A084128 -id:A084128 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001333 Pell-Lucas numbers: numerators of continued fraction convergents to sqrt(2).

1, 1, 3, 7, 17, 41, 99, 239, 577, 1393, 3363, 8119, 19601, 47321, 114243, 275807, 665857, 1607521, 3880899, 9369319, 22619537, 54608393, 131836323, 318281039, 768398401, 1855077841, 4478554083, 10812186007, 26102926097, 63018038201, 152139002499, 367296043199

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane and R. K. Guy

Number of n-step non-selfintersecting paths starting at (0,0) with steps of types (1,0), (-1,0) or (0,1) [Stanley].
Number of n steps one-sided prudent walks with east, west and north steps. - Shanzhen Gao, Apr 26 2011
Number of ternary strings of length n-1 with subwords (0,2) and (2,0) not allowed. - Olivier Gérard, Aug 28 2012
Number of symmetric 2n X 2 or (2n-1) X 2 crossword puzzle grids: all white squares are edge connected; at least 1 white square on every edge of grid; 180-degree rotational symmetry. - Erich Friedman
a(n+1) is the number of ways to put molecules on a 2 X n ladder lattice so that the molecules do not touch each other.
In other words, a(n+1) is the number of independent vertex sets and vertex covers in the n-ladder graph P_2 X P_n. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 04 2017
Number of (n-1) X 2 binary arrays with a path of adjacent 1's from top row to bottom row, see A359576. - R. H. Hardin, Mar 16 2002
a(2*n+1) with b(2*n+1) := A000129(2*n+1), n >= 0, give all (positive integer) solutions to Pell equation a^2 - 2*b^2 = -1.
a(2*n) with b(2*n) := A000129(2*n), n >= 1, give all (positive integer) solutions to Pell equation a^2 - 2*b^2 = +1 (see Emerson reference).
Bisection: a(2*n) = T(n,3) = A001541(n), n >= 0 and a(2*n+1) = S(2*n,2*sqrt(2)) = A002315(n), n >= 0, with T(n,x), resp. S(n,x), Chebyshev's polynomials of the first, resp. second kind. See A053120, resp. A049310.
Binomial transform of A077957. - Paul Barry, Feb 25 2003
For n > 0, the number of (s(0), s(1), ..., s(n)) such that 0 < s(i) < 4 and |s(i) - s(i-1)| <= 1 for i = 1,2,...,n, s(0) = 2, s(n) = 2. - Herbert Kociemba, Jun 02 2004
For n > 1, a(n) corresponds to the longer side of a near right-angled isosceles triangle, one of the equal sides being A000129(n). - Lekraj Beedassy, Aug 06 2004
Exponents of terms in the series F(x,1), where F is determined by the equation F(x,y) = xy + F(x^2*y,x). - Jonathan Sondow, Dec 18 2004
Number of n-words from the alphabet A={0,1,2} which two neighbors differ by at most 1. - Fung Cheok Yin (cheokyin_restart(AT)yahoo.com.hk), Aug 30 2006
Consider the mapping f(a/b) = (a + 2b)/(a + b). Taking a = b = 1 to start with and carrying out this mapping repeatedly on each new (reduced) rational number gives the following sequence 1/1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29, ... converging to 2^(1/2). Sequence contains the numerators. - Amarnath Murthy, Mar 22 2003 [Amended by Paul E. Black (paul.black(AT)nist.gov), Dec 18 2006]
Odd-indexed prime numerators are prime RMS numbers (A140480) and also NSW primes (A088165). - Ctibor O. Zizka, Aug 13 2008
The intermediate convergents to 2^(1/2) begin with 4/3, 10/7, 24/17, 58/41; essentially, numerators=A052542 and denominators here. - Clark Kimberling, Aug 26 2008
Equals right border of triangle A143966. Starting (1, 3, 7, ...) equals INVERT transform of (1, 2, 2, 2, ...) and row sums of triangle A143966. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 06 2008
Inverse binomial transform of A006012; Hankel transform is := [1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...]. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 04 2008
From Charlie Marion, Jan 07 2009: (Start)
In general, denominators, a(k,n) and numerators, b(k,n), of continued fraction convergents to sqrt((k+1)/k) may be found as follows:
let a(k,0) = 1, a(k,1) = 2k; for n>0, a(k,2n) = 2*a(k,2n-1) + a(k,2n-2) and a(k,2n+1) = (2k)*a(k,2n) + a(k,2n-1);
let b(k,0) = 1, b(k,1) = 2k+1; for n>0, b(k,2n) = 2*b(k,2n-1) + b(k,2n-2) and b(k,2n+1) = (2k)*b(k,2n) + b(k,2n-1).
For example, the convergents to sqrt(2/1) start 1/1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29.
In general, if a(k,n) and b(k,n) are the denominators and numerators, respectively, of continued fraction convergents to sqrt((k+1)/k) as defined above, then
k*a(k,2n)^2 - a(k,2n-1)*a(k,2n+1) = k = k*a(k,2n-2)*a(k,2n) - a(k,2n-1)^2 and
b(k,2n-1)*b(k,2n+1) - k*b(k,2n)^2 = k+1 = b(k,2n-1)^2 - k*b(k,2n-2)*b(k,2n);
for example, if k=1 and n=3, then b(1,n)=a(n+1) and
1*a(1,6)^2 - a(1,5)*a(1,7) = 1*169^2 - 70*408 = 1;
1*a(1,4)*a(1,6) - a(1,5)^2 = 1*29*169 - 70^2 = 1;
b(1,5)*b(1,7) - 1*b(1,6)^2 = 99*577 - 1*239^2 = 2;
b(1,5)^2 - 1*b(1,4)*b(1,6) = 99^2 - 1*41*239 = 2.
Cf. A000129, A142238-A142239, A153313-A153318.
(End)
This sequence occurs in the lower bound of the order of the set of equivalent resistances of n equal resistors combined in series and in parallel (A048211). - Sameen Ahmed Khan, Jun 28 2010
Let M = a triangle with the Fibonacci series in each column, but the leftmost column is shifted upwards one row. A001333 = lim_{n->infinity} M^n, the left-shifted vector considered as a sequence. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2010
a(n) is the number of compositions of n when there are 1 type of 1 and 2 types of other natural numbers. - Milan Janjic, Aug 13 2010
Equals the INVERTi transform of A055099. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010
From L. Edson Jeffery, Apr 04 2011: (Start)
Let U be the unit-primitive matrix (see [Jeffery])
U = U_(8,2) = (0 0 1 0)
              (0 1 0 1)
              (1 0 2 0)
              (0 2 0 1).
Then a(n) = (1/4)*Trace(U^n). (See also A084130, A006012.)
(End)
For n >= 1, row sums of triangle
  m/k.|..0.....1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7
  ==================================================
  .0..|..1
  .1..|..1.....2
  .2..|..1.....2.....4
  .3..|..1.....4.....4.....8
  .4..|..1.....4....12.....8....16
  .5..|..1.....6....12....32....16....32
  .6..|..1.....6....24....32....80....32....64
  .7..|..1.....8....24....80....80...192....64...128
which is the triangle for numbers 2^k*C(m,k) with duplicated diagonals. - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 12 2012
a(n) is also the number of ways to place k non-attacking wazirs on a 2 X n board, summed over all k >= 0 (a wazir is a leaper [0,1]). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 08 2012
The sequences a(n) and b(n) := A000129(n) are entries of powers of the special case of the Brahmagupta Matrix - for details see Suryanarayan's paper. Further, as Suryanarayan remark, if we set A = 2*(a(n) + b(n))*b(n), B = a(n)*(a(n) + 2*b(n)), C = a(n)^2 + 2*a(n)*b(n) + 2*b(n)^2 we obtain integral solutions of the Pythagorean relation A^2 + B^2 = C^2, where A and B are consecutive integers. - Roman Witula, Jul 28 2012
Pisano period lengths: 1, 1, 8, 4, 12, 8, 6, 4, 24, 12, 24, 8, 28, 6, 24, 8, 16, 24, 40, 12, .... - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
This sequence and A000129 give the diagonal numbers described by Theon of Smyrna. - Sture Sjöstedt, Oct 20 2012
a(n) is the top left entry of the n-th power of any of the following six 3 X 3 binary matrices: [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 0; 1, 1, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 1; 1, 1, 0] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 0; 1, 0, 1] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 1; 1, 0, 1] or [1, 1, 1; 1, 0, 0; 1, 1, 1]. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 03 2014
If p is prime, a(p) == 1 (mod p) (compare with similar comment for A000032). - Creighton Dement, Oct 11 2005, modified by Davide Colazingari, Jun 26 2016
a(n) = A000129(n) + A000129(n-1), where A000129(n) is the n-th Pell Number; e.g., a(6) = 99 = A000129(6) + A000129(5) = 70 + 29. Hence the sequence of fractions has the form 1 + A000129(n-1)/A000129(n), and the ratio A000129(n-1)/A000129(n)converges to sqrt(2) - 1. - Gregory L. Simay, Nov 30 2018
For n > 0, a(n+1) is the length of tau^n(1) where tau is the morphism: 1 -> 101, 0 -> 1. See Song and Wu. - Michel Marcus, Jul 21 2020
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of nonisomorphic quasitrivial semigroups with n elements, see Devillet, Marichal, Teheux. A292932 is the number of labeled quasitrivial semigroups. - Peter Jipsen, Mar 28 2021
a(n) is the permanent of the n X n tridiagonal matrix defined in A332602. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 12 2022
From Greg Dresden, May 08 2023: (Start)
For n >= 2, 4*a(n) is the number of ways to tile this T-shaped figure of length n-1 with two colors of squares and one color of domino; shown here is the figure of length 5 (corresponding to n=6), and it has 4*a(6) = 396 different tilings.
   _
  || _  
  |||_|||
  |_|
(End)
12*a(n) = number of walks of length n in the cyclic Kautz digraph CK(3,4). - Miquel A. Fiol, Feb 15 2024

