A176500 -id:A176500 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001333 Pell-Lucas numbers: numerators of continued fraction convergents to sqrt(2).

1, 1, 3, 7, 17, 41, 99, 239, 577, 1393, 3363, 8119, 19601, 47321, 114243, 275807, 665857, 1607521, 3880899, 9369319, 22619537, 54608393, 131836323, 318281039, 768398401, 1855077841, 4478554083, 10812186007, 26102926097, 63018038201, 152139002499, 367296043199

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane and R. K. Guy

Number of n-step non-selfintersecting paths starting at (0,0) with steps of types (1,0), (-1,0) or (0,1) [Stanley].
Number of n steps one-sided prudent walks with east, west and north steps. - Shanzhen Gao, Apr 26 2011
Number of ternary strings of length n-1 with subwords (0,2) and (2,0) not allowed. - Olivier Gérard, Aug 28 2012
Number of symmetric 2n X 2 or (2n-1) X 2 crossword puzzle grids: all white squares are edge connected; at least 1 white square on every edge of grid; 180-degree rotational symmetry. - Erich Friedman
a(n+1) is the number of ways to put molecules on a 2 X n ladder lattice so that the molecules do not touch each other.
In other words, a(n+1) is the number of independent vertex sets and vertex covers in the n-ladder graph P_2 X P_n. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 04 2017
Number of (n-1) X 2 binary arrays with a path of adjacent 1's from top row to bottom row, see A359576. - R. H. Hardin, Mar 16 2002
a(2*n+1) with b(2*n+1) := A000129(2*n+1), n >= 0, give all (positive integer) solutions to Pell equation a^2 - 2*b^2 = -1.
a(2*n) with b(2*n) := A000129(2*n), n >= 1, give all (positive integer) solutions to Pell equation a^2 - 2*b^2 = +1 (see Emerson reference).
Bisection: a(2*n) = T(n,3) = A001541(n), n >= 0 and a(2*n+1) = S(2*n,2*sqrt(2)) = A002315(n), n >= 0, with T(n,x), resp. S(n,x), Chebyshev's polynomials of the first, resp. second kind. See A053120, resp. A049310.
Binomial transform of A077957. - Paul Barry, Feb 25 2003
For n > 0, the number of (s(0), s(1), ..., s(n)) such that 0 < s(i) < 4 and |s(i) - s(i-1)| <= 1 for i = 1,2,...,n, s(0) = 2, s(n) = 2. - Herbert Kociemba, Jun 02 2004
For n > 1, a(n) corresponds to the longer side of a near right-angled isosceles triangle, one of the equal sides being A000129(n). - Lekraj Beedassy, Aug 06 2004
Exponents of terms in the series F(x,1), where F is determined by the equation F(x,y) = xy + F(x^2*y,x). - Jonathan Sondow, Dec 18 2004
Number of n-words from the alphabet A={0,1,2} which two neighbors differ by at most 1. - Fung Cheok Yin (cheokyin_restart(AT)yahoo.com.hk), Aug 30 2006
Consider the mapping f(a/b) = (a + 2b)/(a + b). Taking a = b = 1 to start with and carrying out this mapping repeatedly on each new (reduced) rational number gives the following sequence 1/1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29, ... converging to 2^(1/2). Sequence contains the numerators. - Amarnath Murthy, Mar 22 2003 [Amended by Paul E. Black (paul.black(AT)nist.gov), Dec 18 2006]
Odd-indexed prime numerators are prime RMS numbers (A140480) and also NSW primes (A088165). - Ctibor O. Zizka, Aug 13 2008
The intermediate convergents to 2^(1/2) begin with 4/3, 10/7, 24/17, 58/41; essentially, numerators=A052542 and denominators here. - Clark Kimberling, Aug 26 2008
Equals right border of triangle A143966. Starting (1, 3, 7, ...) equals INVERT transform of (1, 2, 2, 2, ...) and row sums of triangle A143966. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 06 2008
Inverse binomial transform of A006012; Hankel transform is := [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 04 2008
From Charlie Marion, Jan 07 2009: (Start)
In general, denominators, a(k,n) and numerators, b(k,n), of continued fraction convergents to sqrt((k+1)/k) may be found as follows:
let a(k,0) = 1, a(k,1) = 2k; for n>0, a(k,2n) = 2*a(k,2n-1) + a(k,2n-2) and a(k,2n+1) = (2k)*a(k,2n) + a(k,2n-1);
let b(k,0) = 1, b(k,1) = 2k+1; for n>0, b(k,2n) = 2*b(k,2n-1) + b(k,2n-2) and b(k,2n+1) = (2k)*b(k,2n) + b(k,2n-1).
For example, the convergents to sqrt(2/1) start 1/1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29.
In general, if a(k,n) and b(k,n) are the denominators and numerators, respectively, of continued fraction convergents to sqrt((k+1)/k) as defined above, then
k*a(k,2n)^2 - a(k,2n-1)*a(k,2n+1) = k = k*a(k,2n-2)*a(k,2n) - a(k,2n-1)^2 and
b(k,2n-1)*b(k,2n+1) - k*b(k,2n)^2 = k+1 = b(k,2n-1)^2 - k*b(k,2n-2)*b(k,2n);
for example, if k=1 and n=3, then b(1,n)=a(n+1) and
1*a(1,6)^2 - a(1,5)*a(1,7) = 1*169^2 - 70*408 = 1;
1*a(1,4)*a(1,6) - a(1,5)^2 = 1*29*169 - 70^2 = 1;
b(1,5)*b(1,7) - 1*b(1,6)^2 = 99*577 - 1*239^2 = 2;
b(1,5)^2 - 1*b(1,4)*b(1,6) = 99^2 - 1*41*239 = 2.
Cf. A000129, A142238-A142239, A153313-A153318.
(End)
This sequence occurs in the lower bound of the order of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel (A048211). - Sameen Ahmed Khan, Jun 28 2010
Let M = a triangle with the Fibonacci series in each column, but the leftmost column is shifted upwards one row. A001333 = lim_{n->infinity} M^n, the left-shifted vector considered as a sequence. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2010
a(n) is the number of compositions of n when there are 1 type of 1 and 2 types of other natural numbers. - Milan Janjic, Aug 13 2010
Equals the INVERTi transform of A055099. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010
From L. Edson Jeffery, Apr 04 2011: (Start)
Let U be the unit-primitive matrix (see [Jeffery])
U = U_(8,2) = (0 0 1 0)
              (0 1 0 1)
              (1 0 2 0)
              (0 2 0 1).
Then a(n) = (1/4)*Trace(U^n). (See also A084130, A006012.)
(End)
For n >= 1, row sums of triangle
  m/k.|..0.....1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7
  ==================================================
  .0..|..1
  .1..|..1.....2
  .2..|..1.....2.....4
  .3..|..1.....4.....4.....8
  .4..|..1.....4....12.....8....16
  .5..|..1.....6....12....32....16....32
  .6..|..1.....6....24....32....80....32....64
  .7..|..1.....8....24....80....80...192....64...128
which is the triangle for numbers 2^k*C(m,k) with duplicated diagonals. - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 12 2012
a(n) is also the number of ways to place k non-attacking wazirs on a 2 X n board, summed over all k >= 0 (a wazir is a leaper [0,1]). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 08 2012
The sequences a(n) and b(n) := A000129(n) are entries of powers of the special case of the Brahmagupta Matrix - for details see Suryanarayan's paper. Further, as Suryanarayan remark, if we set A = 2*(a(n) + b(n))*b(n), B = a(n)*(a(n) + 2*b(n)), C = a(n)^2 + 2*a(n)*b(n) + 2*b(n)^2 we obtain integral solutions of the Pythagorean relation A^2 + B^2 = C^2, where A and B are consecutive integers. - Roman Witula, Jul 28 2012
Pisano period lengths: 1, 1, 8, 4, 12, 8, 6, 4, 24, 12, 24, 8, 28, 6, 24, 8, 16, 24, 40, 12, .... - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
This sequence and A000129 give the diagonal numbers described by Theon of Smyrna. - Sture Sjöstedt, Oct 20 2012
a(n) is the top left entry of the n-th power of any of the following six 3 X 3 binary matrices: [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 0; 1, 1, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 1; 1, 1, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 0; 1, 0, 1] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 1; 1, 0, 1] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 0; 1, 1, 1]. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 03 2014
If p is prime, a(p) == 1 (mod p) (compare with similar comment for A000032). - Creighton Dement, Oct 11 2005, modified by Davide Colazingari, Jun 26 2016
a(n) = A000129(n) + A000129(n-1), where A000129(n) is the n-th Pell Number; e.g., a(6) = 99 = A000129(6) + A000129(5) = 70 + 29. Hence the sequence of fractions has the form 1 + A000129(n-1)/A000129(n), and the ratio A000129(n-1)/A000129(n)converges to sqrt(2) - 1. - Gregory L. Simay, Nov 30 2018
For n > 0, a(n+1) is the length of tau^n(1) where tau is the morphism: 1 -> 101, 0 -> 1. See Song and Wu. - Michel Marcus, Jul 21 2020
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of nonisomorphic quasitrivial semigroups with n elements, see Devillet, Marichal, Teheux. A292932 is the number of labeled quasitrivial semigroups. - Peter Jipsen, Mar 28 2021
a(n) is the permanent of the n X n tridiagonal matrix defined in A332602. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 12 2022
From Greg Dresden, May 08 2023: (Start)
For n >= 2, 4*a(n) is the number of ways to tile this T-shaped figure of length n-1 with two colors of squares and one color of domino; shown here is the figure of length 5 (corresponding to n=6), and it has 4*a(6) = 396 different tilings.
   _
  || _  
  |||_|||
  |_|
(End)
12*a(n) = number of walks of length n in the cyclic Kautz digraph CK(3,4). - Miquel A. Fiol, Feb 15 2024

