A048473 -id:A048473 - cp's OEIS frontend

A062318 Numbers of the form 3^m - 1 or 2*3^m - 1; i.e., the union of sequences A048473 and A024023.

0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 17, 26, 53, 80, 161, 242, 485, 728, 1457, 2186, 4373, 6560, 13121, 19682, 39365, 59048, 118097, 177146, 354293, 531440, 1062881, 1594322, 3188645, 4782968, 9565937, 14348906, 28697813, 43046720, 86093441, 129140162

Offset: 1

Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Jul 05 2001

WARNING: The offset of this sequence has been changed from 0 to 1 without correcting the formulas and programs, many of them correspond to the original indexing a(0)=0, a(1)=1, ... - M. F. Hasler, Oct 06 2014
Numbers n such that no entry in n-th row of Pascal's triangle is divisible by 3, i.e., such that A062296(n) = 0.
The base 3 representation of these numbers is 222...222 or 122...222.
a(n+1) is the smallest number with ternary digit sum = n: A053735(a(n+1)) = n and A053735(m) <> n for m < a(n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 15 2006
A138002(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 26 2008
Also, number of terms in S(n), where S(n) is defined in A114482. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 13 2014
a(n+1) is also the Moore lower bound on the order of a (4,g)-cage. - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011

			The first rows in Pascal's triangle with no multiples of 3 are:
row 0: 1;
row 1: 1, 1;
row 2: 1, 2,  1;
row 5: 1, 5, 10, 10,  5,  1;
row 8: 1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1;

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Daniel Birmajer, Juan B. Gil, Jordan O. Tirrell, and Michael D. Weiner, Pattern-avoiding stabilized-interval-free permutations, arXiv:2306.03155 [math.CO], 2023.
Sayan Dutta, Lorenz Halbeisen, and Norbert Hungerbühler, Properties of Hesse derivatives of cubic curves, arXiv:2309.05048 [math.AG], 2023. See p. 9.
Gyula Tasi and Fujio Mizukami, Quantum algebraic-combinatoric study of the conformational properties of n-alkanes, J. Math. Chemistry, 25, 1999, 55-64 (see p. 60).
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,3,-3).

Cf. A062296, A024023, A048473, A114482. Pairwise sums of A052993.
Moore lower bound on the order of a (k,g) cage: A198300 (square); rows: A000027 (k=2), A027383 (k=3), this sequence (k=4), A061547 (k=5), A198306 (k=6), A198307 (k=7), A198308 (k=8), A198309 (k=9), A198310 (k=10), A094626 (k=11); columns: A020725 (g=3), A005843 (g=4), A002522 (g=5), A051890 (g=6), A188377 (g=7). - Jason Kimberley, Oct 30 2011
Cf. A037233 (actual order of a (4,g)-cage).
Smallest number whose base b sum of digits is n: A000225 (b=2), this sequence (b=3), A180516 (b=4), A181287 (b=5), A181288 (b=6), A181303 (b=7), A165804 (b=8), A140576 (b=9), A051885 (b=10).

I:=[0,1,2]; [n le 3 select I[n] else Self(n-1)+3*Self(n-2) -3*Self(n-3): n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 20 2012

A062318 :=proc(n)
    if n mod 2 = 1 then
        3^((n-1)/2)-1
    else
        2*3^(n/2-1)-1
    fi
end proc:
seq(A062318(n), n=1..37); # Emeric Deutsch, Feb 03 2005, offset updated

CoefficientList[Series[x^2*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-3*x^2)),{x,0,40}],x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 20 2012 *)
A062318[n_]:= (1/3)*(Boole[n==0] -3 +3^(n/2)*(2*Mod[n+1,2] +Sqrt[3] *Mod[n, 2]));
Table[A062318[n], {n, 50}] (* G. C. Greubel, Apr 17 2023 *)

PARI
```
a(n)=3^(n\2)<M. F. Hasler, Oct 06 2014
```

def A062318(n): return (1/3)*(int(n==0) - 3 + 2*((n+1)%2)*3^(n/2) + (n%2)*3^((n+1)/2))
[A062318(n) for n in range(1,41)] # G. C. Greubel, Apr 17 2023

a(n) = 2*3^(n/2-1)-1 if n is even; a(n) = 3^(n/2-1/2)-1 if n is odd. - Emeric Deutsch, Feb 03 2005, offset updated.
From Paul Curtz, Feb 21 2008: (Start)
a(n) = a(n-1) + 3*a(n-2) - 3*a(n-3).
Partial sums of A108411. (End)
G.f.: x^2*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-3*x^2)). - Colin Barker, Apr 02 2012
a(2n+1) = 3*a(2n-1) + 2;  a(2n) = ( a(2n-1) + a(2n+1) )/2. See A060647 for case where a(1)= 1. - Richard R. Forberg, Nov 30 2013
a(n) = 2^((1+(-1)^n)/2) * 3^((2*n-3-(-1)^n)/4) - 1. - Luce ETIENNE, Aug 29 2014
a(n) = A052993(n-1) + A052993(n-2). - R. J. Mathar, Sep 10 2021
E.g.f.: (1 - 3*cosh(x) + 2*cosh(sqrt(3)*x) - 3*sinh(x) + sqrt(3)*sinh(sqrt(3)*x))/3. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 06 2022
a(n) = (1/3)*([n=0] - 3 + (1+(-1)^n)*3^(n/2) + ((1-(-1)^n)/2)*3^((n+1)/2)). - G. C. Greubel, Apr 17 2023

More terms from Emeric Deutsch, Feb 03 2005

Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 29 2011

A154992 A048473 prefixed by two zeros.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 5, 17, 53, 161, 485, 1457, 4373, 13121, 39365, 118097, 354293, 1062881, 3188645, 9565937, 28697813, 86093441, 258280325, 774840977, 2324522933, 6973568801, 20920706405, 62762119217, 188286357653, 564859072961

Offset: 0

Paul Curtz, Jan 18 2009

Consider two generic sequences correlated via c(n)=b(n) mod p. The difference d(n)=b(n)-c(n) contains only multiples of p and a(n)=d(n)/p defines another integer sequence. This sequence here takes b(n)=A048473(n) with p=9, such that c(n)=1,5,8,8,8,.. (period 8 continued). Then d(n)= 0,0,9,45,153,477,1449,.. becomes 9 times (two zeros followed by A048473) and division through 9 generates a(n) as the shifted version of b(n)=A048374(n).

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4, -3).