			Convergents are 1, 3/2, 7/5, 17/12, 41/29, 99/70, 239/169, 577/408, 1393/985, 3363/2378, 8119/5741, 19601/13860, 47321/33461, 114243/80782, ... = A001333/A000129.
The 15 3 X 2 crossword grids, with white squares represented by an o:
  ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo oo. o.o .oo o.. .o. ..o oo. .oo
  ooo oo. o.o .oo o.. .o. ..o ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo .oo oo.
G.f. = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 17*x^4 + 41*x^5 + 99*x^6 + 239*x^7 + 577*x^8 + ...

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Index entries for "core" sequences.
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,1).

For denominators see A000129.
See A040000 for the continued fraction expansion of sqrt(2).
See also A078057 which is the same sequence without the initial 1.
Cf. also A002203, A152113.
Row sums of unsigned Chebyshev T-triangle A053120. a(n)= A054458(n, 0) (first column of convolution triangle).
Row sums of A140750, A160756, A135837.
Equals A034182(n-1) + 2 and A084128(n)/2^n. First differences of A052937. Partial sums of A052542. Pairwise sums of A048624. Bisection of A002965.
The following sequences (and others) belong to the same family: A001333, A000129, A026150, A002605, A046717, A015518, A084057, A063727, A002533, A002532, A083098, A083099, A083100, A015519.
Second row of the array in A135597.
Cf. A048211, A153588, A174283, A174284, A174285, A174286, A176499, A176500, A176501, A176502.
Cf. A055099.
Cf. A028859, A001906 / A088305, A033303, A000225, A095263, A003945, A006356, A002478, A214260, A001911 and A000217 for other restricted ternary words.
Cf. Triangle A106513 (alternating row sums).
Equals A293004 + 1.
Cf. A033539, A332602, A086395 (subseq. of primes).

a001333 n = a001333_list !! n
a001333_list = 1 : 1 : zipWith (+)
                       a001333_list (map (* 2) $ tail a001333_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 08 2012

[n le 2 select 1 else 2*Self(n-1)+Self(n-2): n in [1..35]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 10 2018

A001333 := proc(n) option remember; if n=0 then 1 elif n=1 then 1 else 2*procname(n-1)+procname(n-2) fi end;
Digits := 50; A001333 := n-> round((1/2)*(1+sqrt(2))^n);
with(numtheory): cf := cfrac (sqrt(2),1000): [seq(nthnumer(cf,i), i=0..50)];
a:= n-> (M-> M[2, 1]+M[2, 2])(<<2|1>, <1|0>>^n):
seq(a(n), n=0..33);  # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 01 2008
A001333List := proc(m) local A, P, n; A := [1,1]; P := [1,1];
for n from 1 to m - 2 do P := ListTools:-PartialSums([op(A), P[-2]]);
A := [op(A), P[-1]] od; A end: A001333List(32); # Peter Luschny, Mar 26 2022

Insert[Table[Numerator[FromContinuedFraction[ContinuedFraction[Sqrt[2], n]]], {n, 1, 40}], 1, 1] (* Stefan Steinerberger, Apr 08 2006 *)
Table[((1 - Sqrt[2])^n + (1 + Sqrt[2])^n)/2, {n, 0, 29}] // Simplify (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
a[0] = 1; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = 2a[n - 1] + a[n - 2]; Table[a@n, {n, 0, 29}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
Table[ MatrixPower[{{1, 2}, {1, 1}}, n][[1, 1]], {n, 0, 30}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 02 2006 *)
a=c=0;t={b=1}; Do[c=a+b+c; AppendTo[t,c]; a=b;b=c,{n,40}]; t (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Mar 23 2009 *)
LinearRecurrence[{2, 1}, {1, 1}, 40] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Mar 23 2009 *)
Join[{1}, Numerator[Convergents[Sqrt[2], 30]]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 22 2011 *)
Table[(-I)^n ChebyshevT[n, I], {n, 10}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 04 2017 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(-1 + x)/(-1 + 2 x + x^2), {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Sep 21 2017 *)
Table[Sqrt[(ChebyshevT[n, 3] + (-1)^n)/2], {n, 0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 17 2018 *)

{a(n) = if( n<0, (-1)^n, 1) * contfracpnqn( vector( abs(n), i, 1 + (i>1))) [1, 1]}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012 */

{a(n) = polchebyshev(n, 1, I) / I^n}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012 */

a(n) = real((1 + quadgen(8))^n); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 16 2021

{ for (n=0, 4000, a=contfracpnqn(vector(n, i, 1+(i>1)))[1, 1]; if (a > 10^(10^3 - 6), break); write("b001333.txt", n, " ", a); ); } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jun 12 2009

from functools import cache
@cache
def a(n): return 1 if n < 2 else 2*a(n-1) + a(n-2)
print([a(n) for n in range(32)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Nov 13 2022

from sage.combinat.sloane_functions import recur_gen2
it = recur_gen2(1,1,2,1)
[next(it) for i in range(30)] ## Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 24 2008