			Convergents are 1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29, 99/70, 239/169, 577/408, 1393/985, 3363/2378, 8119/5741, 19601/13860, 47321/33461, 114243/80782, ... = A001333/A000129.
The 15 3 X 2 crossword grids, with white squares represented by an o:
  ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo oo. o.o .oo o.. .o. ..o oo. .oo
  ooo oo. o.o .oo o.. .o. ..o ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo .oo oo.
G.f. = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 17*x^4 + 41*x^5 + 99*x^6 + 239*x^7 + 577*x^8 + ...

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Index entries for "core" sequences.
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,1).

For denominators see A000129.
See A040000 for the continued fraction expansion of sqrt(2).
See also A078057 which is the same sequence without the initial 1.
Cf. also A002203, A152113.
Row sums of unsigned Chebyshev T-triangle A053120. a(n)= A054458(n, 0) (first column of convolution triangle).
Row sums of A140750, A160756, A135837.
Equals A034182(n-1) + 2 and A084128(n)/2^n. First differences of A052937. Partial sums of A052542. Pairwise sums of A048624. Bisection of A002965.
The following sequences (and others) belong to the same family: A001333, A000129, A026150, A002605, A046717, A015518, A084057, A063727, A002533, A002532, A083098, A083099, A083100, A015519.
Second row of the array in A135597.
Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285, A174286, A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502.
Cf. A055099.
Cf. A028859, A001906 / A088305, A033303, A000225, A095263, A003945, A006356, A002478, A214260, A001911 and A000217 for other restricted ternary words.
Cf. Triangle A106513 (alternating row sums).
Equals A293004 + 1.
Cf. A033539, A332602, A086395 (subseq. of primes).

a001333 n = a001333_list !! n
a001333_list = 1 : 1 : zipWith (+)
                       a001333_list (map (* 2) $ tail a001333_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 08 2012

[n le 2 select 1 else 2*Self(n-1)+Self(n-2): n in [1..35]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 10 2018

A001333 := proc(n) option remember; if n=0 then 1 elif n=1 then 1 else 2*procname(n-1)+procname(n-2) fi end;
Digits := 50; A001333 := n-> round((1/2)*(1+sqrt(2))^n);
with(numtheory): cf := cfrac (sqrt(2),1000): [seq(nthnumer(cf,i), i=0..50)];
a:= n-> (M-> M[2, 1]+M[2, 2])(<<2|1>, <1|0>>^n):
seq(a(n), n=0..33);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 01 2008
A001333List := proc(m) local A, P, n; A := [1,1]; P := [1,1];
for n from 1 to m - 2 do P := ListTools:-PartialSums([op(A), P[-2]]);
A := [op(A), P[-1]] od; A end: A001333List(32); # Peter Luschny, Mar 26 2022