CoefficientList[Series[(x^3 + x^2)/(3*x^2 - 4*x + 1), {x, 0, 50}], x] (* G. C. Greubel, Feb 21 2017 *)
LinearRecurrence[{4,-3},{0,0,1,5},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 19 2024 *)

x='x+O('x^50); Vec((x^3 + x^2)/(3*x^2 - 4*x + 1)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Feb 21 2017

a(n) = A048473(n-2) = 3*2^(n-2)-1, n>1. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 23 2009

G.f.: (x^3 + x^2)/(3*x^2 - 4*x + 1). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Feb 21 2009

Edited and extended by R. J. Mathar, Jan 23 2009

A008776 Pisot sequences E(2,6), L(2,6), P(2,6), T(2,6).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486, 1458, 4374, 13122, 39366, 118098, 354294, 1062882, 3188646, 9565938, 28697814, 86093442, 258280326, 774840978, 2324522934, 6973568802, 20920706406, 62762119218, 188286357654, 564859072962, 1694577218886, 5083731656658, 15251194969974

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, David W. Wilson

Definitions of Pisot and related sequences:
Pisot sequence E(x, y): a(0) = x, a(1) = y, a(n) = floor(a(n-1)^2/a(n-2) + 1/2) = nearest integer to a(n-1)^2/a(n-2), with 0 < x < y.
Pisot sequence L(x, y): a(0) = x, a(1) = y, a(n) = ceiling(a(n-1)^2/a(n-2)).
Pisot sequence P(x, y): a(0) = x, a(1) = y, a(n) = ceiling(a(n-1)^2/a(n-2) - 1/2).
Pisot sequence T(x, y): a(0) = x, a(1) = y, a(n) = floor(a(n-1)^2/a(n-2)).
Pisot/Shallit sequence S(x, y): a(0) = x, a(1) = y, a(n) = floor(a(n-1)^2/a(n-2)+1).
A025192 is the main entry for the sequence of numbers 2*3^n.
Number of tilings of a 4 X (4n+4) rectangle into T tetrominoes.
Numbers n such that 3^n = n/2 mod n. Cf. A066601 3^n mod n. - Zak Seidov, Aug 26 2006, Nov 20 2008
For n >= 1, a(n) is equal to the number of functions f:{1,2...,n}->{1,2,3} such that for a fixed x in {1,2,...,n} and a fixed y in {1,2,3} we have f(x) != y. - Aleksandar M. Janjic and Milan Janjic, Mar 27 2007
a(n+1) is the number of compositions of n when there are 2 types of each natural number. - Milan Janjic, Aug 13 2010
2*Sum_{n>=2} 1/A083667(n) = 2*Sum_{n>=2} 2^(-n)*3^(-((n*(n-1))/2)) = Sum_{n>=1} 1/Product_{k=1..n} A008776(k) = Sum_{n>=1} 1/Product_{k=1..n} 2*3^k = 0.17609845431233461692099660022134... . - Alexander R. Povolotsky, Aug 08 2011
Number of monic squarefree polynomials over F_3 of degree n+1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 07 2012
a(n) is the sum of the elements of the n-th power of the matrix {{1, 2}, {2, 1}}. - Griffin N. Macris, Mar 25 2016
Let D(m) denote the set of divisors of a number m, and consider s1(m) and s2(m) the sums of those divisors that are congruent to 1 and 2 (mod 3) respectively. This sequence lists the numbers m such that s1(m) = 1 and s2(m) = 2. - Michel Lagneau, Feb 09 2017
a(n) is the multiplicative order of k modulo 3^(n+1), where k is any number congruent to 2 or 5 modulo 9. Note that for n > 0, k is a primitive root modulo 3^(n+1) if and only if k == 2, 5 (mod 9). - Jianing Song, Apr 20 2021

S. J. Cyvin and I. Gutman, Kekulé structures in benzenoid hydrocarbons, Lecture Notes in Chemistry, No. 46, Springer, New York, 1988 (see p. 203).

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Shaoshi Chen, Hanqian Fang, Sergey Kitaev, and Candice X.T. Zhang, Patterns in Multi-dimensional Permutations, arXiv:2411.02897 [math.CO], 2024. See pp. 2, 26.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 170
Milan Janjic, Enumerative Formulas for Some Functions on Finite Sets
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Craig Knecht, Sphinx tiling of a repetitive shape.
C. Moore, Some Polyomino Tilings of the Plane, arXiv:math/9905012 [math.CO], 1999.
C. Pisot, La répartition modulo 1 et les nombres algébriques, Ann. Scu. Norm. Sup. Pisa 2 ser, vol 7. no 3-4 (1938) p 205-248.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3).

Apart from initial term, same as A025192.
Cf. A080643.
Cf. A000244.

List([0..30], n-> 2*3^n); # G. C. Greubel, Sep 11 2019

a008776 = (* 2) . (3 ^)
a008776_list = iterate (* 3) 2  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 19 2015

[2*3^n: n in [0..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Sep 11 2019

# E(x,y) is f(n,x,y,1/2), T(x,y) is f(n,x,y,0), and S(x,y) is f(n,x,y,1).
f:=proc(n,x,y,r) option remember;
if n=0 then x
elif n=1 then y
else floor(f(n-1,x,y,r)^2/f(n-2,x,y,r) + r); fi; end;
[seq(f(n,2,6,1/2),n=0..30)];
# N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 30 2016

Table[EulerPhi[3^n], {n, 0, 100}] (* Artur Jasinski, Nov 19 2008 *)
Table[MatrixPower[{{1,2},{1,2}},n][[1]][[2]],{n,0,44}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 20 2010 *)
NestList[3#&,2,50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 28 2022 *)

a(n)=3^n<<1 \\ corrected by Michel Marcus, Aug 03 2015

def A008776(n): return 3**n<<1 # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 02 2025

[2*3^n for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Sep 11 2019

a(n) = 2*3^n.
a(n) = 3*a(n-1).
G.f.: 2/(1-3*x). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 08 2007
a(n-1) = phi(3^n). - Artur Jasinski, Nov 19 2008
E.g.f.: 2*exp(3*x). - Mohammad K. Azarian, Jan 15 2009
From Paul Curtz, Jan 20 2009: (Start)
a(n) = A048473(n) + 1.
a(n) = A052919(n+1)-1.
a(n) = A115099(n) - 2.
a(n) = A100774(n) + 2. (End)
If p[i]=2, (i >= 1), and if A is Hessenberg matrix of order n defined by: A[i,j] = p[j-i+1], (i <= j), A[i,j]=-1, (i=j+1), and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n >= 1, a(n-1)=det A. - Milan Janjic, Apr 29 2010
G.f.: ((1/2)/G(0)-1)/x^2 where G(k) = 1 - 2^k/(2 - 4*x/(2*x - 2^k/G(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Dec 22 2012
G.f.: -G(0)/x where G(k) = 1 - 1/(1-2*x)/(1-x/(x-1/G(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 25 2013
G.f.: (1 - 1/Q(0))/x where Q(k) = 1 - x*(2*k-2)/(1 - x*(2*k+5)/Q(k+1) ); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Mar 19 2013
G.f.: W(0), where W(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x*(2*k+3)/(x*(2*k+4) + 1/W(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 28 2013

Jasinski formula corrected by Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 18 2011

A006516 a(n) = 2^(n-1)*(2^n - 1), n >= 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 6, 28, 120, 496, 2016, 8128, 32640, 130816, 523776, 2096128, 8386560, 33550336, 134209536, 536854528, 2147450880, 8589869056, 34359607296, 137438691328, 549755289600, 2199022206976, 8796090925056, 35184367894528, 140737479966720, 562949936644096