[lucas_number2(n,2,-1)/2 for n in range(0, 30)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 30 2009

a(n) = A055642(A125058(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 02 2007
a(n) = 2a(n-1) + a(n-2);
a(n) = ((1-sqrt(2))^n + (1+sqrt(2))^n)/2.
a(n)+a(n+1) = 2 A000129(n+1). 2*a(n) = A002203(n).
G.f.: (1 - x) / (1 - 2*x - x^2) = 1 / (1 - x / (1 - 2*x / (1 + x))). - Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation.
A000129(2n) = 2*A000129(n)*a(n). - John McNamara, Oct 30 2002
a(n) = (-i)^n * T(n, i), with T(n, x) Chebyshev's polynomials of the first kind A053120 and i^2 = -1.
a(n) = a(n-1) + A052542(n-1), n>1. a(n)/A052542(n) converges to sqrt(1/2). - Mario Catalani (mario.catalani(AT)unito.it), Apr 29 2003
E.g.f.: exp(x)cosh(x*sqrt(2)). - Paul Barry, May 08 2003
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n, 2k)2^k. - Paul Barry, May 13 2003
For n > 0, a(n)^2 - (1 + (-1)^(n))/2 = Sum_{k=0..n-1} ((2k+1)*A001653(n-1-k)); e.g., 17^2 - 1 = 288 = 1*169 + 3*29 + 5*5 + 7*1; 7^2 = 49 = 1*29 + 3*5 + 5*1. - Charlie Marion, Jul 18 2003
a(n+2) = A078343(n+1) + A048654(n). - Creighton Dement, Jan 19 2005
a(n) = A000129(n) + A000129(n-1) = A001109(n)/A000129(n) = sqrt(A001110(n)/A000129(n)^2) = ceiling(sqrt(A001108(n))). - Henry Bottomley, Apr 18 2000
Also the first differences of A000129 (the Pell numbers) because A052937(n) = A000129(n+1) + 1. - Graeme McRae, Aug 03 2006
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A122542(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 08 2006
For another recurrence see A000129.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A098158(n,k)*2^(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 26 2007
a(n) = upper left and lower right terms of [1,1; 2,1]^n. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 12 2008
If p[1]=1, and p[i]=2, (i>1), and if A is Hessenberg matrix of order n defined by: A[i,j]=p[j-i+1], (i<=j), A[i,j]=-1, (i=j+1), and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n)=det A. - Milan Janjic, Apr 29 2010
For n>=2, a(n)=F_n(2)+F_(n+1)(2), where F_n(x) is Fibonacci polynomial (cf. A049310): F_n(x) = Sum_{i=0..floor((n-1)/2)} binomial(n-i-1,i)x^(n-2*i-1). - Vladimir Shevelev, Apr 13 2012
a(-n) = (-1)^n * a(n). - Michael Somos, Sep 02 2012
Dirichlet g.f.: (PolyLog(s,1-sqrt(2)) + PolyLog(s,1+sqrt(2)))/2. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jun 26 2016
a(n) = A000129(n) - A000129(n-1), where A000129(n) is the n-th Pell Number. Hence the continued fraction is of the form 1-(A000129(n-1)/A000129(n)). - Gregory L. Simay, Nov 09 2018
a(n) = (A000129(n+3) + A000129(n-3))/10, n>=3. - Paul Curtz, Jun 16 2021
a(n) = (A000129(n+6) - A000129(n-6))/140, n>=6. - Paul Curtz, Jun 20 2021
a(n) = round((1/2)*sqrt(Product_{k=1..n} 4*(1 + sin(k*Pi/n)^2))), for n>=1. - Greg Dresden, Dec 28 2021
a(n)^2 + a(n+1)^2 = A075870(n+1) = 2*(b(n)^2 + b(n+1)^2) for all n in Z where b(n) := A000129(n). - Michael Somos, Apr 02 2022
a(n) = 2*A048739(n-2)+1. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 01 2024
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 1.5766479516393275911191017828913332473... - R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2024
From Peter Bala, Jul 06 2025: (Start)
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1) * x^(n-1) * Product_{k = 1..n} (1 - k*x)/(1 - 3*x + k*x^2).
The following series telescope:
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n) + 1/a(2*n)) = 1/4, since 1/(a(2*n) + 1/a(2*n)) = 1/A077445(n) + 1/A077445(n+1).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n+1) - 1/a(2*n+1)) = 1/8, since. 1/(a(2*n+1) - 1/a(2*n+1)) = 1/(4*Pell(2*n)) + 1/(4*Pell(2*n+2)), where Pell(n) = A000129(n).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n+1) + 9/a(2*n+1)) = 1/10, since 1/(a(2*n+1) + 9/a(2*n+1)) = b(n) + b(n+1), where b(n) = A001109(n)/(2*Pell(2*n-1)*Pell(2*n+1)).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n)*a(n+1)) = 1 - sqrt(2)/2 = A268682, since (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n)*a(n+1)) = Pell(n)/a(n) - Pell(n+1)/a(n+1). (End)

Chebyshev comments from Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 10 2003

A001541 a(0) = 1, a(1) = 3; for n > 1, a(n) = 6*a(n-1) - a(n-2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 17, 99, 577, 3363, 19601, 114243, 665857, 3880899, 22619537, 131836323, 768398401, 4478554083, 26102926097, 152139002499, 886731088897, 5168247530883, 30122754096401, 175568277047523, 1023286908188737, 5964153172084899, 34761632124320657

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind evaluated at 3.
This sequence gives the values of x in solutions of the Diophantine equation x^2 - 8*y^2 = 1, the corresponding values of y are in A001109. For n > 0, the ratios a(n)/A001090(n) may be obtained as convergents to sqrt(8): either successive convergents of [3; -6] or odd convergents of [2; 1, 4]. - Lekraj Beedassy, Sep 09 2003 [edited by Jon E. Schoenfield, May 04 2014]
Also gives solutions to the equation x^2 - 1 = floor(x*r*floor(x/r)) where r = sqrt(8). - Benoit Cloitre, Feb 14 2004
Appears to give all solutions greater than 1 to the equation: x^2 = ceiling(x*r*floor(x/r)) where r = sqrt(2). - Benoit Cloitre, Feb 24 2004
This sequence give numbers n such that (n-1)*(n+1)/2 is a perfect square. Remark: (i-1)*(i+1)/2 = (i^2-1)/2 = -1 = i^2 with i = sqrt(-1) so i is also in the sequence. - Pierre CAMI, Apr 20 2005
a(n) is prime for n = {1, 2, 4, 8}. Prime a(n) are {3, 17, 577, 665857}, which belong to A001601(n). a(2k-1) is divisible by a(1) = 3. a(4k-2) is divisible by a(2) = 17. a(8k-4) is divisible by a(4) = 577. a(16k-8) is divisible by a(8) = 665857. - Alexander Adamchuk, Nov 24 2006
The upper principal convergents to 2^(1/2), beginning with 3/2, 17/12, 99/70, 577/408, comprise a strictly decreasing sequence; essentially, numerators=A001541 and denominators=A001542. - Clark Kimberling, Aug 26 2008
Also index of sequence A082532 for which A082532(n) = 1. - Carmine Suriano, Sep 07 2010
Numbers n such that sigma(n-1) and sigma(n+1) are both odd numbers. - Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Mar 28 2011
Also, numbers such that floor(a(n)^2/2) is a square: base 2 analog of A031149, A204502, A204514, A204516, A204518, A204520, A004275, A001075. - M. F. Hasler, Jan 15 2012
Numbers such that 2n^2 - 2 is a square. Also integer square roots of the expression 2*n^2 + 1, at values of n given by A001542. Also see A228405 regarding 2n^2 -+ 2^k generally for k >= 0. - Richard R. Forberg, Aug 20 2013
Values of x (or y) in the solutions to x^2 - 6xy + y^2 + 8 = 0. - Colin Barker, Feb 04 2014
Panda and Ray call the numbers in this sequence the Lucas-balancing numbers C_n (see references and links).
Partial sums of X or X+1 of Pythagorean triples (X,X+1,Z). - Peter M. Chema, Feb 03 2017
a(n)/A001542(n) is the closest rational approximation to sqrt(2) with a numerator not larger than a(n), and 2*A001542(n)/a(n) is the closest rational approximation to sqrt(2) with a denominator not larger than a(n). These rational approximations together with those obtained from the sequences A001653 and A002315 give a complete set of closest rational approximations to sqrt(2) with restricted numerator or denominator. a(n)/A001542(n) > sqrt(2) > 2*A001542(n)/a(n). - A.H.M. Smeets, May 28 2017
x = a(n), y = A001542(n) are solutions of the Diophantine equation x^2 - 2y^2 = 1 (Pell equation). x = 2*A001542(n), y = a(n) are solutions of the Diophantine equation x^2 - 2y^2 = -2. Both together give the set of fractional approximations for sqrt(2) obtained from limited fractions obtained from continued fraction representation to sqrt(2). - A.H.M. Smeets, Jun 22 2017
a(n) is the radius of the n-th circle among the sequence of circles generated as follows: Starting with a unit circle centered at the origin, every subsequent circle touches the previous circle as well as the two limbs of hyperbola x^2 - y^2 = 1, and lies in the region y > 0. - Kaushal Agrawal, Nov 10 2018
All of the positive integer solutions of a*b+1=x^2, a*c+1=y^2, b*c+1=z^2, x+z=2*y, 0A001542(n), b=A005319(n), c=A001542(n+1), x=A001541(n), y=A001653(n+1), z=A002315(n) with 0Michael Somos, Jun 26 2022

			99^2 + 99^2 = 140^2 + 2. - _Carmine Suriano_, Jan 05 2015
G.f. = 1 + 3*x + 17*x^2 + 99*x^3 + 577*x^4 + 3363*x^5 + 19601*x^6 + 114243*x^7 + ...