Insert[Table[Numerator[FromContinuedFraction[ContinuedFraction[Sqrt[2], n]]], {n, 1, 40}], 1, 1] (* Stefan Steinerberger, Apr 08 2006 *)
Table[((1 - Sqrt[2])^n + (1 + Sqrt[2])^n)/2, {n, 0, 29}] // Simplify (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
a[0] = 1; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = 2a[n - 1] + a[n - 2]; Table[a@n, {n, 0, 29}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
Table[ MatrixPower[{{1, 2}, {1, 1}}, n][[1, 1]], {n, 0, 30}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
a=c=0;t={b=1}; Do[c=a+b+c; AppendTo[t,c]; a=b;b=c,{n,40}]; t (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Mar 23 2009 *)
LinearRecurrence[{2, 1}, {1, 1}, 40] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Mar 23 2009 *)
Join[{1}, Numerator[Convergents[Sqrt[2], 30]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 22 2011 *)
Table[(-I)^n ChebyshevT[n, I], {n, 10}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 04 2017 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(-1 + x)/(-1 + 2 x + x^2), {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 21 2017 *)
Table[Sqrt[(ChebyshevT[n, 3] + (-1)^n)/2], {n, 0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 17 2018 *)

{a(n) = if( n<0, (-1)^n, 1) * contfracpnqn( vector( abs(n), i, 1 + (i>1))) [1, 1]}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012 */

{a(n) = polchebyshev(n, 1, I) / I^n}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012 */

a(n) = real((1 + quadgen(8))^n); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 16 2021

{ for (n=0, 4000, a=contfracpnqn(vector(n, i, 1+(i>1)))[1, 1]; if (a > 10^(10^3 - 6), break); write("b001333.txt", n, " ", a); ); } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 12 2009

from functools import cache
@cache
def a(n): return 1 if n < 2 else 2*a(n-1) + a(n-2)
print([a(n) for n in range(32)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Nov 13 2022

from sage.combinat.sloane_functions import recur_gen2
it = recur_gen2(1,1,2,1)
[next(it) for i in range(30)] ## Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 24 2008

[lucas_number2(n,2,-1)/2 for n in range(0, 30)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 30 2009

a(n) = A055642(A125058(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 02 2007
a(n) = 2a(n-1) + a(n-2);
a(n) = ((1-sqrt(2))^n + (1+sqrt(2))^n)/2.
a(n)+a(n+1) = 2 A000129(n+1). 2*a(n) = A002203(n).
G.f.: (1 - x) / (1 - 2*x - x^2) = 1 / (1 - x / (1 - 2*x / (1 + x))). - Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation.
A000129(2n) = 2*A000129(n)*a(n). - John McNamara, Oct 30 2002
a(n) = (-i)^n * T(n, i), with T(n, x) Chebyshev's polynomials of the first kind A053120 and i^2 = -1.
a(n) = a(n-1) + A052542(n-1), n>1. a(n)/A052542(n) converges to sqrt(1/2). - Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Apr 29 2003
E.g.f.: exp(x)cosh(x*sqrt(2)). - Paul Barry, May 08 2003
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n, 2k)2^k. - Paul Barry, May 13 2003
For n > 0, a(n)^2 - (1 + (-1)^(n))/2 = Sum_{k=0..n-1} ((2k+1)*A001653(n-1-k)); e.g., 17^2 - 1 = 288 = 1*169 + 3*29 + 5*5 + 7*1; 7^2 = 49 = 1*29 + 3*5 + 5*1. - Charlie Marion, Jul 18 2003
a(n+2) = A078343(n+1) + A048654(n). - Creighton Dement, Jan 19 2005
a(n) = A000129(n) + A000129(n-1) = A001109(n)/A000129(n) = sqrt(A001110(n)/A000129(n)^2) = ceiling(sqrt(A001108(n))). - Henry Bottomley, Apr 18 2000
Also the first differences of A000129 (the Pell numbers) because A052937(n) = A000129(n+1) + 1. - Graeme McRae, Aug 03 2006
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A122542(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 08 2006
For another recurrence see A000129.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A098158(n,k)*2^(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 26 2007
a(n) = upper left and lower right terms of [1,1; 2,1]^n. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 12 2008
If p[1]=1, and p[i]=2, (i>1), and if A is Hessenberg matrix of order n defined by: A[i,j]=p[j-i+1], (i<=j), A[i,j]=-1, (i=j+1), and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n)=det A. - Milan Janjic, Apr 29 2010
For n>=2, a(n)=F_n(2)+F_(n+1)(2), where F_n(x) is Fibonacci polynomial (cf. A049310): F_n(x) = Sum_{i=0..floor((n-1)/2)} binomial(n-i-1,i)x^(n-2*i-1). - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 13 2012
a(-n) = (-1)^n * a(n). - Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012
Dirichlet g.f.: (PolyLog(s,1-sqrt(2)) + PolyLog(s,1+sqrt(2)))/2. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jun 26 2016
a(n) = A000129(n) - A000129(n-1), where A000129(n) is the n-th Pell Number. Hence the continued fraction is of the form 1-(A000129(n-1)/A000129(n)). - Gregory L. Simay, Nov 09 2018
a(n) = (A000129(n+3) + A000129(n-3))/10, n>=3. - Paul Curtz, Jun 16 2021
a(n) = (A000129(n+6) - A000129(n-6))/140, n>=6. - Paul Curtz, Jun 20 2021
a(n) = round((1/2)*sqrt(Product_{k=1..n} 4*(1 + sin(k*Pi/n)^2))), for n>=1. - Greg Dresden, Dec 28 2021
a(n)^2 + a(n+1)^2 = A075870(n+1) = 2*(b(n)^2 + b(n+1)^2) for all n in Z where b(n) := A000129(n). - Michael Somos, Apr 02 2022
a(n) = 2*A048739(n-2)+1. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 01 2024
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 1.5766479516393275911191017828913332473... - R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2024
From Peter Bala, Jul 06 2025: (Start)
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1) * x^(n-1) * Product_{k = 1..n} (1 - k*x)/(1 - 3*x + k*x^2).
The following series telescope:
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n) + 1/a(2*n)) = 1/4, since 1/(a(2*n) + 1/a(2*n)) = 1/A077445(n) + 1/A077445(n+1).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n+1) - 1/a(2*n+1)) = 1/8, since. 1/(a(2*n+1) - 1/a(2*n+1)) = 1/(4*Pell(2*n)) + 1/(4*Pell(2*n+2)), where Pell(n) = A000129(n).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n+1) + 9/a(2*n+1)) = 1/10, since 1/(a(2*n+1) + 9/a(2*n+1)) = b(n) + b(n+1), where b(n) = A001109(n)/(2*Pell(2*n-1)*Pell(2*n+1)).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n)*a(n+1)) = 1 - sqrt(2)/2 = A268682, since (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n)*a(n+1)) = Pell(n)/a(n) - Pell(n+1)/a(n+1). (End)