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

a(n) is also the number of different lines determined by pair of vertices in an n-dimensional hypercube. The number of these lines modulo being parallel is in A003462. - Ola Veshta (olaveshta(AT)my-deja.com), Feb 15 2001
Let G_n be the elementary Abelian group G_n = (C_2)^n for n >= 1: A006516 is the number of times the number -1 appears in the character table of G_n and A007582 is the number of times the number 1. Together the two sequences cover all the values in the table, i.e., A006516(n) + A007582(n) = 2^(2n). - Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Jun 01 2001
a(n) is the number of n-letter words formed using four distinct letters, one of which appears an odd number of times. - Lekraj Beedassy, Jul 22 2003 [See, e.g., the Balakrishnan reference, problems 2.67 and 2.68, p. 69. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 16 2017]
Number of 0's making up the central triangle in a Pascal's triangle mod 2 gasket. - Lekraj Beedassy, May 14 2004
m-th triangular number, where m is the n-th Mersenne number, i.e., a(n)=A000217(A000225(n)). - Lekraj Beedassy, May 25 2004
Number of walks of length 2n+1 between two nodes at distance 3 in the cycle graph C_8. - Herbert Kociemba, Jul 02 2004
The sequence of fractions a(n+1)/(n+1) is the 3rd binomial transform of (1, 0, 1/3, 0, 1/5, 0, 1/7, ...). - Paul Barry, Aug 05 2005
Number of monic irreducible polynomials of degree 2 in GF(2^n)[x]. - Max Alekseyev, Jan 23 2006
(A007582(n))^2 + a(n)^2 = A007582(2n). E.g., A007582(3) = 36, a(3) = 28; A007582(6) = 2080. 36^2 + 28^2 = 2080. - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 17 2006
The sequence 6*a(n), n>=1, gives the number of edges of the Hanoi graph H_4^{n} with 4 pegs and n>=1 discs. - Daniele Parisse, Jul 28 2006
8*a(n) is the total border length of the 4*n masks used when making an order n regular DNA chip, using the bidimensional Gray code suggested by Pevzner in the book "Computational Molecular Biology." - Bruno Petazzoni (bruno(AT)enix.org), Apr 05 2007
If we start with 1 in binary and at each step we prepend 1 and append 0, we construct this sequence: 1 110 11100 1111000 etc.; see A109241(n-1). - Artur Jasinski, Nov 26 2007
Let P(A) be the power set of an n-element set A. Then a(n) = the number of pairs of elements {x,y} of P(A) for which x does not equal y. - Ross La Haye, Jan 02 2008
Wieder calls these "conjoint usual 2-combinations." The set of "conjoint strict k-combinations" is the subset of conjoint usual k-combinations where the empty set and the set itself are excluded from possible selection. These numbers C(2^n - 2,k), which for k = 2 (i.e., {x,y} of the power set of a set) give {1, 0, 1, 15, 91, 435, 1891, 7875, 32131, 129795, 521731, ...}. - Ross La Haye, Jan 15 2008
If n is a member of A000043 then a(n) is also a perfect number (A000396). - Omar E. Pol, Aug 30 2008
a(n) is also the number whose binary representation is A109241(n-1), for n>0. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 31 2008
From Daniel Forgues, Nov 10 2009: (Start)
If we define a spoof-perfect number as:
A spoof-perfect number is a number that would be perfect if some (one or more) of its odd composite factors were wrongly assumed to be prime, i.e., taken as a spoof prime.
And if we define a "strong" spoof-perfect number as:
A "strong" spoof-perfect number is a spoof-perfect number where sigma(n) does not reveal the compositeness of the odd composite factors of n which are wrongly assumed to be prime, i.e., taken as a spoof prime.
The odd composite factors of n which are wrongly assumed to be prime then have to be obtained additively in sigma(n) and not multiplicatively.
Then:
If 2^n-1 is odd composite but taken as a spoof prime then 2^(n-1)*(2^n - 1) is an even spoof perfect number (and moreover "strong" spoof-perfect).
For example:
a(8) = 2^(8-1)*(2^8 - 1) = 128*255 = 32640 (where 255 (with factors 3*5*17) is taken as a spoof prime);
sigma(a(8)) = (2^8 - 1)*(255 + 1) = 255*256 = 2*(128*255) = 2*32640 = 2n is spoof-perfect (and also "strong" spoof-perfect since 255 is obtained additively);
a(11) = 2^(11-1)*(2^11 - 1) = 1024*2047 = 2096128 (where 2047 (with factors 23*89) is taken as a spoof prime);
sigma(a(11)) = (2^11 - 1)*(2047 + 1) = 2047*2048 = 2*(1024*2047) = 2*2096128 = 2n is spoof-perfect (and also "strong" spoof-perfect since 2047 is obtained additively).
I did a Google search and didn't find anything about the distinction between "strong" versus "weak" spoof-perfect numbers. Maybe some other terminology is used.
An example of an even "weak" spoof-perfect number would be:
n = 90 = 2*5*9 (where 9 (with factors 3^2) is taken as a spoof prime);
sigma(n) = (1+2)*(1+5)*(1+9) = 3*(2*3)*(2*5) = 2*(2*5*(3^2)) = 2*90 = 2n is spoof-perfect (but is not "strong" spoof-perfect since 9 is obtained multiplicatively as 3^2 and is thus revealed composite).
Euler proved:
If 2^k - 1 is a prime number, then 2^(k-1)*(2^k - 1) is a perfect number and every even perfect number has this form.
The following seems to be true (is there a proof?):
If 2^k - 1 is an odd composite number taken as a spoof prime, then 2^(k-1)*(2^k - 1) is a "strong" spoof-perfect number and every even "strong" spoof-perfect number has this form?
There is only one known odd spoof-perfect number (found by Rene Descartes) but it is a "weak" spoof-perfect number (cf. 'Descartes numbers' and 'Unsolved problems in number theory' links below). (End)
a(n+1) = A173787(2*n+1,n); cf. A020522, A059153. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 28 2010
Also, row sums of triangle A139251. - Omar E. Pol, May 25 2010
Starting with "1" = (1, 1, 2, 4, 8, ...) convolved with A002450: (1, 5, 21, 85, 341, ...); and (1, 3, 7, 15, 31, ...) convolved with A002001: (1, 3, 12, 48, 192, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 26 2010
a(n) is also the number of toothpicks in the corner toothpick structure of A153006 after 2^n - 1 stages. - Omar E. Pol, Nov 20 2010
The number of n-dimensional odd theta functions of half-integral characteristic. (Gunning, p.22) - Michael Somos, Jan 03 2014
a(n) = A000217((2^n)-1) = 2^(2n-1) - 2^(n-1) is the nearest triangular number below 2^(2n-1); cf. A007582, A233327. - Antti Karttunen, Feb 26 2014
a(n) is the sum of all the remainders when all the odd numbers < 2^n are divided by each of the powers 2,4,8,...,2^n. - J. M. Bergot, May 07 2014
Let b(m,k) = number of ways to form a sequence of m selections, without replacement, from a circular array of m labeled cells, such that the first selection of a cell whose adjacent cells have already been selected (a "first connect") occurs on the k-th selection. b(m,k) is defined for m >=3, and for 3 <= k <= m. Then b(m,k)/2m ignores rotations and reflection. Let m=n+2, then a(n) = b(m,m-1)/2m. Reiterated, a(n) is the (m-1)th column of the triangle b(m,k)/2m, whose initial rows are (1), (1 2), (2 6 4), (6 18 28 8), (24 72 128 120 16), (120 360 672 840 496 32), (720 2160 4128 5760 5312 2016 64); see A249796. Note also that b(m,3)/2m = n!, and b(m,m)/2m = 2^n. Proofs are easy. - Tony Bartoletti, Oct 30 2014
Beginning at a(1) = 1, this sequence is the sum of the first 2^(n-1) numbers of the form 4*k + 1 = A016813(k). For example, a(4) = 120 = 1 + 5 + 9 + 13 + 17 + 21 + 25 + 29. - J. M. Bergot, Dec 07 2014
a(n) is the number of edges in the (2^n - 1)-dimensional simplex. - Dimitri Boscainos, Oct 05 2015
a(n) is the number of linear elements in a complete plane graph in 2^n points. - Dimitri Boscainos, Oct 05 2015
a(n) is the number of linear elements in a complete parallelotope graph in n dimensions. - Dimitri Boscainos, Oct 05 2015
a(n) is the number of lattices L in Z^n such that the quotient group Z^n / L is C_4. - Álvar Ibeas, Nov 26 2015
a(n) gives the quadratic coefficient of the polynomial ((x + 1)^(2^n) + (x - 1)^(2^n))/2, cf. A201461. - Martin Renner, Jan 14 2017
Let f(x)=x+2*sqrt(x) and g(x)=x-2*sqrt(x). Then f(4^n*x)=b(n)*f(x)+a(n)*g(x) and g(4^n*x)=a(n)*f(x)+b(n)*g(x), where b is A007582. - Luc Rousseau, Dec 06 2018
For n>=1, a(n) is the covering radius of the first order Reed-Muller code RM(1,2n). - Christof Beierle, Dec 22 2021
a(n) =