Julio R. Bastida, Quadratic properties of a linearly recurrent sequence. Proceedings of the Tenth Southeastern Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Computing (Florida Atlantic Univ., Boca Raton, Fla., 1979), pp. 163--166, Congress. Numer., XXIII-XXIV, Utilitas Math., Winnipeg, Man., 1979. MR0561042 (81e:10009)
J. W. L. Glaisher, On Eulerian numbers (formulas, residues, end-figures), with the values of the first twenty-seven, Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, vol. 45, 1914, pp. 1-51.
G. K. Panda, Some fascinating properties of balancing numbers, In Proc. of Eleventh Internat. Conference on Fibonacci Numbers and Their Applications, Cong. Numerantium 194 (2009), 185-189.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 257-258.
P.-F. Teilhet, Query 2376, L'Intermédiaire des Mathématiciens, 11 (1904), 138-139. - N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 08 2022

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
I. Adler, Three Diophantine equations - Part II, Fib. Quart., 7 (1969), 181-193.
Christian Aebi and Grant Cairns, Lattice Equable Parallelograms, arXiv:2006.07566 [math.NT], 2020.
Jean-Paul Allouche, Zeta-regularization of arithmetic sequences, EPJ Web of Conferences (2020) Vol. 244, 01008.
Hacène Belbachir, Soumeya Merwa Tebtoub, and László Németh, Ellipse Chains and Associated Sequences, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 23 (2020), Article 20.8.5.
H. Brocard, Notes élémentaires sur le problème de Peel, Nouvelle Correspondance Mathématique, 4 (1878), 161-169.
John M. Campbell, An Integral Representation of Kekulé Numbers, and Double Integrals Related to Smarandache Sequences, arXiv preprint arXiv:1105.3399 [math.GM], 2011.
P. Catarino, H. Campos, and P. Vasco, On some identities for balancing and cobalancing numbers, Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae, 45 (2015) pp. 11-24.
Kwang-Wu Chen and Yu-Ren Pan, Greatest Common Divisors of Shifted Horadam Sequences, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 23 (2020), Article 20.5.8.
S. Falcon, Relationships between Some k-Fibonacci Sequences, Applied Mathematics, 2014, 5, 2226-2234.
Morgan Fiebig, aBa Mbirika, and Jürgen Spilker, Period patterns, entry points, and orders in the Lucas sequences: theory and applications, arXiv:2408.14632 [math.NT], 2024. See p. 5.
Robert Frontczak, A Note on Hybrid Convolutions Involving Balancing and Lucas-Balancing Numbers, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 12, 2018, No. 25, 1201-1208.
Robert Frontczak, Sums of Balancing and Lucas-Balancing Numbers with Binomial Coefficients, International Journal of Mathematical Analysis (2018) Vol. 12, No. 12, 585-594.
Robert Frontczak, Powers of Balancing Polynomials and Some Consequences for Fibonacci Sums, International Journal of Mathematical Analysis (2019) Vol. 13, No. 3, 109-115.
Robert Frontczak, Identities for generalized balancing numbers, Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics (2019) Vol. 25, No. 2, 169-180.
Robert Frontczak and Taras Goy, Additional close links between balancing and Lucas-balancing polynomials, arXiv:2007.14048 [math.NT], 2020.
Robert Frontczak and Taras Goy, More Fibonacci-Bernoulli relations with and without balancing polynomials, arXiv:2007.14618 [math.NT], 2020.
Robert Frontczak and Taras Goy, Lucas-Euler relations using balancing and Lucas-balancing polynomials, arXiv:2009.09409 [math.NT], 2020.
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J. M. Katri and D. R. Byrkit, Problem E1976, Amer. Math. Monthly, 75 (1968), 683-684.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
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D. H. Lehmer, A cotangent analogue of continued fractions, Duke Math. J., 4 (1935), 323-340. [Annotated scanned copy]
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aBa Mbirika, Janeè Schrader, and Jürgen Spilker, Pell and associated Pell braid sequences as GCDs of sums of k consecutive Pell, balancing, and related numbers, arXiv:2301.05758 [math.NT], 2023. See also J. Int. Seq. (2023) Vol. 26, Art. 23.6.4.
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Index entries for two-way infinite sequences
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (6,-1).
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.

Bisection of A001333. A003499(n) = 2a(n).
Cf. A055997 = numbers n such that n(n-1)/2 is a square.
Row 1 of array A188645.
Cf. A046090, A001109, A053142, A084130, A001601, A056771, A077420, A005319, A082532, A001542.
Cf. A055792 (terms squared), A132592.

a001541 n = a001541_list !! (n-1)
a001541_list =
1 : 3 : zipWith (-) (map (* 6) $ tail a001541_list) a001541_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 06 2011
(Scheme, with memoization-macro definec)
(definec (A001541 n) (cond ((zero? n) 1) ((= 1 n) 3) (else (- (* 6 (A001541 (- n 1))) (A001541 (- n 2))))))
;; Antti Karttunen, Oct 04 2016

[n: n in [1..10000000] |IsSquare(8*(n^2-1))]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 18 2010

a[0]:=1: a[1]:=3: for n from 2 to 26 do a[n]:=6*a[n-1]-a[n-2] od: seq(a[n], n=0..20); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 26 2006
A001541:=-(-1+3*z)/(1-6*z+z**2); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation

Table[Simplify[(1/2) (3 + 2 Sqrt[2])^n + (1/2) (3 - 2 Sqrt[2])^n], {n, 0, 20}] (* Artur Jasinski, Feb 10 2010 *)
a[ n_] := If[n == 0, 1, With[{m = Abs @ n}, m Sum[4^i Binomial[m + i, 2 i]/(m + i), {i, 0, m}]]]; (* Michael Somos, Jul 11 2011 *)
a[ n_] := ChebyshevT[ n, 3]; (* Michael Somos, Jul 11 2011 *)
LinearRecurrence[{6, -1}, {1, 3}, 50] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 12 2012 *)

{a(n) = real((3 + quadgen(32))^n)}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 07 2003 */

{a(n) = subst( poltchebi( abs(n)), x, 3)}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 07 2003 */

{a(n) = if( n<0, a(-n), polsym(1 - 6*x + x^2, n) [n+1] / 2)}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 07 2003 */