Chebyshev comments from Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 10 2003

A000084 Number of series-parallel networks with n unlabeled edges. Also called yoke-chains by Cayley and MacMahon.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 10, 24, 66, 180, 522, 1532, 4624, 14136, 43930, 137908, 437502, 1399068, 4507352, 14611576, 47633486, 156047204, 513477502, 1696305728, 5623993944, 18706733128, 62408176762, 208769240140, 700129713630, 2353386723912

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

This is a series-parallel network: o-o; all other series-parallel networks are obtained by connecting two series-parallel networks in series or in parallel.
Also the number of unlabeled cographs on n nodes. - N. J. A. Sloane and Eric W. Weisstein, Oct 21 2003
Also the number of P_4-free graphs on n nodes. - Gordon F. Royle, Jul 04 2008
Equals row sums of triangle A144962 and the INVERT transform of A001572. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 27 2008
See Cameron (1987) p. 165 for a bijection between series-parallel networks and cographs. - Michael Somos, Apr 19 2014

			G.f. = x + 2*x^2 + 4*x^3 + 10*x^4 + 24*x^5 + 66*x^6 + 180*x^7 + 522*x^8 + ...
The series-parallel networks with 1, 2 and 3 edges are:
1 edge: o-o
2 edges: o-o-o o=o
....................... /\
3 edges: o-o-o-o o-o=o o--o o-o-o
....................... \/ ..\_/

D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, 3rd ed. 1997, Vol. 1, p. 589, Answers to Exercises Section 2.3.4.4 5.
J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 142.
J. Riordan and C. E. Shannon, The number of two-terminal series-parallel networks, J. Math. Phys., 21 (1942), 83-93. Reprinted in Claude Elwood Shannon: Collected Papers, edited by N. J. A. Sloane and A. D. Wyner, IEEE Press, NY, 1993, pp. 560-570.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
R. P. Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics, Cambridge, Vol. 2, 1999; see Problem 5.40, notes on p. 133.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n=1..1001
Moussa Abdenbi, Alexandre Blondin Massé, Alain Goupil, On the maximal number of leaves in induced subtrees of series-parallel graphs, Semantic Sensor Networks Workshop 2018, CEUR Workshop Proceedings (2018) Vol. 2113.
Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000). - _Sameen Ahmed Khan_, Mar 06 2010
Taisir Avilés, Series-Parallel Resistors Catalogue
A. Brandstaedt, V. B. Le and J. P. Spinrad, Graph Classes: A Survey, SIAM Publications, 1999. (For definition of cograph)
Peter J. Cameron, Some treelike objects Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2) 38 (1987), no. 150, 155--183. MR0891613 (89a:05009). See p. 155. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Apr 18 2014
P. J. Cameron, Some sequences of integers, Discrete Math., 75 (1989), 89-102; also in "Graph Theory and Combinatorics 1988", ed. B. Bollobas, Annals of Discrete Math., 43 (1989), 89-102.
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
Mehdi Nikopour Deilami and Bohdan Zhelyabovskyy, On the Average Resistance of n-circuits, arXiv:2410.07261 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 2.
S. R. Finch, Series-parallel networks, July 7, 2003. [Cached copy, with permission of the author]
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants II, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018.
O. Golinelli, Asymptotic behavior of two-terminal series-parallel networks, arXiv:cond-mat/9707023 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 1997.
S. Hougardy, Home Page
S. Hougardy, Classes of perfect graphs, Discr. Math. 306 (2006), 2529-2571.
ISCGI, Cograph graphs
Yukinao Isokawa, Series-Parallel Circuits and Continued Fractions, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 10, 2016, no. 27, 1321 - 1331.
Yukinao Isokawa, Listing up Combinations of Resistances, Bulletin of the Kagoshima University Faculty of Education. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University. Natural science, Vol. 67 (2016), pp. 1-8.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mathematica notebook for A048211 and A000084
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346 [physics.gen-ph], 2010.
S. A. Khan, How Many Equivalent Resistances?, RESONANCE, May 2012.
S. A. Khan, Farey sequences and resistor networks, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) Vol. 122, No. 2, May 2012, pp. 153-162. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 23 2012
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Beginning to count the number of equivalent resistances, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016, Vol 9(44).
Z. A. Lomnicki, Two-terminal series-parallel networks, Adv. Appl. Prob., 4 (1972), 109-150.
P. A. MacMahon, Yoke-trains and multipartite compositions in connexion with the analytical forms called "trees", Proc. London Math. Soc. 22 (1891), 330-346; reprinted in Coll. Papers I, pp. 600-616. Page 333 gives A000084 = 2*A000669.
P. A. MacMahon, The combination of resistances, The Electrician, 28 (1892), 601-602; reprinted in Coll. Papers I, pp. 617-619. Reprinted in Discrete Appl. Math., 54 (1994), 225-228.
J. W. Moon, Some enumerative results on series-parallel networks, Annals Discrete Math., 33 (1987), 199-226.
David Richter, Generic Orthotopes, arXiv:2210.12012 [math.CO], 2022.
David Richter, Ehrhart Polynomials of Generic Orthotopes, arXiv:2309.09026 [math.CO], 2023.
J. Riordan and C. E. Shannon, The number of two-terminal series-parallel networks (annotated scanned copy)
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustrations of a(1)-a(4)
N. J. A. Sloane, First 1001 terms of A000669 and A000084
Marx Stampfli, Bridged graphs, circuits and Fibonacci numbers. Applied Mathematics and Computation. Volume 302, 1 June 2017, Pages 68-79.
Takeaki Uno, Ryuhei Uehara and Shin-ichi Nakano, Bounding the Number of Reduced Trees, Cographs, and Series-Parallel Graphs by Compression, in WALCOM: Algorithms and Computation, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012, Volume 7157/2012, 5-16, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28076-4_4. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jul 07 2012
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Cograph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Series-Parallel Network