			G.f. = x + 6*x^2 + 28*x^3 + 120*x^4 + 496*x^5 + 2016*x^6 + 8128*x^7 + 32640*x^8 + ...

V. K. Balakrishnan, Theory and problems of Combinatorics, "Schaum's Outline Series", McGraw-Hill, 1995, p. 69.
Martin Gardner, Mathematical Carnival, "Pascal's Triangle", p. 201, Alfred A. Knopf NY, 1975.
Richard K. Guy, Unsolved problems in number theory, (p. 72).
Ross Honsberger, Mathematical Gems, M.A.A., 1973, p. 113.
Clifford A. Pickover, Wonders of Numbers, Chap. 55, Oxford Univ. Press NY 2000.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..200
David Applegate, Omar E. Pol and N. J. A. Sloane, The Toothpick Sequence and Other Sequences from Cellular Automata, Congressus Numerantium, Vol. 206 (2010), 157-191. [There is a typo in Theorem 6: (13) should read u(n) = 4.3^(wt(n-1)-1) for n >= 2.]
M. Archibald, A. Blecher, A. Knopfmacher and M. E. Mays, Inversions and Parity in Compositions of Integers, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 23 (2020), Article 20.4.1.
William Banks, Ahmet Güloğlu, Wesley Nevans and Filip Saidak, Descartes numbers, Anatomy of integers, 167-173, CRM Proc. Lecture Notes, 46, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2008. MathSciNet review (subscription required).
Taylor Brysiewicz, Holger Eble, and Lukas Kühne, Enumerating chambers of hyperplane arrangements with symmetry, arXiv:2105.14542 [math.CO], 2021.
John Elias, Illustration of initial terms: Mersenne-Sierpinski Triangles
Farideh Firoozbakht and M. F. Hasler, Variations on Euclid's formula for Perfect Numbers, JIS 13 (2010) #10.3.1.
R. C. Gunning, Riemann Surfaces and Second-Order Theta Functions, Springer-Verlag, 1976. See page 22.
Ross La Haye, Binary Relations on the Power Set of an n-Element Set, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 12 (2009), Article 09.2.6.
T. Helleseth, T. Klove and J.Mykkeltveit, On the covering radius of binary codes (Corresp.), IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 24 (1978).
V. Meally, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, May 1975
Axel Muller, Metod Saniga, Alain Giorgetti, Henri de Boutray, and Frédéric Holweck, New and improved bounds on the contextuality degree of multi-qubit configurations, arXiv:2305.10225 [quant-ph], 2023.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992.
O. S. Rothaus, On "bent" functions, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, Vol. 20 (1976).
N. J. A. Sloane, Catalog of Toothpick and Cellular Automata Sequences in the OEIS
Thomas Wieder, The number of certain k-combinations of an n-set, Applied Mathematics Electronic Notes, vol. 8 (2008).
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (6,-8).

Equals A006095(n+1) - A006095(n). In other words, A006095 gives the partial sums.
Cf. A000108, A007582, A010036, A016290, A003462, A079598, A134346, A048473, A151821, A010684.
Cf. A000043, A000396. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 30 2008
Cf. A109241, A139251, A153006. - Omar E. Pol, Aug 31 2008, May 25 2010, Nov 20 2010
Cf. A002450, A002001. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 26 2010
Cf. A049072, A000384, A201461, A005059 (binomial transform, and special 5-letter words), A065442, A211705.
Cf. A171476.

List([0..25],n->2^(n-1)*(2^n-1)); # Muniru A Asiru, Dec 06 2018

a006516 n = a006516_list !! n
a006516_list = 0 : 1 :
    zipWith (-) (map (* 6) $ tail a006516_list) (map (* 8) a006516_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 25 2013

[2^(n-1)*(2^n - 1): n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 31 2014

GBC := proc(n,k,q) local i; mul( (q^(n-i)-1)/(q^(k-i)-1),i=0..k-1); end; # define q-ary Gaussian binomial coefficient [ n,k ]_q
[ seq(GBC(n+1,2,2)-GBC(n,2,2), n=0..30) ]; # produces A006516
A006516:=1/(4*z-1)/(2*z-1); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation
seq(binomial(2^n, 2), n=0..19); # Zerinvary Lajos, Feb 22 2008

Table[2^(n - 1)(2^n - 1), {n, 0, 30}] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{6, -8}, {0, 1}, 30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 15 2011 *)

A006516(n):=2^(n-1)*(2^n - 1)$ makelist(A006516(n),n,0,30); /* Martin Ettl, Nov 15 2012 */

a(n)=(1<Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 10 2011

vector(100, n, n--; 2^(n-1)*(2^n-1)) \\ Altug Alkan, Oct 06 2015

for n in range(0, 30): print(2**(n-1)*(2**n - 1), end=', ') # Stefano Spezia, Dec 06 2018

[lucas_number1(n,6,8) for n in range(24)]  # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 22 2009

[(4**n - 2**n) / 2 for n in range(24)]  # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 05 2009

G.f.: x/((1 - 2*x)*(1 - 4*x)).
E.g.f. for a(n+1), n>=0: 2*exp(4*x) - exp(2*x).
a(n) = 2^(n-1)*Stirling2(n+1,2), n>=0, with Stirling2(n,m)=A008277(n,m).
Second column of triangle A075497.
a(n) = Stirling2(2^n,2^n-1) = binomial(2^n,2). - Ross La Haye, Jan 12 2008
a(n+1) = 4*a(n) + 2^n. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 20 2004
Convolution of 4^n and 2^n. - Ross La Haye, Oct 29 2004
a(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} Sum_{j=0..n} 4^(n-j)*binomial(j,k). - Paul Barry, Aug 05 2005
a(n+2) = 6*a(n+1) - 8*a(n), a(1) = 1, a(2) = 6. - Daniele Parisse, Jul 28 2006 [Typo corrected by Yosu Yurramendi, Aug 06 2008]
Row sums of triangle A134346. Also, binomial transform of A048473: (1, 5, 17, 53, 161, ...); double bt of A151821: (1, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ...) and triple bt of A010684: (1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 21 2007
a(n) = 3*Stirling2(n+1,4) + Stirling2(n+2,3). - Ross La Haye, Jun 01 2008
a(n) = (4^n - 2^n)/2.
a(n) = A153006(2^n-1). - Omar E. Pol, Nov 20 2010
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 2 * (A065442 - 1) = A211705 - 2. - Amiram Eldar, Dec 24 2020
a(n) = binomial(2*n+2, n+1) - Catalan(n+2). - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 01 2021
a(n) = A171476(n-1), for n >= 1, and a(0) = 0. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 27 2022