{a(n) = polchebyshev( n, 1, 3)}; /* Michael Somos, Jul 11 2011 */

a(n)=([1,2,2;2,1,2;2,2,3]^n)[3,3] \\ Vim Wenders, Mar 28 2007

G.f.: (1-3*x)/(1-6*x+x^2). - Barry E. Williams and Wolfdieter Lang, May 05 2000
E.g.f.: exp(3*x)*cosh(2*sqrt(2)*x). Binomial transform of A084128. - Paul Barry, May 16 2003
From N. J. A. Sloane, May 16 2003: (Start)
a(n) = sqrt(8*((A001109(n))^2) + 1).
a(n) = T(n, 3), with Chebyshev's T-polynomials A053120. (End)
a(n) = ((3+2*sqrt(2))^n + (3-2*sqrt(2))^n)/2.
a(n) = cosh(2*n*arcsinh(1)). - Herbert Kociemba, Apr 24 2008
a(n) ~ (1/2)*(sqrt(2) + 1)^(2*n). - Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org), May 15 2002
For all elements x of the sequence, 2*x^2 - 2 is a square. Limit_{n -> infinity} a(n)/a(n-1) = 3 + 2*sqrt(2). - Gregory V. Richardson, Oct 10 2002 [corrected by Peter Pein, Mar 09 2009]
a(n) = 3*A001109(n) - A001109(n-1), n >= 1. - Barry E. Williams and Wolfdieter Lang, May 05 2000
For n >= 1, a(n) = A001652(n) - A001652(n-1). - Charlie Marion, Jul 01 2003
From Paul Barry, Sep 18 2003: (Start)
a(n) = ((-1+sqrt(2))^n + (1+sqrt(2))^n + (1-sqrt(2))^n + (-1-sqrt(2))^n)/4 (with interpolated zeros).
E.g.f.: cosh(x)*cosh(sqrt(2)x) (with interpolated zeros). (End)
For n > 0, a(n)^2 + 1 = 2*A001653(n-1)*A001653(n). - Charlie Marion, Dec 21 2003
a(n)^2 + a(n+1)^2 = 2*(A001653(2*n+1) - A001652(2*n)). - Charlie Marion, Mar 17 2003
a(n) = Sum_{k >= 0} binomial(2*n, 2*k)*2^k = Sum_{k >= 0} A086645(n, k)*2^k. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 29 2004
a(n)*A002315(n+k) = A001652(2*n+k) + A001652(k) + 1; for k > 0, a(n+k)*A002315(n) = A001652(2*n+k) - A001652(k-1). - Charlie Marion, Mar 17 2003
For n > k, a(n)*A001653(k) = A011900(n+k) + A053141(n-k-1). For n <= k, a(n)*A001653(k) = A011900(n+k) + A053141(k-n). - Charlie Marion, Oct 18 2004
A053141(n+1) + A055997(n+1) = a(n+1) + A001109(n+1). - Creighton Dement, Sep 16 2004
a(n+1) - A001542(n+1) = A090390(n+1) - A046729(n) = A001653(n); a(n+1) - 4*A079291(n+1) = (-1)^(n+1). Formula generated by the floretion - .5'i + .5'j - .5i' + .5j' - 'ii' + 'jj' - 2'kk' + 'ij' + .5'ik' + 'ji' + .5'jk' + .5'ki' + .5'kj' + e. - Creighton Dement, Nov 16 2004
a(n) = sqrt( A055997(2*n) ). - Alexander Adamchuk, Nov 24 2006
a(2n) = A056771(n). a(2*n+1) = 3*A077420(n). - Alexander Adamchuk, Feb 01 2007
a(n) = (A000129(n)^2)*4 + (-1)^n. - Vim Wenders, Mar 28 2007
2*a(k)*A001653(n)*A001653(n+k) = A001653(n)^2 + A001653(n+k)^2 + A001542(k)^2. - Charlie Marion, Oct 12 2007
a(n) = A001333(2*n). - Ctibor O. Zizka, Aug 13 2008
A028982(a(n)-1) + 2 = A028982(a(n)+1). - Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Mar 28 2011
a(n) = 2*A001108(n) + 1. - Paul Weisenhorn, Dec 17 2011
a(n) = sqrt(2*x^2 + 1) with x being A001542(n). - Zak Seidov, Jan 30 2013
a(2n) = 2*a(n)^2 - 1 = a(n)^2 + 2*A001542(n)^2. a(2*n+1) = 1 + 2*A002315(n)^2. - Steven J. Haker, Dec 04 2013
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 4*A001542(n-1); e.g., a(4) = 99 = 3*17 + 4*12. - Zak Seidov, Dec 19 2013
a(n) = cos(n * arccos(3)) = cosh(n * log(3 + 2*sqrt(2))). - Daniel Suteu, Jul 28 2016
From Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 28 2016: (Start)
Inverse binomial transform of A084130.
Exponential convolution of A000079 and A084058.
Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n*a(n)/n! = cosh(2*sqrt(2))/exp(3) = 0.4226407909842764637... (End)
a(2*n+1) = 2*a(n)*a(n+1) - 3. - Timothy L. Tiffin, Oct 12 2016
a(n) = a(-n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Jan 20 2017
a(2^n) = A001601(n+1). - A.H.M. Smeets, May 28 2017
a(A298210(n)) = A002350(2*n^2). - A.H.M. Smeets, Jan 25 2018
a(n) = S(n, 6) - 3*S(n-1, 6), for n >= 0, with S(n, 6) = A001109(n+1), (Chebyshev S of A049310). See the first comment and the formula a(n) = T(n, 3). - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 22 2020
From Peter Bala, Dec 31 2021: (Start)
a(n) = [x^n] (3*x + sqrt(1 + 8*x^2))^n.
The Gauss congruences a(n*p^k) == a(n*p^(k-1)) hold for all prime p and positive integers n and k.
O.g.f. A(x) = 1 + x*d/dx(log(B(x))), where B(x) = 1/sqrt(1 - 6*x + x^2) is the o.g.f. of A001850. (End)
From Peter Bala, Aug 17 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n >= 1} 1/(a(n) - 2/a(n)) = 1/2.
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(n) + 1/a(n)) = 1/4.
Sum_{n >= 1} 1/(a(n)^2 - 2) = 1/2 - 1/sqrt(8). (End)
From  Peter Bala, Jun 23 2025: (Start)
Product_{n >= 0} (1 + 1/a(2^n)) = sqrt(2).
Product_{n >= 0} (1 - 1/(2*a(2^n))) = (4/7)*sqrt(2). See A002812. (End)

A057087 Scaled Chebyshev U-polynomials evaluated at i. Generalized Fibonacci sequence.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 20, 96, 464, 2240, 10816, 52224, 252160, 1217536, 5878784, 28385280, 137056256, 661766144, 3195289600, 15428222976, 74494050304, 359689093120, 1736732573696, 8385686667264, 40489676963840, 195501454524416

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 11 2000

a(n) gives the length of the word obtained after n steps with the substitution rule 0->1111, 1->11110, starting from 0. The number of 1's and 0's of this word is 4*a(n-1) and 4*a(n-2), respectively.
Inverse binomial transform of odd Pell bisection A001653. With a leading zero, inverse binomial transform of even Pell bisection A001542, divided by 2. - Paul Barry, May 16 2003
For positive n, a(n) equals the permanent of the n X n tridiagonal matrix with 4's along the main diagonal, and 2's along the superdiagonal and the subdiagonal. - John M. Campbell, Jul 19 2011
Pisano period lengths: 1, 1, 8, 1, 3, 8, 6, 1, 24, 3, 120, 8, 21, 6, 24, 1, 16, 24, 360, 3, ... . - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
Exponential convolution of Pell numbers (A000129) and companion Pell numbers (A002203), divided by 2 and leading zero dropped. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Oct 07 2016

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1459
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
A. F. Horadam, Special properties of the sequence W_n(a,b; p,q), Fib. Quart., 5.5 (1967), 424-434. Case n->n+1, a=0,b=1; p=4, q=4.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences.
Wolfdieter Lang, On polynomials related to powers of the generating function of Catalan's numbers, Fib. Quart. 38 (2000) 408-419; Eqs.(39) and (45),rhs, m=4.
Index entries for sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,4)

Pairwise sums are in A086347.

