Examples

			For n=3, a(n) = 3^3 - 1 = 27 - 1 = 26. - _Michael B. Porter_, Nov 12 2017
		

References

  • M. Le, Primes in the sequences n^n+1 and n^n-1, Smarandache Notions Journal, Vol. 10, No. 1-2-3, 1999, 156-157.

Programs

Formula

E.g.f.: 1/(1+LambertW(-x)) - exp(x). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 20 2014

Extensions

Extended (and corrected) by Patrick De Geest, Jul 15 1999
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