A126473 Number of strings over a 5 symbol alphabet with adjacent symbols differing by three or less.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 23, 107, 497, 2309, 10727, 49835, 231521, 1075589, 4996919, 23214443, 107848529, 501037445, 2327695367, 10813893803, 50238661313, 233396326661, 1084301290583, 5037394142315, 23402480441009, 108722104190981, 505095858086951, 2346549744920747

Offset: 0

R. H. Hardin, Dec 27 2006

[Empirical] a(base,n) = a(base-1,n) + 7^(n-1) for base >= 3n-2; a(base,n) = a(base-1,n) + 7^(n-1)-2 when base = 3n-3.
From Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010: (Start)
The a(n) represent the number of n-move routes of a fairy chess piece starting in a given side square (m = 2, 4, 6 or 8) on a 3 X 3 chessboard. This fairy chess piece behaves like a king on the eight side and corner squares but on the central square the king goes crazy and turns into a red king, see A179596.
For the side squares the 512 red kings lead to 47 different red king sequences, see the cross-references for some examples.
The sequence above corresponds to four A[5] vectors with the decimal [binary] values 367 [1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1], 463 [1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1], 487 [1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1] and 493 [1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1]. These vectors lead for the corner squares to A179596 and for the central square to A179597.
This sequence belongs to a family of sequences with g.f. (1+x)/(1-4*x-k*x^2). Red king sequences that are members of this family are A003947 (k=0), A015448 (k=1), A123347 (k=2), A126473 (k=3; this sequence) and A086347 (k=4). Other members of this family are A000351 (k=5), A001834 (k=-1), A111567 (k=-2), A048473 (k=-3) and A053220 (k=-4)
Inverse binomial transform of A154244. (End)
Equals the INVERT transform of A055099: (1, 4, 14, 50, 178, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010
Number of one-sided n-step walks taking steps from {E, W, N, NE, NW}. - Shanzhen Gao, May 10 2011
For n>=1, a(n) equals the numbers of words of length n-1 on alphabet {0,1,2,3,4} containing no subwords 00 and 11. - Milan Janjic, Jan 31 2015

Shanzhen Gao and Keh-Hsun Chen, Tackling Sequences From Prudent Self-Avoiding Walks, FCS'14, The 2014 International Conference on Foundations of Computer Science.
S. Gao and H. Niederhausen, Sequences Arising From Prudent Self-Avoiding Walks, 2010.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,3).

Cf. 5 symbol differing by two or less A126392, one or less A057960.
Cf. Red king sequences side squares [numerical value A[5]]: A086347 [495], A179598 [239], A126473 [367], A123347 [335], A179602 [95], A154964 [31], A015448 [327], A152187 [27], A003947 [325], A108981 [11], A007483 [2]. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010
Cf. A055099.

with(LinearAlgebra): nmax:=19; m:=2; A[5]:= [1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1]: A:=Matrix([[0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0],[1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0],[1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0],A[5],[0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1],[0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1],[0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0]]): for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m,k],k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010
# second Maple program:
a:= n-> (M-> M[1,2]+M[2,2])(<<0|1>, <3|4>>^n):
seq(a(n), n=0..24);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jun 28 2021

LinearRecurrence[{4, 3}, {1, 5}, 24] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 10 2024 *)

a(n)=([0,1; 3,4]^n*[1;5])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, May 10 2016

From Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010: (Start)
G.f.: (1+x)/(1-4*x-3*x^2).
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) + 3*a(n-2) with a(0) = 1 and a(1) = 5.
a(n) = ((1+3/sqrt(7))/2)*(A)^(-n) + ((1-3/sqrt(7))/2)*(B)^(-n) with A = (-2 + sqrt(7))/3 and B = (-2-sqrt(7))/3.
Lim_{k->oo} a(n+k)/a(k) = (-1)^(n+1)*A000244(n)/(A015530(n)*sqrt(7)-A108851(n))
(End)
a(n) = A015330(n)+A015330(n+1). - R. J. Mathar, May 09 2023

Edited by Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 10 2010

A112468 Riordan array (1/(1-x), x/(1+x)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 0, 2, -2, 1, 1, 1, -2, 4, -3, 1, 1, 0, 3, -6, 7, -4, 1, 1, 1, -3, 9, -13, 11, -5, 1, 1, 0, 4, -12, 22, -24, 16, -6, 1, 1, 1, -4, 16, -34, 46, -40, 22, -7, 1, 1, 0, 5, -20, 50, -80, 86, -62, 29, -8, 1, 1, 1, -5, 25, -70, 130, -166, 148, -91, 37, -9, 1, 1, 0, 6, -30, 95, -200, 296, -314, 239, -128, 46, -10, 1

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Sep 06 2005

Row sums are A040000. Diagonal sums are A112469. Inverse is A112467. Row sums of k-th power are 1, k+1, k+1, k+1, .... Note that C(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n-k} C(n-j-1, n-k-j).
Equals row reversal of triangle A112555 up to sign, where log(A112555) = A112555 - I. Unsigned row sums equals A052953 (Jacobsthal numbers + 1). Central terms of even-indexed rows are a signed version of A072547. Sums of squared terms in rows yields A112556, which equals the first differences of the unsigned central terms. - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 20 2006
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000012(n), A040000(n), A005408(n), A033484(n), A048473(n), A020989(n), A057651(n), A061801(n), A238275(n), A238276(n), A138894(n), A090843(n), A199023(n) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 respectively (see the square array in A112739). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 22 2014

			Triangle starts
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  0,  1;
  1,  1, -1,  1;
  1,  0,  2, -2,  1;
  1,  1, -2,  4, -3,  1;
  1,  0,  3, -6,  7, -4,  1;
Matrix log begins:
  0;
  1,  0;
  1,  0,  0;
  1,  1, -1,  0;
  1,  1,  1, -2,  0;
  1,  1,  1,  1, -3,  0; ...
Production matrix begins
  1,  1,
  0, -1,  1,
  0,  0, -1,  1,
  0,  0,  0, -1,  1,
  0,  0,  0,  0, -1,  1,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, -1,  1,
  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, -1,  1.
- _Paul Barry_, Apr 08 2011

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 0..125 of triangle, flattened
H. Belbachir and F. Bencherif, On some properties of bivariate Fibonacci and Lucas Polynomials, JIS 11 (2008) 08.2.6.
Hacene Belbachir and Athmane Benmezai, Expansion of Fibonacci and Lucas Polynomials: An Answer to Prodinger's Question, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 (2012), #12.7.6.
Emeric Deutsch, L. Ferrari and S. Rinaldi, Production Matrices, Advances in Applied Mathematics, 34 (2005) pp. 101-122.
Kyu-Hwan Lee and Se-jin Oh, Catalan triangle numbers and binomial coefficients, arXiv:1601.06685 [math.CO], 2016.
H. Prodinger, On the expansion of Fibonacci and Lucas Polynomials, JIS 12 (2009) 09.1.6.

Cf. A174294, A174295, A174296, A174297. - Mats Granvik, Mar 15 2010
Cf. A072547 (central terms), A112555 (reversed rows), A112465, A052953, A112556, A112739, A119258.
See A279006 for another version.