Appears in A086346, A086347 and A086348. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010

I:=[1,4]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 4*Self(n-1) + 4*Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jan 16 2018

A057087 := n -> `if`(n=0, 1, 4^n*hypergeom([1/2-n/2, -n/2], [-n], -1)):
seq(simplify(A057087(n)), n=0..21); # Peter Luschny, Dec 17 2015

Table[Fibonacci[n + 1, 2] 2^n, {n, 0, 20}] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Oct 08 2016 *)
LinearRecurrence[{4,4},{1,4},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 17 2017 *)

a(n)=if(n<0, 0, (2*I)^n*subst(I*poltchebi(n+1)+poltchebi(n),'x,-I)/2) /* Michael Somos, Sep 16 2005 */

Vec(1/(1-4*x-4*x^2) + O(x^100)) \\ Altug Alkan, Dec 17 2015

[lucas_number1(n,4,-4) for n in range(1, 23)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 23 2009

a(n) = 4*(a(n-1) + a(n-2)), a(-1)=0, a(0)=1.
G.f.: 1/(1 - 4*x - 4*x^2).
a(n) = S(n, 2*i)*(-2*i)^n with S(n, x) := U(n, x/2), Chebyshev's polynomials of the 2nd kind, A049310.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} 3^k*A063967(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 03 2006
a(n) = A000129(n+1)*A000079(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 08 2009
From Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010: (Start)
Limit_{k->oo} a(n+k)/a(k) = A084128(n) + 2*A057087(n-1)*sqrt(2);
Limit_{n->oo} A084128(n)/A057087(n-1) = sqrt(2). (End)
a(n) = 4^n*hypergeom([1/2-n/2, -n/2], [-n], -1) for n>=1. - Peter Luschny, Dec 17 2015

A086347 On a 3 X 3 board, number of n-move routes of chess king ending in a given side square.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 24, 116, 560, 2704, 13056, 63040, 304384, 1469696, 7096320, 34264064, 165441536, 798822400, 3857055744, 18623512576, 89922273280, 434183143424, 2096421666816, 10122419240960, 48875363631104, 235991131488256, 1139465980477440, 5501828447862784

Offset: 0

Zak Seidov, Jul 17 2003

Number of aa-avoiding words of length n on alphabet {a,b,c,d,e}. - Tanya Khovanova, Jan 11 2007
Binomial transform of A164589 and second binomial transform of A096886. [Al Hakanson (hawkuu(AT)gmail.com), Aug 17 2009]
From Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010: (Start)
The a(n) represent the number of n-move paths of a chess king on a 3 X 3 board that end or start in a given side square m (m = 2, 4, 6, 8).
Inverse binomial transform of A001109 (without the leading 0).
(End)
Number of independent vertex subsets of the graph obtained by attaching two pendant edges to each vertex of the path graph P_n (see A235116). Example: a(1)=5; indeed, P_1 is the one-vertex graph and after attaching two pendant vertices we obtain the path graph ABC; the independent vertex subsets are: empty, {A}, {B}, {C}, and {A,C}.
Number of simple paths from corner to diagonally opposite corner on a 2 X n grid with king moves allowed. - Andrew Howroyd, Nov 06 2019
Number of 4-compositions of n+1 restricted to parts 1 and 2 (and allowed zeros); see Hopkins & Ouvry reference. - Brian Hopkins, Aug 16 2020

			a(3) = 116 = 5^3 - 9 (aaa, aab, aac, aad, aae, baa, caa, daa, eaa). [Al Hakanson (hawkuu(AT)gmail.com), Aug 17 2009]

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1459
Jean-Paul Allouche, Jeffrey Shallit, and Manon Stipulanti, Combinatorics on words and generating Dirichlet series of automatic sequences, arXiv:2401.13524 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 14.
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook)
D. Birmajer, J. B. Gil, and M. D. Weiner, On the Enumeration of Restricted Words over a Finite Alphabet, J. Int. Seq. 19 (2016) # 16.1.3, Example 7.
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, and Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
Brian Hopkins and Stéphane Ouvry, Combinatorics of Multicompositions, arXiv:2008.04937 [math.CO], 2020.
Milan Janjic, On Linear Recurrence Equations Arising from Compositions of Positive Integers, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.7.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Mike Oakes, KingMovesForPrimes.
Zak Seidov, KingMovesForPrimes.
Zak Seidov et al., New puzzle? King moves for primes, digest of 28 messages in primenumbers group, Jul 13 - Jul 23, 2003. [Cached copy]
Sleephound, KingMovesForPrimes.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4,4).

Row 2 of A329118.
Row sums of A235113.
Cf. A086346, A086348.
Cf. A028859.
Cf. A126473. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010

with(LinearAlgebra): nmax:=19; m:=2; A[5]:= [1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1]: A:=Matrix([[0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0],[1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0],[1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0],A[5],[0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1],[0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1],[0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0]]): for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m,k],k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010
# second Maple program:
a:= n-> (<<0|1>, <4|4>>^n. <<1, 5>>)[1,1]:
seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Oct 12 2022

Table[(Sqrt[2]/32)((2+Sqrt[8])^(n+2)-(2-Sqrt[8])^(n+2)), {n, 0, 19}]

a(n) = (sqrt(2)/32)*((2+sqrt(8))^(n+2)-(2-sqrt(8))^(n+2)).
From Ralf Stephan, Feb 01 2004: (Start)
G.f.: (1+x)/(1-4*x-4*x^2).
a(n) = A057087(n) + A057087(n-1). (End)
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) + 4*a(n-2). - Tanya Khovanova, Jan 11 2007
Limit_{k->oo} a(n+k)/a(k) = A084128(n) + 2*A057087(n-1)*sqrt(2). - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010
E.g.f.: exp(2*x)*(4*cosh(2*sqrt(2)*x) + 3*sqrt(2)*sinh(2*sqrt(2)*x))/4. - Stefano Spezia, Mar 17 2025

Offset changed and edited by Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 15 2010

A201730 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by (2,1/2,3/2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...) DELTA (0,1/2,-1/2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 0, 5, 1, 0, 14, 6, 0, 0, 41, 26, 1, 0, 0, 122, 100, 10, 0, 0, 0, 365, 363, 63, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1094, 1274, 322, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3281, 4372, 1462, 116, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9842, 14760, 6156, 744, 18, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Dec 04 2011

Riordan array ((1-2x)/(1-4x+3x^2),x^2/(1-4x+3x^2)).

A007318*A201701 as lower triangular matrices.

			Triangle begins:
1
2, 0
5, 1, 0
14, 6, 0, 0
41, 26, 1, 0, 0
122, 100, 10, 0, 0, 0
365, 363, 63, 1, 0, 0, 0

Cf. A007051 (1st column), A261064 (2nd column).

A201730 := proc(n,k)
    (1-2*x)/(1-4*x+(3-y)*x^2) ;
    coeftayl(%,y=0,k) ;
    coeftayl(%,x=0,n) ;
end proc:
seq(seq(A201730(n,k),k=0..n),n=0..12) ; # R. J. Mathar, Dec 06 2011

m = 13;
(* DELTA is defined in A084938 *)
DELTA[Join[{2, 1/2, 3/2}, Table[0, {m}]], Join[{0, 1/2, -1/2}, Table[0, {m}]], m] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 19 2020 *)

G.f.: (1-2x)/(1-4x+(3-y)*x^2).
Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n} T(n,k)*x^k = A139011(n), A000079(n), A007051(n), A006012(n), A001075(n), A081294(n), A001077(n), A084059(n), A108851(n), A084128(n), A081340(n), A084132(n) for x = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively.
Sum_{k, k>+0} T(n+k,k) = A081704(n) .
T(n,k) = 3*T(n-1,k)+ Sum_{j>0} T(n-1-j,k-1).
T(n,k) = 4*T(n-1,k)+ T(n-2,k-1) - 3*T(n-2,k) with T(0,0)=1, T(1,0)= 2, T(1,1) = 0 and T(n,k) = 0 if k<0 or if n

A084058 a(n) = 2a(n-1) + 7a(n-2) for n>1, a(0)=1, a(1)=1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 9, 25, 113, 401, 1593, 5993, 23137, 88225, 338409, 1294393, 4957649, 18976049, 72655641, 278143625, 1064876737, 4076758849, 15607654857, 59752621657, 228758827313, 875786006225, 3352883803641, 12836269650857, 49142725927201

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, May 10 2003

Binomial transform of expansion of cosh(sqrt(8)x) (A001018 with interpolated zeros : 1, 0, 8, 0, 64, 0, 512, 0, ...); inverse binomial transform of A084128.

The same sequence may be obtained by the following process. Starting a priori with the fraction 1/1, the numerators of fractions built according to the rule: add top and bottom to get the new bottom, add top and 8 times the bottom to get the new top. The limit of the sequence of fractions is sqrt(8). - Cino Hilliard, Sep 25 2005

John Derbyshire, Prime Obsession, Joseph Henry Press, April 2004, see p. 16.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,7).