Cf. A058351, A058352, A058353, A000311, A006351 (labeled version).
See also A058964, A058965, A363065.
Cf. A144962, A001572. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 27 2008
Cf. A176500, A176502. - Sameen Ahmed Khan, Apr 27 2010

# (continue from A000669):
A000084 := n-> if n=1 then 1 else 2*A000669(n); fi;
# N denotes all series-parallel networks, S = series networks, P = parallel networks; spec84 := [ N,{N=Union(Z,S,P),S=Set(Union(Z,P),card>=2),P=Set(Union(Z,S),card>=2)} ]: A000084 := n->combstruct[count](spec84,size=n);

n = 27; s = 1/(1-x) + O[x]^(n+1); Do[s = s/(1-x^k)^Coefficient[s, x^k] + O[x]^(n+1), {k, 2, n}]; CoefficientList[s, x] // Rest (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 20 2011, updated Jun 30 2015 *)
(* faster method: *)
sequenceA000084[n_] := Module[{product, x}, product[1] = Series[1/(1 - x), {x, 0, n}]; product[k_] := product[k] = Series[product[k - 1]/(1 - x^k)^Coefficient[ product[k - 1], x^k], {x, 0, n}]; Quiet[Rest[CoefficientList[product[n], x]]]]; sequenceA000084[27] (* Faris Nasybulin, Apr 29 2015 *)
n = 27; Rest@
CoefficientList[ Fold[ #1/(1 - x^#2)^Coefficient[#1, x, #2] &, 1/(1 - x) + O[x]^(n + 1), Range[2, n]], x] (* Oliver Seipel, Sep 19 2021 *)

{a(n) = my(A); if( n<1, 0, A = 1 / (1 - x + x * O(x^n)); for(k=2, n, A /= (1 - x^k + x * O(x^n))^polcoeff(A, k)); polcoeff(A, n))}; /* Michael Somos, Oct 11 2006 */

The sequence satisfies Product_{k>=1} 1/(1-x^k)^A000669(k) = 1 + Sum_{k>=1} a(k)*x^k.
a(n) = 2*A000669(n) if n>0. - Michael Somos, Apr 17 2014
a(n) ~ C d^n/n^(3/2) where C = 0.412762889201578063700271574144..., d = 3.56083930953894332952612917270966777... is a root of Product_{n>=1} (1-1/x^n)^(-a(n)) = 2. - Riordan, Shannon, Moon, Rains, Sloane
Consider the free algebraic system with two commutative associative operators (x+y) and (x*y) and one generator A. The number of elements with n occurrences of the generator is a(n). - Michael Somos, Oct 11 2006 Examples: n=1: A. n=2: A+A, A*A. n=3: A+A+A, A+(A*A), A*(A+A), A*A*A.

More decimal places in the third formula added by Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 24 2014

A048211 Number of distinct resistances that can be produced from a circuit of n equal resistors using only series and parallel combinations.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 9, 22, 53, 131, 337, 869, 2213, 5691, 14517, 37017, 93731, 237465, 601093, 1519815, 3842575, 9720769, 24599577, 62283535, 157807915, 400094029, 1014905643, 2576046289, 6541989261, 16621908599, 42251728111, 107445714789, 273335703079

Offset: 1

Tony Bartoletti

Found by exhaustive search. Program produces all values that are combinations of two binary operators a() and b() (here "sum" and "reciprocal sum of reciprocals") over n occurrences of 1. E.g., given 4 occurrences of 1, the code forms all allowable postfix forms, such as 1 1 1 1 a a a and 1 1 b 1 1 a b, etc. Each resulting form is then evaluated according to the definitions for a and b.
Each resistance that can be constructed from n 1-ohm resistors in a circuit can be written as the ratio of two positive integers, neither of which exceeds the (n+1)st Fibonacci number. E.g., for n=4, the 9 resistances that can be constructed can be written as 1/4, 2/5, 3/5, 3/4, 1/1, 4/3, 5/3, 5/2, 4/1 using no numerator or denominator larger than Fib(n+1) = Fib(5) = 5. If a resistance x can be constructed from n 1-ohm resistors, then a resistance 1/x can also be constructed from n 1-ohm resistors. - Jon E. Schoenfield, Aug 06 2006
The fractions in the comment above are a superset of the fractions occurring here, corresponding to the upper bound A176500. - Joerg Arndt, Mar 07 2015
The terms of this sequence consider only series and parallel combinations; A174283 considers bridge combinations as well. - Jon E. Schoenfield, Sep 02 2013

			a(2) = 2 since given two 1-ohm resistors, a series circuit yields 2 ohms, while a parallel circuit yields 1/2 ohms.

Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000). [From _Sameen Ahmed Khan_, Apr 27 2010]
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mathematica program
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mathematica notebook for A048211 and A000084
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346 [physics.gen-ph], 2010.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, How Many Equivalent Resistances?, RESONANCE, May 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 15 2012
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Farey sequences and resistor networks, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) Vol. 122, No. 2, May 2012, pp. 153-162. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 23 2012
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Beginning to Count the Number of Equivalent Resistances, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 44, pp. 1-7, 2016.
Marx Stampfli, Bridged graphs, circuits and Fibonacci numbers, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Volume 302, 1 June 2017, Pages 68-79.