T:= function(n,k)
    if k=0 or k=n then return 1;
    else return T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-1,k);
    fi;
  end;
Flat(List([0..12], n-> List([0..n], k-> T(n,k) ))); # G. C. Greubel, Nov 13 2019

a112468 n k = a112468_tabl !! n !! k
a112468_row n = a112468_tabl !! n
a112468_tabl = iterate (\xs -> zipWith (-) ([2] ++ xs) (xs ++ [0])) [1]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 03 2014

function T(n,k)
  if k eq 0 or k eq n then return 1;
  else return T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-1,k);
  end if;
  return T;
end function;
[T(n,k): k in [0..n], n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 13 2019

T := (n,k,m) -> (1-m)^(-n+k)-m^(k+1)*pochhammer(n-k,k+1)*hypergeom( [1,n+1],[k+2],m)/(k+1)!; A112468 := (n,k) -> T(n,n-k,-1);
seq(print(seq(simplify(A112468(n,k)),k=0..n)),n=0..10); # Peter Luschny, Jul 25 2014

T[n_, 0] = 1; T[n_, n_] = 1; T[n_, k_ ]:= T[n, k] = T[n-1, k-1] - T[n-1, k]; Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 12}, {k, 0, n}]//Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013 *)

{T(n,k)=local(m=1,x=X+X*O(X^n),y=Y+Y*O(Y^k)); polcoeff(polcoeff((1+(m-1)*x)*(1+m*x)/(1+m*x-x*y)/(1-x),n,X),k,Y)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jan 20 2006

T(n,k) = if(k==0 || k==n, 1, T(n-1, k-1) - T(n-1, k)); \\ G. C. Greubel, Nov 13 2019

@CachedFunction
def T(n, k):
    if (k<0 or n<0): return 0
    elif (k==0 or k==n): return 1
    else: return T(n-1, k-1) - T(n-1, k)
[[T(n, k) for k in (0..n)] for n in (0..12)] # G. C. Greubel, Nov 13 2019

Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: T(n,0)=1, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-1,k). - Mats Granvik, Mar 15 2010
Number triangle T(n, k)= Sum_{j=0..n-k} C(n-j-1, n-k-j)*(-1)^(n-k-j).
G.f. of matrix power T^m: (1+(m-1)*x)*(1+m*x)/(1+m*x-x*y)/(1-x). G.f. of matrix log: x*(1-2*x*y+x^2*y)/(1-x*y)^2/(1-x). - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 20 2006
T(n, k) = R(n,n-k,-1) where R(n,k,m) = (1-m)^(-n+k)-m^(k+1)*Pochhammer(n-k,k+1)*hyper2F1([1,n+1],[k+2],m)/(k+1)!. - Peter Luschny, Jul 25 2014

A356867 For n >= 1, write n = 3^m + k, where m >= 0 is the greatest power of 3 <= n, and k is in the range 0 <= k < 3^(m+1) - 3^m, then for n such that k=0, a(n)=n, and for n such that k > 0, a(n) is the smallest prime multiple p*a(k), p != 3, that is not already a term.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 6, 10, 8, 9, 7, 14, 15, 25, 20, 12, 50, 16, 18, 35, 28, 30, 125, 40, 24, 100, 32, 27, 11, 22, 21, 55, 44, 42, 70, 56, 45, 49, 98, 75, 175, 140, 60, 250, 80, 36, 245, 196, 150, 625, 200, 48, 500, 64, 54, 77, 110, 105, 275, 88, 84, 350, 112, 90, 343

Offset: 1

David James Sycamore, Sep 01 2022

Any prime p may be used to generate a sequence D(p) of this kind. The present sequence is D(3), and D(2) is the Doudna sequence, A005940.
Conjectured to be a permutation of the positive integers in which the primes appear in order.
From Antti Karttunen, Sep 16 2023: (Start)
The conjecture is true: Sequence is a permutation of natural numbers. By definition it is injective, and the surjectivity is guaranteed by the fact that there are infinitely many such n > k encountered by the greedy algorithm that a(n) will be a multiple of a(k), and "the smallest prime multiple" condition guarantees that all multiples of a(k) will eventually appear. That the primes and A100484 appear in order follows from the formulas a(3^m + 1) = prime(m+2), and a(3^m + 2) = 2*prime(m+2).
If the base-3 representation of n-1 has the base-3 representation of k-1 as its suffix, then a(n) is a multiple of a(k). For example, A007089(16-1) = 120, and A007089(43-1) = 1120, thus the former is the suffix of the latter, and a(16) = 50 indeed divides a(43) = 250.
(End)

			n=1=3^0+0 so a(1)=1. n=2=3^0+1 so k=1 and a(2)=2. Similarly a(3)=3 and a(9)=9.
n=10=3^2+1, therefore k=1 and a(1)=1 so a(10)=1*7=7 (since 2 and 5 have already occurred).

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..19683 (19683 = 3^9)
Michael De Vlieger, Fan style ternary tree showing a(n) for n = 1..3^9, with a heat map color function for level m where 3^m is blue, smaller values are bluer, and larger are yellow-green. The smallest value in level m is shown in purple and largest is shown in red.
Index entries for sequences that are permutations of the natural numbers

Cf. A007089, A007949, A011655, A048473, A100484, A053735, A364958 (fixed points), A365390 (inverse permutation), A365424, A365459, A365462 [= a(n)-n], A365463 [= gcd(a(n),n)], A365464, A365465, A365717 [= A348717(a(1+n))], A365719 [= A046523(a(1+n))], A365721 [= omega(a(1+n))], A365722 [= bigomega(a(1+n))].

Cf. also A005940, A364611, A364628 for variants D(2), D(5) and D(7).

Block[{a, c, i, j, k, m, t, nn}, nn = 64; m = 1; i = 2; p = Prime[i]; c[] = False; Do[Set[{m, k}, {1, n - p^Floor[Log[p, n]]}]; If[k == 0, Set[{a[n], c[n]}, {n, True}], While[Set[t, Prime[m] a[k]]; Or[m == i, c[t]], m++]; Set[{a[n], c[t]}, {t, True}]], {n, nn}]; Array[a, nn] ] (* _Michael De Vlieger, Sep 01 2022 *)

up_to = 19683;
A356867list(up_to) = { my(v=vector(up_to),met=Map(),h=0,ak); for(i=1,#v,if(1==vecsum(digits(i,3)), v[i] = i; h = i, ak = v[i-h]; forprime(p=2,,if(3!=p && !mapisdefined(met,p*ak), v[i] = p*ak; break))); mapput(met,v[i],i)); (v); };
v356867 = A356867list(up_to);
A356867(n) = v356867[n]; \\ Antti Karttunen, Sep 15 2023

from sympy import nextprime
from sympy.ntheory import digits
from itertools import count, islice
def b(n): return n - 3**(len(digits(n,3)) - 2)
def agen():
    aset, alst = set(), [None]
    for n in count(1):
        k = b(n)
        if k == 0: an = n
        else:
            ak, p = alst[k], 2
            while p == 3 or p*ak in aset: p = nextprime(p)
            an = p*ak
        yield an; aset.add(an); alst.append(an)
print(list(islice(agen(), 64))) # Michael S. Branicky, Sep 02 2022