Essentially a duplicate of A083100.

a:=[1,1];; for n in [3..30] do a[n]:=2*a[n-1]+7*a[n-2]; od; a; # G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019

Z:= PolynomialRing(Integers()); N:=NumberField(x^2-8); S:=[ ((1+r8)^n+(1-r8)^n)/2: n in [0..30] ]; [ Integers()!S[j]: j in [1..#S] ]; // Klaus Brockhaus, Nov 16 2008

I:=[1,1]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 2*Self(n-1) +7*Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019

a[n_]:= Simplify[((1 + Sqrt[8])^n + (1 - Sqrt[8])^n)/2]; Array[a, 30, 0] (* Or *) CoefficientList[Series[(1-x)/(1-2x-7x^2), {x,0,30}], x] (* Or *) LinearRecurrence[{2, 7}, {1, 1}, 30] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 18 2013 *)

my(x='x+O('x^30)); Vec((1-x)/(1-2*x-7*x^2)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019

((1-x)/(1-2*x-7*x^2)).series(x, 30).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Aug 01 2019

a(n) = ((1+sqrt(8))^n + (1-sqrt(8))^n)/2.
G.f.: (1-x)/(1-2*x-7*x^2).
E.g.f.: exp(x) * cosh(sqrt(8)*x).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A098158(n,k)*8^(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 26 2007
G.f.: G(0)/2, where G(k)= 1 + 1/(1 - x*(8*k-1)/(x*(8*k+7) - 1/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, May 26 2013
Satisfies recurrence relation system a(n) = 2*b(n-1) - a(n-1), b(n) = 3*b(n-1) + 2*a(n-1), a(0)=1, b(0)=1. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Apr 11 2017

A086346 On a 3 X 3 board, the number of n-move paths for a chess king ending in a given corner square.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 18, 80, 400, 1904, 9248, 44544, 215296, 1039104, 5018112, 24227840, 116985856, 564850688, 2727354368, 13168803840, 63584665600, 307013812224, 1482394042368, 7157631156224, 34560101318656, 166870928850944, 805724122775552, 3890380202311680, 18784417308737536, 90699190027419648

Offset: 0

Zak Seidov, Jul 17 2003

From Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010: (Start)
The a(n) represent the number of n-move paths of a chess king on a 3 X 3 board that end or start in a given corner square m (m = 1, 3, 7, 9). To determine the a(n) we can either sum the components of the column vector A^n[k,m], with A the adjacency matrix of the king's graph, or we can sum the components of the row vector A^n[m,k], see the Maple program.
Inverse binomial transform of A079291 (without the leading 0).
(End)
From R. J. Mathar, Oct 12 2010: (Start)
The row n=3 of an array counting king walks on an n X n board with k steps, starting from a corner:
  1, 3,  9,  27,  81,  243,   729,   2187,    6561,    19683,    59049, ...;
  1, 3, 18,  80, 400, 1904,  9248,  44544,  215296,  1039104,  5018112, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 615, 3600, 21075, 123375,  722250,  4228125, 24751875, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 684, 4359, 28278, 182349, 1179792,  7622667, 49283802, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 684, 4550, 30807, 209867, 1434279,  9815190, 67209723, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 684, 4550, 31340, 218056, 1533712, 10829360, 76720288, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 684, 4550, 31340, 219555, 1559835, 11177190, 80573373, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 684, 4550, 31340, 219555, 1564080, 11259785, 81765550, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 684, 4550, 31340, 219555, 1564080, 11271876, 82025163, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 684, 4550, 31340, 219555, 1564080, 11271876, 82059768, ...;
  1, 3, 18, 105, 684, 4550, 31340, 219555, 1564080, 11271876, 82059768, ...;
The partial sums along the rows are documented in A123109 (king walks with between 1 and k steps). (End)

Gary Chartrand, Introductory Graph Theory, pp. 217-221, 1984. [From Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010]

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Mike Oakes, KingMovesForPrimes.
Zak Seidov et al., New puzzle? King moves for primes, digest of 28 messages in primenumbers group, Jul 13 - Jul 23, 2003. [Cached copy]
Zak Seidov, KingMovesForPrimes.
Sleephound, KingMovesForPrimes.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,12,8).

Cf. A086347, A086348, A086349.
Cf. A179596. - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010
Cf. A002203, A057087, A079291, A084128, A110048, A123109.

[2^(n-3)*(Evaluate(DicksonFirst(n+2,-1), 2) +2*(-1)^n): n in [0..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 18 2022

with(LinearAlgebra):
nmax:=19; m:=1;
A[5]:= [1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1]:
A:=Matrix([[0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0], A[5], [0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1], [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0]]):
for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m, k], k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010

Table[(1/32)(2(-2)^(n+2)+(2+Sqrt[8])^(n+2)+(2-Sqrt[8])^(n+2)), {n, 0, 19}] // FullSimplify
LinearRecurrence[{2,12,8}, {1,3,18}, 31] (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 18 2022 *)

Vec((1+x)/((1+2*x)*(1-4*x-4*x^2))+O(x^30)) \\ Joerg Arndt, Jan 29 2024

[2^(n-3)*(lucas_number2(n+2,2,-1) +2*(-1)^n) for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Aug 18 2022

a(n) = (1/32)*(2*(-2)^(n+2) + (2+sqrt(8))^(n+2) + (2-sqrt(8))^(n+2)).
From R. J. Mathar, Jul 22 2010: (Start)
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + 12*a(n-2) + 8*a(n-3).
G.f.: (1+x) / ( (1+2*x)*(1-4*x-4*x^2) ).
a(n) = (2*A057087(n-1) + 3*A057087(n) + (-2)^n)/4. (End)
Limit_{k->oo} a(n+k)/a(k) = A084128(n) + 2*A057087(n-1)*sqrt(2). - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010
a(n) = A110048(n) + A110048(n-1). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 08 2021
a(n) = 2^(n-3)*(A002203(n+2) + 2*(-1)^n). - G. C. Greubel, Aug 18 2022

Offset changed and edited by Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 15 2010

A086348 On a 3 X 3 board, number of n-move routes of chess king ending in the central square.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 32, 168, 784, 3840, 18432, 89216, 430336, 2078720, 10035200, 48457728, 233967616, 1129709568, 5454692352, 26337640448, 127169265664, 614027755520, 2964787822592, 14315262836736

Offset: 0

Zak Seidov, Jul 17 2003

From Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010: (Start)
The a(n) represent the number of n-move paths of a chess king on a 3 X 3 board that end or start in the central square m (m = 5).
Inverse binomial transform of A090390 (without the first leading 1).
(End)
From R. J. Mathar, Oct 12 2010: (Start)
The row n=3 of an array T(n,k) counting king walks on an n X n board starting on a square on the diagonal next to a corner:
1,8,32,168,784,3840,18432,89216,430336,2078720,10035200,48457728,233967616,
1,8,47,275,1610,9425,55175,323000,1890875,11069375,64801250,379353125,
1,8,47,318,2013,13140,84555,547722,3537081,22874400,147831399,955690326,
1,8,47,318,2134,14539,99267,679189,4650100,31848677,218164072,1494530576,
1,8,47,318,2134,14880,103920,733712,5187856,36796224,261164848,1855327584,
1,8,47,318,2134,14880,104885,748845,5382180,38880243,281743740,2045995632,
1,8,47,318,2134,14880,104885,751590,5430735,39556080,289541500,2127935700,
1,8,47,318,2134,14880,104885,751590,5438580,39710495,291852880,2156410817,
1,8,47,318,2134,14880,104885,751590,5438580,39733008,292340803,2164218694,
1,8,47,318,2134,14880,104885,751590,5438580,39733008,292405638,2165752797, (End)

Mike Oakes, KingMovesForPrimes.
Zak Seidov, KingMovesForPrimes.
Zak Seidov et al., New puzzle? King moves for primes, digest of 28 messages in primenumbers group, Jul 13 - Jul 23, 2003. [Cached copy]
Sleephound, KingMovesForPrimes.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2, 12, 8).

Cf. A086346, A086347.