Let T(x, n) = 1 if x can be constructed with n 1-ohm resistors in a circuit, 0 otherwise. Then A048211 is t(n) = sum(T(x, n)) for all x (x is necessarily rational). Let H(x, n) = 1 if T(x, n) = 1 and T(x, k) = 0 for all k < n, 0 otherwise. Then A051389 is h(n) = sum(H(x, n)) for all x (x is necessarily rational).
Cf. A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285 and A174286, A176497, A176498, A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502. - Sameen Ahmed Khan, Apr 27 2010
Cf. A180414.

r:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=1, {1}, {seq(seq(seq(
      [f+g, 1/(1/f+1/g)][], g in r(n-i)), f in r(i)), i=1..n/2)})
    end:
a:= n-> nops(r(n)):
seq(a(n), n=1..15);  # Alois P. Heinz, Apr 02 2015

r[n_] := r[n] = If[n == 1, {1}, Union @ Flatten @ {Table[ Table[ Table[ {f+g, 1/(1/f+1/g)}, {g, r[n-i]}], {f, r[i]}], {i, 1, n/2}]}]; a[n_] := Length[r[n]]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 15}] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 28 2015, after Alois P. Heinz *)

\\ not efficient; just to show the method
N=10;
L=vector(N);  L[1]=[1];
{ for (n=2, N,
    my( T = Set( [] ) );
    for (k=1, n\2,
        for (j=1, #L[k],
            my( r1 = L[k][j] );
            for (i=1, #L[n-k],
                my( r2 = L[n-k][i] );
                T = setunion(T,  Set([r1+r2, r1*r2/(r1+r2) ]) );
            );
        );
    );
    T = vecsort(Vec(T), , 8);
    L[n] = T;
); }
for(n=1, N, print1(#L[n], ", ") );
\\ Joerg Arndt, Mar 07 2015

From Bill McEachen, Jun 08 2024: (Start)
(2.414^n)/4 < a(n) < (1-1/n)*(0.318)*(2.618^n) (Khan, n>3).
Conjecture: a(n) ~ K * a(n-1), K approx 2.54. (End)

More terms from John W. Layman, Apr 06 2002
a(16)-a(21) from Jon E. Schoenfield, Aug 06 2006
a(22) from Jon E. Schoenfield, Aug 28 2006
a(23) from Jon E. Schoenfield, Apr 18 2010
Definition edited (to specify that the sequence considers only series and parallel combinations) by Jon E. Schoenfield, Sep 02 2013
a(24)-a(25) from Antoine Mathys, Apr 02 2015
a(26)-a(27) from Johannes P. Reichart, Nov 24 2018
a(28)-a(30) from Antoine Mathys, Dec 08 2024

A174283 Number of distinct resistances that can be produced using n equal resistors in, series, parallel and/or bridge configurations.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 9, 23, 57, 151, 415, 1157, 3191, 8687, 23199, 61677, 163257, 432541, 1146671, 3039829

Offset: 1

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mar 15 2010

This sequence is a variation on A048211, which uses only series and parallel combinations. Since a bridge circuit requires minimum of five resistances the first four terms coincide. For the definition of "bridge" see A337516.

			Example 1: Five unit resistors: each arm of the bridge has one unit resistor, leading to an equivalent resistance of 1; so the set is {1} and its order is 1. Thus a(5) = A048211(5) + 1 = 23.
Example 2: Six unit resistors: a bridge with 6 resistors yields A174285(6) = 3 different resistances and the series parallel combinations give A048211(6) = 53 resistances, but resistance 1 is counted twice. The union of the forementioned resistances has cardinality 53+3-1 = 55. There are two more circuits to be considered: the bridge with five unit resistors and the sixth unit resistor either in parallel (value 1/2) or in series (value 2). Both values 1/2 and 2 are not counted by A048211(6) or A174285(6), so the total is 55 + 2 = 57. - _Rainer Rosenthal_, Oct 25 2020

Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000).
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346v1 [physics.gen-ph], (20 April 2010).
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Farey sequences and resistor networks, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) Vol. 122, No. 2, May 2012, pp. 153-162.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Beginning to Count the Number of Equivalent Resistances, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 44, pp. 1-7, 2016.
Hugo Pfoertner, Increase of number of representable resistances by allowing bridges, Plot2 of a(n)/A048211.

Cf. A048211, A153588, A174284, A174285, A174286, A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502, A180414, A337516, A337517.

a(8) corrected and a(9)-a(17) from Rainer Rosenthal, Oct 29 2020

A153588 Number of resistance values that can be constructed using up to n equal resistances by arranging them in an arbitrary series-parallel arrangement.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 7, 15, 35, 77, 179, 429, 1039, 2525, 6235, 15463, 38513, 96231, 241519, 607339, 1529533, 3857447, 9743247, 24634043, 62335495, 157885967, 400211085, 1015080877, 2576308943, 6542380707, 16622493939, 42252603207, 107447022475, 273337662943

Offset: 1

Altrego Janeway (altrego99(AT)gmail.com), Dec 29 2008

			For n=2 there are 3 solutions, 1 ohm, (1+1) ohms and 1/(1/1+1/1)=1/2 ohm. So a(2)=3.

Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000).
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mathematica notebook for A153588 and A058351
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346 [physics.gen-ph], 2010.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, How Many Equivalent Resistances?, RESONANCE, May 2012.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Beginning to count the number of equivalent resistances, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016, Vol 9(44).
M. Ortolano, M. Abrate, and L. Callegaro, On the synthesis of Quantum Hall Array Resistance Standards, arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.0756 [physics.ins-det], 2013.
Project Euler, Problem 155: Counting Capacitor Circuits.

Cf. A048211. This sequence is the total number of resistance values formed using up to n resistances, A048211 is the total number of resistance values formed using exactly n resistances.

Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285 and A174286, A176497, A176498, A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502. [Sameen Ahmed Khan, Apr 27 2010]

a(17)-a(25) from Antoine Mathys, Apr 02 2015
Definition clarified by Antoine Mathys, Apr 03 2015
a(26)-a(30) from Antoine Mathys, Dec 08 2024

A174286 Number of distinct resistances that can be produced using at most n equal resistors in series and/or parallel, confined to the five arms (four arms and the diagonal) of a bridge configuration. Since the bridge requires a minimum of five resistors, the first four terms are zero.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 19, 75, 291, 985, 3011, 8659, 24319, 65899, 176591, 464451, 1211185

Offset: 1

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mar 15 2010

			Example 1: Five equal unit resistors. Each arm of the bridge has one unit resistor, leading to an equivalent resistance of 1; so the set is {1} and its order is 1. Example 2: Six equal unit resistors. Four arms have one unit resistor each and the fifth arm has two unit resistors. Two resistors in the same arm, when combined in series and parallel result in 2 and 1/2 respectively (corresponding to 2: {1/2, 2} in A048211). The set {1/2, 2}, in the diagonal results in {1}. Set {1/2, 2} in any of the four arms results in {11/13, 13/11}. Consequently, with six equal resistors, we have the set {11/13, 1, 13/11}, whose order is 3. Union of the previous terms is {1} and the union with these three is again {11/13, 1, 13/11}. So the terms for five and six resistors are 1 and 3 respectively.

Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000). Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1119/1.19396.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346v1 [physics.gen-ph], (20 April 2010).
Rainer Rosenthal, Maple programs SetA174285 and SetA174286
Marx Stampfli, Bridged graphs, circuits and Fibonacci numbers, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Volume 302, 1 June 2017, Pages 68-79.
Index to sequences related to resistances.

Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285, A180414, A337516, A337517, A338487.

Cf. A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502.

See link section: A174286(n) = nops(SetA174286(n)).

From Stampfli's paper, a(8) corrected and a(9)-a(12) added by Eric M. Schmidt, Sep 09 2017
Name edited by Eric M. Schmidt, Sep 09 2017
a(13)-a(17) added by Rainer Rosenthal, Feb 05 2021

A174284 Number of distinct finite resistances that can be produced using at most n equal resistors (n or fewer resistors) in series, parallel and/or bridge configurations.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 35, 79, 193, 493, 1299, 3429, 9049, 23699, 62271, 163997, 433433, 1147659, 3040899

Offset: 0

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mar 15 2010

This sequence is a variation on A153588, which uses only series and parallel combinations. The circuits with exactly n unit resistors are counted by A174283, so this sequence counts the union of the sets, which are counted by A174283(k), k <= n. - Rainer Rosenthal, Oct 27 2020

For n = 0 the resistance is infinite, therefore the number of finite resistances is a(0) = 0. Sequence A180414 counts all resistances (including infinity) and so has A180414(0) = 1 and A180414(n) = a(n) + 1 for all n up to n = 7. For n > 7 the networks get more complex, producing more resistance values, so A180414(n) > a(n) + 1. - Rainer Rosenthal, Feb 13 2021

			Since a bridge circuit requires a minimum of five resistors, the first four terms coincide with A153588. The fifth term also coincides since the set corresponding to five resistors for the bridge, i.e. {1}, is already obtained in the fourth set corresponding to the fourth term in A153588. [Edited by _Rainer Rosenthal_, Oct 27 2020]

Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000).
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346v1 [physics.gen-ph], (20 April 2010).
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Farey sequences and resistor networks, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) Vol. 122, No. 2, May 2012, pp. 153-162.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Beginning to Count the Number of Equivalent Resistances, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 44, pp. 1-7, 2016.
Rainer Rosenthal, Maple program SetA174283 used for A174284
Index to sequences related to resistances.

Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174285, A174286, A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502, A180414.

# SetA174283(n) is the set of resistances counted by A174283(n) (see Maple link).
AccumulatedSetsA174283 := proc(n) option remember;
if n=1 then {1} else `union`(AccumulatedSetsA174283(n-1), SetA174283(n)) fi end:
A174284 := n -> nops(AccumulatedSetsA174283(n)):
seq(A174284(n), n=1..9); # Rainer Rosenthal, Oct 27 2020

a(n) = #(union of all S(k), k <= n), where S(k) is the set which is counted by A174283(k). - Rainer Rosenthal, Oct 27 2020

a(8) corrected, a(9)-a(17) from Rainer Rosenthal, Oct 27 2020

Title changed and a(0) added by Rainer Rosenthal, Feb 13 2021

A176502 a(n) = 2*Farey(m; I) - 1 where m = Fibonacci (n + 1) and I = [1/n, 1].

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 7, 17, 37, 99, 243, 633, 1673, 4425, 11515, 30471, 80055, 210157, 553253, 1454817, 3821369, 10040187, 26360759, 69201479, 181628861, 476576959, 1250223373, 3279352967, 8600367843, 22551873573, 59128994931, 155014246263, 406350098913, 1065104999651

Offset: 1

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Apr 21 2010

nonn

This sequence provides a strict upper bound of the set of equivalent resistances formed by any conceivable network (series/parallel or bridge, or non-planar) of n equal resistors. Consequently it provides an strict upper bound of the sequences: A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285 and A174286. This sequence provides a better strict upper bound than A176500 but is harder to compute. [Corrected by Antoine Mathys, May 07 2019]

The claim that this sequence is a strict upper bound for the number of representable resistance values of any conceivable network is incorrect for networks with more than 10 resistors, in which non-planar configurations can also occur. Whether the sequence provides at least a valid upper bound for planar networks with generalized bridge circuits (A337516) is difficult to decide on the basis of the insufficient number of terms in A174283 and A337516. See the linked illustrations of the respective quotients. - Hugo Pfoertner, Jan 25 2021

			n = 5, , I = [1/5, 1], m = Fibonacci(6) = 8, Farey(8) = 23, Farey(8; I) = 19, Grand Set(5) = 37.

Antoine Mathys, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..40
Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000).
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346v1 [physics.gen-ph], (20 April 2010).
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Integer Sequences Authored by Dr. Sameen Ahmed Khan
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mathematica notebook
Sameen Ahmed Khan, How Many Equivalent Resistances?, RESONANCE, May 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 15 2012
Sameen Ahmed Khan, Farey sequences and resistor networks, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.) Vol. 122, No. 2, May 2012, pp. 153-162. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 23 2012
Hugo Pfoertner, Ratio for series-parallel networks, Plot2 of A048211(n)/a(n).
Hugo Pfoertner, Ratio for planar networks with generalized bridges, Plot2 of A337516(n)/a(n).
Hugo Pfoertner, Ratio for arbitrary networks, Plot2 of A337517(n)/a(n).

Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285, A174286, A176499, A176500, A176501, A337516, A337517.

a1[n_ /; n<4] := 2^(n-1); a1[n_] := Module[{m = Fibonacci[n+1], v}, v = Reap[Do[Sow[j/i], {i, n+1, m}, {j, 1, (i-1)/n}]][[2, 1]]; Total[EulerPhi[ Range[m]]] - Length[v // Union]];
a[n_] := 2 a1[n] - 1;
Table[an = a[n]; Print["a(", n, ") = ", an]; an, {n, 1, 23}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 30 2018, after Antoine Mathys *)

farey(n) = sum(i=1, n, eulerphi(i)) + 1;
a176501(n) = my(m=fibonacci(n + 1), count=0); for(b=n+1, m, for(a=1, (b-1)/n, if(gcd(a,b)==1, count++))); farey(m) - 1 - count;
a(n) = 2 * a176501(n) - 1; \\ Antoine Mathys, May 07 2019

a(n) = 2 * A176501(n) - 1. - Antoine Mathys, Aug 07 2018

a(19)-a(27) from Antoine Mathys, Aug 10 2018

a(28)-a(30) from Antoine Mathys, May 07 2019

A174285 Number of distinct resistances that can be produced using n equal resistors in series and/or parallel, confined to the five arms (four arms and the diagonal) of a bridge configuration. Since the bridge requires a minimum of five resistors, the first four terms are zero.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 17, 61, 235, 815, 2563, 7585, 22277, 62065, 169489, 452621, 1191617

Offset: 1

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Mar 15 2010

			Five equal unit resistors. Each arm of the bridge has one unit resistor, leading to an equivalent resistance of 1; so the set is {1} and its order is 1.
Six equal unit resistors. Four arms have one unit resistor each and the fifth arm has two unit resistors. Two resistors in the same arm, when combined in series and parallel result in 2 and 1/2 respectively (corresponding to 2: {1/2, 2} in A048211). The set {1/2, 2}, in the diagonal results in {1}. Set {1/2, 2} in any of the four arms results in {11/13, 13/11}. Consequently, with six equal resistors, we have the set {11/13, 1, 13/11}, whose order is 3.

Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000). Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1119/1.19396
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346v1 [physics.gen-ph], (20 April 2010).
Rainer Rosenthal, Maple programs SetA174285 and SetA174286
Marx Stampfli, Bridged graphs, circuits and Fibonacci numbers, Applied Mathematics and Computation, Volume 302, 1 June 2017, Pages 68-79.
Index to sequences related to resistances.

Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174286, A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502.

See link section: A174285(n) = nops(SetA174285(n)).

From Stampfli's paper, a(8) corrected and a(9)-a(12) added by Eric M. Schmidt, Sep 09 2017
Name edited by Eric M. Schmidt, Sep 09 2017
a(13)-a(17) added by Rainer Rosenthal, Feb 04 2021
a(12) corrected by Marx Stampfli, Nov 04 2022

A176499 Haros-Farey sequence whose argument is the Fibonacci number; Farey(m) where m = Fibonacci(n + 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 5, 11, 23, 59, 141, 361, 941, 2457, 6331, 16619, 43359, 113159, 296385, 775897, 2030103, 5315385, 13912615, 36421835, 95355147, 249635525, 653525857, 1710966825, 4479358275, 11726974249, 30701593527, 80377757397, 210431301141, 550916379293

Offset: 1

Sameen Ahmed Khan, Apr 21 2010

nonn

This sequence arises in the analytically obtained strict upper bound of the set of equivalent resistances formed by any conceivable network (series/parallel or bridge, or non-planar) of n equal resistors. Consequently it provides a strict upper bound of the sequences: A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285 and A174286. A176501 provides a better strict upper bound but is harder to compute. [Corrected by Antoine Mathys, May 07 2019]
Farey(n) = A005728(n). [Franklin T. Adams-Watters, May 12 2010]
The claim that this sequence is a strict upper bound for the number of representable resistance values of any conceivable network is wrong. It only applies to purely serial-parallel networks (A048211), but it already fails when bridges are allowed, as described in A174283. Even more so if arbitrary nonplanar networks are allowed as in A337517. See the linked illustrations of the respective quotients. - Hugo Pfoertner, Jan 24 2021

			n = 5, m = Fibonacci(5 + 1) = 8, Farey(8) = 23.

Antoine Mathys, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..50
Antoni Amengual, The intriguing properties of the equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, American Journal of Physics, 68(2), 175-179 (February 2000). Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1119/1.19396.
Sameen Ahmed Khan, The bounds of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel, arXiv:1004.3346v1 [physics.gen-ph], (20 April 2010).
Sameen Ahmed KHAN, Mathematica notebook 1
Sameen Ahmed KHAN, Mathematica notebook 2
Hugo Pfoertner, Ratio for series-parallel networks, Plot2 of A048211(n)/a(n).
Hugo Pfoertner, Ratio for networks with bridges, Plot2 of A174283(n)/a(n).
Hugo Pfoertner, Ratio for arbitrary networks, Plot2 of A337517(n)/a(n).

Cf. A000045, A005728.

Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285, A174286, A176500, A176501, A176502, A337517.

List([1..30],n->Sum([1..Fibonacci(n+1)],i->Phi(i)))+1; # Muniru A Asiru, Jul 31 2018

[1+&+[EulerPhi(i):i in [1..Fibonacci(n+1)]]:n in [1..30]]; // Marius A. Burtea, Jul 26 2019

with(numtheory): with(combinat,fibonacci): a:=n->1+add(phi(i),i=1..n): seq(a(fibonacci(n+1)),n=1..30); # Muniru A Asiru, Jul 31 2018

b[n_] := 1 + Sum[EulerPhi[i], {i, 1, n}];
a[n_] := b[Fibonacci[n + 1]];
Array[a, 30] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 20 2018 *)

farey(n) = 1+sum(k=1, n, eulerphi(k));
a(n) = farey(fibonacci(n+1)); \\ Michel Marcus, Jul 31 2018

a(n) = A005728(A000045(n+1)). - Michel Marcus, Jul 31 2018

a(26)-a(29) from Sameen Ahmed Khan, May 02 2010

a(30) from Antoine Mathys, Aug 06 2018

cp's OEIS Frontend

A001333 Pell-Lucas numbers: numerators of continued fraction convergents to sqrt(2).

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A000084 Number of series-parallel networks with n unlabeled edges. Also called yoke-chains by Cayley and MacMahon.

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A048211 Number of distinct resistances that can be produced from a circuit of n equal resistors using only series and parallel combinations.

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A174283 Number of distinct resistances that can be produced using n equal resistors in, series, parallel and/or bridge configurations.

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A153588 Number of resistance values that can be constructed using up to n equal resistances by arranging them in an arbitrary series-parallel arrangement.

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A174286 Number of distinct resistances that can be produced using at most n equal resistors in series and/or parallel, confined to the five arms (four arms and the diagonal) of a bridge configuration. Since the bridge requires a minimum of five resistors, the first four terms are zero.

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