a(3^m + 1) = prime(m+2) for m >= 1.
Conjectures from Jianing Song, Nov 23 2022: (Start)
(1) a(3^m+2) = 2*prime(m+2) for m >= 2. - [The conjecture is true because a(2) = 2 and 3^m + 2 < 3^(1+m) + (3^m) + 1 for all m - Antti Karttunen, Sep 16 2023]
(2) For n > m >= 1, a(3^n+3^m+1) = prime(m+2)^2 for n = m+1; prime(n+2)*prime(m+2)^2 for n >= m+2.
(3) For n > m >= 1, a(3^n+3^m+2) = 4*prime(n+2) for n >= 3, m = 1; 2*prime(m+2)^2 for n = m+1, m >= 2; 2*prime(m+2)*prime(m+3) for n = m+2, m >= 2; 2*prime(n+2)*prime(m+2)^2 for n >= m+3, m >= 2. (End)
From Antti Karttunen, Sep 17 2023: (Start)
If A053735(n) = 1, then a(n) = n, otherwise a(n) = A365424(n) * a(A365459(n)).
For all n >= 1, A007949(a(n)) = A007949(n) and a(3*n) = 3*a(n).
For n >= 1, a(3^n - 1) = 2^(2n - 1), a(A048473(n)) = 2^(2*(n-1)).
These are conjectures so far:
For n >= 1, a(3^n - 2) = 10^(n-1).
For n >= 2, a(3^n - 3) = A002023(n-2) = 6*4^(n-2).
(End)

More terms from Michael De Vlieger, Sep 01 2022

A067771 Number of vertices in Sierpiński triangle of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 6, 15, 42, 123, 366, 1095, 3282, 9843, 29526, 88575, 265722, 797163, 2391486, 7174455, 21523362, 64570083, 193710246, 581130735, 1743392202, 5230176603, 15690529806, 47071589415, 141214768242, 423644304723, 1270932914166

Offset: 0

Martin Wessendorf (martinw(AT)mail.ahc.umn.edu), Feb 09 2002

An order 0 Sierpiński triangle is a triangle. Order n+1 is formed from three copies of order n by identifying pairs of corner vertices of each pair of triangles. - Allan Bickle, Aug 03 2024
This sequence represents another link from the product factor space Q X Q / {(1,1), (-1, -1)} to Sierpiński's triangle. The first "link" found was to sequence A048473. - Creighton Dement, Aug 05 2004
a(n) equals the number of orbits of the finite group PSU(3,3^n) on subsets of size 3 of the 3^(3n)+1 isotropic points of a unitary 3 space. - Paul M. Bradley, Jan 31 2017
For n >= 1, number of edges in a planar Apollonian graph at iteration n. - Andrew D. Walker, Jul 08 2017
Also the total domination number of the (n+3)-Dorogovtsev-Goltsev-Mendes graph, using the convention DGM(0) = P_2. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 14 2024

			Order 0 is a triangle, so a(0) = 3.
Order 1 has three corners (degree 2) and three other vertices, so a(1) = 6.
3 example graphs:                        o
                                        / \
                                       o---o
                                      / \ / \
                        o            o---o---o
                       / \          / \     / \
             o        o---o        o---o   o---o
            / \      / \ / \      / \ / \ / \ / \
           o---o    o---o---o    o---o---o---o---o
Graph:      S_1        S_2              S_3
Vertices:    3          6                15
Edges:       3          9                27

Peter Wessendorf and Kristina Downing, personal communication.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..600
Allan Bickle, Properties of Sierpinski Triangle Graphs, Springer PROMS 448 (2021) 295-303.
Paul Bradley and Peter Rowley, Orbits on k-subsets of 2-transitive Simple Lie-type Groups, 2014.
A. Hinz, S. Klavzar, and S. Zemljic, A survey and classification of Sierpinski-type graphs, Discrete Applied Mathematics 217 3 (2017), 565-600.
András Kaszanyitzky, Triangular fractal approximating graphs and their covering paths and cycles, arXiv:1710.09475 [math.CO], 2017. See Table 2.
C. Lanius, Fractals.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Dorogovtsev-Goltsev-Mendes Graph.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpiński Gasket Graph.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Total Domination Number.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,-3).

Cf. A048473.
Cf. A003462, A007051, A034472, A024023.
Cf. A007283, A029858, A067771, A193277, A233774, A233775, A246959 (Sierpiński triangle graphs).

[(3/2)*(1+3^n): n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 20 2011

LinearRecurrence[{4, -3}, {3, 6}, 26] (* or *)
CoefficientList[Series[3 (1 - 2 x)/((1 - x) (1 - 3 x)), {x, 0, 25}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Feb 02 2017 *)
Table[3/2 (3^n + 1), {n, 0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 14 2024 *)
3/2 (3^Range[0, 20] + 1) (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 14 2024 *)

a(n) = (3/2)*(3^n + 1).
a(n) = 3 + 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + 3^4 + ... + 3^n = 3 + Sum_{k=1..n} 3^n.
a(n) = 3*A007051(n).
a(0) = 3, a(n) = a(n-1) + 3^n. a(n) = (3/2)*(1+3^n). - Zak Seidov, Mar 19 2007
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2).
G.f.: 3*(1-2*x)/((1-x)*(1-3*x)). - Colin Barker, Jan 10 2012
a(n) = A233774(2^n). - Omar E. Pol, Dec 16 2013
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3. - Zak Seidov, Oct 26 2014
E.g.f.: 3*(exp(x) + exp(3*x))/2. - Stefano Spezia, Feb 09 2021
a(n) = A029858(n+1) + 3. - Allan Bickle, Aug 03 2024

More terms from Benoit Cloitre, Feb 22 2002

A087455 Expansion of (1 - x)/(1 - 2x + 3x^2) in powers of x.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -1, -5, -7, 1, 23, 43, 17, -95, -241, -197, 329, 1249, 1511, -725, -5983, -9791, -1633, 26107, 57113, 35905, -99529, -306773, -314959, 290401, 1525679, 2180155, -216727, -6973919, -13297657, -5673557, 28545857, 74112385, 62587199, -97162757, -382087111, -472685951

Offset: 0

Simone Severini, Oct 23 2003

Type 2 generalized Gaussian Fibonacci integers.
Binomial transform of A077966. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 02 2008
The real component of Q^n, where Q is the quaternion 1 + 0*i + 1*j + 1*k. - Stanislav Sykora, Jun 11 2012
If entries are multiplied by 2*(-1)^n, which gives 2, -2, -2, 10, -14, -2, 46, -86, 34, 190, -482, 394, ..., we obtain the Lucas V(-2,3) sequence. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 08 2013
The real component of (1 + sqrt(-2))^n. - Giovanni Resta, Apr 01 2014
It is an open question whether or not this sequence satisfies Benford's law [Berger-Hill, 2017; Arno Berger, email, Jan 06 2017]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 08 2017
Given an alternated cubic honeycomb with a planar dissection along a plane from edge to opposite edge of the containing cube. The sequence (1 + sqrt(-2))^n contains a real component representing distance along the edge of the tetrahedron/octahedron and an imaginary component representing the orthogonal distance along the sqrt(2) axis in a tetrahedron/octahedron, this generates a unique cevian (line from the apical vertex to a vertex on the triangular tiling composing the opposite face) in this plane with length (sqrt(3))^n. - Jason Pruski, Sep 04 2017, Jan 08 2018
From Peter Bala, Apr 01 2018: (Start)
This sequence is the Lucas sequence V(n,2,3). The companion Lucas sequence U(n,2,3) is A088137.
Define a binary operation o on rational numbers by x o y = (x + y)/(1 - 2*x*y). This is a commutative and associative operation with identity 0. Then 1 o 1 o ... o 1 (n terms) = A088137(n)/a(n). Cf. A025172 and A127357. (End)

			G.f. = 1 + x - x^2 - 5*x^3 - 7*x^4 + x^5 + 23*x6 + 43*x^7 + 17*x^8 - 95*x^9 + ...