Cf. A179597.

with(LinearAlgebra): nmax:=19; m:=5; A[5]:= [1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1]: A:=Matrix([[0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0],[1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0],[1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0],A[5],[0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1],[0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1],[0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0]]): for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m,k],k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010

Table[(1/16)(4(-2)^(n+1)+(2+Sqrt[8])^(n+2)+(2-Sqrt[8])^(n+2)), {n, 0, 19}]

a(n) = (1/16)(4(-2)^(n+1) + (2+sqrt(8))^(n+2) + (2-sqrt(8))^(n+2)).
From Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 01 2010: (Start)
G.f.: ( 1+6*x+4*x^2 ) / ( (2*x+1)*(-4*x^2-4*x+1) ).
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + 12*a(n-2) + 8*a(n-3) with a(0)=1, a(1)=8 and a(2)=32.
Lim_{k->infinity} a(n+k)/a(k) = A084128(n) + 2*A057087(n-1)*sqrt(2). (End)
2*a(n) = 3*A057087(n) + 2*A057087(n-1) - (-2)^n. - R. J. Mathar, May 21 2019

Offset changed and edited by Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 15 2010

A170931 Extended Lucas L(n,i) = n(L(n,i-1) + L(n,i-2)) = a^i + b^i where d = sqrt(n(n+4)); a=(n+d)/2; b=(n-d)/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 4, 24, 112, 544, 2624, 12672, 61184, 295424, 1426432, 6887424, 33255424, 160571392, 775307264, 3743514624, 18075287552, 87275208704, 421401985024, 2034708774912, 9824443039744, 47436607258624, 229044201193472

Offset: 0

Claudio Peruzzi (claudio.peruzzi(AT)gmail.com), Feb 04 2010

Sequence gives the rational part of the radii of the circles in nested circles and squares inspired by Vitruvian Man, starting with a square whose sides are of length 4 (in some units). The radius of the circle is an integer in the real quadratic number field Q(sqrt(2)), namely R(n) = A(n-1) + B(n)*sqrt(2) with A(-1)=1, for n >= 1, A(n-1) = A170931(n-1)*-1^(n-1); and B(n) = A094013(n)*-1^n. See illustrations in the links. - Kival Ngaokrajang, Feb 15 2015

			L(n,0)=2, L(n,1)=n.

Harvey P. Dale, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Martin Burtscher, Igor Szczyrba, Rafał Szczyrba, Analytic Representations of the n-anacci Constants and Generalizations Thereof, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.5.
Kival Ngaokrajang, Illustration of initial terms, Vitruvian Man
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (4, 4).

Cf. similar sequences with d=sqrt(n*(n+k)): A000032 (k=1, classic Lucas), A080040 (k=2), A085480 (k=3).

Cf. A094013, A174968.

I:=[2,4]; [n le 5 select I[n] else 4*Self(n-1)+4*Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Dec 21 2017

CoefficientList[Series[2 (1 - 2 x) / (1 - 4 x - 4 x^2), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 16 2015 *)
LinearRecurrence[{4,4},{2,4},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 03 2016 *)

x='x+O('x^30); Vec(2*(1-2*x)/(1 - 4*x - 4*x^2)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Dec 21 2017

From R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2010: (Start)
a(n) = 2*A084128(n) = 4*a(n-1) + 4*a(n-2).
G.f.: 2*(1-2*x)/(1 - 4*x - 4*x^2). (End)

A191347 Array read by antidiagonals: ((floor(sqrt(n)) + sqrt(n))^k + (floor(sqrt(n)) - sqrt(n))^k)/2 for columns k >= 0 and rows n >= 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 4, 3, 1, 1, 0, 8, 7, 4, 2, 1, 0, 16, 17, 10, 8, 2, 1, 0, 32, 41, 28, 32, 9, 2, 1, 0, 64, 99, 76, 128, 38, 10, 2, 1, 0, 128, 239, 208, 512, 161, 44, 11, 2, 1, 0, 256, 577, 568, 2048, 682, 196, 50, 12, 3, 1

Offset: 0

Charles L. Hohn, May 31 2011

			1, 0,  0,   0,    0,    0,     0,      0,       0,        0,        0, ...
1, 1,  2,   4,    8,   16,    32,     64,     128,      256,      512, ...
1, 1,  3,   7,   17,   41,    99,    239,     577,     1393,     3363, ...
1, 1,  4,  10,   28,   76,   208,    568,    1552,     4240,    11584, ...
1, 2,  8,  32,  128,  512,  2048,   8192,   32768,   131072,   524288, ...
1, 2,  9,  38,  161,  682,  2889,  12238,   51841,   219602,   930249, ...
1, 2, 10,  44,  196,  872,  3880,  17264,   76816,   341792,  1520800, ...
1, 2, 11,  50,  233, 1082,  5027,  23354,  108497,   504050,  2341691, ...
1, 2, 12,  56,  272, 1312,  6336,  30592,  147712,   713216,  3443712, ...
1, 3, 18, 108,  648, 3888, 23328, 139968,  839808,  5038848, 30233088, ...
1, 3, 19, 117,  721, 4443, 27379, 168717, 1039681,  6406803, 39480499, ...
1, 3, 20, 126,  796, 5028, 31760, 200616, 1267216,  8004528, 50561600, ...
1, 3, 21, 135,  873, 5643, 36477, 235791, 1524177,  9852435, 63687141, ...
1, 3, 22, 144,  952, 6288, 41536, 274368, 1812352, 11971584, 79078912, ...
1, 3, 23, 153, 1033, 6963, 46943, 316473, 2133553, 14383683, 96969863, ...
...

Row 1 is A000007, row 2 is A011782, row 3 is A001333, row 4 is A026150, row 5 is A081294, row 6 is A001077, row 7 is A084059, row 8 is A108851, row 9 is A084128, row 10 is A081341, row 11 is A005667, row 13 is A141041.
Row 3*2 is A002203, row 4*2 is A080040, row 5*2 is A155543, row 6*2 is A014448, row 8*2 is A080042, row 9*2 is A170931, row 11*2 is A085447.
Cf. A191348 which uses ceiling() in place of floor().

T(n, k) = if (n==0, k==0, my(x=sqrtint(n)); sum(i=0, (k+1)\2, binomial(k, 2*i)*x^(k-2*i)*n^i));
matrix(9,9, n, k, T(n-1,k-1)) \\ Michel Marcus, Aug 22 2019

T(n, k) = if (k==0, 1, if (k==1, sqrtint(n), T(n,k-2)*(n-T(n,1)^2) + T(n,k-1)*T(n,1)*2));
matrix(9, 9, n, k, T(n-1, k-1)) \\ Charles L. Hohn, Aug 22 2019

For each row n>=0 let T(n,0)=1 and T(n,1)=floor(sqrt(n)), then for each column k>=2: T(n,k)=T(n,k-2)*(n-T(n,1)^2) + T(n,k-1)*T(n,1)*2. - Charles L. Hohn, Aug 22 2019

T(n, k) = Sum_{i=0..floor((k+1)/2)} binomial(k, 2*i)*floor(sqrt(n))^(k-2*i)*n^i for n > 0, with T(0, 0) = 1 and T(0, k) = 0 for k > 0. - Michel Marcus, Aug 23 2019

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cp's OEIS Frontend

A001333 Pell-Lucas numbers: numerators of continued fraction convergents to sqrt(2).

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A001541 a(0) = 1, a(1) = 3; for n > 1, a(n) = 6*a(n-1) - a(n-2).

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A057087 Scaled Chebyshev U-polynomials evaluated at i. Generalized Fibonacci sequence.

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A086347 On a 3 X 3 board, number of n-move routes of chess king ending in a given side square.

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A201730 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by (2,1/2,3/2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...) DELTA (0,1/2,-1/2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

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A084058 a(n) = 2a(n-1) + 7a(n-2) for n>1, a(0)=1, a(1)=1.

A170931 Extended Lucas L(n,i) = n(L(n,i-1) + L(n,i-2)) = a^i + b^i where d = sqrt(n(n+4)); a=(n+d)/2; b=(n-d)/2.