Arno Berger and Theodore P. Hill. An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press, 2015.
S. Severini, A note on two integer sequences arising from the 3-dimensional hypercube, Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK (October 2003).

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..3500
Beata Bajorska-Harapińska, Barbara Smoleń, and Roman Wituła, On Quaternion Equivalents for Quasi-Fibonacci Numbers, Shortly Quaternaccis, Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras (2019) Vol. 29, 54.
A. Berger and T. P. Hill, What is Benford's Law?, Notices, Amer. Math. Soc., 64:2 (2017), 132-134.
F. Beukers, The multiplicity of binary recurrences, Compositio Mathematica, Tome 40 (1980) no. 2 , p. 251-267. See Theorem 2 p. 259.
M. Mignotte, Propriétés arithmétiques des suites récurrentes, Besançon, 1988-1989, see p. 14. In French.
Wikipedia, Lucas sequence
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,-3).
Index entries for sequences related to Benford's law

Cf. A025172, A048473, A077966, A084102, A088137, A088138, A098158, A124182, A127357.

[n le 2 select 1 else 2*Self(n-1) -3*Self(n-2): n in [1..41]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jan 03 2024

Digits:=100; a:=n->round(abs(evalf((3^(n/2))*cos(n*arctan(sqrt(2))))));
# alternative:
a:= gfun:-rectoproc({a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2),a(0)=1,a(1)=1},a(n),remember):
map(a, [$0..100]); # Robert Israel, Jun 23 2015

CoefficientList[Series[(1-x)/(1-2*x+3*x^2), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Apr 01 2014 *)
a[ n_] := ChebyshevT[ n, 1/Sqrt[3]] Sqrt[3]^n // Simplify; (* Michael Somos, May 15 2015 *)
LinearRecurrence[{2,-3},{1,1},50] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 30 2019 *)

{a(n) = real( (1 + quadgen(-8))^n )}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 26 2006 */

{a(n) = real( subst( poltchebi(n), 'x, quadgen(12) / 3) * quadgen(12)^n)}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 26 2006 */

a(n)=simplify(polchebyshev(n,,quadgen(12)/3)*quadgen(12)^n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 26 2013

[sqrt(3)^n*chebyshev_T(n, 1/sqrt(3)) for n in range(41)] # G. C. Greubel, Jan 03 2024

a(n) = (3^(n/2))*cos(n*arctan(sqrt(2))). - Paul Barry, Oct 23 2003
From Paul Barry, Sep 03 2004: (Start)
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2).
a(n) = (-1)^n*Sum_{m=0..n} binomial(n, m)*Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(m, 2k)2^(m-k).
Binomial transform of 1/(1 + 2*x^2), or (1, 0, -2, 0, 4, 0, -8, 0, 16, ...). (End)
a(n+1) = a(n+2) - 2*A088137(n+1), a(n+1) = A088137(n+2) - A088137(n+1). - Creighton Dement, Oct 28 2004
a(n) = upper left and lower right terms of [1,-2, 1,1]^n. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 28 2008
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A098158(n,k)*(-2)^(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 14 2008
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A124182(n,k)*(-3)^(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 15 2008
G.f.: G(0)/2, where G(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x*(2*k+1)/(x*(2*k+3) + 1/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 25 2013
a(n) = a(-n) * 3^n for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Aug 25 2014
E.g.f.: (1/2)*(exp((1 - i*sqrt(2))*x) + exp((1 + i*sqrt(2))*x)), where i is the imaginary unit. - Stefano Spezia, Jul 17 2019

The explicit formula was given by Paul Barry.
Corrected and extended by N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 01 2004
More terms from Creighton Dement, Jul 31 2004

A100774 a(n) = 2*(3^n - 1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 4, 16, 52, 160, 484, 1456, 4372, 13120, 39364, 118096, 354292, 1062880, 3188644, 9565936, 28697812, 86093440, 258280324, 774840976, 2324522932, 6973568800, 20920706404, 62762119216, 188286357652, 564859072960, 1694577218884

Offset: 0

Pawel P. Mazur (Pawel.Mazur(AT)pwr.wroc.pl), Apr 06 2005

a(n) is the number of steps which are made when generating all n-step nonreversing random walks that begin in a fixed point P on a two-dimensional square lattice. To make one step means to move along one edge on the lattice.
These are also the first local maxima reached in the Collatz trajectories of 2^n - 1. - David Rabahy, Oct 30 2017
Also the graph diameter of the n-Sierpinski carpet graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 13 2018
a(n) is the number of edge covers of F_{n,2}, which has adjacent vertices u and w, and n vertices each adjacent to both u and w. An edge cover is a subset of the edges where each vertex is adjacent to at least one vertex. To cover each of the n vertices v_i, we need to have at least the edge uv_i or wv_i or both, giving us three choices for each. We can then add the edge uw or not, which is 2*3^n choices. But we need to remove the case where all uv_i's were chosen and uw not chosen, and all ww_i's were chosen and uw not chosen. - Feryal Alayont, Jun 17 2024

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..196
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Graph Diameter
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpinski Carpet Graph
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,-3).

Cf. A003462, A007051, A024023, A029858, A034472, A048473, A058481, A067771, A079004, A115099, A134931.

[2*(3^n - 1): n in [0..25] ]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 30 2011

Table[2 (3^n - 1), {n, 0, 24}] (* Alonso del Arte, Nov 08 2012 *)
2 (3^Range[0, 20] - 1) (* Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 13 2018 *)
LinearRecurrence[{4, -3}, {4, 16}, {0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 13 2018 *)
CoefficientList[Series[4 x/(1 - 4 x + 3 x^2), {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 13 2018 *)

A100774(n):=2*(3^n - 1)$
makelist(A100774(n),n,0,30); /* Martin Ettl, Nov 09 2012 */

a(n)=2*3^n-2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 09 2012

a(n) = 2*(3^n - 1).
a(n) = 4*Sum_{i=0..n-1} 3^i.
a(n) = 4*A003462(n).
a(n) = A048473(n) - 1. - Paul Curtz, Jan 19 2009
G.f.: 4*x/((1-x)*(1-3*x)). - Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 13 2018
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2). - Eric W. Weisstein, Mar 13 2018
From Elmo R. Oliveira, Dec 06 2023: (Start)
a(n) = 2*A024023(n).
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 4 for n>0.
E.g.f.: 2*(exp(3*x) - exp(x)). (End)

cp's OEIS Frontend

A062318 Numbers of the form 3^m - 1 or 2*3^m - 1; i.e., the union of sequences A048473 and A024023.

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A154992 A048473 prefixed by two zeros.

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A008776 Pisot sequences E(2,6), L(2,6), P(2,6), T(2,6).

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A006516 a(n) = 2^(n-1)*(2^n - 1), n >= 0.

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A126473 Number of strings over a 5 symbol alphabet with adjacent symbols differing by three or less.

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A087455 Expansion of (1 - x)/(1 - 2x + 3x^2) in powers of x.